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V.3 

1908517 


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REYNOLDS   HISTORICAL 
GENEALOGY   COLLECTION 


3  1833  00727  6857 


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VOL.3. 


''l'Lau^H?'Ce<z/??t'   ccl' 


%mi^0u . 


A  TOPOGRAPHICAL 


HISTORY  OF   SURREY,^ 


EDWARD  WEDLAKE  BRAYLEY.  F.S.A.,  &c. 


REVISED  AND  EDITED 

By    EDWARD    WALFORD,    M.A. 

FORMERLY  SCHOLAR  OF  BALLIOL  COLLEGE,  OXFORD 
AUTHOR  OF  THE  "  COUNTY  FAMILIES,"  ETC. 


WITH  NUMEROUS   ILLUSTRATIONS    ON  STEEL    AND    WOOD 


V/3 


VOL.    IIL 


LONDON 
VIRTUE   AND    CO.,    Limited,    294,    CITY   ROAD 


LONDON : 

PRINTED    BY    VIRTUE    AND    CO.,    LIMITED., 

CITT    ROAD. 


1908517 


CONTENTS  OF  VOL,  III. 


THE  HUNDRED  OF  BRIXTON. 
Camberwell — 

Dulwich  (^continued) 1 

Manor  of  Hatcham 4 

Clapham .27 

Lambeth 41 

Manor  of  Lambeth 42 

The  Aichiepiscopal  Palace      ...  .44 

Manor  of  Faukes-hall  or  Vaux-hall         ...  88 

VauxhaU  Gardens 89 

Vauxhall  Bridge 96 

Manor  of  Kennington 97 

Claylands 103 

Manor  of  Stockwell,  or  South  Lamheth  .                 .  105 

The  Crystal  Palace 117 

Waterloo  Bridge 124 

Hungerford  and  Lambeth  Suspension  Bridge          .  126 

Newington,  or  Newington  Butts         .        .        .132 

Surrey  Gardens 140 

ROTHERHITHE 141 

Thames  Tunnel 146 

Commercial  Docks 150 

Streatham 157 

Manor  of  Tooting-Bec,  or  Tooting-Beck          .        .  158 

Manor  oi  Leigham's  Court 159 

Manor  of  Balham 163 

Barnes 165 

Hammersmith  Suspension  Bridge  .         .        .         .170 


»A0« 

Battersea 171 

Penge .180 

Battersea  Bridge     .  180 

Albert  Suspension  Bridge 180 

Merton 181 

Merton  Priory 183 

Mortlake 188 

Putney 1^^ 

Roebampton 203 

Tooting,  or  Lower  Tooting 208 

Wandsworth 211 

Manor  of  Battersea  and  Wandsworth  .212 

Manor  of  Downe,  or  Downe-buys   .  .212 

Manor  of  Dunsfold 213 

Manor  of  Alfarthin.s 213 

Wimbledon 220 

HUNDRED  OF  WALLINGTON,  OR  CROYDON. 

Croydon 229 

Manor  of  Croydon 232 

Manor  of  Waddon 234 

Manor  of  Bunchesham,  or  Bensham        .         .         .235 

Manor  of  Croham 235 

Manor  of  Haling 235 

Manor  of  Norbury 236 

Addiscombe 237 

Addington 249 

Chaldon 255 

0 


IV 


CONTENTS. 


TAOE 

Manor  of  AVilley 256 

Stansted 257 

COULSDON 259 

Whattington,  or  Waddon,  in  Coulsdon  .                .  259 

Sandebstead 263 

Purley ■              .         .  265 

East  and  West  Purley 265 

Selsdon 268 

woodmansterne      .       .        .       .        .       .        ■  269 

Beddington 274 

Manor  of  Home-Beddington 274 

Manor  of  Beddington-Huscarle  ■     .         .         .         .  275 

Manor  of  Wallington 278 

Manor  of  Bandon 279 

Caeshalton      ........  291 

Cheam 299 

Manor  of  Eastrf^heam 300 

Manor  of  West  Cheam 301 

Manor  of  Lower  Clieam 301 

MiTCHAM    .........  309 

Manor  of  Biggin  and  Tarn  worth  .         .         .311 

Manor  of  Eavensbury 311 

moedon,  or  moeden 316 

Sdtton      .        .                        320 

Benhilton 323 

THE  HUNDRED  OF  TANDRIDGE. 

Bletchingley 324 

Manor  of  Bletchingley 325 

Manor  of  Garston,  in  Bletchingley         .        .        .327 


Cbowhuest 335 

Manor  of  Newlands 337 

Manor  of  Chellows          ......  338 

GODSTONE 343 

Manors  of  Hedge  Court  and  Covelingley        .  347 

HoRNE 352 

Manor  of  Bysshe  Coxirt  .        .        .        .       " .        .  353 

Harwardesley 354 

LiMPSFIELD 357 

Trevereux 359 

LiNGFIELD 361 

Manor  of  Starborough,  alias  PrLokham   .         .  363 

Manor  of  Padinden 365 

Manor  of  Blokesfield,  or  Shovelstrode     .         .         .  366 

Manor  of  Browns 367 

Manor  of  Sheffield 367 

GQdable 367 

Dorman's  Land 367 

OSTED,   OR  OXTEAD 374 

Manor  of  Oxted 374 

Manor  of  Birstead,  Biersted,  or  Bursted         .        .  375 

Manor  of  Broadhams 375 

Manor  of  Foyle      . 375 

Tandeidge 379 

Manor  of  Tandridge  Covirt 380 

Manor  of  Northall,  or  Tandridge  Priory         .         .  380 

Tilliiigdon 380 

Manor  of  Newlands 381 

Priory  of  Tandridge 382 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTEATIONS, 


STEEL  ENGRxiVINGS. 


Vvjnctte. 

i'lvntispicce. 

AYESTillNSTEE   BRIDGE    IN   THE  DISTANCE     To  face  'fClfje 


Madsoledm  at  Fbogmore 

School  for  the  Indigent  Blind  .... 

Gateway  of  Lambeth  Palace  and  Lambeth  Church  :  Westminsteb  Bridge  in  the  Distance    To  face  'jHuje  47 

The  Guard  Chamber,  Lambeth  Palace (il 

St.  Michael's  Church,  Stockwell 109 

Barn-Elms 166 

Lime  Grove,  Putney  (1846) 202 

Mount  Clare,  Roehampton 204 

Dunspold  Church  and  the  School-house  on  Dunsfold  Green 213 

Hospital  op  the  Holy  Trinity,  Croydon.— The  Quadrangle 244 

Selsdon  House 269 

Selsdon  House  (another  View) 270 

Beddington  Park  (now  the  Lambeth  Female  Orphan  Asylum) 286 

The  Hall,  Beddington  House  (1850) 288 

Tbevereus,  Limpsfield ■    .        .  359 


WOOD  ENGRAVINGS. 


Seal  of  the  Free  School,  Camberwell . 

St.  George's  National  Schools,  Camberwell 

St.  Matthew's  Church,  Brixton  .... 

Catacombs  at  Norwood  Cemetery 

Shield  used  iu  the  formation  of  tlie  Thames  Tunnel 


Seals  of  Merton  Priory 185 

Croydon  Church 229 

Brass  of  Nicholas  Carew,  Beddington  Church    .        .  283 

Brass  of  a  Knight  of  the  Carew  Family      .        .         .  285 

Mordon  Church 319 


A   TOPOGRAPHICAL 

HISTORY    OF    SURREY. 


THE   HUNDRED    OF   BRIXTON. 

PARISH  OF  CAMBEEWELL. 
Diilivich  (^continued). 
TN  consequence  of  a  desii'e  on  the  part  of  the  authorities  of  the  College  to  provide 
-*-  a  better  class  of  instruction  than  that  hitherto  attainable  for  the  rising  generation  in 
Dulwich,  a  new  school  was  erected  in  1842,  at  a  short  distance  north-west  from  the 
College.  The  building  is  small,  and  remarkably  plain,  and  over  the  entrance  is  the 
inscription,  ©fte  (Stnmmar  ^cf)ool  of  CGolJ's  CGift  QTollcgr,  IBulfoiclb,  surmounted  by  the  AUeyn 
arms.  Since  1858  this  building  has  been  used  as  one  of  the  class-rooms  of  the  lower 
school  of  the  College. 

As  we  have  already  stated,*  by  the  Act  of  Parliament  passed  in  1857  AUeyn's  foimda- 
tion  was  completely  reconstituted.  To  use  the  words  of  the  author  of  "  Old  and  New 
London,"  "  The  government  of  the  College  is  now  vested  in  nineteen  governors,  of  whom 
eleven  are  nominated  by  the  Court  of  Chancery,  the  rest  being  elected  by  the  four 
parishes  to  which  special  privileges  were  attached  by  the  terms  of  the  original  foundation. 
The  officers  of  administration  are  a  *  Master  of  the  College '  (whose  office,  however,  is 
no  longer  restricted  to  a  person  of  the  founder's  name),  a  Chaplain,  an  Under  Master  of 
the  Upper  School,  a  Master  of  the  Lower  School,  a  Eeceiver,  and  a  Clerk,  together  with 
such  Assistant  Masters,  Professors,  and  Lecturers,  as  may  be  required  to  ensure  thorough 
efficiency  to  the  educational  department." 

The  revenue  of  the  College,  which  at  the  time  of  the  founder's  death  was  £800  a  year, 
now,  as  we  have  already  shown,  amounts  to  more  than  £18,000.     The  suqilus  revenue 

*  See  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  376. 
VOL.    III.  B 


2  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

(after  provision  has  been  made  for  tlie  maintenance  of  the  fabric  and  of  the  chapel  and 
library)  is  divided  into  four  portions,  of  which  three  are  assigned  to  the  educational, 
and  one  to  the  eleemosynary  branch.  The  educational  foundation  comprises  two  distinct 
schools — the  "  upper  school "  and  the  "  lower  school."  In  the  iipper  school  liberal 
provision  is  made  for  the  endowment  of  exhibitions,  tenable  either  at  one  of  the  English 
universities,  or  by  students  of  any  learned  or  scientific  profession  or  of  the  fine  arts. 
Thii-ty-six  scholarships  of  £20  a  year  each,  tenable  in  the  school,  were  likewise  esta- 
blished in  1870,  under  the  authority  of  the  Charity  Commissioners. 

The  lower  school  is  described  as  being  for  the  instruction  and  benefit  of  the  children 
of  the  industrial  and  poorer  classes  resident  in  any  of  the  parishes  of  St.  Giles, 
Camberwell;  St.  Botolph  without  Bishopsgate ;  St.  Saviour,  Southwark;  and  St.  Luke, 
Middlesex.  It  is  a  separate  school,  and  is  entirely  distinct  in  its  conduct  and  arrange- 
ments from  the  upper  school.  Provision  is  made  for  the  establishment  in  the  lower 
school  of  scholarships  and  "  gratuities "  to  be  awarded  to  deserving  boys,  for  the 
purpose  of  advancing  them  in  the  world.  The  school  is  at  present  carried  on  in  the  old 
buildings  of  God's  Gift  College. 

The  buildings  of  the  upper  school,  now  known  as  "Dulwieh  College,"  are  situated 
about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  south  of  the  old  building,  and  were  built  from  the  designs  of 
Mr.  Charles  Barry,  who  in  1858  succeeded  his  father,  Sir  Charles  Barry,  as  surveyor 
of  the  College.  The  buildings  are  described  in  "  Old  and  New  London  "  as  being  in  the 
"Northern  Italian  style  of  the  thirteenth  century."  The  first  stone  was  laid  in 
June,  1866,  and  the  edifice  was  formally  opened  by  the  Prince  of  Wales  in  June,  1870. 

The  schools  comprise  three  distinct  blocks :  viz.  a  central  building,  containing  the 
public  and  ofiicial  rooms,  the  great  hall,  library,  the  lecture  theatre,  chemical  and 
physical  laboratories,  &c. ;  and  two  wings,  connected  with  the  centre  building  by  corridors 
or  cloisters,  the  south  wing  being  appropriated  to  the  senior  section  of  the  upper  school, 
with  the  residence  of  the  master  of  the  College,  and  the  north  wing  to  the  junior  section, 
with  the  residence  of  the  under-master  of  the  upper  school.  The  buildings  are  con- 
structed of  red  brick,  with  terra-cotta  ornamentation,  the  front  of  the  centre  building 
being  the  most  profusely  ornamented :  the  decoration  is  carried  entirely  round  the 
building.  For  the  most  part  the  ornamentation  is  architectural,  but  a  distinctive  and 
characteristic  feature  is  a  series  of  heads,  in  very  high  relief  from  concave  shields,  of 
the  principal  poets,  historians,  orators,  philosophers,  &c.,  of  Greece,  Eome,  Italy, 
Germany,  and  England,  the  names  of  each  being  legibly  inscribed  in  the  hollow  of  the 
shield.    The  cost  of  the  new  schools  was  about  £100,000  :  the  building  provides  accommo- 


datiou  for  GOO  boys.      The  College    stands    in   an   area   of  45  acres,   of  which   about 
30  acres  have  been  appropriated  to  the  schools  and  playground. 

Since  its  reorganization  in  1858,  Dulwich  College  has  started  on  a  rapid  career  of 
educational  advancement ;  and  the  extraordinary  increase  in  the  number  of  boys,  and  the 
numerous  honoui's  obtained  by  them  in  almost  every  competition  open  to  our  public  schools, 
either  at  Oxford  or  Cambridge,  or  in  other  paths  of  life,  testify  at  once  to  the  high  appre- 
ciation of  the  school,  and  the  great  need  of  increased  educational  facilities  which  formerly 
existed  throughout  the  metropolitan  districts  south  of  the  Thames. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  present  year  (1879)  a  new  scheme  for  the  future 
administration  of  the  endowment  was  brought  forward  by  the  Charity  Commissioners, 
according  to  the  recommendations  of  which  (if  it  should  ultimately  receive  Parliamentary 
sanction),  the  chapel.  College,  and  gallery  are  to  be  maintained,  but  are  to  be  separated 
from  the  other  branches  of  the  foundation.  The  great  school  at  Dulwich  to  which  the 
name  of  "Dulwich  College"  is  to  be  henceforth  restricted,  is  to  have  an  endowmicnt  of 
£4,700  a  year.  The  head  master  is  to  receive  £200  a  year,  wath  a  capitation  payment  for 
each  pupil  of  not  less  than  £3,  or  more  than  £5,  Of  the  above  sum  of  £4,700,  £1,500  is 
to  be  ajjplied  to  the  establishment  of  scholarships  tenable  at  the  College,  and  £1,000 
is  to  be  appropriated  for  exhibitions  tenable  at  the  imiversity  by  pupils  who  have 
finished  their  school  course.  It  is  further  proposed  that  £800  shall  be  set  aside  annually 
for  the  educational  benefit  of  St.  Giles's,  Camberwell,  and  £400  a  year  respectively 
for  St.  Saviour's,  Southwark,  St.  Eotolph,  and  St.  Luke's;  and  after  the  lapse  of  ten 
years  further  amounts,  both  in  capital  and  annual  grants,  for  the  schools  in  those  parishes. 

It  may  be  mentioned  here  that  the  Eev.  Alfred  J.  Carver,  D.D.,  under  whom  Dulwich 
College  has  achieved  its  present  high  position  amongst  our  great  public  schools,  and  who 
was  elected  Master  in  1858,  is  the  only  individual  who  has  held  that  office  since  the 
foundation  of  the  College  who  has  not  borne  the  name  of  Alleyn.  During  his  mastership, 
and  mainly  by  his  earnest  and  energetic  efforts,  the  two  schools  of  the  College  have 
been  created  and  organized :  the  upper  school  consisting  now  of  GOO  scholars,  and 
popularly  known  as  "  Dulwich  College ;  "  and  the  lower  school,  in  which  a  sound 
English  and  commercial  education  is  given  to  200  boys. 

In  a  small  hrochure  entitled  "  Alleyn's  College  of  God's  Gift,"  issued  at  the  opening 
of  the  new  schools  in  1870,  the  writer  concludes — 

"Thus,  after  many  struggles  and  difficulties,  and  a  long  period  of  lethargy  more 
fruitless  still,  Dulwich  College  has  started  at  length  into  fresh  and  vigorous  life,  with 
powers  of  influence  and  means  of  usefulness  which  few  foundations  can  rival,  and  -with 

b2 


4  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

well-founded  hopes  for  the  future  which  far  surpass  the  utmost  expectations  of  its  pious 
and  munificent  founder." 

St.  Stephen's  Church,  in  the  Penge  Eoad,  South  Dulwich,  was  built  in  18G8,  from  the 
designs  of  Mr.  Charles  Barry ;  it  is  in  the  decorated  style  of  architecture,  and  consists  of 
nave,  chancel,  aisles,  tower,  and  spire. 

St.  John's  Church,  East  Dulwich,  was  consecrated  in  1865,  and  is  a  stone  building 
with  a  lofty  spire.  Its  site  was  given  by  the  late  Lord  Justice  Selwyn,  and  the  edifice 
was  erected  at  a  cost  of  about  £8,000. 

There  is  a  Wesleyan  chapel  at  Dulwich  in  Lordship  Lane,  and  an  Independent  chapel 
at  West  Dulwich.  The  East  Dulwich  National  Schools,  erected  many  years  ago,  are 
situated  at  Peckham  Eye. 

The  manor  of  Hatcham  according  to  Doomsday  Book :  "In  Brixton  Hundi-ed  the  Bishop 
of  Lisieux  holds  of  the  Bishop  of  Baieux,  Hachesham,  which  Brixi  held  of  King  Edward. 
It  was  then  assessed  at  3  hides,  as  it  now  is.  The  arable  land  amounts  to  3  carucates. 
There  are  nine  villains,  and  three  bordars,  with  3  carucates ;  and  there  are  6  acres  of  meadow. 
The  wood  yields  three  swine  :  from  the  time  of  King  Edward  it  has  been  valued  at  40s." 

Philipot,  in  his  "Villare  Cantianum,"  says  that  this  manor  was  formerly  considered  as 
a  part  of  Kent,  and  its  appropriation  to  either  county  was  a  matter  of  contest  until  1G36, 
when  it  was  decided  judicially  to  be  subject  to  assessments  as  belonging  to  Surrey.'"'  It 
is  given  in  Kelly's  "  Directory  of  the  Home  Counties  "  as  part  of  the  parish  of  St.  Paul's, 
Deptford,  and  in  the  coimty  of  Kent. 

In  a  retui'n  of  knights'  fees  made  to  the  Exchequer  in  the  reign  of  Henry  II.,  Gilbert 
de  Hachesham  accounted  for  four  knights'  fees  held  of  the  barony  of  Walchelin  Maminot. 
In  the  next  reign,  as  stated  in  the  Testa  de  Nevill,  two  knights'  fees  in  Hachesham  and 
Camerwcll  were  held  of  Humphrey  de  Bohun,  Earl  of  Hereford,  by  William  de  Say  and 
the  heirs  of  Eichard  de  Vabaduu.  Sarah,  daughter  and  heiress  of  Vabadun,  married 
Eogcr  de  Bavent,  who  in  46  Henry  III.  accounted  at  the  Exchequer  for  two  knights' 
fees  pertaining  to  the  barony  above  mentioned.  Adam  de  Bavent,  the  son  of  Eichard,  had 
a  grant  of  free-warren  here  in  1285,  and  shortly  after  he  alienated  a  portion  of  the  estate  to 
Gregory  de  Eokesley,  a  citizen  of  London,  who  had  been  Lord  Mayor  from  1275   to 

*  This  determination  was  made  on  the  j^etition  of  Mr.  Randolph  Crew,  a  London  merchant,  probably  lessee  of  this 
manor  and  on  the  levy  of  ship-money  he  was  taxed  for  his  property  here  by  the  assessors  of  both  counties.  He  did  net, 
like  Hampden,  qaiestion  the  legality  of  the  tax,  but  merely  objected  to  the  hardship  of  being  compelled  to  make  a  double 
payment,  and  petitioned  the  Lords  of  the  Council  for  redress,  when  the  case  being  referred  to  the  Judges  of  Assize  for 
Kent  and  Surrey,  they  in  1636  certified  the  Lords  that  the  petitioner's  manor  of  Hatcham  lay  in  Surrey,  and  not  in  Kent 


HATCHAM.  , 

1281,  and  was  Keeper  of  the  Eoyal  Exchequer,  and  Assay  Master  in  eliief  of  tho  iMiglish 
Mints. 

That  part  of  the  estate  -which  Eavcnt  had  retained  was  known  as  Ilatcliam-Bavant,  or 
Hatcham-Barncs,  and  was  conveyed  by  Sir  Eoger  do  Bavcnt  to  Edward  III.,  who  founded 
a  convent  at  Dartford,  in  Kent.  Among  its  endowments  was  "  the  manor  of  Ilecchesham,'' 
with  its  appurtenances  in  Kent  and  Surrey. 

After  the  dissolution  of  the  convent  this  manor  remained  vested  in  the  Crown  until  the 
time  of  Philip  and  Mary,  when  it  was  assigned  with  other  estates,  for  her  life,  to  Ann, 
widow  of  Edward  Sej-mour,  Duke  of  Somerset.  James  I.,  in  IGIO,  granted  the  manor  of 
Ilatcham-Barnes  and  the  lands,  &c.,  in  "West  Greenwich  and  Lewisham,  in  the  counties 
of  Kent  and  Surrey,  with  the  perquisites  of  courts  formerly  belonging  to  the  monastery  of 
Dartford,  to  George  Salter  and  John  "William?.  They  sold  the  estate  to  Peter  Vanlore,  and 
he  to  a  person  named  Brookes,  by  whom  it  was  conveyed  to  Sir  John  Gerrard  and 
Sir  Thomas  Lowe,  aldermen  of  London,  Kobert  Oj63.ey  and  Martin  Bond,  citizens  and 
haberdashers,  in  trust  for  the  foundation  and  support  of  an  almshouse  and  free  grammar 
school  at  Monmouth,  uudor  the  will  of  "William  Jones,  a  Hamburg  merchant,  who  died 
in  1G15. 

Gregory  de  Eokeslcy,  Avho  had  acquired  a  part  of  Bavent's  estate  (as  recorded  above), 
obtained  a  faculty,  in  1285,  from  the  Abbot  of  Begham,  for  an  oratory  which  he  had 
erected  for  himself  and  family  at  Hechesham,  in  the  parish  of  "West  Greenwich  or 
Doptford,  belonging  to  the  abbot.  Eokeslcy  died  in  1292-3  ;  and  Eoger  Busslep,  who 
may  have  been  his  heir,  sold  or  mortgaged  this  estate  to  Eobert  Burnell,  Bishop  of  Bath 
and  "Wells.  On  the  Bishop's  death  in  1292,  an  extent  was  taken  both  of  this  and  the  manor 
of  Ilatcham-Barnes,  from  which  it  appears  that  here  were  a  capital  messuage,  garden,  and 
fish-pond,  with  lands  and  rents  of  assize,  valued  altogether  at  £G  Os.  2id.  The  Bishop's 
claim  on  the  estates  descended  to  his  nephew,  Philip  Burnell,  who  died  seized  in  22 
Edward  I.,  and  this  estate  became  vested  in  his  heirs.  His  son  Edward  dying  withoiit  male 
issue  in  131G,  the  inheritance  devolved  on  his  daughter  Maud,  who  married,  first,  "William, 
Lord  Level,  and  afterwards  John  de  Handle.  The  descendants  of  the  latter  succeeded  to 
the  possession  of  the  Burnell  estates  under  a  settlement ;  but,  on  the  failure  of  male  heirs  of 
that  family,  those  estates  reverted  to  'William,  Lord  Lovel,  who,  however,  in  1442  trans- 
ferred Hechesham  to  Walter,  Lord  Hungerford,  and  his  son,  Sir  Edmund  Huugerford, 
who  had  married  a  coheiress  of  the  Burnell  family. 

The  subsequent  descent  of  this  estate  is  uncertain ;  but  it  may  possibly  have  passed 
by  the  marriage  of  an  heiress  from  the  Hungerfords  to  the  family  of  Hastings,  as  there  is 


6  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

a  building  between  Camberwell  and  Stockwell,  called  Lougbborough  House,  -wbicb  may 
have  been  founded  by  Edward  Hastings,  created  Baron  Lougbborough  by  Queen  Eliza- 
beth in  1558,  or  by  Henry  Hastings,  who  obtained  the  same  barony  from  Charles  I.  in 

1643,  but  neither  of  whom  left  heii-s  to  continue  the  title.    In  1749 Cowper  and  his  wife 

levied  a  fine  to  Gordon  of  one-third  of  the  manor  of  Little  Hatcham,  in  Peckham, 
Camberwell,  &c.,  which  possibly  has  reference  to  that  part  of  the  Bm-nell  estate  now 
under  notice.  The  name  of  Lord  Loughborough  is  stiU  retained  in  this  neighbourhood  by 
Loughborough  Eoad,  and  also  by  Loughborough  Park,  a  rapidly  increasing  district. 

Lysons,  writing  about  1790,  informs  us  that  the  manor  of  Hatcham  was  reduced  to  a 
single  house.  This  is  incorrect,  as  evinced  by  several  long  leases  granted  under  the 
authority  of  the  Coiu-t  of  Chancery  in  1763,  1767,  and  1778. 

Hatcham  is  situated  about  three  miles  from  London  Bridge,  on  the  Old  Kent  Eoad, 
and  near  New  Cross.  It  was  at  one  time  pai-t  and  parcel  of  the  parish  of  St.  Paul. 
Deptford,  but,  pursuant  to  an  Act  of  Parliament,  it  has  been  created  a  distinct  parish, 
called  Hatcham  New  Town.  The  chm'ch,  a  large  and  lofty  Gothic  edifice  dedicated  to 
St.  James,  was  commenced  about  the  year  1845,  at  which  time  the  Eev.  A.  K.  B.  GranviUe 
was  appointed  its  first  incumbent. 

Having  thus  narrated  the  more  important  circumstances  associated  with  the  descent  of 
the  different  manors  of  Camberwell,  we  proceed  to  a  description  of  its  local  features,  the 
general  characters  of  which  have  in  recent  years  been  completely  changed  by  the  exten- 
sion of  buildings  and  advance  of  population. 

Cambekwell  now  partakes  of  the  business  and  bustle  of  the  metropolis,  very  much 
of  its  ancient  pastures  and  garden  grounds  having  been  absorbed  by  new  streets  and 
buildings.  About  1766  the  then  village  was  described  as  of  "  rather  a  straggling  form, 
but  with  many  good  buildings  in  it,  inhabited  by  the  gentry  and  citizens  of  London." 
The  number  of  houses  within  the  parish  was  then  only  800  ;  but  since  that  time  new 
streets  have  been  built  in  all  directions,  especially  within  the  last  few  years,  so  that 
the  population  may  now  be  given  as  about  115,000  souls.  The  whole  northern  part 
of  the  parish,  and  indeed  the  adjacent  disti-ict  as  far  as  the  river  Thames,  is  almost  an 
unvaried  level ;  but  towards  the  soiith-east  and  south  the  hills,  rising  in  gentle  yet 
undulating  slopes,  sweep  round  in  a  semicircular  direction,  and  partially  enclose  the  valley 
in  which  the  more  crowded  parts  of  Camberwell  and  Peckham  are  situated. 

Independently  of  several  Dissenting  chapels,  Camberwell  contains  the  following 
churches: — St.  Giles's,  St.  George's,  Christ  Church,  St.  Mary  Magdalene's,  Emmanuel 


CAMBERWELL.  7 

Clnircli.  Camdou  Clixu-cli,  St.  James's,  St.  Liiko's.  All  Saiuts",  aud  St.  Philip's ;  St.  raul's 
and  St.  Saviour's,  Herno  Hill ;  aud  St.  [Matthew's,  Denmark  Hill.  There  are  also  chapels- 
of-case  at  East  Dulwich  aud  reckham. 

ArvoAvsox,  c^e. — lu  11-34  the  beuefice  of  Caniberwell  was  given  by  William  de 
Mcllcnt,  Eaii  of  Gloucester,  '•  to  God,  aud  the  monks  of  St.  Saviour,  Bermoudseve  ;  "  aud 
the  grant  was  confirmed  by  Henry  II.  in  11-59.  Notwithstanding  this,  the  descend;mts 
of  the  Eai-1  contested  the  patronage  until  32  Henry  III.,  wheu  Eiehard  de  Clare, 
great-grandson  to  the  above  William,  levied  a  fine  and  released  all  further  claim  to 
Ymberton,  the  prior,  and  the  convent  of  Bermondsey.  In  1346,  as  appears  from  the 
Eegister  of  Bishop  Edintou,  a  commission  was  issued  for  reconciling  the  church  of 
Camberwell,  the  same  having  '•  been  polluted  by  bloodshed."  but  in  what  mauuer  is  not 
stated.  After  the  dissolution  of  the  monasteries  the  advowsou  was  grouted  by  the  Crown 
to  Thomas  and  Mai-gai-et  Calton,  together  with  the  manor  of  Dulwieh ;  but  in  1  Charles  L 
both  the  rector}-  (now  a  lay  impropriation)  and  tlie  advowson  of  Camberwell  had  become 
the  property  of  Sir  Edward  Bowyer,  Kut.  From  his  fomily  the  patronage  was  conveyed, 
^vith  a  part  of  the  manorial  estate,  under  difierent  marriages,  to  the  Windhams  aud  Smijths 
\i:ide  vol.  ii.  p.  357);  and  subsequently  the  advowson  was  conveyed  by  the  Eev.  Sii"  Edward 
Bowyer  Smijth,  Bart.,  to  the  Kev.  John  George  Storie,  M.A.,  late  Yicai-  of  Camberwell.  It 
was  afterwards  in  the  hands  of  Kelleys,  and  is  now  vested  in  trustees. 

This  is  a  vicarage  in  the  deanery  of  Southwark.  In  the  Yalor  of  20  Edward  I.  the 
vicarage  appears  rated  at  10  marks,  the  rectory  at  24  marks :  the  former  in  the  King's 
books  is  valued  at  £20  per  annum,  paying  2s.  Id.  for  synodals.  Uuder  the  Tithe  Commu- 
tation Act  the  annual  rent-charge  for  the  rectorial  tithes  was  fixed  at  £83,  and  that  for 
the  vicai-ial  tithes  at  £1,100.  The  number  of  tithable  acres  within  this  parish  was  thus 
estimated :— Arable  land,  402  .  0  .  39  ;  metidows,  2,199  .  0  .  28 ;  woodland,  198  .  1  .  20  ; 
commons,  bb  ;  market  gardens,  420  .  0  .  36  ;  gardens,  887  .  0  .  30  ;  roads.  159  .  0  .  20  ; 
glebe,  20  .  3  .  20  ;  the  whole  amounting  to  4,342  acres  aud  39  poles. 

The  Registers  of  Camberwell  commence  in  1558,  but  the  originals  are  not  extant.  In 
the  oldest  Eegister  now  preserved  (a  correct  transcript),  this  entry,  in  old  English,  is 
inscribed  on  the  title-page  : — 

"(Ehis  ^fgisttr  Church  Sookcof  parthmrnttoas  cngrosstb  ani  torittcn  out  of  thrtt  olic  iicgiatrr  paper  boofcts, 
ani  inakcth  nuntoon  of  all  marr.igca,  thristcnings,  anb  hnrialla  U'ithin  the  parrishc  of  iL'ambtrliicll,  in  the  ConntPt 
of  ^urrtn  from  s«  rtarc  of  our  Sorb  (Sob,  155S,  nntill  this  present  ijere  of  our  ^orb  Cob,  lo02  ;  anb  in  the  fube 
anb  fortith  uerc  of  »«  raignc  of  0^  most  gnitious  ^oberaigne  (Qnecnc  (fli^abcth. 

The  foUowiug  remarkable  instances  of  longevity  occiu-  in  the  Eegister : — "  May  'b'b  .  5°. 
Eose,  wife  of  Wm.  Hathaway,  bur'd."     Between  this  and  the  next  entry  it  is  added  in 


8  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

another  hand,  "Aged  103,  who  boare  a  sonn  at  the  age  of  63."  Three  years  afterwards 
the  interment  of  the  husband  of  Eose  is  thus  entered: — "3  October,  1661.  Do'  die, 
"Wm.  Hathaway  buried." — "Aged  103 — 5." — "  Mary  Dickinson,  aged  above  ninety-nine 
years,  buried  in  1702." — "Elizabeth  Jones,  aged  125,  buried  in  1775."  * 

The  following  additional  instances  of  great  age  connected  with  this  parish  are  given  in 
Allport's  "  Collections :  "—Mrs.  Weldyn,  of  Camberwell,  died  in  1778,  aged  106 ;  Mr. 
Eamsay,  of  Peckham,  died  in  1769,  aged  105;  Elizabeth  Horsier,  widow,  died  in  1821,  in 
the  parish  workhouse,  aged  105;  Mrs.  Campion,  aged  105;  Sarah,  widow  of  Mr.  Latham 
Brickwood,  died  in  1837,  aged  105,  having  survived  her  husband  63  years;  Elizabeth 
Claxton,  "who  bore  a  daughter  at  the  age  of  sixty,"  and  died  in  1822,  aged  103; 
Leonard  Nelson,  aged  103  ;  Mrs.  Toite,  of  Camberwell,  died  in  1767,  aged  102 ;  John 
Henniker,  of  Camberwell,  died  in  1788,  aged  101 ;  Elizabeth  Arnutt,  died  in  1710, 
aged  99. 

In  1684  the  names  of  three  young  persons,  aged  respectively  eighteen  years,  nine 
years,  and  one  year,  are  entered  in  the  Eegister  as  having  been  touched  as  it  is  called,  at 
Camberwell,  for  the  king's  evil.  Mr.  AUjDort  conjectures  that  the  "royal  touch  "  (then 
and  even  much  later  regarded  as  an  effectual  cm'e  for  scrofulous  disorders)  was 
administered  at  Sir  Thomas  Bond's  {vide  vol.  ii.  p.  360),  where  Charles  II.  is  said  to 
have  been  an  occasional  visitor.f  On  June  2,  1687,  occurs  this  entry: — "King  and 
quen  of  Jepsies.     Eobt.  Hern  and  Elezbeth  Bozwell,  marid." 

"The  CoUecc'on  for  Tenths  1604  delyv'de  to  Mr.  Eoger  Coole  the  23  of  May,  by 
Will'm  Fell  and  Jhon  Peare,  Churchwardens,"  records  the  principal  residents  at  Camber- 
well at  the  beginning  of  the  reign  of  James  I. : — "  S'  Edmond  Bowyer  viij' — S''  Thomas 
Gardin'^  ij' — S"^  Thomas  Grymes  iij' — S'  Thomas  Hunt  iij^ — Edward  Wilson,  vicar  iij' — 
Captayn  Turn"' pro  toto  a"  x' — Mr.  Muschamp  xviij"^;"  and  then,  among  others,  "Mr. 
Swingfeld  ij^ — Mr.  Cesar  vj*^-" 

Among  the  entries  of  marriage  are  the  following: — "1622,  Dec.  3.  Edw.  Allen,  Esq. 
to  Mrs.  Constance  Donn."  This  was  the  founder  of  Dulwich  College,  and  his  second  wife, 
one  of  the  daughters  of  the  celebrated  Dr.  Donne,  Dean  of  St.  Paul's. 

*  Lysons,  "  Environs,"  vol.  i.  p.  83.  In  the  St.  James's  Chronicle,  in  May,  1775,  appeared  an  account  of  tliis 
woman,  in  whicli  it  was  said  that  she  retained  her  facilities  perfectly,  that  she  remembered  being  at  service  when 
Charles  II.  was  crowned,  and  that  the  nurse  who  attended  her  in  Camberwell  workhouse  was  101  years  of  age. 

t  The  spirit  of  "  the  Merrie  Monarch,"  Mr.  AUport  remarks,  "  and  his  licentious  court,  seems  about  this  time  to 
have  betrayed  even  the  grave  old  registrar  of  Camberwell  from  his  propriety,  for  he  has  introduced  into  this  part  of 
the  lugubrious  record,  a  variety  of  sketches  which  would  do  no  discredit  to  the  crow-quill  of  George  Cruikshank. 
The  capitals  are  graced  mth  flourishes  of  every  kind,— faces  Uvely  and  .severe,  clouds  and  cherubim,  hearts  and  darts,— 
and,  in  one  instance,  the  solemn  bird  of  night  is  figured  in  the  act  of  smoking  a  pipe  with  all  becorjuig  gravity."— 
Collections,  &c.  p.  79. 


CAMBERWELL.  g 

"  1627,  Mar.  27.     John  Donne  &  Mary  Staples."     This  John  was  the  eklest  son  of  the 
Dean. 

Rectors  of  Camberwell  in  and  since  1800  :— 

1.  —  George  Sandhy,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1795. 
2. — Edward  Boivijer  Smij'th,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1811. 
3. — John  George  Storie,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1823. 
4. — James  Williams^  M.A.     Instituted  in  1846. 

St.  Giles's,  the  mother  church  of  Camberwell,  was  most  probably  founded  in  the 
Anglo-Saxon  age,  as  it  is  noticed  in  the  Doomsday  Book.  It  is  supposed  to  have  been 
rebuilt  about  the  middle  of  the  twelfth  century,  and  was  given  by  William,  Earl  of 
Gloucester,  to  the  priory  of  Bermondsey,  Lysons  conceived  that  it  was  again  rebuilt 
"  towards  the  beginning  of  the  reign  of  Henry  YIII.  ; "  but  the  architectural  charac- 
teristics of  the  old  portions  of  the  late  structure  denoted  an  earlier  period  by  at  least  half  a 
century :  this  was  particularly  observable  both  in  respect  to  the  tower  and  to  the  semi- 
hexagon  apsis  forming  the  east  end  of  the  chancel.  Considerable  alterations  and  enlarge- 
ments were  subsequently  made  down  to  1838;  but  however  necessary  those  works  might 
have  been  for  the  accommodation  of  the  parishioners,  they  were  subversive  of  the 
symmetry  and  proportions  of  the  buildiug.  At  length  a  more  ruthless  enemy  than  even 
tastelcssncss  or  architectural  insipidity  completed  the  demolition  of  the  fabric.  In  1841 
the  church  was  dcstroj'cd  by  fire.  Scarcely  any  part  remained  but  the  bare  walls  :  the 
monuments,  and  even  the  bells,  were  destroyed. 

Among  the  monuments  were  many  relating  to  the  old  families  formerly  resident  at 
Camberwell  and  Peckham ;  namely,  Scott,  Skynner,  Muschamp,  Bowycr,  Dove,  Draper, 
Stacy,  &c.  There  were  also  various  brasses,  of  which  two  or  three  have  been  preserved 
and  placed  in  the  robing-room  in  the  new  church. 

The  north  aisle,  regarded  as  the  most  ancient  part  of  the  old  structure,  was  dedicated 
to  St.  Nicholas;  and  Eichard  Skynner,  interred  in  the  chancel,  by  his  will  dated  in  1492, 
bequeathed  the  sum  of  8d.  for  a  light  to  bum  there  before  the  image  of  the  saint :  he  also 
gave  12d.  for  another  light  to  be  placed  before  the  image  of  the  Virgin  Mary  in  the  south 
aisle. 

This  was  the  bui-ial-place  of  the  Muschamps  of  Peckham,  whose  common  ancestor  is 
named  in  the  EoU  of  Battle  Abbey  among  the  warriors  who  accompanied  William  the 
Norman  when  he  invaded  England.  The  eastern  window  of  this  aisle  had  been  curiousl)' 
ornamented  with  stained  glass,  including  many  small  portraits  of  the  Muschamp  family, 

VOL.   III.  c 


10  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

together  -with,  tkeir  arms  and  alliances.  In  Aubrey's  time,  in  opposite  compartments, 
were  the  figures  of  a  man  and  woman,  each  kneeling  at  a  faldstool,  Avith  smaller 
figures  of  ten  sons,  in  gowns,  behind  the  former,  and  ten  daughters  behind  the  latter. 
There  were  likewise  supplicatory  inscriptions  connected  with  the  names — Sffiliirmi 
ilTiuscljnmp,  avmigcri,  et  Agnetis  uxoris  eius,  &e. — and  the  dates,  1520  and  1528.* 

Near  the  north-east  corner  of  this  aisle  was  a  mural  monument  commemorative  of  a 
female  descendant  of  the  above,  namely,  Jane,  daughter  and  coheiress  of  Thomas  Muschamp, 
Esq.,  and  wife  of  Sir  Thos.  Hunt,  of  Ijambeth-Deue,  Knt. ;  but  she  had  been  previously 
married  to  Thos.  Grymes,  "cittizen  and  habberdasher,"  of  London  and  Peckham,  who 
died  about  1590,  and  whose  son  (of  the  same  name)  was  afterwards  knighted,  and  made  a 
Justice  of  Peace  for  this  county.  She  was  represented  by  a  small  kneeling  figure  within 
a  recessed  arch,  surrounded  by  a  square  ornamental  framework.  At  the  top  were  the 
arms  of  Hunt — Per  pale,  arg.  and  sal.  a  saltire  counterchanged :  bn  a  canton  of  the 
second,  a  lion  passant,  guardant,  of  the  first.  At  the  bottom  was  an  inscription  in  verse 
referring  to  the  deceased  as  "a  fruitful  branch  from  Muschamp's  stock:"  she  died  in 
1G04. 

The  south  aisle  became  the  burial-place  of  the  Scotts,  of  whom  there  were  several 
memorials,  the  earliest  being  a  large  greystone  slab,  inlaid  with  a  full-length  brass  of  a 
knight  in  armour,  the  inscription  beneath  which  commemorated  Edward  Scott,  who  died 
in  1538 ;  yet  the  style  of  the  armour  was  of  a  much  earlier  date.f 

Against  the  adjacent  wall  was  afiixed  a  handsome  monument,  displaying  the  kneeling 
effigies  of  John  Scott  the  younger,  "son  and  heir  of  John  Scott,  one  of  the  Barons  of  the 
Exchequer ; "  Bartholomew  Scott,  Esq.,  "  a  valiant,  wise,  and  religious  gentleman,"  fifth 
son  of  the  former;  and  Margaret  (widow  of  Wm.  Gardiner,  Esq.),  the  third  wife  of 
Bartholomew,  "who,  at  her  owne  cost,  erected  this  Tombe  to  the  happi  Memorie  of  hei 
beloved."  The  first  wife,  according  to  the  inscription  of  Bartholomew  Scott,  who  died 
in  IGOO,  "was  Maeg:  te  "Wido:  op  the  eight  eeveke'd  Peel:  and  Maette  Tho: 
CEA>fMEE,  Aech.  Bish:  oe  Canteebtjeie."  On  sis  small  shields  in  front  were  tho 
armorial  bearings  of  Scott,  viz. — Arcj.  on  a  fess  sah.  three  boars'  heads,  couped,  or ;  and 

*  For  a  more  particiilar  description  of  this  window  the  reader  may  refer  to  Lysons's  "  Environs,"  vol.  i.  pp.  73,  74, 
and  Allport's  "  Collections,"  pp.  151—165,  the  latter  including  many  notices  of  the  Muschamps  and  their  alliances.  The 
vault  under  the  aisle,  foiming  the  bm-ial-place  of  this  family,  as  well  as  of  the  subsequent  lords  of  the  Peckham  estate, 
was,  Mr.  Allport  says,  "  until  recently,  entered  by  displacing  a  slab  in  the  exterior  buttress,  wliich,  on  the  demolition  of 
the  church,  was  found  to  conmiunicate  also,  by  a  stone  staircase  built  mthin  the  buttress,  with  an  upper  gallery,  leading 
possibly  across  the  chapel  to  the  old  rood-loft." 

t  An  engraving  of  this  figure,  and  also  engravings  of  Bartholomew  Scott's,  Lady  Hunt's,  and  other  memorials, 
including  the  ancient  brasses,  are  given  in  Allport's  "  Collections." 


CAMBERWELL.  u 

also  those  of  BckcMcll,  Brctyngliurst,  Wclbcck,  Skynncr,  and  Eobins :  the  samo  bearings 
were  marshalled  on  a  single  shield  surmounting  the  entablature. 

Here,  likeAvise,  was  "a  fair  monument,"  as  Aubrey  describes  it,  in  memory  of  Sir 
Peter  Scott,  Knt.,  who  died  in  1G22.  Among  the  other  memorials  was  a  long  inscription, 
in  Latin,  for  Peter  Scott,  LL.D.,  Canon  of  Windsor,  and  his  wife  Margaret,  daughter  of 
Sir  "William  Bowles,  and  grand-daughter  of  the  celebrated  Dr.  Donne — she  died  in 
1641 ;  another,  in  memory  of  Eobert  Waitli,  gent.,  Paymaster  of  the  Navy,  who  died  in 
16S5;  an  elegant  monument  of  white  marble,  by  Flaxman,  representing  "a  Scholar 
mourning  over  the  tomb  of  a  beloved  Master,"  and  thus  inscribed — "  M.S.  ISI'iciiolai 
Wanosteocht,  LL.D.  Obit  19  iN'ovem.  1812,  iEtat.  06.  Discipuli  ejus  mocrcntes  hoc 
monumentum  posuere ;  "  and  a  handsome  tablet,  with  a  long  eulogistic  epitaph,  com- 
memorative of  Charles  Hamond,  Esq.,  "a  merchant  of  London,"  who  died  in  1807. 

In  the  chancel,  on  the  north  side,  had  been  an  altar  tomb,  inlaid  with  brasses  (of  which 
Lysons  has  given  an  etching),  of  John  Scott,  Esq.,  a  Paron  of  the  Exchequer  under 
Henry  VIIL,  and  his  wife  Elizabeth :  the  former  died  in  1532.  Both  were  represented 
kneeling  at  faldstools,  on  which  were  open  missals ;  behind  them  were  smaller  brasses  of 
four  sons  and  seven  daughters ;  and  above  were  two  shields,  which,  fully  blazoned,  would 
be  thus : — 

1st.  Quarterlj^,  1st  and  4th,  arg.  on  a  fess  sah.  three  boars'  heads,  couped,  or — Scott.  2nd  and  3itl,  «;■.  on  a  fess 
dancette,  arg.  three  martlets,  gu. — Brety7ighurst.  2nd.  The  same  quarterings,  imp.  gu. ;  three  crossbows, 
erect,  arg. — Shjnner. 

Here  also  were  several  memorials  of  the  Bowyers,  and  of  the  Smijths  and  Windhams, 
who  succeeded  to  their  estates  in  this  parish.  Sir  Edmund  Bowyer  the  elder  was 
interred  in  the  chancel  in  1626 ;  and  against  the  south  wall  was  a  handsome  monument  in 
memory  of  his  son,  Sir  Edmund  the  younger,  and  his  wife  Hester,  daughter  of  Sir 
Anthony  Aucher,  Knt.,  of  Bourne  Place,  in  Kent,  whose  family  was  much  distinguished 
for  the  beauty  of  its  females.  Sir  Edmund  died  in  1681,  and  his  lady  ia  1665  :  of  the 
latter  the  inscription  said,  "There  was  a  happy  sympathy  betwixt  the  vertues  of  the 
soul  and  the  beauty  of  the  body  of  this  excellent  deceased  person :  she  lived  a  holy  life, 
and  died  the  death  of  the  righteous."  *  A  neat  tablet  recorded  the  interment  of  Dame 
Ann  Yernon,  wife  of  Sir  Eobert  Vernon,  Knt.,  Clerk  of  the  Green-cloth  to  Charles  I. :  she 
died  in  1627.  Another  tablet  was  inscribed  for  Captain  Charles  Smijth,  E.N.,  of  Hill 
Hal],  Essex  (a  lineal  descendant  of  Sir  Thomas  Smijth,  Knt.,  Secretary  of  State  under 
Queen  Elizabeth),  buried  here  in  1792. 

*  In  the  valuable  collection  of  portraits  by  Cornelius  Jansen  and  others,  at  St.  Alban's  Court  (the  seat  of  the 
Hammonds),  in  Kent,  is  a  fine  picture  of  Lady  Bowyer,  who,  from  her  exquisite  beauty,  was  called  the  Star  of  the  East. 

c2 


,2  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

Almost  immediately  after  the  fire  proceedings  were  undertaken  for  the  erection  of  a 
new  church  sufficiently  large  to  accommodate  2,000  persons.  The  first  stone  was  laid  in 
1843,  and  the  edifice  was  consecrated  by  the  Bishop  of  Winchester  in  1844.  In  its 
design  this  handsome  edifice  is  a  composition  based  on  the  transition  style  of  the  latter 
half  of  the  thirteenth  century,  when  the  early  English  pointed  architecture  was  advancing 
into  the  decorated  style.  The  ground-plan  is  cruciform  :  the  structure  consists  principally 
of  nave  and  aisles,  a  transept  and  a  chancel,  and  at  the  intersection  rises  a  square  tower, 
surmounted  by  an  octagonal  spire  of  an  ornamental  character.* 

The  mass  of  the  walls  is  constructed  of  Kentish  ragstone  mixed  with  materials  from 
the  old  church,  and  the  exterior  is  faced  with  hammer-dressed  stone  from  Yorkshire,  with 
dressings  of  Caen  stone,  the  relief  arising  from  the  difference  of  colour  in  these  materials 
giving  a  pleasing  effect  to  the  whole.  The  roofs,  of  a  high  pitch,  are  covered  with  slab 
slates,  which  have  the  same  general  effect  as  lead.  The  buttresses  and  other  projections 
arc  bold  and  massive,  and  the  ornamental  details  of  the  doors,  windows,  &c.,  though 
simple  in  themselves,  display  considerable  variety.-}"  There  is  an  entrance  at  the  west 
end,  and  also  from  a  north  and  south  porch,  the  former  being  the  most  enriched,  and  having 
the  arms  of  the  then  vicar  sculptured  on  the  boss  at  the  intersection  of  its  groined  roof. 
The  nave  is  separated  from  the  aisles  by  five  high-pointed  arches  on  each  side,  springing 
alternately  from  octagonal  and  cii-cular  columns,  the  capitals  of  which  are  ornamented  with 
sculptui'ed  foliage.  The  weatherings  rest  on  corbel  heads,  and  the  timber  framework  of 
the  roof  is  also  supported  by  stone  corbels.  On  each  side  of  the  nave  is  a  large  gallery, 
partly  sustained  by  brackets,  and  partly  by  clustered  columns  of  cast  iron.  The  gallery 
fronts  are  pierced  by  a  series  of  pointed  arches,  springing  from  small  shafts.  The  large 
west  window  exhibits  a  threefold  division  of  trefoil-headed  lights,  enriched  with  ancient 
stained  glass  brought  from  Cologne,  with  small  cu-cular  lights,  &c.,  above,  extending  to 
the  apex. 

At  the  intersection  of  the  nave  and  transept  are  four  high-pointed  arches,  sustained  by 
clustered  columns  of  massive  stonework:  these  support  the  tower  and  spire,  the  space 
beneath  which  is  also  groiaed  with  stone.  In  the  northern  division  of  the  transept  is 
placed   a  very   fine-toned   organ   by   Bishop.      The   southern   division   is   occupied   by 

*  Tlioiigh  the  spire  rises  to  the  height  of  207  feet  from  the  ground,  it  is  scarcely  lofty  enough  to  harmonize  mth  the 
general  elevation  of  the  building.  No  hlame,  however,  attaches  to  the  architects  in  that  respect,  as  it  was  originally 
designed  to  have  been  225  feet  high ;  but  the  reduced  funds  involved  curtailment,  and  the  charge  of  erecting  the  spire  was 
chiefly  defrayed  by  subscription.  The  principal  admeasurements  are  nearly  as  follow  : — Extreme  length  of  the  church, 
153  feet ;  extent  of  transept,  87  feet ;  length  of  nave,  80  feet  ;  width  of  the  nave  and  aisles,  65  feet ;  length  of  chancel, 
42  feet ;  width  of  ditto,  28  feet ;  square  of  tower  above  the  roof,  30  feet. 

t  Viii  Gentleman's  Magazine,  vol.  xxiii.  p.  75,  January,  1845. 


CAMBERWELL.  ,3 

seats ;  aud  the  large  south,  wiudow  is  filled  with  brilliantly  staiucd  glass  of  a  mosaic 
character,  in  which  small  figui-es  are  introduced  of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul.  The  eastern 
window  in  this  part  is  also  embellished  with  small  figures  of  Moses  and  our  Saviour  in 
adjoining  compartments.  Beneath  the  former  is  inscribed,  in  old  characters,  the  following 
text  from  Deuteronomy  (xviii.  15): — "The  Lord  thy  God  will  raise  up  a  Prophet 
of  thy  Brethren,  like  unto  me.  Unto  him  shall  ye  Hearken."  Under  the  Saviour,  from 
the  Gospel  of  St.  Matthew  (v.  17),  are  the  words,  "  Think  not  that  I  am  come 
to  destroy  the  Law,  or  the  Prophets :  I  am  not  come  to  destroy,  but  to  fulfil."  At  the 
bottom,  *'  In  a  vault  beneath  this  window  is  the  burying-place  of  Matthew  Eobinson,  of 
Dulwich,  Esq.,  and  in  memory  of  him,  aud  of  his  family  there  buried,  this  painted  window 
was  erected  by  his  son,  Augustus  Eobinson,  a.d.  1844." 

Arms : — 1st  shield,  or,  on  a  chev.  gu.  three  cinquefoils  of  the  first,  betw.  three  harts  trippant,  vtrt — Eobinson  ; 
imp.  sab.  tliree  bars  enn.  on  a  canton  arg.  a  lion  rampant,  az.  2nd  shield — Robinson,  as  before,  imp.  arg. 
betw.  three  kingfishers  proper,  on  a  fess  wavy,  vert,  three  fountains. 

Much  elegance  is  displayed  in  the  arrangements  and  fittings  of  the  chancel.  On  each 
side  are  three  pointed  windows,  each  consisting  of  two  trefoil-headed  lights,  with  quatre- 
foils,  &c.,  above  ;  and  at  the  east  end  is  a  large  high-pointed  window  enriched  with  painted 
glass.  This  window  consists  in  the  lower  part  of  five  lanee-like  divisions,  and  in  the 
upper,  extending  to  the  apex,  of  five  cinquefoil  and  several  smaller  segmental  lights,  those 
nearest  the  heading  being  enclosed  within  a  large  circle.  In  respect  to  the  decorations,  the 
entu-e  composition  is  of  a  mediaeval  character,  in  which  "  a  statuesque  simplicity  and 
severity,  approaching  to  rudeness  of  design,  have  generally  been  aimed  at,  in  preference  to 
the  ornate  and  elaborate  graces  of  a  more  pictorial  period  of  the  art." 

The  large  central  division  is  appropriated  to  the  illustration  of  our  Lord's  Nativity, 
Temptation,  Crucifixion,  Eesurrection,  and  Ascent  into  Heaven.  These  subjects,  the 
Eesurrection  excepted  (which  is  in  a  diamond),  are  depicted  within  quatrefoil  compart- 
ments, each  enclosed  by  a  circle,  and  the  surrounding  spandrels  include  allegorical  delinea- 
tions analogous  to  the  main  design.  In  the  three  triangular  segments  over  this  division 
are  small  figures  of  Jewish  kings  ;  and  within  the  adjacent  cinquefoils,  in  diamonds,  are 
represented  the  Baptism  of  Christ  and  the  Last  Supper,  the  surrounding  foils  being 
occupied  by  historical  and  symbolical  illustrations  of  each  subject.  The  "Woman  clothed 
with  the  Sun,  the  Binding  of  the  Dragon  for  a  thousand  years  (Ecvelation  xii.  and 
XX.),  and  the  Final  Judgment  are  delineated  in  the  thi-ee  cinquefoils  comprised  within  the 
great  circle  in  the  head  of  the  window,  the  foils  displaying  analogous  accessories.  In  the 
corresponding  spandrels  are  represented  the  Eising  of  the  Dead  to  Judgment,  the  Souls 


14  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

of  tlie  Blest  received   iuto   Heaven,   and   the    Spirits   of  tlie    Condemned    delivered   to 
Punishment.* 

The  communion-table  and  altar  screen  are  of  stone ;  the  latter,  elaborately  sculptured 
and  ornamented  in  the  pointed  style,  encloses  tables  of  the  commandments.  Lord's  prayer, 
and  creed  in  the  illuminated  characters  of  the  Middle  Age.  On  each  side  of  the  chancel  is 
a  series  of  oaken  stalls  for  choristers ;  and  the  floor  is  paved  with  encaustic  and  other  tiles, 
the  gift  of  the  late  Thomas  Garrett,  Esq.,  of  Heme  Hill,  who  also  presented  the  slabs 
of  porcelain  ornamenting  the  pulpit,  on  which  are  painted  the  figures  of  Christ  and  the 
four  evangelists.  The  pulpit  and  seats  in  the  area  of  the  church  are  of  oak,  and  the 
latter  are  all  open,  though  to  a  certain  extent  conventionally  appropriated :  there  are  no 
pews  properly  so  called.  The  font,  octagonal  and  of  an  elegant  character,  is  surrounded 
by  a  brass  railing. 

The  erection  of  this  chiirch  cost  about  £16,000;  the  various  furniture,  including  the 
organ,  bells,  clock,  altar  table  and  draperies,  font,  warming  apparatus,  &c.,  about  £3,000 
more,  which  was  raised  by  subscription.  The  entire  charge,  so  far  as  the  expenditure 
relates  to  the  building  and  fittings  of  the  church  itself,  amounted  to  nearly  £20,000. 

In  the  churchyard,  now  occupying  an  extensive  plot  of  ground  on  the  north  of  the 
church,  are  many  sarcophagi,  &c.,  commemorative  of  former  parishioners,  as  well  as 
numerous  humble  memorials  for  other  individuals.  "Want  of  space,  however,  precludes 
our  particularising  them  here.  Some  of  the  recent  inscriptions  have  been  given  in 
AUport's  "Collections,"  already  referred  to;  and  many  of  the  earlier  dates  are  noticed  in 
the  respective  works  of  Aubrey,  Lysons,  and  Manning  and  Bray. 

Camberwell  Feee  Grammar  School. — This  school  was  founded  under  the  sanction 
of  the  letters-patent  of  James  I.,  bearing  date  1615,  by  the  Eev.  Edward  Wilson,  clerk, 
Yicar  of  Camberwell  from  1577  to  1618.  The  endowment  consisted  of  7  acres  of  land 
adjoining  the  east  end  of  the  churchyard,  with  a  school-house  and  some  adjacent  tene- 
ments. The  governors  appointed  by  the  founder  were  the  patron,  vicar,  and  church- 
wardens of  Camberwell,  the  rectors  of  St.  Olave's,  Southwark,  Lambeth,  and  Newington 
Butts,  the  vicars  of  Carshalton,  and  the  masters  of  the  school,  together  with  seven 
gentlemen  of  Camberwell  and  its  vicinity.  On  the  occurrence  of  vacancies  through  the 
deaths  of  non-ofiicial  governors,  the  survivors  were  empowered  to  choose  new  coadjutors 
among  the  heirs  or  representatives  of  those  originally  nominated ;  but  it  appears  "  that 
these  lay-governors  are  lost  to  the  charity,  thi'ough  the  difficulty,  if  not  impossibility,  of 

*  For  minute  details  of  the  above  composition  the  reader  may  refer  to  a  small  tract  ■written  by  one  of  its  designers,  and 
entitled,  "  A  Description  of  the  Painted  Window  in  the  Chancel  of  St.  Giles's  Church,  Cambe^\^'ell." 


CAMBERWELL.  ,5 

finding  out  their  heirs."  *  The  governors  form  a  body  corponite,  having  a  common  seal, 
represented  by  the  subjoined  woodcut,  and  which  exhibits  the  master  seated,  baton  in 
hand,  with  his  scholars  standing  respectfully  around  him. 

It  was  ordained  that  the  master  shall  be  "  honest,  pious,  discreet,  sedulous,  fit  and 
learned,  and  a  Master  of  Arts,  who  can  make  Greek  and  Latin  verses ;  such  an  one  as  can 
discern  the  nature  and  disposition  of  every  child ;  careful,  diligent,  Aviscly  mixing  severity 
with  lenity,  and  using  means  to  cheer  up  the  scholars  and  not  to  dull  them, — if  such  an 
one  can  be  gotten ;  "  and  it  was  further  dii-ectcd  that  the  master  should  have  a  yearly 
salary  of  £10  diuing  the  life  of  the  founder,  and  after  his  decease  receive  the  rents  and 
profits  of  certain  messuages,  &c.,  and  be  allowed  to  take  an  unlimited  number  of  stipen- 
diary pupils,  in  addition  to  twelve  children,  the  sons  of  poor  inhabitants  of  the  parish,  and 
the  son  of  every  eldest  warden  of  Camberwell,  who  were  to  be  taught  Latin  and  Greek 
gratuitously.  It  was  likewise  ordered  that  the  master's  dues  should  be  paid  at  the  entrance 
of  every  scholar,  namely,  5s.  3d.  per  quarter,  towards  brooms 
and  rods,  and  in  the  week  after  Michaelmas  a  pound  of  good 
candles.  The  scholars  were  t&  devote  ten  hour*  a  day  to 
study  in  the  summer,  and  eight  in  the  winter ;  to  play  but 
once  a  week,  on  Thursday;  and  to  amuse  themselves  on 
half-holidays  by  learning  Calvin's  Catechism,  or  some  other, 
by  heart.  Shooting  with  a  long  bow^  chess,  running, 
wrestling,  and  leaping  were  the  sports  allowed. 

About  181G  the  instruction  of  the  free  scholars  in  Latin 
and  Greek,  long  discontinued,  was  resumed;   and  in  1821   the  governors  reduced   the 
period  of  study  to  five  houi-s  a  day,  and  agreed  that  the  scholars  should  be  taught  English, 
reading,  and  arithmetic,  as  well  as  the  learned  languages. f 

In  1824  the  governors  sold  and  conveyed  to  the  Charity  Commissioners  a  portion  of  the 
school  land  as  an  addition  to  the  churchyard  of  the  parish;  and  in  1842  an  information 
was  filed  in  the  Court  of  Chancery  against  the  governors  and  the  then  master  of  the  school 
with  respect  to  its  past  and  future  management.  In  consequence  of  these  proceedings,  in 
1845  the  school  was  pulled  down,  and  for  nearly  eighteen  years  its  site  was  let  out  for 
grazing  pui-poses.     In  1864  another  application  was  made  to  the  Charity  Commissioners, 

*  See  Rules  and  Regulations  of  the  Free  Grammar  School,  Camberwell,  1824. 

t  Among  the  few  persona  who  acquired  any  literary  eminence  under  the  old  r^jinw  at  this  seminary  was  James 
T3TTell,  eldest  son  of  Sir  Timothy  Tyrrell,  Knt,  and  Elizabeth  his  wife,  only  daughter  of  Archbishop  Usher.  In  1657 
he  was  admitted  a  gentleman  commoner  at  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  and  in  1663  was  created  M.A.  He  was  the 
author  of  a  Tohmiinous  History  of  England  and  also  of  other  works,  chiefly  relating  to  the  English  Constitution.  His  death 
occiirred  in  1718. 


1 6  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

under  the  Charitable  Trusts  Act,  on  behalf  of  certain  parishioners  of  Camberwell,  which 
resulted  in  the  whole  of  the  funds  of  the  charity  being  absorbed  by  the  official  trustees  of 
Charitable  Funds. 

St.  Geokge's  Chuech. — The  district  attached  to  this  church  forms  the  north  end  of 
Camberwell,  and  is  almost  equally  intersected  by  the  Surrey  Canal,  upon  the  southern 
bank  of  which  this  ediiice  is  situated.  The  first  stone  was  laid  in  1822,  by  Dr.  Tomline, 
Bishop  of  Winchester,  and  in  1824  the  church  was  consecrated.  This  church,  built 
from  the  designs  of  Francis  Bedford,  Esq.,  after  the  model  of  one  of  the  churches  in  Eome, 
is  in  the  Grecian  style,  and  has  a  steeple  rising  from  the  west  end  of  the  roof.  The  total 
cost  of  the  edifice  was  somewhat  more  than  £20,G00,  of  which  £5,000  was  contributed 


ST.    GEORGE  S  NATIONAL   SCHOOLS. 

by  the  Commissioners  for  Building  Churches  and  Chapels  under  the  Act  of  58  George  III. 
cap.  45,  and  the  remainder  by  a  rate  and  voluntary  subscriptions.* 

St.  George's  National  Schools.— These  schools  were  founded  in  1824,  and  were 
instituted  for  the  instruction  of  250  children  of  either  sex  in  conformity  to  the  principles 
of  the  Established  Church.  In  conseqiience  of  the  increased  population  of  the  neighbour- 
hood it  became  desirable  to  extend  the  plan ;   and,  the  resources  of  the  du'cctors  having 

*  By  another  Act  of  Parliament,  passed  in  59  Geo.  III.  cap.  154,  the  care  of  the  churches  towards  the  erection  of 
which  contributions  were  given  under  the  former  Act  was  vested  in  a  Select  Vestry,  to  be  appointed  for  each  new  district 
parish.  Very  soon  after  the  building  of  St.  George's  Church,  the  Select  Vestry,  by  their  own  authority,  made  a  rate  for 
its  maintenance,  which  was  resisted,  and  on  technical  grounds  declared  illegal.  A  second  rate  experienced  a  like  fate,  on 
similar  grounds.  A  tliird  rate  was  then  made  by  the  Select  Vestry,  which  was  again  resisted,  and  raised  the  important 
question,  whether  or  not  the  Select  Vestries  attached  to  churches  erected  under  the  above-mentioned  Acts  had  the  power 
to  make  rates  without  the  concurrence  of  the  inhabitants.  The  case  was  solemnly  argued  in  the  Court  of  King's  Bench  ; 
and  in  1831  its  judgment  was  pronounced  by  Lord  Tenterden,  and  decided  that  the  Acts  in  question  gave  no  such  power. 
This  decision  settled  the  law  upon  the  subject  for  the  entu-e  kingdom. 


CAMBERWELL.  17 

been  augmented  by  a  bequest  of  £500  made  by  Mr.  Josepli  "^Vard  iu  1835,  it  was 
agreed  tliat  a  new  school-liouse,  comprising  residences  for  tlie  master  and  mistress,  should 
be  erected  sufficiently  large  for  450  children.  With  this  object,  the  present  substantial 
structure,  Avhich  stands  near  the  church,  and  fronts  the  canal  at  the  cast  end  of  St. 
George's  Eoad,  was  erected  from  the  designs  of  Mr.  W.  G.  Colman,  architect,  the  first 
stone  having  been  laid  by  Henry  Kemble,  Esq.,  M.P.  for  East  Surrey,  in  1839,  and  the 
schools  were  opened  in  1840,  The  building  is  in  the  Elizabethan  style,  and  the  ground-plan 
nearly  resembles  the  initial  letter  E  of  the  name  of  "our  maiden  queen."  It  consists 
only  of  a  ground  floor,  except  in  the  gables,  which,  together  with  the  bay  windows  and  the 
chimney  shafts,  give  a  picturesque  character  to  the  whole.  In  front  of  the  central 
gable  is  a  shield,  displaying  a  St.  Andrew's  cross,  fancifully  ornamented  at  its  upper  ends 
with  a  crosier  and  a  crown — iu  allusion,  possibly,  to  the  union  of  Church  and  State. 
The  cost  of  this  edifice,  which  is  constructed  of  red  brick,  with  stone  dressings,  was  about 
£3,000,  which  was  chiefly  defrayed  by  voluntary  contributions. 

A  new  Infant  School  has  since  been  erected  in  this  parish ;  and  districts  have  been 
severed  and  churches  erected,  together  with  Mission  Eooms — St.  Philip's  in  the  Kent 
Eoad,  with  7,000  souls ;  and  St.  Luke's,  built  on  the  site  of  the  Old  Eosemary  Branch 
Field,  with  10,000  souls. 

Christ  Chuech. — The  district  attached  to  this  church  has  much  changed  since  1850, 
the  fields  and  market  gardens  having  been  covered  with  rows  of  small  houses.  The 
population,  formerly  of  the  well-to-do  order,  is  now  composed  of  the  lower  middle  or 
poorer  classes,  and  numbers  about  13,000  or  14,000.  The  works  of  the  South  Metropolitan 
Gas  Company  have  enormously  increased  in  recent  years.  Ten  years  ago,  on  account 
of  their  close  proximity  and  growth,  Christ  Church,  erected  in  1838,  had  to  be  removed. 
The  edifice  and  site  were  purchased  by  the  Gas  Company,  and  the  materials  were  used  in 
their  buildings.  With  £6,000  from  the  company  and  various  contributions,  another  Christ 
Church  was  erected  iu  Old  Kent  Eoad,  and  consecrated  July  1st,  1868.  It  is  a  large  and 
lofty  structure,  the  reverse  of  handsome,  having  poor  windows  and  a  peculiar  tower.  It 
was  constructed  to  seat  1,260  persons,  including  children. 

A  large  Eoman  Catholic  Church,  with  priest's  house,  was  erected  in  this  parish  in  or 
about  1854. 

In  this  district,  at  New  Peckham,  at  a  short  distance  southward  from  the  Old  Kent 

Eoad,  is  the  Licensed  Victuallers'  Asylum,  founded  in  the  early  part  of  1827.      It 

consists  of  a  long  range  of  brick  buildings,  two  stories  in  height,  having  similar  wings 

projecting  at  right  angles  from  each  end.     The  chief  entrance  is  under  a  portico  of  six 

VOL.  Jir.  D 


I3  HISTORY  OF  SURREV. 

Ionic  columns,  with  a  pediment  and  clock,  above  Avliich  are  a  low-domed  turret  and 
vane.  In  front  is  an  extensive  plot  of  ground  (divided  from  the  road  by  an  iron 
railing),  laid  out  in  gravel  walks  and  parterres,  planted  with  shrubs  and  flowers.  This 
charity  is  well  supported  by  the  general  body  of  victuallers,  for  whose  reception,  wlien 
aged  and  distressed,  and  that  also  of  their  wives  or  widows,  the  Asylum  was  raised. 
In  1849  and  1858  new  wings  were  added  to  it;  and  in  1866,  a  donation  of  1,000 
guineas  having  been  recently  made  to  the  institution,  it  was  resolved  that  the  only 
remaining  space  on  the  grounds  available  for  building  piirposes  should  be  utilised.  This 
was  accordingly  carried  ou*-.  This  addition  completed  the  Asylum  as  a  building,  and  it 
now  contains  170  separate  and  entirely  distinct  habitations,  each  having  three  rooms,  &c. 
There  are  also  two  lodges  (erected  in  1840),  forming  other  dwellings.  The  little  chapel 
of  the  institution  is  enriched  with  stained-glass  memorial  windows,  and  in  the  open  space 
in  front  is  a  marble  statue  of  the  late  Prince  Consort.  The  Licensed  Victuallers'  School, 
for  the  maintenance,  clothing,  and  education  of  about  200  orphan  children  of  cither  sex, 
is  situated  in  Kennington  Lane,  Lambeth. 

Nearly  opposite  to  the  Asylum,  in  the  road  to  which  it  gives  name,  are  the  Christ 
Church  National  axd  Infant  Schools,  the  site  of  which  was  given  by  Sir  Edward 
Bowyer  Smijth,  Bart.,  whoso  armorial  bearings  are  sculptured  over  the  entrance.  These 
schools  occupy  a  neat  building  in  the  Tudor  style.     There  are  also  Board  Schools. 

St.  Mary  Magdalene  Church,  Peckhait. — The  district  connected  with  this  edifice 
forms  a  large  portion  of  the  eastern  half  of  Camberwell  parish,  and  was  formerly  an 
almost  uninterrupted  succession  of  market-garden  grounds.  The  church,  a  substantial 
building  of  brick  with  stone  dressings,  is  situated  in  the  road  leading  from  Deptford 
Lane  to  the  Nunhead  Cemetery,  and  stands  on  a  plot  of  ground  long  called  the  Duck's 
Nest.  The  design  is  a  composition  from  the  Norman  and  early  pointed  styles,  and 
consists  of  nave  and  aisles,  a  cuancel,  and  a  western  tower  (forming  the  general  entrance) 
surmounted  by  a  lofty  spire.  The  middle  area  is  wholly  filled  by  the  free  sittings. 
There  are  deep  galleries,  supported  by  cast-iron  columns,  on  each  side,  and  also  at  the 
west  end,  which  is  partitioned  oif  by  a  range  of  three  pointed  arches  :  in  the  central 
recess  is  a  small  organ.  The  altar  screen  is  of  stone,  of  handsome  design,  and  divided 
into  five  compartments,  within  which  the  commandments,  &c.,  are  fancifully  inscribed  in 
imitation  of  old  manuscripts.  All  the  windows  are  of  the  lancet  form,  those  at  the  east 
and  west  ends  being  duplicated,  the  others  single.  Spacious  and  well-ventilated 
catacombs  extend  beneath  the  building.  This  church  was  consecrated  by  the  Bishop  of 
"Winchester  in  1841.     Schools  were  built  in  this  parish  in  1856,  at  a  cost  of  £1,260. 


CAMBERWELL.  ,g 

At  jSTuuliead  is  a  range  of  almshouses  called  Beeston's  Gift,  erected  in  IS-'U,  for 
seven  aged  persons,  by  the  Girdlers'  Company,  who  were  appointed  trustees  by  tlio 
donor.  On  Nun  Green  is  a  small  chapel  associated  with  the  Christian  Instruction  Society, 
and  first  opened  in  1836. 

The  NuNHE.VD  Cemetery,  which  occupies  an  elevated  situation  between  Peckham 
Eje  and  the  Kent  Eoad,  tlie  greater  portion  of  which  formed  a  part  of  the  old  Shard 
estate,  was  purchased  by  the  London  Cemetery  Company.  It  comprises  an  area  of 
nearly  50  acres,  enclosed  by  an  iron  railing,  and  was  consecrated,  with  the  exception  of 
8  acres  left  for  the  burial  of  Dissenters,  by  the  Bishop  of  Winchester  in  1840.  The 
chapels  were  erected  in  1844. 

The  principal  chapel  (Church  of  England)  which  is  in  the  decorated  pointed  style,  is 
octagonal  in  form,  and  built  Avith  light-coloured  brick,  having  a  pointed  roof  of  slate. 
There  is  an  attached  ante-chapel,  or  vestibule,  expanding  like  a  small  transept,  and  a 
square  and  lofty  entrance  porch,  or  rather  tower,  open  on  three  sides,  and  sufficiently  large 
to  admit  hearses  and  other  carriages  to  be  drawn  up  within  it  :  this  is  embattled,  and 
surmounted  at  the  corners  by  tall  pinnacles  richly  ornamented.  Six  sides  of  the  octagon 
are  fitted  up  with  stalls  for  the  attending  mourners,  at  the  entrance  is  a  carved  oaken 
screen,  and  on  the  opposite  side  a  small  reading-desk  for  the  delivery  of  the  burial  service. 
Beneath  the  chapel  are  spacious  vaults,  partially  fitted  up  as  catacombs.  The  cost  was 
about  £4,000. 

The  Dissenters'  chapel,  on  the  uuconsecrated  ground,  is  a  smaller  building,  lighted  on 
each  side  by  three  hexangular  windoAvs,  and  at  the  end  by  a  triple  lancet  window, 
with  a  tracery  head  of  quatrefoils  and  other  ornaments.  Here  is  an  ante-chapel,  with  a 
gallery  above  for  the  accommodation  of  spectators  :  this  chapel  is  also  fitted  up  with  stalls 
of  a  similar  character  to  those  in  the  other  chapel.  There  is  a  small  robing-room,  and 
vaults  for  catacombs  run  beneath  the  entire  building. 

At  the  entrance  of  the  cemetery  are  two  lodges,  one  of  which  is  occupied  as  an  office, 
and  the  other  as  a  dwelling  for  the  resident  manager.  The  views  obtained  from  the 
higher  ground  in  the  cemetery  are  very  attractive  :  on  one  side  is  seen  London,  backed  by 
Highgate  and  Ilampstead  hills,  and  on  others  the  hills  of  Surrey  and  Kent. 

Camberwell  Cejieteuy  is  situated  near  the  southern  cud  of  Peckham  Rye,  and  on  the 
south  side  of  Forest  Hill  Eoad,  within  a  short  distance  of  Honour  Oak  Hill.  It  covers 
several  acres  of  ground,  and  is  tastefully  planted  with  trees  and  shrubs. 

A  Presbyterian  church  was  established  in  Meeting-House  Lane,  Peckham,  soon  after 
the  Ecstoration ;    but  in  1716  a  new  place  of  worship  was  erected  at  the  corner  of  Eye 

D  2 


20  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

Lane,  and  designated  Hanover  Chapel,  in  compliment  to  the  then  recent  accession  of  the 
Hanoverian  djaiasty.  Several  very  able  preachers  have  been  connected  Avith  this  chapel; 
and  under  the  ministry  of  Dr.  William  Bengo  CoUyer,  appointed  in  1801,  it  became  necessary 
at  first  to  enlarge,  and  after-svards  to  rebuild  the  chapel :  this  was  effected  in  1810,  at  the 
cost  of  about  £3,600,  raised  by  voluntary  donations.  The  interior  is  surrounded  by 
galleries,  and  will  accommodate  about  1,200  persons,  inclusive  of  the  seats  erected  for 
the  Sunday  scholars  on  either  side  of  the  organ.  The  pulpit  is  of  unique  design,  and  near 
it  is  a  handsome  marble  font,  presented  by  the  late  Dr.  Collyer.  There  are  attached 
to  this  chapel  two  small  endowments,  one  of  £400,  the  other  of  £300,  the  interest  of 
which  is  chiefly  appropriated  for  sermons  on  particular  days,  the  overplus  being  dis- 
tributed in  bread,  &c.,  for  the  poor.  Dr.  John  Milner,  a  person  of  considerable  literary 
eminence,  who  was  pastor  of  this  chapel  from  1741  until  his  decease  in  1757,  kept  a  school 
in  Meeting-House  Lane,  in  what  was  long  known  as  Goldsmith  House,  from  the  circum- 
stance of  the  poet  Goldsmith  having  been  usher  there  between  1751  and  1754,  prior 
to  his  travels  on  the  continent.     The  house  was  pulled  down  in  1876, 

In  Hanover  Street,  Peckham,  enclosed  by  a  wall  and  gates  and  screened  by  trees,  is  a 
meeting-house  raised  by  the  Society  of  Friends  in  1825. 

Peceham  CHArEL,  in  Hill  Street,  was  erected  as  a  projirietary  chapel-of-ease  to  the 
Church.     It  has  a  low  tower  and  spire  and  an  embattled  parapet. 

Camden  Chapel,  on  the  northern  side  of  Peckham  Eoad,  near  Eosemary  Lane,  was 
foundel  within  a  year  or  two  after  the  decease,  in  1795,  of  the  Eev.  Eoger  Bentley,  Vicar 
of  Camberwell,  by  those  of  his  congregation  who  were  dissatisfied  with  the  preaching  of 
his  successor,  which  was  not  of  that  "  evangelical "  character  to  which  they  had  been 
accustomed.  It  was  intended  to  be  consecrated  as  a  chapel-of-ease  ;  but  that  design  not 
having  been  executed  at  the  time,  it  was  first  opened  as  a  place  of  worship  in  the  Countess 
of  Huntingdon's  connection.  Afterwards,  as  Lysons  states,  "  it  was  kept  open  as  a  free 
conventicle,  at  which  Dissenting  ministers  of  all  persuasions  occasionally  ofl3.ciate."  *  At 
length,  in  1830,  it  was  licensed  as  an  episcopal  chapel,  and  under  the  ministry  of  the  late 
Eev.  Hemy  Melvill,  B.D.,  an  eloquent  and  popular  preacher  (afterwards  Canon  of  St. 
Paul's),  it  became  necessary  greatly  to  enlarge  the  building,  and  it  now  aff'ords  accom- 
modation for  nearly  2,000  persons.  In  1844  this  chapel  was  duly  consecrated  by  the 
Bishop  of  "Winchester,  a  parochial  district  being  assigned  to  it.  The  patronage  is  vested  in 
trustees. 

Peckham  House,  in  Peckham  Eoad,  is  a  large  asylum  licensed  for  the  reception  of 

*  Lysons,  "  Environs,"  Supplementary  volume,  p.  14. 


CAMBERWELL.  21 

lunatics,  and  has  been  for  many  years  under  the  management  and  superintendence  of  the 
family  of  Dr.  Armstrong.  Camberwell  House,  also  in  Pcckham  Eoad,  is  another  large 
•private  establishment  devoted  to  the  care  and  treatment  of  lunatics.  It  was  formerly 
known  as  Alfred  House,  and  used  as  an  academy  ;  and  more  recently  it  became  the  cradle 
of  the  Eoyal  Naval  School,  which  has  since  been  removed  to  New  Cross. 

At  Peckham  there  are  several  National,  Lancasterian,  and  Infant  Schools.  The  British 
Schools,  in  High  Street,  were  formerly  conducted  in  a  building  at  the  south  end  of 
Paradise  Street,  the  site  of  which  was  granted  to  trustees  by  Augustus  Hughes,  Esq.,  in 
1813,  for  the  term  of  five  hundred  years,  at  the  annual  rent  of  a  fat  capon  on  the  4th  of 
September.* 

In  Choumert  Eoad,  Peckham,  are  the  Almshouses  of  the  Girdlers'  Company.  They 
were  founded  in  1609  by  George  Paljm,  and  were  originally  situated  in  Pesthouse  Eow, 
St.  Luke's,  but  were  removed  hither  in  1852. 

The  London,  Chatham,  and  Dover  Eailway  (high-level  line  to  the  Crystal  Palace),  and 
also  the  South  London  Eailway,  have  stations  in  Eye  Lane. 

Emmanuel  Church. — This  church  (in  High  Street,  Camberwell),  a  modern  adaptation 
of  the  Norman  style  of  architecture,  was  erected  from  the  designs  of  Mr.  Thomas  Bellamy. 
It  is  a  brick  edifice,  with  dressings  of  stone.  The  cost,  nearly  £5,000,  was  defrayed  by 
the  Commissioners  for  Building  New  Churches  and  Chapels,  and  the  Metropolitan  Churches 
Fund,  aided  by  the  munificent  donation  of  £1,900  from  the  lord  of  the  manor.  Sir  Edward 
Bowyer  Smijth,  Bart.,  who  also  contributed  the  land  on  which  it  stands,  and  a  house  and 
garden  adjoining  for  the  minister.  Sir  Edward  laid  the  first  stone  in  1840.  The  organ 
was  also  given  by  the  same  gentleman,  in  whom  the  patronage  was  vested. 

There  are  galleries  on  three  sides  of  this  church  supported  by  cast-iron  columns. 
The  altar  is  in  a  recess  under  a  lofty  semicii'cular  arch,  beneath  which  is  a  row  of 
smaller  arches,  supported  by  slender  columns,  containing  the  Lord's  prayer,  command- 
ments, and  creed.  Within  a  semicircular  projection  at  this  end  is  a  small  robing-room. 
The  pulpit  is  square,  and  rests  on  a  circular  pillar.  The  font,  a  circular  basin  of  neat 
design,  corresponds  with  other  decorations  of  the  church.  The  church  will  seat  upwards 
of  1,000  persons.  The  district  attached  to  this  church  is  an  irregular  tract  in  the  north- 
western part  of  Camberwell. 

Schools  were  built  in  this  parish  in  1856,  at  a  cost  of  £1,200. 

BowxER  House. — At  a  short  distance  from  Emmanuel  Church  northwards  stood  the 
old  mansion  of  the  Bowyers.     Originally  this  house  was  much  decorated.     The  walls  and 

*  Allport's  "  Collections,"  &c.  p.  220. 


2  2  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

ceiling  of  the  liall  were  oruamented  with  carved  and  moulded  work ;  the  chimney-pieces 
were  enriched  with  festoons  of  fruit  and  flowers  in  bold  relief;  and  in  the  "embayed 
windows "  on  the  north  side  were  the  arms  and  quarterings  of  the  family  in  stained 
glass.*  Over  two  of  the  firci^laces,  within  panels,  were  small  pictures  of  some  merit ;  and 
the  south  and  east  walls  of  the  spacious  apartment  in  the  northern  wing  were,  at  a  subse- 
quent time,  each  adorned  with  a  large  painting  ascribed  to  Sir  James  Thornhill.  Evelyn, 
in  his  "Diary,"  under  the  date  September  1st,  1657,  records  a  visit  to  Sir  Edmund 
Bowyer,  "at  his  melancholy  seate  at  Camberwell.  He  has  a  very  pretty  grove  of  oalces," 
he  continues,  "and  hedges  of  yew  in  his  garden,  and  a  handsome  row  of  tall  elmes  before 
his  court."  The  family  of  the  Bowyers  was  long  kept  in  remembrance  here  by  the  name 
of  Bowyer  Lane,  which  has  recently  been  changed  to  Wyndham  Eoad. 

Nearly  adjoining  to  the  above  is  the  Mansion-House  Chapel,  built  in  1797,  by  the 
Eev.  William  Smith,  for  the  Congregationalists,  or  Independents,  and  much  enlarged  in 
1816  and  1826.     It  is  sufficiently  capacious  for  about  800  persons. 

In  Nelson  Street,  "Wyndham  Eoad,  is  the  British  Eree  School,  first  opened  in  1813: 
one  of  its  earliest  promoters  was  Captain  James  Wilson,  who  commanded  the  ship  Duff 
in  the  first  missionary  voyage  to  the  South  Sea  Islands.  The  present  school,  erected 
about  1832,  comprises  accommodation  for  about  200  boys  and  a  residence  for  the 
master. 

In  this  neighbourhood,  within  a  small  house  in  Carpenter's  Buildings,  on  Christmas 
Eve,  1836,  a  cabinet-maker;  named  James  Greenacre,  murdered  a  Mrs.  Brown,  a  widow 
and  laundress,  whom  he  had  engaged  to  marry  on  the  following  day.  He  was  executed 
in  the  Old  Bailey,  amid  the  yells  and  execrations  of  the  populace. 

St.  Eatjl's  Chuech,  Heene  Hill. — This  edifice  stands  at  the  south-western  extremity 
of  the  manor  of  Dulwich,  and  is  a  handsome  Gothic  stone  building,  with  a  lofty  spire.  The 
original  church  on  this  spot  was  consecrated  in  18-14,  and  burned  down  in  186-5,  in  conse- 
quence of  faulty  construction,  the  wall  plate  being  allowed  to  pass  through  the  flue.  It  was 
rebuilt  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  G.  E.  Street,  at  a  cost  of  £-5,200,  exclusive  of  stained 
glass  by  Messrs.  Hardman  of  Bii-mingham,  and  Messrs.  Clayton  and  Bell  of  London. 
The  vicarage-house  Avas  built  in  1865,  at  a  cost  of  above  £2,300,  £1,000  of  which  was 
borrowed  from  Queen  Anne's  bounty. 

The  district  attached  to  this  church,  which  is  what  is  called  a  consolidated  district 
chapeh'y,  includes  some  part  of  the  Dulwich  manor,  but  was  chiefly  derived  from  the 

*  See  Harl.  MSS.  1046,  No.  5.  This  forms  part  of  a  Visitation  of  tlie  County  of  Surrey,  taken  for  Camden  in  1623  : 
the  remaining  part  is  numhered  21  in  the  same  volume. 


CAMBERWELL.  j, 

parish  of  Lambctli,  and  is  endowed  with  the  vicarial  tithe  of  that  portion  of  the  district 
taken  from  the  parish  of  Caniberwell. 

The  schools  in  this  district  were  enlarged,  and  a  teacher's  liouse  built,  at  a  cost  of 
£1,200,  in  18G6,  and  wore  transferred  to  the  Yicar  of  St.  Jude's,  Brixton,  in  18G0,  iu 
Avhose  district  they  are  included,  together  with  an  endowment  fund  of  £725,  placed  in  the 
hands  of  the  Charity  Commissioners. 

Among  the  numerous  pleasant  villas  and  family  mansions  occupied  or  owned  by 
merchants  and  other  persons  of  respectability  on  Heme  Ilill  is  Casino  House,  the 
property  of  "William  Henry  Stone,  Esq.,  which  has  a  handsome  Doric  portico,  and  is 
surrounded  by  capacious  grounds.  Heme  Hill  extends  from  Denmark  Hill  to  Dulwich, 
and  consists  chiefly  of  private  dwellings,  mostly  detached  from  each  other,  many  of  which, 
from  their  elevated  situation,  command  extensive  and  pleasant  views.  There  are  also  a  few 
good  shops  in  the  Dulwich  Eoad,  and  likewise  a  railway  station  on  the  London,  Chatham, 
and  Dover  line. 

Among  the  entries  of  burials  in  the  Dulwich  Ecgister  is  the  following  : — "  Jan.  2,  1803, 
Samuel  Matthews,  aged  C-1.  This  unfortunate  person,  who,  notwithstanding  a  few 
eccentricities  which  were  usually  ascribed  to  a  slight  mental  derangement,  universally 
bore  the  character  of  a  quiet,  inoffensive,  and  strictly  honest  man,  was  found  murdered  iu 
a  cave  of  his  own  construction  in  Dulwich  woods,  which,  with  the  exception  of  an 
interval  of  a  year  and  a  half,  he  had  been  in  the  constant  habit  of  occupying  for  the  last 
thirty  years  of  his  life,  having  no  other  place  of  residence." 

Matthews  (a  jobbing  gardener)  was  usually  called  the  "  Dulwich  Hermit "  from  the 
seclusion  of  his  abode,  which,  with  the  permission  of  the  master  and  warden  of  Dulwich, 
he  had  contrived  on  the  skirts  of  the  College  wood,  adjoining  Sydenham  Common — near 
the  spot  where  now  stands  the  north-west  corner  of  the  Crystal  Palace — the  loss  of  his 
wife  having  determined  him  to  become  a  recluse.  Here,  about  1798,  he  was  assailed  by 
a  gang  of  gipsies,  by  whom  he  was  robbed  and  cruelly  beaten,  and  left,  with  a  broken 
arm,  apparently  lifeless.  During  his  cure,  and  for  some  time  afterwards,  he  occupied 
lodgings  at  Dulwich ;  but  growing  weary  of  social  intercourse,  he  returned  to  his  cave, 
in  which  he  was  found  brutally  miu'dcred  on  the  28th  of  December,  1802.  From  the 
singularity  of  his  dwelling-place  lie  had  latterly  been  visited  by  many  persons,  and  it  was 
thought  that  the  supposition  of  his  having  saved  money  from  the  gifts  occasionally  made 
to  him  led  to  his  violent  end.  A  large  oaken  stick,  with  a  hook,  found  near  the 
spot,  was  conjectured  to  have  been  the  instrument  of  his  death,  in  the  attempt  to  di-ag 
him  out  of  his  cave,  the  opening  of  which  was  so  small  that  it  could  only  be  entered  head 


2,).  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

foremost.      An   itinerant   cliimnoy-sweeper,  named   Sprague,   on  whom   great   suspicion 
rested,  was  tried  for  the  murder,  but  acquitted  from  want  of  sufficient  evidence. 

Denmark,  Champion,  and  Grove  Hills  were  long  celebrated  for  their  extent  of  prospect 
and  rural  character ;  but  their  features  have  been  greatly  altered  by  the  vast  increase  of 
buildmg  that  has  taken  place  in  the  immediate  neighbourhood.  On  Denmark  Hill,  about 
one  himdred  years  ago,  were  two  noted  houses  of  public  entertainment,  called  the  Great 
and  Little  Denmark  Halls  :  the  former  has  been  converted  into  private  dwellings,  but  the 
latter,  better  known  as  the  Fox-under-the-hill,  still  exists,  at  all  events  in  name ;  for 
the  old  tavern,  of  which  Hone,  in  his  "Year  Book"  (1832),  speaks  as  being  '.'the  Sunday 
resort  of  many  town-immured  beings,"  has  been  demolished  to  give  place  to  a  building 
more  in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of  modern  times. 

Champion  Lodge,  the  once  celebrated  residence  of  the  De  Crespignys  (refugees  from 
Normandy  in  the  reign  of  William  III.,  and  one  of  whom,  Claude  Champion  de 
Crespigny,  D.C.L.,  was  created  a  baronet  in  1805),  was  pulled  down  about  thirty  years 
ago.  The  park,  of  about  30  acres,  has  been  since  appropriated  to  building  purposes,  and 
the  range  of  dwellings  called  De  Crespigny  Terrace,  the  villas  beyond  it  and  on  Champion 
Hill,  and  many  other  houses  have  been  erected  on  the  grounds. 

Camberwell  Grove,  so  called  from  its  former  long  avenue  of  trees  extending  from 
Church  Street  to  Grove  Hill,  at  the  present  time  possesses  little  or  nothing  of  a  woodland 
character,  being  now  occupied  by  modern  buildings.  On  Grove  Hill  was  the  suburban 
residence  of  Dr.  John  Coakley  Lettsom,  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  one  of 
the  most  successful  physicians  of  his  day.  He  was  a  native  of  Tortola,  and  having  been 
sent  to  England  for  instruction,  became  accidentally  acquainted  with  the  brothers 
Fothergill,  the  one  a  celebrated  preacher  among  the  Quakers,  the  other  a  distinguished 
member  of  the  medical  profession.  Their  advice  determined  his  future  studies,  and  he 
acquired  eminence  as  well  from  his  scientific  knowledge  as  from  his  general  benevolence 
and  love  of  literature. 

About  2\  acres  on  the  eastern  side  of  Grove  Hill  were  taken  by  Dr.  Lettsom,  at 
Christmas,  1779,  on  a  building  lease  for  ninety-nine  years.  Here,  shortly  after,  he  erected 
a  pleasant  villa,  and  laid  out  the  grounds  in  an  ornamental  way.  The  former  was  a  square 
edifice  of  brick,  with  low  wings,  the  western  wing  being  occupied  by  a  library  *  and 
museum,   opening  to  a  conservatory,  wherein  many  exotics  and  other  rare  plants  were 

*  Among  the  rarities  in  the  library  was  a  curious  work  by  Jacob  Christine  Schaefer  (Regensburg,  commencuig  in 
1765),  in  seven  volumes  quarto,  the  leaves  of  which  were  all  fabricated  from  numerous  varieties  of  vegetable  substances, 
as  well  of  wood  as  plants,  by  the  ordinary  paper-mills. 


CAMBERWELL.  j. 

cultivated.  The  north  or  principal  front  Avas  enriched  by  stuccoed  tablets  from  classical 
designs,  and  siu'mounted  by  balustrades,  but  the  house  was  much  altered  by  subsequent 
possessors,  and  many  years  ago  an  adjoining  house  was  built  on  the  site  of  each  wing. 
Dr.  Lettsom  had  frequently  for  his  guests  some  of  the  more  eminent  of  the  literati  of  his 
time;  and  Mam-ice,  the  historian  and  poet,  retiu-ned  his  courtesy  by  his  "Grove  Ilill,  a 
Descriptive  Poem,"  in  quarto,  illustrated  by  various  engravings.  Scott,  also,  the  bard  of 
Amwell,  inscribed  a  lesser  poem  to  his  hospitable  friend,  in  which  the  views  from  the 
temple  (now  destroyed)  near  the  reservoir  were  graphically  sketched,  but  the  scenery 
has  since  been  remarkably  changed  by  the  accumulation  of  buildings. 

The  grounds  attached  to  the  villa  comprised  both  la^\^l  and  meadow  land,  with 
pleasure,  kitchen,  and  succession  gardens,  and  a  shi-ubbery  extending  along  the  outskii'ts 
of  the  estate,  on  its  eastward  side,  down  to  the  Fountain  Cottage.*  The  whole  was 
ornamented  with  statuary  and  inscribed  pedestals,  in  accordance  with  their  respective 
localities.  Between  the  reservoir  and  the  fountain  which  it  supplied  was  the  upper 
Spring  field,  whereon,  after  Dr.  Lettsom's  decease  in  1815,  a  row  of  houses,  called  Grove 
Crescent,  was  built  by  Mr.  William  Whitton,  a  solicitor,  who  had  acquired  the  property. 
In  front  of  the  cottage,  in  the  midst  of  a  small  sheet  of  water  (or  rather  pond,  from  which 
the  clay  had  been  dug  for  the  original  buildings  on  Grove  Hill),  Avas  tire  fountain,  rising  in 
several  stages  from  a  rocky  base,  but  this  exists  no  longer. 

On  the  lower  Spring  field,  which  also  formed  a  part  of  the  Lettsom  estate,  formerly 
stood  the  Camberwell  Collegiate  School,  an  establishment  founded  on  the  principles  of  King's 

*  There  is  a  traditionary  report  associated  with  these  grounds  which  requires  notice,  tliough  little  deiDendenoe  can  be 
placed  on  it— namely,  that  the  spring  or  well  which  gave  name  to  Camberwell  was  the  same  that  supplies  the  reservoir 
whence  were  derived  the  waters  of  Dr.  Lettsom's  fountain. 

Another  tradition — more  easily  disproved — is,  that  Camberwell  Grove  was  the  scene  of  the  murder  of  his  uncle  by 
the  hero  of  LUlo's  well-known  tragedy,  called  The  London  Merchant,  or  the  History  of  George  Barnwell.  Maurice,  in  his 
"  Grove  Hill,"  thus  alludes  to  it  in  the  following  apostrophe  : — • 

"  Ye  towering  elms,  on  whose  majestic  brows 

A  hundred  rolling  years  have  shed  their  snows, 

Admit  me  to  your  dark  sequester'd  reign, 

To  roam  mth  Contemplation's  studious  train  ! 

Your  haunts  I  seek,  nor  glow  with  other  fires 

Than  those  which  Friendship's  ardent  warmth  inspires  ; 

No  savage  murderer  with  a  gleaming  blade, — 

No  Bahnwell  to  pollute  your  sacred  shade." 
Now  LUlo's  drama  was  founded  upon  the  ballad  of  "  George  Barnwell,"  which  Bishop  Percy  states  "  was  printed 
at  least  as  early  as  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century."  In  that  production  Barnwell's  uncle  is  described  as  a  wealthy 
grazier  dwelUng  at  Ludlow,  in  a  wood  near  which  place  the  ballad  also  describes  the  murder  to  have  been  committed. 
This  "  tragical  narrative,"  says  Bishop  Percy,  "  seems  to  relate  to  a  real  fact  ;  but  when  it  happened  I  have  not  been 
able  to  discover."  George  Lillo  was  by  trade  a  jeweller:  his  play  was  first  acted  in  1731.  It  met  with  considerable 
success  ;  and  in  1735  LLUo,  who  then  resided  at  Kotherhithe,  in  this  county,  assigned  it  for  ever  to  John  Gray,  a  London 
bookseller,  for  ^105. 

VOL.  III.  E 


26  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

College,  under  the  patronage  of  the  Bishop  of  Winchester.  The  building  was  erected 
in  1834,  from  the  designs  of  Henry  Eoberts,  Esq.,  the  architect  of  Fishmongers'  Hall, 
at  an  expense  of  about  £3, GOO.  It  was  entii-ely  of  a  collegiate  character,  and  somewhat 
in  the  Tudor  style.  Its  proximity  to  Dulwich  College,  however,  seems  to  have  impeded 
its  progress ;  and  in  1867  the  school  was  closed,  and  the  land  sold  for  building  purposes. 

Grove  Chapel,  built  from  the  designs  of  Mr.  Koper  in  1819,  and  opened  in  that  year, 
cost,  with  its  fui-niture,  &c.,  about  £4,000,  w^hich  was  defrayed  by  voluntary  contributions  : 
small  wings  were  added  in  1839,  and  the  chapel  will  now  accommodate  about  1,100  persons. 
Its  discipline  is  described  as  "  Independent  Episcopacy."    The  property  is  vested  in  trustees. 

Aged  Pilgeims'  Asylum. — This  building,  situated  in  Westmoreland  Place,  arose 
from  the  very  useful  institution  called  the  Aged  Pilgrims'  Friend  Society,  established 
at  Camberwell  in  1807  for  the  relief  of  the  aged  and  infirm  Christian  poor  (being 
Protestants)  of  both  sexes,  and  of  every  denomination.  The  Asylum  was  commenced  in 
1834,  and  completed  in  1837,  the  freehold  having  been  given  by  William  Peacock,  Esq., 
and  the  cost  of  erection  defrayed  by  voluntary  contributions.  It  consists  of  a  quad- 
rangular range  of  brick  building,  enclosing  a  small  lawn  or  coiu-t,  in  which  is  a  large 
tomb  of  Portland  stone,  covering  the  vault  wherein  Mr.  Peacock,  who  died  in  1844,  lies 
buried.  Its  front  is  an  embattled  centre  (with  attached  wings),  flanked  by  octagonal 
piers  ending  in  turrets :  they  include  a  low-arched  entrance  gateway,  the  committee 
and  warden's  rooms,  and  a  chapel  for  divine  service.  Forty-two  persons,  chiefly  aged 
women,  have  apartments  here,  in  addition  to  annual  pensions  of  10  guineas,  7  guineas, 
and  5  guineas  each.  The  society  derives  its  support  from  donations  and  legacies, 
collections  at  sermons,  and  life  and  annual  subscriptions.  A  joint  asylum  in  connection 
with  this  institution  was  established  at  Highgate  in  1871,  and  since  its  foimdation  in 
1807  the  society  has  been  the  means  of  relieving  upwards  of  4,000  aged  persons. 

In  Havil  Street,  at  the  back  of  the  Aged  Pilgrims'  Asylum,  is  the  Bethel  Asylum, 
established  in  1838  by  William  Peacock,  Esq.,  for  twelve  aged  women.  At  the  corner 
of  Havil  Street,  and  occupying  the  site  of  old  Havil  House,  is  the  Yestry  Hall,  which 
was  erected  in  1873.  It  is  a  large  edifice  in  the  Eeuaissance  style,  and  consists  of  a 
centre  and  two  wings. 

At  the  southern  end  of  Camberwell  Eoad  and  western  end  of  Church  Street  is  an 
oblong  plot  of  ground,  rather  over  an  acre  in  extent,  formerly  known  as  Camberwell 
Green,  on  which  there  used  to  be  held  an  annual  fair  of  three  days'  continuance,  com- 
mencing on  the  18th  of  August.  At  Peckham  also  a  fair  of  similar  dui-ation  was  held 
on  the  21st  and  22nd  of  August.     The  origm  of  these  fairs  is  unknown  :  that  of  Peckham 


CLAPHAM.  27 

is  traditionally  said  to  liave  been  granted  by  King  John,  after  liimtiug  a  stag  hero,  but 
no  charter  bas  been  found.  Camberwell  fair  was  a  source  of  great  annoyance  to  the 
inhabitants  for  many  years,  and  complaints  against  its  continuance  were  loud  and 
numerous;  but  it  neyerthelcss  survived  till  1855,  when  it  was  hold  here  for  the  last 
time.  In  that  year  the  manorial  rights  in  the  Green  were  purchased  by  a  subscription 
raised  among  the  principal  inhabitants  of  the  district,  and  the  place  was  laid  out  in 
grass-plots,  planted  with  trees,  shrubs,  and  flowers,  and  enclosed  with  iron  railings,  and 
raised  to  the  dignity  of  a  "  park." 

On  the  northern  side  of  Camberwell  Park  are  the  National  and  Green-coat  Schools. 
They  were  erected  in  1871  on  the  site  of  a  former  school,  founded  in  1721  by  Mr. 
Henry  Cornelison,  "  for  the  Christian  Instruction  of  Poor  Childi-en." 

At  the  southern  end  of  the  Park  is  a  large  mansion  of  red  brick,  with  stone  quoins, 
pediment,  &c.,  which  early  in  the  last  century  was  the  seat  of  Sir  William  Bowyer,  Znt. 

In  the  Albany  Eoad,  which  connects  tlie  High  Street  with  the  Old  Ivent  Eoad,  is 
Albany  Chapel,  which  was  enlarged  and  improved  in  1835,  and  again  in  1840.  It  is 
handsomely  fitted  up  and  ornamented,  and  affords  room  for  about  500  persons.  Near  it, 
in  Verona  Place,  is  the  Feiendlt  Female  Asylum,  a  small  building  erected  in  1821,  for 
"  aged  persons  who  have  seen  better  days." 

Marlborough  Chapel,  on  the  north-east  side  of  the  Old  Kent  Eoad,  had  its  origin  in 
the  endeavour  of  the  Home  Missionary  Society  to  provide  religious  instruction  for  the 
neighbourhood.  For  that  purpose  a  tent  preaching  station  Avas  established  here  on 
vacant  ground,  and  the  interest  it  excited  led  to  the  erection  of  a  chapel  in  1827,  at 
the  cost  of  about  <£4:,000,  which  was  defrayed  by  voluntary  donations.  It  accommodates 
about  1,000  persons.  There  are  Sunday  schools  and  other  benevolent  institutions  in 
connection  with  this  and  with  Albany  Chapel. 

In  1846  a  Literary  and  Scientific  Institution  was  established  at  Camberwell,  under 
the  direction  of  a  committee  of  the  neighbouring  gentlemen. 

On  Ladland's  (or  Primrose)  Hill  are  vestiges  of  an  oblong  camp,  which  has  a  double 
line  of  ditch  on  the  south  side,  and  is  supposed  by  Mr.  Bray  to  have  been  origiDally 
formed  by  the  Eomans. 

CLAPHAM. 

The  earliest  mention  of  this  place  occui-s  in  the  Eegister  of  Chertsey  Abbey,  from 
which  we  learn  that  in  the  time  of  King  Alfred  a  Saxon  duke,  named  ^Ifrid,  gave 
"  30  hides  of  land  in  Clappeham  to   his  wife  Werburga,  for  life,  with  remainder  to 

E  2 


28  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

Ald'hdrytli  his  daughter,  and  her  issue  ;  in  default  of  which,  to  his  next  of  kin  by  his 
father,  paying  her  half  the  value  ; — the  owner  of  the  land  to  pay  200  pence  yearly  to  the 
monks  of  Chertsey."  * 

In  the  eleventh  century  Clapham  was  the  seat  of  Osgod  Clapa,  a  Danish  nobleman, 
at  the  marriage  feast  of  whose  daughter,  Gytha,  or  Goda,  with  Tovi,  another  noble 
Dane,  Hardicanute,  then  King  of  England,  being  an  invited  guest,  fell  senseless  to  the 
ground  in  a  fit  of  intoxication,  and  expired  shortly  after.  This  event  is  stated  to  have 
happened  at  Lambeth,  which  district  appears  to  have  anciently  included  the  land  now 
constituting  the  parish  of  Clapham. -f 

In  the  Doomsday  Book  the  following  account  is  given  of  this  manor: — "  Goisfridus 
de  Mannevile  [Geoffrey  de  Mandeville]  holds  Clopeham,  which  Turbern  held  of 
King  Edward.  It  was  then  assessed  at  10  hides;  now  at  3  hides.  The  arable  land 
amounts  to  7  carucates.  One  carucate  is  in  demesne ;  and  there  are  eight  villains,  and 
three  bordars,  with  5  carucates.  There  are  5  acres  of  meadow.  In  the  time  of  King 
Edward,  and  subsequently,  it  was  valued  at  £10 ;  now  at  £7  10s.  The  men  of  the 
hundred  say  that  Geoffrey  holds  this  manor  unjustly,  because  it  did  not  pertain  to 
the  lands  of  Asgar.  What  Geoffrey  gave  out  of  this  manor,  in  frauk-almoigne,  is 
valued  at  20s." 

The  manor  remained  in  the  possession  of  the  family  of  Mandeville  at  least  until  1103, 
when  it  belonged  to  Nigel  de  Mandeville.  In  the  reign  of  Stephen  it  was  held  by 
Pharamus  de  Bolonia,  nephew  of  Maud,  the  wife  of  that  king ;  and  his  daughter  and 
heiress,  Sibella  de  Tingria,  married  Ingelram  de  Fienes,  who  was  killed  at  the  battle 
of  Ascalon,  in  Palestiue,  in  1190,  having  probably  accompanied  Eichard  I.  in  the 
crusade  against  Saladin.  There  is  extant  a  charter  of  King  Stephen,  by  which  he 
granted  or  restored  to  Sibella  this  manor,  with  all  the  rights  and  privileges  pertaining 
to  it  formerly  enjoyed  by  her  husband  and  her  father ;  and  he  also  gave  her  per- 
mission to  marry  whom  she  pleased.  Her  son,  William  de  Fienes,  is  stated  in  the 
Testa  de  Nevill  to  have  held  half  a  knight's  fee  in  Clopham  of  Humphrey  de  Boun,  or 
Bohun,  Earl  of  Hereford.  He  died  in  1241,  and  in  the  same  record  it  is  mentioned  that 
Ingelram  de  Fienes  (the  son  of  William)  held  the  half-fee  in  Clapham  of  the  honoiu* 
of  Mandevill,  then  vested  in  Humphi-ey  de  Bohun.  Manning  observes  that  this  earl 
Avas  the  mesne  lord  of  the  manor  between  Fienes  and  the  King ;  he  might  have  added 

*  Register  Abli.  de  Certesy  iu  Bibl.  Cott.  VitelHiis,  A.  13. 

t  Chron.  Saxon,  an.  1041.  E.  Hoveden,  inter  Script,  post  Bedam.  It  has  been  surmised  that  Clapham  derived 
its  name  from  the  above  Osgod  Clapa — "  Clapa's  Ham,  or  home  ; "  but  the  prior  notice  of  Clappeham  in  the  Chertsey 
Register  shows  that  conjecture  to  be  erroneous. 


CLAPHAM.  29 

that  Humphrey  de  Bohun,  Earl  of  Ilereford  and  Essex,  derived  his  claim  to  the 
lordship  thi'ough  his  descent  from  the  Maudeville  family,  his  mother,  Maud,  being  the 
daughter  of  Geoffrey  Fitz-Piers,  Earl  of  Essex,  who  held  the  office  of  Grand  Justiciary 
in  the  reign  of  John,  and  who  inherited  the  earldom  in  right  of  his  mother,  Beatrix, 
sister  of  Geoffrey  de  Mandeville,  created  Earl  of  Essex  by  Stephen,  and  may  possibly 
have  held  this  manor  until  his  lauds  were  confiscated  for  joining  the  party  of  the  Empress 
Maud :  Clapham  was  then  given  to  Pharamus  de  Bolonia,  as  above  stated. 

"William  de  Fienes,  son  of  Ingelram,  appears  to  have  engaged  in  some  legal  proceed- 
ings relative  to  this  manor  (perhaps  claimed  by  the  Earl  of  Ilereford)  in  7  Edward  I.* 
He  died  seized  of  this  estate  in  1302  or  1303 ;  and  an  inquisition  being  taken  on  that 
occasion,  it  was  found  that  he  had  held  the  manor  of  Clapham  in  capitc  of  the  Earl  of 
Hereford  and  Essex  by  the  service  of  suit  of  court  at  Hereford,  and  Blaunch-apeltouo  in 
London,  and  that  he  had  enfeoffed  Thomas  Eomeyn,  and  Julian  his  wife,  and  the  heirs 
of  Thomas,  of  this  manor.  But  he  left  a  son  and  heii-,  John  de  Eienes,  and  reserved  the 
mesne  lordsliip  to  his  own  family,  for  the  manor  was  held  of  the  representatives  of  Fienes 
in  socage  in  Elizabeth. f 

Thomas  Eomayne  had  a  grant  of  free-wan-en  here  in  3  Edward  II.  His  wife 
Juliana  died  in  1326,  seized  of  the  manor  of  Clapham,  a  capital  messuage,  254.^  acres 
of  arable  land,  20  of  meadow,  140  of  underwood,  and  6  of  pasture ;  rents  of  assize  of 
free  tenants  and  bondmen,  £9  lis.  9|d. ;  thi-ee  cocks  and  six  hens ;  the  whole  valued  at 
£28  15s.  7|d.  She  left  two  daughters  coheiresses,  one  of  whom,  Margaret,  married 
William  de  "Weston,  of  Albury,  who  had  this  estate  in  right  of  his  wife ;  and  it  belonged 
to  their  descendants  in  the  time  of  Henry  YI.  In  16  Henry  VI.  Eobert  de  "Weston 
conveyed  the  manor  to  "William  "Wetenhall,  citizen  of  London,  Margaret  his  wife,  John 
Olton,  clerk,  and  others,  and  two  years  after  ratified  a  deed  of  Thomas  Eomayne  as  lord 
of  the  manor. 

Eichard  Gower,  Esq.,  died  seized  of  this  manor  in  1472  ;  but  John  Gower,  supposed 
to  have  been  his  son,  having  been  killed  in  the  battle  of  Tewkesbury,  fighting  for 
Henry  YL,  he  was  attaiuted,  and  the  estate  escheated  to  the  Crown.  The  manor  was 
probably  then  granted  by  Edward  lY.  to  George  Ireland,  and  Margaret  his  wife ;  for  it 
appears  from  an  inquisition  taken  in  13  Edward  lY.  that  Ireland  died  seized  of  it  iu  the 
preceding  month,  leaving  a  son  and  heii-,  Thomas,  aged  twelve.  In  1  Henry  YIL,  Ann 
Pympe,  cousin  and  heiress  of  John  Gower,  late  of  Clapham,  preferred  a  petition  to  Parlia- 

*  Placit.  Coron.  at  Guildford,  7  Edw.  I.  in  the  Chapter-liou  e  at  Westmia  tsr, 
+  See  Cole  s  "  Escheats,"  HarL  MSS.  No.  758. 


30  .  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

meut,  praying  a  reversal  of  his  attainder,  wliicli  was  granted.  Nothing  further  appears 
relative  to  the  descent  of  this  manor  until  15  Elizabeth,  when  William  Chelsham,  mercer, 
of  London,  is  stated  to  have  died  seized  of  this  estate,  which  ho  left  to  his  son,  of  the  same 
name.  In  1580,  Sir  Thomas  Cokayno,  Lord  Mayor  of  London,  conveyed  it  to  Philip 
Okeover  and  Eichai'd  Crompton,  supposed  to  have  been  trustees  for  Bartholomew  Gierke, 
Dean  of  the  Arches,  who  held  it  at  the  time  of  his  death  in  1589.  Francis,  his  son  and 
heir,  then  a  minor,  was  lord  of  the  manor  in  1604,  when  he  presented  to  the  living :  he 
appears  to  have  sold  the  manor,  in  or  before  1015,  to  John  Haulsey,  gent.,  in  whom  the 
presentation  was  then  vested. 

Not  long  after  the  period  just  mentioned  the  estate  was  purchased  by  Dr.  Henry 
Atkins,  physician  to  James  I.,  for  £6,000,  said  to  have  been  a  gift  from  the  King  for  his 
services  in  attending  Prince  Charles  (afterwards  Charles  I.)  when  dangerously  ill  of  a 
fever  in  Scotland.*  His  son  and  heir.  Sir  Henry  Atkins,  Knt.,  had  a  son  named  Eichard, 
created  a  baronet  by  Charles  II.  in  1662.  Sir  Eichard  Atkins,  Bart.,  who  succeeded  to 
the  title  and  estate  on  the  decease  of  his  elder  brother,  Sir  Henry,  a  minor,  in  1742,  died 
without  issue  in  1756,  when  this  manor  came  into  the  possession  of  his  sister  Penelope, 
wife  of  George  Pitt,  Esq.,  created  Baron  Eivers  in  1776.  The  rental  of  her  estate,  in 
consequence  of  the  improvements  at  Clapham  before  noticed,  is  stated  by  Lysons,  in  1792, 
to  have  increased  within  the  preceding  nineteen  years  from  £1,335  to  £2,031  per  annum. 
After  her  decease  the  property  reverted  to  the  Atkins  family,  of  whom  William  Atkins- 
Bowyer,  lord  of  the  manor,  died  at  Paris  in  1844,  when  his  son,  Hemy  Atkins-Bowyer, 
Esq.,  succeeded  to  the  estate.  On  his  death  in  1871,  it  passed  to  his  eldest  son,  Hemy 
Atkins-Bowyer,  Esq.,  the  present  owner.  The  old  manor-house,  supposed  by  Lysons  to 
have  been  built  by  Bartholomew  Clerke,  Dean  of  the  Arches  in  Queen  Elizabeth's  reign, 
stood  at  the  corner  of  Manor  Street,  and  was  latterly  occupied  as  a  ladies'  boarding- 
school. 

William  de  Breuse  died  seized  of  two  knights'  fees  at  Clapham  in  1291,  as  appears 
from  the  Close  Eolls  of  19  Edward  I.  It  is  suj)posed  that  the  land  held  by  Breuse 
constituted  the  estate  at  this  place  which  in  the  seventeenth  century  belonged  to  Sir 
Dennis  Gauden,  who  built  a  sumptuous  mansion  here  for  his  brother.  Dr.  John  Gauden, 
Bishop  of  Exeter,  under  the  expectancy  of  his  further  promotion  to  Winchester,  and 
making  this  the  episcopal  palaee.t     That  prelate  was  one  of  the  adherents  of  Charles  I., 

*  In  the  Baronetage  published  in  1741  it  is  stated  that  Dr.  Atkina  was  offered  the  first  patent  of  baronetcy  on  the 
institution  of  the  order,  and  that  he  modestly  refused  it. 

+  ViAe.  Aubrey's  "  Surrej'-,"  vol.  i.  p.  14,  and  Pepys's  "  Diary,"  vol.  ii.  p.  79.  Dennis  Gauden,  most  likely  by  his 
brother's  interest,  had  obtained  the  situation  of  Victualler  to  the  Navy.     He  was  Sheriff  of  London  in  1667  ;  and  when 


CLAPHA3f.  3, 

and  is  said  to  have  been  tlio  antlior  of  tlie  work  entitled  "ElKflN  BASIAIKH," 
attributed  to  tlio  monarch,  the  question  as  to  the  authorship  of  -which  has  been  the 
subject  of  much  literary  controversy.  Toland,  in  his  "Amyntor,  or  Defence  of  Milton," 
relates  that  Dr.  Gauden,  after  the  Eestoration,  was  promised  the  bishopric  of  Winchester, 
but  after  having  been  raised  to  the  see  of  Exeter  in  1660  he  was  translated  to  Worcester 
in  1661,  and  died  in  the  following  year.  Sir  Dennis  Gauden,  who  became  a  resident  in 
his  late  brother's  house  (where  he  had  an  extensive  library  and  other  valuable  collections), 
died  at  Clapham,  and  was  buried  there  in  168S.  The  mansion  and  estate  were  afterwards 
purchased  by  William  Hewer,  Esq.,  a  Commissioner  of  the  IS'avy,  the  faithful  clerk  and 
assistant  of  Mr.  Secretary  Pepys  (author  of  the  "Diary"),  who  died  at  this  house  in 
1703.*  Mr.  Hewer's  own  decease  occurred  here  in  1715,  and  he  was  buried  in  the  old 
church.  He  bequeathed  the  property  to  a  relation.  Hewer  Edgeley,  Esq.,  who  assumed 
the  name  of  Hewer,  and  whose  widow  continued  in  possession  for  some  time  after  liis 
death.  The  house  was  pulled  down  about  1700,  aud  the  estate,  which  consisted  of  nearly 
133  acres,  di^dded  among  several  proprietors.  Its  rental,  according  to  Lysons,  was  nearly 
as  large  as  that  of  the  manorial  estate. 

Clapham  parish  is  bounded  on  the  north-west  and  west  by  that  of  Battersea,  on 
the  north  by  Lambeth,  and  on  the  south  by  Streatham.  The  limits  of  the  parish  where 
it  adjoins  Battersea  have  been  the  subject  of  a  legal  contest,  that  part  of  Clapham  Common 
extending  to  Battersea  Eise  being  claimed  by  both  parishes.  In  1716  the  inhabitants  of 
Battersea  enclosed  with  a  ditch  and  bank  the  tract  of  land  in  question,  and  the  people 
of  Clapham  levelled  the  bank  and  filled  up  the  ditch,  in  consequence  of  which,  Hemy, 
Yiscount  St.  John,  then  lord  of  the  manor  of  Battersea,  brought  an  action  for  trespass 
against  those  who  were  engaged  in  this  Avork,  or  their  employers,  which  was  tried  at  the 
assizes  at  Kingston  in  1718,  when  the  plaintiff  was  non-suited.  The  men  of  Battersea, 
however,  persevered  in  supporting  their  claim  by  including  the  disputed  ground  in  their 
parochial  perambulations,  f 

The  number  of  acres  in  this  parish,  as  estimated  under  the  Tithe  Commutation  Act,  is 
1,170,  of  which  40  acres  were  then  arable  land,  473  meadow,  &c.,  202  common,  19  market 

the  "  first  stone  of  the  first  pillar  "  of  the  Royal  Exchange  -n-as  laid  by  Charles  II.  in  that  year,  he  Avas  lionourea  with 
knighthood  by  the  King. 

*  In  Evelyn's  "  Diary,"  under  the  date  Sept.  22nd,  1700,  is  this  passage  :— "  I  went  to  ^•isite  Mr.' Pepys  at  Clapham, 
where  he  has  a  very  nohle  and  wonderfully-well  furnished  house,  especially  with  India  and  Chinese  curiosities.  The 
offices  and  gardens  well  accommodated  for  pleasure  and  retirement."  In  Bagford's  Letter  to  Heame  (dated  Feb.  1, 
1714-15),  printed  in  the  first  vo'liune  of  Leland's  "  Collectanea,"  p.  59,  it  is  stated  that  many  Roman  antiquities  were  found 
in  some  fields  belonging  to  Mr.  Hewer  by  labourers  digging  for  gravel. 

t  Lysons,  "  Environs  of  London,"  vol.  \i.  Supplement,  p.  18. 


32  HISTORF  OF  SURREF. 

gardens,  360  buildings  with  gardens,  and  74  roads.  Since  that  computation  was  made 
there  has  been  a  great  increase  of  buildings.  The  soil  in  general  is  light  and  gravelly, 
but  on  the  south  and  south-east  is  a  stiff  clay  of  great  dejath. 

Clapham  Common. — Until  after  the  middle  of  the  last  ceutmy  this  common,  which 
comprises  an  area  of  220  acres,  was  an  almost  impassable  marsh;  but  about  1760,  through 
the  influence  and  exertions  of  Christopher  Baldwin,  Esq.,  a  Surrey  magistrate,  who  had 
resided  many  years  near  the  spot,  the  land  was  drained,  trees  of  various  species  planted, 
and  the  roads  crossing  it  repaired.*  The  cost  of  these  improvements  was  defrayed  by  a 
subscription  raised  among  the  neighbouring  inhabitants :  similar  means  have  been  since 
employed  to  keep  the  common  in  good  order.  In  1835  and  1836  leases  of  the  manorial 
rights  over  the  entire  common  were  obtained  for  twelve  years — that  part  in  Clapham 
parish  at  an  annual  rent  of  £45,  and  that  in  Battersea  parish  at  a  rent  of  <£20.  By  means 
of  donations  and  subscriptions  -j*  the  trustees  (to  whom  the  leases  had  been  granted)  were 
enabled  to  restore  the  drainage  and  water-courses  ;  cleanse  out  the  three  principal  ponds, 
namely,  the  Island  pond,  the  Long-boat  pond,  and  the  Mound  pond ;  improve  the 
plantations ;  and  generally  to  execute  whatever  other  works  were  necessary  to  give  the 
common  that  attractive  park-like  character  and  appearance  which  it  now  possesses.  This 
extensive  tract  is  nearly  surrounded  by  well-built  villas  and  other  dwellings,  the  residences 
of  merchants  and  gentlemen,  to  whom  its  short  distance  from  the  busy  haunts  of  the  metro- 
polis renders  it  of  convenient  and  easy  access.  The  airy  cheerfulness  of  this  spot  greatly 
tends  to  the  salubrity  of  the  neighbourhood,  and  the  common  is  at  all  times  available  for 
recreation.  In  1874  the  Enclosure  Commissioners  for  England  and  Wales,  under  the 
Metropolitan  Commons  Act,  18G9,  and  Metropolitan  Commons  Amendment  Act,  1869, 
certified  a  scheme  for  placing  Clapham  Common  under  the  control  of  the  Local  Board. 
The  common  was  accordingly  purchased  for  the  sum  of  £17,000,  and  the  Metropolitan 
Board  of  Works  at  once  commenced  improving  its  appearance  by  the  planting  of  young 
trees,  and  the  formation  of  new  footpaths  of  an  ornamental  style. 

Cavendish  House,  on  the  east  side  of  the  common,  was  for  a  long  period  the 
residence  of  that  eminent  philosophical  chemist,  the  Hon.  Henry  Cavendish,  the  discoverer 
of  hydrogen  gas,  and  of  the  composition  of  water.     At  the  northern  extremity  of  the 

*  Lysons,  "  Environs,"  vol.  i.  p.  159,  1792.  In  consequence  of  the  improvements  thus  effected,  tlie  value  of  the 
surrounding  lands  was  greatly  augmented,  and  Mr.  Baldwin  himself,  a  few  yeai-s  before  Lysons  wrote,  sold  14  acres  of 
land  near  his  own  residence  for  the  sum  of  £5,000.  In  1810  Mr.  Robert  Thornton  sold  his  land  here  at  the  rate  of  £500 
per  acre.     (Manning  and  Bray,  "  SiuTey,"  vol.  iii.  p.  359.) 

+  Much  to  the  honour'  of  Earl  Spencer  (the  lord  of  Battersea)  and  Henry  Bowyer,  Esq.  (the  lord  of  Clapham),  their 
names  were  registered  in  the  list  of  subscribers,  the  former  subscribing  £20  annually  (the  amount  of  his  rent),  and  the 
latter  £10  lOs. 


CLAPIIAM.  3, 

common,  a  few  doors  south  of  the  Plough  Inn,  on  the  site  now  oocujned  by  the  Pioman 
Catholic  Eedemptorist  church  of  Our  Lady  of  Victory,  stood  a  mansion  once  tenanted  by 
Zachary  Maeaulay — "  the  cradle  of  the  Bible  Society,"  as  ilr.  (i.  0.  Trevelyan  stylos  it 
in  his  "  Life  of  Lord  Maeaulay  ; "  and  here  the  great  historian  spent  a  considerable  part 
of  his  chddhood.  The  house  occupied  by  the  Eedemptorist  fathers  was  formerly  the 
residence  of  Lord  Teignmouth,  and  within  its  walls  the  Bible  Society  is  said  to  have  been 
founded. 

Clapham  Park. — This  park  may  be  described  as  a  new  locality,  deriving  its  origin 
from  the  creative  genius  of  the  late  Mr.  Thomas  Cubitt,  the  eminent  architect  and 
builder.  Its  situation  to  the  south-east  of  Clapham,  on  the  rising  ground  between  that 
place  and  Brixton,  renders  it  more  airy  than  the  former,  while  it  is  less  exposed  to  the 
wind  than  the  latter.  The  site,  which  comprises  about  250  acres,  ^vas  formerly  called 
Bleak  Hill  Farm,  and  in  1824  was  taken  of  William  Atkins-Bowyer,  Esq.  (lord  of  Clapham 
manor,  and  owner  of  much  freehold  property  in  the  neighbourhood),  by  Mr.  Cubitt,  Avho 
in  the  course  of  a  few  years  entirely  changed  the  character  of  this  previously  secluded 
tract.  The  ground  was  planted  with  trees  and  ornamental  shrubs,  variously  subdivided 
for  the  erection  of  detached  villas,  &c.,  and  new  and  wide  roads,  extending  to  the  length 
of  about  four  miles,  were  formed.  Clapham  Park  was  long  a  favourite  place  of  resi- 
dence for  ftmiilics  of  respectability  and  affluence ;  but  a  newer  and  perhaps  more  attrac- 
tive quarter  has  since  sprung  up  in  "  The  Cedars,"  on  the  opposite  side  of  Clapham 
Common. 

Adyowson,  &c. — In  the  Yalor  of  20  Edward  I.  this  benefice,  a  rectory  in  the  deanery 
of  Southwark,  is  rated  at  14  marks.  It  was  then  charged  with  a  pension  of  20s.  to 
the  priory  of  Merton,  to  which  foundation  the  advowson  had  probably  been  given  by 
Pharamus  de  Bolonia,  either  in  the  reign  of  Stephen  or  of  Henry  II.  In  the  King's  books 
it  is  valued  at  £8,  paying  7s.  7d.  for  procurations,  and  2s.  l|d.  for  synodals.  In  3G 
Henry  VIII.  the  advowson  was  granted  by  the  Crown  to  Sir  Thomas  Arundel  and  Henry 
Saunders,  but  in  the  reign  of  James  I.  it  was  conveyed  to  the  Atkins  fiunily,  and  has 
since  descended  with  the  manor.  The  commuted  rent-charge  is  £500,  inclusive  of 
£11  Gs.  for  11  acres  of  glebe,  consisting  of  houses  and  gardens.  The  Pegistcrs  commence 
in  1552,  and  are  nearly  perfect.  The  following  instances  of  longevity  occur  among  the 
entries  in  the  early  part  of  the  present  century: — Sarah,  widow  of  Edward  Ashby, 
aged  one  hundred  years,  buried  May  12,  1801 ;  Priscilla  Mee,  spinster,  aged  ninety- 
two,  buried  March  15,  1804 ;  and  Catherine  Eobcrts,  aged  ninety-nine,  buried  Decem- 
ber 14, 1804. 

VOL.    III.  P 


34  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

Rectors  of  Clapham  in  and  since  1800  : — 

l.—Jo/m  Venn,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1792.* 

2.— William  Bealiri/,  D.D.,  F.A.S.     Instituted  in  1813. 

3. —  William  Henri/  Wentworth  Atltins-Bowijer.    Instituted  in  1817. 

4. — Fitzivilliam  Wen/ivorth  Athins-Boivjjcr,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1872. 

The  old  churclL  at  Clapham,  dedicated  to  the  Holy  Trinity,  stood  on  the  spot  now 
occupied  by  St.  Paul's  Church,  on  commanding  ground  between  Lark  Hall  Lane  and  the 
"Wandsworth  Eoad.  It  appears  to  have  originally  consisted  of  nave  and  chancel  only. 
An  additional  chapel  (afterwards  the  monumental  chapel  of  the  Athins  family)  was 
attached  to  the  north-west  side  in  1500  ;  and  a  corresponding  one,  called  Walter  Frost's 
Chapel,  was  built  on  the  south-west  side  about  1G74  ;  these  formed  a  western  transept. 
A  north  aisle  was  added,  about  1715,  by  Hewer  E.  Hewer,  Esq.,  and  a  south  aisle  at 
a  subsequent  time  by  the  parishioners.  Becoming  much  dilapidated,  and  altogether 
inadequate  for  the  increased  population,  an  Act  of  Parliament  was  obtained  in  1774 
for  the  erection  of  a  new  church  on  the  common.  On  the  completion  of  the  latter 
the  old  building  was  pulled  down,  except  the  north  aisle,  which  was  left  standing  for 
the  performance  of  the  burial  service  until  the  new  church  of  St.  Paul  was  built. 

In  the  old  church  were  several  sepulchral  memorials  of  considerable  interest,  which, 

*  This  gentleman  was  tlie  son  of  tlie  Hev.  Henry  Venn,  curate  of  Clai^ham,  where  he  was  horn  in  1759.  His  lather 
having  removed  to  Huddersfield,  in  Yorkshire,  he  received  the  earlier  part  of  his  education  in  a  school  at  Leeds,  and  was 
afterwards  a  pnpU  at  other  schools  in  the  same  county,  and  at  Leicester.  He  next  hecame  a  student  at  Sidney  Sussex 
College,  Cambridge,  where  he  took  the  degree  of  B.A.  in  1781.  He  was  ordained  deacon  in  1782,  and  officiated  as  curate 
to  his  father  ;  and  having  obtained  the  order  of  priesthood  in  1783,  he  was  presented  to  the  living  of  Little  Dereham,  in 
Norfolk.  In  1792  he  succeeded  Sir  James  Stonehouse  as  Eector  of  Clapham  ;  and  at  that  place  he  principally  resided 
from  the  beginning  of  1793  until  his  decease  in  1813.  It  does  not  appear  that  he  published  any  work,  except  a  Selection 
of  Psalms  and  Hymns  to  be  used  in  his  parish  church  ;  but  three  volumes  of  Sermons  from  his  manuscripts  issued  from 
the  press  after  his  death.  The  elder  Mr.  Venn  was  a  man  of  eminence  among  those  styled  Evangelical  clergymen  ; 
and  he  was  the  author  of  a  popular  work  entitled  "  The  Complete  Duty  of  Man." 

Among  other  rectors  of  Clapham  of  some  note  in  literatiu'e  was  Nicholas  Brady,  D.D.,  instituted  in  1705-6,  on  the 
presentation  of  Lady  Atkius  ;  and  he  held  the  living,  together  with  that  of  Eichmond,  until  his  decease  in  1726.  He 
was  a  native  of  Bandon,  in  Ireland,  and  a  lineal  descendant  of  the  first  Protestant  Bishop  of  Meath.  He  was  born  in 
1659,  and  received  his  education  partly  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  and  partly  at  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  where  he  took 
the  degree  of  B.A.,  and  at  a  subseqiient  period  was  made  D.D.  He  is  said  to  have  been  a  zealous  promoter  of  the 
Revolution  in  1688,  which  probably  contributed  to  hLs  future  ecclesiastical  preferment  ;  for  having  removed  to  England, 
he  was  made  Chaplain  to  the  King  and  Queen,  William  and  Mary,  and  had  other  appointments.  Dr.  Brady  was  the 
author  of  a  tragedy,  a  translation  of  the  ^neid  of  Virgil,  and  several  volumes  of  Sermons  ;  but  his  only  literary  produc- 
tion which  has  preserved  his  memory  from  oblivion  is  the  "  New  Version  of  the  Psabns,"  which  he  executed  in  concert 
with  Nahum  Tate,  the  poet  laureate. 

His  successor,  the  Rev.  Anthony  Blackwall,  master  of  the  Grammar  School  at  Market  Bosworth,  in  Leicestershire, 
was  instituted  to  this  living  in  1726,  on  the  gift  of  Sir  Henry  Atkins,  his  former  pupil.  He  was  then  advanced  in  age,  and  it 
is  said,  in  Nichols's  "  Anecdotes  of  Bosvyer,"  that  having  been  on  this  occasion  somewhat  abruptly  questioned  by  a  chaplain 
who  was  much  his  junior  as  to  Ids  literary  attainments,  he  replied  witli  some  indignation,  "  Boy,  I  have  forgotten  more  than 
ever  you  knew  !  "    Having  resigned  his  rectory  in  1729,  he  retired  to  Market  Bosworth,  and  died  at  his  school  there  in  1730. 


1908517 

CLAPHAM.  35 

though  cared  for  at  fii-st,  were  eveutiially  ruthlesslj'  dcstroj-cd.  Amoug  them  Avas  the 
altar  tomb  of  Sir  Eichard  Atkins,  Knt.  and  Earl.,*  and  his  lady,  Rebecca,  daughter  of 
Sir  Edmund  Wright,  reiDresented  by  recumbent  figures  of  white  marble.  They  were 
buried  in  a  vault  in  the  chiirchyard,  together  with  Henry,  their  eldest  son,  and  Rebecca 
and  Annabella,  their  first  and  second  daughters,  to  whose  memory  a  mural  monument 
was  erected  against  the  east  wall  of  the  Atkins  Chapel.  The  latter  were  represented  by 
sculptured  figm-es,  kneeling  under  an  arch  supported  by  Corinthian  columns  of  white 
marble ;  and  beneath  each  was  an  inscription,  recording  the  name,  age,  &c.,  together  with 
an  epitaph  in  verse  of  a  highly  eulogistic  description,  as  a  specimen  of  which,  that  on 
Annabella,  the  eldest  daughter,  who  died  in  1G70,  in  her  nineteenth  year,  is  subjoined  : — 

"  Could  Teares  have  sav'J  Iier  precious  Life,  noe  douLt, 
A  gen'ral  Deluge  had  been  poured  out  ; 
Or  could  the  skill  of  all  the  Learned  have 
Prevailed  hut  to  reprieve  her  from  the  Grave, 
Mankind  had  ne'er  permitted  soe  much  Worth 
(To  theyre  great  Loss),  to  vanish  from  the  Earth. 
She  dyed  young  ; — not  that  she  really  could 
Be  Weary  yet  so  soon  of  doeing  Good  ; 
But  fit  for  Heaven  she  without  pretence 
Jlight  justly  scorn  a  meaner  Residence."  t 

Another  monument,  of  an  architectural  kind  and  of  the  Corinthian  order,  recorded 
in  Latin  verse  the  memory  of  Bartholomew  Clcrke,  Dean  of  the  Arches,  and  lord  of 
Clapham  (who  died  in  1589),  and  Eleanor  Ilaselrigge,  his  wife:  they  Avcre  represented, 
together  with  their  son,  by  figures  kneeling  within  arched  recesses  ;  above  the  cornice 
was  a  large  shield,  blazoned  with  the  arms  and  quarterings  of  their  respective  families. 

Near  the  above  were  inscribed  tablets  in  memory  of  Martin  Lister,  M.D.,  F.E.S.,  and 

He  obtained  considerable  reimtation  as  a  critic  and  classical  scholar,  founded  chiefly  on  a  work  entitled  "  The  Sacred 
Classics  illustrated  and  defended,"  of  which  a  Latin  translation  was  published  at  Leipsio  in  1736.  Among  the  pupils 
of  Mr.  Blackwall  whose  attainments  were  creditable  to  his  talents  as  a  teacher  was  Richard  Dawes,  the  author  of 
"  Miscellanea  Critica." 

*  Sir  Richard  Atkins,  grandson  of  Dr.  Atkins,  the  purchaser  of  this  manor,  died  in  1689.  His  tomb  was  enclosed  by 
an  iron  railing,  decorated  with  heraldic  insignia  of  his  family  and  its  alliances,  and  by  pennons  displaying  their  various 
crests.  His  father.  Sir  Henry  Atkins,  and  his  son.  Sir  Richard,  were  also  conmiemorated  here.  For  numerous  inscrip- 
tions that  were  in  the  old  church  and  church3'ard  the  inquirer  is  referred  to  Manning  and  Bray,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  iii.  pp. 
364 — 369.  In  Rawlinson's  Notes  on  Aubrey,  in  tlie  Bodleian  Library,  the  subjoined  epigram  is  stated  to  have  been  cut  on 
a  gravestone  here  : — 

"  From  Duns  secure,  if  Creditors  should  come. 

For  once  a  Debtor  may  be  found  at  home. 

By  Death  arrested,  and  in  Gaol  here  laid. 

The  first  and  last,  the  only  Debt  he  paid." 

+  The  above  monument  was  entirely  destroyed,  and  the  effigies  themselves  consigned  to  sepulture  in  one  of 
the  vaults  when  the  new  chapel  was  built.  Though  in  a  bad  taste  in  regard  to  dress, — the  son,  who  died  at  the  age  of 
twenty-four-  in  1677,  being  represented  in  a  Roman  dress,  ^rith  a  flowing  peruke,  and  the  daughters,  in  gOTvna  with  full 
sleeves  and  stiff  bodices — they  were  finely  wrought,  and  deserved  preservation  aboveground. 

f2 


35  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

his  Avife  Hannah.     lie  died  in   1711-12,  and  left  £o  to.  the  parish  for  a  coramcmoration 
sermon  for  his  wife,  and  for  other  charitable  purposes.* 

'  Some  little  deference  was  shown  to  the  monument  of  William  Hewer,  Esq.,  "  Treasurer 
for  Tangier  to  Charles  II.,  and  Commissioner  of  the  Navy  to  James  II.,"  which,  removed 
from  the  interior  of  the  old  church,  has  been  affixed  against  the  exterior  south  wall  of 
the  chapel.  It  exhibits  an  expressive  marble  bust,  iii  alto-relievo,  of  the  deceased  ofiioer, 
who  died  in  1715.  Below  it. is  a  long  inscription  to  his  memory  in  Latin,  but  now 
scarcely  to  be  read. 

St.  Paul's  CnrRCii  is  a  uniform  edifice  of  brick,  erected,  as  stated  above,  in  1814,  on 
the  site  of  the  old  parish  church  of  Clapham.  It  was  built  from  the  designs  of 
Mr.  C.  Edmonds,  architect,  at  a  cost  of  about  £5,000.  At  the  west  end  are  a  low 
entrance  portico  and  two  side  doors,  and  on  the  roof  a  bell  turret,  surmounted  by  a  small 
cupola  and  vane.  In  the  vestry-room  are  preserved  two  brasses  which  were  in  the  old 
church;  one  of  these  records  the  name  of  ♦  ffiliU'm'S  'CTablccr,'  ob.  1401,  and  the  other 
that  of  "  Guliclmus  Glanvill,  Gencrosus,"  an  Exeter  merchant,  who  died  of  a  fever 
arising  from  fatigue  on  his  route  to  London  in  1647. 

Among  the  various  memorials  in  this  chapel  is  a  handsome  tablet  against  the  south 
wall  for  Mary,  wife  of  Samuel  Morton  Peto,  Esq.,  who  died  in  1842  ;  and  at  the  cast 
end  of  the  south  gallery  a  beautiful  monument  executed  by  C'hantrey,  in  white  marble, 
exhibiting  a  mourning  female  leaning  on  a  sarcophagus,  upon  which  is  a  sepulchral  urn. 
This  was  erected  by  his  widow  to  the  memory  of  John  Broadly  "Wilson,  Esq.,  of  Clapham., 
who  died  in  1835.  He  was  distinguished  for  his  benevolence  and  numerous  charities,  "for 
the  extension  of  religion  and  relief  of  his  distressed  fellow-creatures,"  and,  as  the 
inscription  states,  "he  knew  uo  party,  but  delighted  in  doing  good  to  all."  This 
chapel,  which  affords  accommodation  for  750  persons  (including  the  free  seats),  was  first 
opened  in  1815. 

In  the   old   burial-ground   attached   to    this  church,  and  considerably  enlarged  (no 

*  Dr.  Lister  was  a  native  of  Eadcliffe,  in  Buckinghamsliire,  Lut  descended  of  a  Yorksliiie  family  -n-hich  had  obtained 
considerable  medical  reputation  ;  he  was  brought  up  under  his  great-uncle,  Sir  Martin  Lister,  Physician  in  Ordinary  to 
Charles  I.  After  a  collegiate  education,  and  travelling  in  France  for  improvement,  he  commenced  practice  at  York,  but 
afterwards  removed  to  London,  having  acciuired  much  eminence  in  his  profession.  He  devoted  his  leisure  to  researches 
in  natural  history  and  archaeology,  but  more  especially  to  the  study  of  conchology.  Besides  other  works  on  that  subject, 
he  published  in  168.5,  under  the  title  of  "  Synopsis  Conchyliorum,"  a  splendid  collection  of  very  accurate  engravings 
(forming  two  volumes  folio),  representing  all  the  shells  known  in  his  time,  the  drawings  for  which  were  made  by  his 
two  daughters,  Susannah  and  Anne.  In  1698  Dr.  Lister  accompanied  the  Earl  of  Portland  in  his  embassy  to  the 
court  of  France  ;  and  on  his  return  he  published  the  result  of  his  observations,  under  the  title  of  "  A  Journey  to  Paris," 
which  was  satirized,  or  rather  burlesqued,  by  Dr.  Wm.  King,  a  contemporary  Tory  partisan,  in  a  tract  called  "  A 
Journey  to  London.''  In  1709  he  was  appointed  Physician  to  Queen  Anne,  and,  as  such,  continued  until  his  decease 
in  1712. 


interments  being  permitted  in  or  near  the  present  fabric),  arc  numerous  tombs,  some 
mncli  ornamented,  and  other  inscribed  memorials  for  respectable  individuals  and 
families  of  tbis  parish,  but  of  which  our  limits  will  not  admit  any  enumeration.  Among 
them  is  the  following  plaintive  epitaph  in  memory  of  John  Hermon  Jerdenson  Meger,  a 
native  of  Porsground,  in  Norway,  who  died  in  1812  : — 

Far  from  his  Country  ami  his  much-lov'd  home, 
A  Stranger  rests  beneath  this  humble  tomb : 
4  Yet  soon,  or  Seas,  or  Space,  or  Death,  no  more, 

Shall  sever  from  the  Friends  we  lov'd  before. 
Thou  too,  0  Reader,  art  a  Stranger  here  : 
Heav'n  is  thy  home ;  Oh  !  seek  thy  dwelUng  there. 

Claphah  Chuech  was  built  in  1775-G,  and  is  dedicated  to  the  Holy  Trinity. 
It  occupies  a  pleasant  site  on  the  north-west  side  of  the  common,  and  was  consecrated 
and  opened  for  divine  service  by  Dr.  Hurd,  Bishop  of  Lichfield  and  Coventry,  in  1776. 
The  architect  was  Mr.  Oouse,  and  the  cost  of  its  erection  about  £11,000.  It  is  con- 
structed of  brick  with  stone  dressings,  but  has  little  architectural  ornament,  the  whole 
being  of  the  plain  substantial  character  that  pervades  the  ecclesiastical  structures  raised 
in  the  early  part  of  the  reign  of  George  III.  At  the  west  end  is  a  long  portico,  erected 
in  1812,  under  which  are  the  principal  entrances.  At  this  end  also  is  a  square  clock 
tower,  rising  above  the  roof,  surmounted  by  an  octagonal  story,  crowned  by  a  cupola 
and  small  turret.  The  interior,  90  feet  in  length  and  GO  feet  in  breadth,  contains 
accommodation  for  about  1,400  persons,  and  is  chiefly  fitted  up  with  foreign  oak.  On 
each  side,  and  at  the  west  end,  is  a  large  gallery,  the  latter  containing  a  fine-toned 
organ,  much  enlarged  by  Bishop  in  1825.  In  a  semicircular  recess  at  the  cast  end  is 
the  communion-table,  and  above  it  are  the  Lord's  prayer,  creed,  and  commandments  in 
ornamental  compartments.  The  large  east  window  is  enriched  with  stained  glass, 
executed  by  George  Pricket  of  Tork. 

In  the  gallery  on  the  north  side,  at  the  east  end,  is  a  handsome  tablet,  by  "Westmacott, 
in  memory  of  John  Thornton,  Esq.,  a  principal  contributor  to  the  building  of  the  church, 
and  who  died  in  1790.  Against  the  wall  of  the  north  aisle,  beneath  the  gallery,  are 
several  tablets.     One  is  thus  inscribed  : — 

Near  tlds  spot  are  deposited  the  remains  of  John  Gillies,  LL.D.  F.R.S.  F.A.S.,  member  of  several  Literary 
and  Scientific  Institutions  at  home  and  abroad.  Historiographer  to  his  Majesty  for  Scotland,  and  author  of 
many  works  distinguished  by  sound  learning  and  philosophical  research.  In  youth  he  was  an  ardent  and 
indefatigable  student  :  his  manhood  was  devoted  to  the  useful  and  honourable  application  of  liis  acquirements. 
A  life.©f  the  strictest  integrity  and  most  active  benevolence  was  closed  in  retirement,  blessed  with  calm  piety 
and  firm  faith  in  the  atonement  and  mediation  of  his  Redeemer.  He  died  at  Clapham,  on  the  15th  of  February, 
1836,  in  the  90th  year  of  his  age. 


38  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

Another  memorial  records  the  scriptural  kno'n'lcdgo  and  general  virtues  of  the  Eev. 
John  Venn,  M.A.,  "  for  twenty  years  rector  of  this  parish,"  who  died  in  1813. 

In  the  south  aisle  is  a  monument  exhibiting  a  medallion  of  Bishop  Jebb,  and  thus 

inscribed : — 

Tlie  Remains  of  John  Jebb,  tlio  Learned,  the  Wise,  the  Good,  Bishoi)  of  Limerick,  are  deposited  in  the 
tomb  of  the  Tliorntons,  by  permission  of  a  Family  to  which  he  was  united  by  a  bond  of  no  common  Friendship, 
lie  died  on  the  9th  day  of  November,  1833,  in  the  59th  year  of  his  age. 

The  hist  Memorial  of  a  Brother's  Love. 

St.  John's  Church. — The  great  increase  of  the  population  in  the  northern  part  of  the 
parish  led  to  the  building  of  this  church,  which  stands  on  the  western  side  of  the  Clapham 
Eoad,  and  it  Avas  consecrated  for  divine  service  in  1842,  The  funds  were  party  supplied 
by  the  Society  for  the  Erection  of  New  Churches,  but  chiefly  by  voluntary  contributions  of 
the  neighbouring  inhabitants.  It  is  constructed  of  white  brick  with  stone  dressings, 
and  has  an  entrance  portico  of  stone,  formed  by  six  columns  of  the  Ionic  order  supporting 
a  pediment,  the  apex  of  which  is  surmounted  by  a  cross.  On  each  side  of  tlie  church  are 
five  large  windows  encased  in  stone.  From  the  absence  of  either  tower,  steeple,  or  spire, 
it  has  more  the  appearance  of  a  Grecian  temple  than  a  Christian  church.  The  interior  is 
plain, 

St.  Saviour's  Church,  in  Cedars  Eoad,  was  built  in  1864,  from  the  designs  of  Mr. 
J.  Knowles,  and  at  the  cost  of  the  Eev.  W.  Bowyer.  It  is  a  large,  cruciform  structure, 
with  a  central  tower  surmounted  with  pinnacles.  The  windows  are  enriched  with  stained 
glass  by  Messrs.  Clayton  and  Bell,  This  church  remained  imconsecrated  down  to  1873, 
in  consequence  of  the  bishop  of  the  diocese  objecting  to  the  position  of  a  monument  of 
Mr,  Bowyer,  which  had  been  placed  under  the  tower,  in  front  of  the  altar-rails.  The 
monument,  with  its  recumbent  effigy,  has  been  removed  to  the  north  transept. 

St.  James's  Chapel. — This  is  an  episcopal  chapel,  situated  on  Park  Hill,  about  half  a 
mile  from  Clapham  Common,  It  was  built  from  the  designs  of  Lewis  Vnlliamy,  Esq.,  the 
entire  cost  of  its  erection  being  defrayed  by  voluntary  contributions ;  and  it  was  first 
opened  for  divine  service  in  1829.  From  being  constructed  of  light-coloured  brick  with 
stone  dressings,  it  has,  at  a  little  distance,  all  the  appearance  of  stone.  It  is  an  excellent 
composition  in  the  decorated  branch  of  the  pointed  style.  The  west  front  is  divided  into 
three  compartments  by  graduated  buttresses  with  enriched  pinnacles  ;  and  the  gable  end  of 
the  roof  is  surmounted  by  a  clock  and  bell  tm-ret  in  three  stages,  finishing  in  a  spire  and 
cross,  much  ornamented.  In  the  central  compartment  of  this  front,  which  is  of  greater 
width  than  the  side  divisions,  is  a  handsome  window  of  three  lights,  with  rich  tracery  in 
the  heading  :  in  the  side  divisions  are  smaller  windows  of  two  lights  each.     Below  these 


are  door^vays ;  but  the  principal  access  is  by  a  projecting  porcli  in  the  centre,  separated 
by  small  buttresses  into  three  entrances,  the  central  one  being  surmounted  by  a  gable  and 
cross.  There  arc  five  windows  of  two  lights  between  buttresses  on  each  side,  and  an 
eastern  window  corresponding  with  that  over  the  west  porch. 

The  interior  has  a  light  and  impressive  effect.  The  roof,  of  the  gable  form,  is  crossed 
by  beams  supported  by  open-framed  and  carved  truss-work  springing  from  central  brackets 
between  each  window.  The  communion-table  is  of  stone,  and  above  it,  enclosed  by  Gotliic 
panelling,  are  the  Lord's  prayer,  creed,  and  commandments.  Some  modern  stained  glass 
is  introduced  iu  the  heading  of  the  east  window,  and  likewise  fills  the  small  cruciform 
window,  near  the  apex  of  the  eastern  gable  wall.  The  patronage  is  vested  in  trustees. 
This  church  was  restored  iu  1871.  New  schools  were  erected  iu  this  parish  in  18-30,  at  a 
cost  of  £1,320. 

All  Saints'  was  built  iu  18-58,  at  a  cost  of  £1,100.  The  school  and  school-house 
were  built  in  180-1. 

St.  Stephen's  was  erected  in  18G7,  at  a  cost  of  £5,700. 

Schools. — In  1648  a  parochial  school  was  erected  near  the  middle  of  the  old  town  of 
Clapham,  on  ground  given  by  Eobert  Atkins,  Esq.,  lord  of  the  manor.  This  was  rebuilt 
in  1781,  aud  added  to  in  1809  :  a  schoolroom  on  an  extensive  scale  was  erected  near  the 
common  in  1838,  exclusively  for  boys.  With  these  are  connected  six  schools  for  infants, 
and  several  Sunday  schools,  as  well  as  daily  and  evening  schools.  They  are  all  in  union 
with  the  Established  Church,  and,  except  an  endowment  of  £8  per  annum,  are  supported  by 
voluntary  contributions.*  A  commercial  school  for  boys,  and  a  middle  school  for  girls, 
were  also  instituted  under  the  supcriutcndence  of  the  clergy.  A  British  and  Foreign 
school  was  also  established. 

'Near  St.  John's  Church,  at  Clapham  Eise,  is  the  British  Orphan  Asylum,  founded  iu 
1827.  This  is  an  extensive  pile  of  brick  building,  commodiously  fitted  up  for  the  reception, 
maintenance,  and  religious  and  industrial  education  of  the  destitute  orphans  of  both  sexes, 
whose  parents  have  moved  in  the  middle  and  respectable  classes  of  society.  The  children 
of  the  incurably  paralytic,  insane,  or  blind,  being  virtually  orphans,  are  likewise  received 
into  this  charity,  which  is  wholly  supported  by  voluntary  subscriptions. 

There  are  several  Dissenting  chapels  in  this  parish.     An  Independent  congregation  was 

*  Tlie  endo-^vment  mentioned  above  is  composed  of  tlie  two  sums  of  £2  arising  from  a  gift  made  liy  Francis  Bridges 
and  his  wik  in  1647,  and  of  £6  bequeathed  by  William  Hewer,  Esq.,  in  1715,  payable  from  liis  estate  at  Clapham. 
There  are  several  small  charities  connected  with  tliis  parish  for  giving  bread,  coals,  &c.,  to  the  ]ioor;  and  a  legacy  of  £700 
in  3  per  cent.  Consols  was  left  by  Mrs.  Cook  (widow  of  Captain  Cook,  the  celebrated  circumnavigator),  who  died  in  1835, 
the  interest  to  be  disposed  of  by  the  rector,  twice  a  year,  to  six  poor  widows. 


^o  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

established  at  Clapliam  about  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century  by  Wra.  Bridge,  a 
member  of  the  Assembly  of  Divines  at  Westminster,  and  one  of  the  most  eminent  Non- 
conformists of  the  time.  He  had  several  successors  of  some  celebrity,  among  vs^hom  were 
the  learned  Moses  Lowman  and  Dr.  Philip  Furneaux.  During  the  latter's  pastorship  the 
meeting-house  in  Clapham  old  town  was  erected  about  17G9.*  It  is  an  old-fashioned 
brick  building,  substantially  fitted  up.  There  are  a  lower  gallery,  extending  along  three 
sides  of  the  chapel,  and  upper  galleries  for  the  Sunday  school  of  this  society  :  in  the 
western  gallery  is  a  small  full-toned  organ. 

On  the  western  side  of  Clapham  Common  is  a  meeting-house  for  the  General  Baptists, 
established  in  1794,  and  endowed  with  30  guineas  per  annum,  and  the  interest  of 
£2,000,  both  given  by  Abraham  Atkins,  Esq.f  It  is  built  in  the  lancet  style  of  pointed 
architectm-e,  and  seats  about  500  persons.  The  Congregational  chapel  in  Grafton  Square, 
built  in  1872,  is  one  of  the  most  commodious  and  elegant  edifices  of  the  kind  in  London. 
There  are  also  an  Anabaptist  chapel  in  Courland  Grove ;  a  Weslcyan  chapel  in  Clifton 
Street,  near  Lark  Hall ;  and  an  Independent  chapel  in  Acre  Lane. 

Near  the  north-eastern  angle  of  the  common  stands  the  Eoman  Catholic  Eedemptorist 
Church  of  Our  Lady  of  Victory,  built  in  1819.  This  is  remarkable  for  its  lofty  and 
elegant  stone  spii-e,  and  its  fine  peal  of  bells. 

Local  Occurrences. — In  1603  this  parish  was  visited  by  the  plague:  among  its 
victims  were  the  Eev.  Edw.  Couchman  (then  rector),  his  wife,  their  three  children,  and 
the  maidservant,  all  of  whom  died  in  the  course  of  thi-ee  days.  The  first  stage-coach, 
travelling  once  daily  between  Clapham  and  Gracechurch  Street,  was  established  in  1690 
by  John  Day  and  John  Bundy.  Clapham  now  has  its  railway  stations,  besides  a  constant 
stream  of  omnibuses  and  tram-cars  to  almost  all  parts  of  the  metropolis. 

*  The  Rev.  Moses  Lowman,  wlio  distinguished  himself  by  his  -vvritings  on  ecclesiastical  history  and  antiquities,  was 
bom  in  1680.  He  at  first  studied  the  law  at  the  Middle  Temple,  hut  afterwards  went  to  Holland,  and  became  a  student 
of  divinity  in  the  Universities  of  Utrecht  and  Leyden.  On  returning  in  1710,  he  settled  at  Clapham,  and  was  pastor  of  the 
chapel  nearly  forty  years.  He  died  in  1Y52.  Mr.  Lowman  wrote  on  the  Ci-^'il  Government  and  Religious  Rites  of  the 
Hebrews,  but  is  cliiefly  known  as  the  author  of  "  A  Paraphrase  and  Notes  on  the  Revelation  of  St.  John,"  wliich  has 
been  eulogized  by  Dr.  Doddridge,  Bishop  Toniline,  and  other  divines,  and  repeatedly  printed. 

Dr.  Pliilip  Furneaux  succeeded  as  pastor  of  this  congregation  in  1752.  He  was  a  native  of  Totnes,  in  Devonshire, 
and  had  been  assistant  minister  at  a  chapel  in  St.  Thomas's  Street,  Southwark,  previously  to  his  settlement  at  Clapham. 
He  was  highly  esteemed  for  the  respectability  of  his  private  character,  and  for  his  talents  as  a  preacher  of  the  gospel ;  but 
after  he  had  held  the  ministerial  ofiice  about  twenty-three  years,  an  attack  of  insanity — said  to  have  been  hereditary  in 
his  family,  and  from  which  he  never  recovered — rendered  him  incapable  of  attending  to  his  pastoral  duties,  and  untU 
his  death  in  1783  he  was  supported  by  the  liberal  subscriptions  of  his  friends.  Dr.  Fumeaux's  reputation  as  an  author 
was  founded  on  his  "  Letters  to  Judge  Blackstone  concerning  his  Exposition  of  the  Act  of  Toleration,  &c.,  in  his  Com- 
mentaries on  the  Laws  of  England,"  1770,  8vo.  He  likewise  published  "An  Essay  on  Toleration,"  and  several 
sermons. 

+  Lysons,  "  En\-irons,"  Supplement,  p.  20. 


LAMBETH. 


The  name  of  this  pari:>Ii  is  variously  S2:)clt  as  Lumhhi/dc,  Lainhijl^  Lainhci^  to  which  miglit 
be  added  many  other  diversities  of  designation  occurring  in  deeds  and  records  of  different 
periods.*  In  the  Doomsday  Book  it  is  styled  Lanchei,  probably  by  mistake  for  Lamhei. 
Camden  and  other  antiquaries  have  indulged  in  much  speculation  concerning  the  etymology 
of  this  name,  but  then-  conjectures  are  little  satisfactory. 

This  very  extensive  parish  is  bounded  by  the  Thames  on  the  north,  and  borders  on 
Xe-wington  and  Camberwell  to  the  east,  on  Croydon,  Streatham,  and  Clapham  to  the  south, 
and  on  Eattersea  and  the  river  Thames  to  the  west.  It  is  divided  into  eight  precincts, 
namely,  the  Bishop's  Liberty,  the  Prince's  Liberty,  Faukes-hall,  or  Vauxhall,  Kcnnington, 
Lambeth  Marsh,  the  "Wall  Liberty,  Stockwell,  and  Lambeth  Dean,  or  the  Dean's  Liberty. 
It  includes  the  districts  belonging  to  the  churches  of  St.  John,  'Waterloo  Eoad  ;  St.  Mark. 
Kennington;  St.  Matthew,  Brixton;  St.  Luke,  Xorwood ;  St.  Mary,  Lambeth  Butts; 
St.  Michael's,  North  Brixton ;  Holy  Trinity ;  and  All  Saints. 

The  soil  varies  considerably  in  different  parts,  consisting,  near  the  river,  of  brick- clay 
resting  on  sand  and  gravel ;  but  on  the  south,  towards  Croydon,  the  clay  predominates. 
In  this  soil  especially  the  oak  flourishes.  Partly  in  this  parish,  and  partly  in  Croydon, 
was  the  great  wood  mentioned  by  Aubrey  called  "Norwood,  belonging  to  the  See  of 
Canterbury,  wherein  was  an  ancient  remarkable  tree  called  'the  Vicar's  Oak,'  where  four 
parishes  meet  in  a  point.  This  wood  consists  wholly  of  Oaks."  f  Tlic  Vicar's  Oak  Avas 
cut  down  in  1679. 

The  earliest  mention  of  this  place  by  name  is  in  the  Saxon  Chronicle,  ^itli  reference  to 
the  death  of  Uardyknute,  the  last  of  the  Danish  Kings  of  England,  who  is  stated  to  have 
died  suddenly  in  June,  1041,  at  Lambeth.  But  this  event  appears  to  have  occurred  at 
Clapham,  which  may  then  have  formed  a  part  of  the  parish  of  Lambeth.  J  In  1002  King 
Edward,  afterwards  called  the  Confessor,  gave  Lambeth,  with  other  estates,  to  the 
monastery  of  "VValtham,  in  Essex.  At  the  end  of  the  charter  relative  to  this  grant  the 
boundaries  are  thus  described  : — '•  These  are  the  bounds  of  the  land  at  Lainbchythc  :  first, 
at  the  Stone  of  Brixi  (Brixstan)  ;  and  thence  by  the  wood  to  Mordcn,  and  then  to  the 
Gnarled  Tree ;  and  from  that  tree  to  Hyse  ;  and  from  Ilyse  to  Elsy's  Close,  and  again  to 
the  road ;  and  thence,  by  the  line  of  the  road,  to  the  Stone  of  Brixi."  § 

*  See  Ducarel,  "  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  the  Palace  of  Lambetb,"  pp.  1,  2. 

+  Aubrey,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  33.  X  See  above,  under  ClaiAam,  p.  28. 

§  See  Dugdale'a  "  Monasticon,"  vol.  vi.  p.  61,  edit.  1830. 

VOL.  III.  G 


+2  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

According  to  William  of  Malmesbury,  after  the  death  of  King  Edward,  Harold, 
the  son  of  Etui  Godwin,  placed  the  crown  on  his  head  with  his  own  hands  at 
Lamhhythe. 

Two  manors  called  Lanchei  (Lamhei)  are  described  in  the  Doomsday  Boole,  and  also  a 
third,  named  Chenintune  (Kennington) : — 

"  In  Brixistan  Hundred.  The  Land  of  the  Church  of  Lanchei.  The  manor  of 
St.  Llary,  which  is  called  Lanchei,  was  held  by  the  Countess  Goda,  the  sister  of  Zing 
Edward.  It  was  then  assessed  at  10  hides ;  now  at  1\  hides.  The  arable  land 
amounts  to  12  carucates.  There  are  in  the  demesne  2  carucates ;  and  twelve  villains, 
and  twenty-seven  bordars,  with  4  carucates.  There  is  a  Church.  Nineteen  burgesses  in 
London  pay  36s. ;  and  there  are  three  bondmen,  and  16  acres  of  meadow.  The  wood 
yields  three  swine.  In  the  time  of  King  Edward,  and  afterwards,  it  was  valued  at  £10 ; 
now,  at  £11.  The  Bishop  of  Baieux  hath  one  culture  of  laud  in  this  manor,  which  before 
and  after  the  death  of  Goda  belonged  to  the  Church." 

"In  Brixton  Hundred,  the  Earl  of  Moriton,  or  Mortaign,  holds  Lanchei,  which 
the  Canons  of  Waltham  held  of  Herald.  It  Avas  then  assessed  at  6i  hides;  now  at 
nothing.  The  arable  land  is  6  carucates.  There  is  in  the  demesne  1  carucate ;  and 
'five  villains,  and  twelve  bordars,  with  3  carucates.  There  is  one  bondman;  and  G  acres 
of  meadow.  In  the  time  of  King  Edward  it  Avas  valued  at  100s. ;  afterwards,  and  at 
present,  at  £4." 

Among  the  lands  of  the  King's  Thanes  "  Theodric  the  Goldsmith  holds  of  the  King, 
Chenintune,  which  he  held  of  King  Edward.  It  was  then  assessed  at  5  hides ;  now,  at 
1  hide  and  3  virgates.  The  arable  land  consists  of  21  carucates.  There  is  in  the 
demesne  1  carucate ;  and  four  villains,  and  three  bordars,  with  2  carucates.  There  is  one 
bondman,  and  4  acres  of  meadow.     It  was,  and  is,  valued  at  £3." 

The  Manor  of  Lambeth. — The  Countess  Goda  (so  called  because  after  the  death 
of  her  first  husband,  "Walter  de  Maigne,  she  married  Eustace,  Count  of  Bologne),  in 
conjunction  with  her  husband,  granted  this  manor  to  the  Bishop  and  convent  of  Eochester, 
with  the  exception  of  the  advowson  of  the  church.  Harold,  doubtless  after  the  death  of 
King  Edward,  having  taken  the  manor  from  the  see  of  Eochester,  it  subsequently,  with  his 
other  estates,  fell  into  the  possession  of  William  the  Conqueror,  whose  son,  William  Eufus, 
restored  it  to  the  convent,  together  with  the  patronage  of  the  parish  church,  and  this  grant 
was  confirmed  by  Henry  L,  Stephen,  and  Henry  11. 

Baldwin,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  having  been  prevented  by  the  monks  of  Christ 
Church,  in  that  city,  from  establishing  a  college  of  secular  canons  at  Hackington,  near 


LAMBETH.  43 

Canterbury,  determined  to  erect  a  house  for  himself  and  his  successors,  and  likewise  a 
church  and  college,  at  Lambeth.*  Accordingly,  having  procured  from  the  canons  of 
Eochcster  a  part  of  their  court  at  Lambeth,  with  24  acres  and  1  pole  of  the  demesne  lands, 
in  exchange  for  certain  lands  in  Kent,  in  1188  ho  commenced  building  a  chapel,  intending 
to  make  it  collegiate ;  but  having  joined  in  the  crusade  under  Eichard  I.,  he  went  with 
the  Xing  to  the  Holy  Land,  where  he  died  in  1190,  leaving  the  work  unfinished. 
Eeginald,  his  successor,  held  the  sec  a  few  weeks  only ;  but  Hubert  Walter,  the  next 
archbishop,  completed  the  chapel,  and  in  order  the  more  effectually  to  execute  Baldwin's 
design,  he  commenced  a  treaty  with  the  Prior  and  Canons  of  Eochester  for  the  entire  manor 
of  Lambeth.  Gilbert  de  Glanville,  bishop  of  that  diocese,  interfered  in  the  negotiation, 
with  a  view  to  obtain  a  proper  equivalent  for  the  manor ;  and  it  was  at  length  agreed  that 
Archbishop  Hubert  should  give  to  the  confraternity,  in  exchange  for  the  manor  of  Lambeth 
with  its  appurtenances,  besides  the  land  he  had  already  surrendered,  tlic  manor  of  Darcut, 
in  Kent,  with  the  church  and  "  the  chapel  of  IIelles,"t  a  barton  [hcrcarin),  and  lands  at 
Clivc,  or  Cliffe,  and  two  hundred  and  twenty  sheep  there  kept. J  At  the  same  time 
the  Archbishop  granted  to  the  Bishop  of  Eochester  a  piece  of  ground  near  the  church 
whereon  to  erect  for  himself  a  mansion,  which  will  be  subsefLUontly  noticed.  This 
exchange  of  property  was  confirmed  by  Eichard  I.,  by  the  convent  of  Canterbury,  and 
by  Godfrey  de  Lucj^,  Bishop  of  Winchester,  in  whose  diocese  Lambeth  was  till  recently 
situated. 

The  Archbishop,  having  obtained  the  manor,  procured  from  King  John  a  grant  of  a 
market  and  a  fair  to  be  held  at  Lambeth,  but  these  have  long  been  discontinued.  On  his 
proceeding  towards  the  completion  of  the  collegiate  institution,  the  monks  of  Christ  Church, 
fearing  that  the  new  foundation  might  in  time  cause  the  removal  of  the  metropolitan  see  to 
London,  endeavoured  to  hinder  Hubert  from  executing  his  purpose ;  and  having  engaged 
the  Pope,  Innocent  III.,  in  their  interest,  that  pontiff  issued  to  the  Archbishop,  in  1199,  a 
peremptory  order  to  give  up  his  design,  and  pull  down  the  buildings  he  had  commenced. 
He  was  obliged  to  comply  with  the  requisition ;  but  the  feud  between  the  primate  and  the 
monks  continued,  and  in  1202  he  prevailed  so  far  as  to  have  the  settlement  of  the  affair 
referred  to  the  decision  of  the  Bishops  of  London  and   Ely,  and   the  Abbot  of  Bury 

*  It  appears  from  ancient  records  that  some  of  the  predecessors  of  Baldwin  had  resided  at  Lambeth  at  lea-t 
occasionally.     See  Lysons's  "  Environs,"  vol.  i.  p.  S68  ;  and  Nichols's  "  Lamhcth,"  p.  153. 

+  This  is  apparently  a  mistake  of  Dr.  Dncarel  and  others  for  Nelles,  or  the  chapel  of  St.  Margaret  Nelles. 

X  The  deed  relative  to  this  transaction  is  extant  in  the  archives  of  the  chapter  of  Rochester,  and  there  is  a  co]iy 
of  it  in  the  Cottonian  Library.  From  the  former  it  has  been  published  in  the  "  Registrum  Roifense,"  and  also  in  the 
Appendix  to  Nichols's  "  History  of  the  Parish  of  Lambeth."  This  document  has  no  date,  but  the  exchange  took 
place  in  1196. 

o  2 


^^  HISTORY  Oil  SURREY. 

St.  Edmund's,  who  determined  that  the  Archbishop  might  buikl  a  church  in  any  part  of 
Lambeth  except  where  that  had  stood  which  was  destroyed,  and  that  he  might  place  in  it 
a  limited  number  of  Premonstratensian  canons,  with  an  endowment  of  £100  a  year.  The 
college,  however,  was  not  resumed,  but  Archbishop  Hubert  made  the  manor-house  his 
principal  residence,  and  it  has  been  occupied  in  the  same  manner  by  his  successors,  but 
with  many  alterations  and  additions,  as  will  be  noticed  hereafter. 

Ever  since  this  purchase  or  exchange  was  made  the  manor  has  been  held  by  the 
Archbishops  of  Canterbury,  with  the  exception  of  the  period  of  the  Commonwealth.  In 
164:8  Lambeth  House,  together  with  the  manor,  was  offered  for  sale  by  the  Commissioner^^ 
of  the  Parliament,  when  Thomas  Scot  and  Matthew  Hardy  became  the  purchasers  for 
£7,073  Os.  8d.  After  the  Eestoration  they  were  forced  to  surrender  the  estate,  and  both 
were  excluded  from  the  benefit  of  the  Act  of  Oblivion  passed  after  the  King's  return. 
Scot,  who  had  been  one  of  the  judges  of  the  late  King,  and  secretary  to  Oliver  Cromwell, 
was  executed  as  a  traitor  at  Charing  Cross. 

This  parish  had  always  been  considered,  down  to  1877,  as  belonging  to  the  diocese  of 
Winchester,  but  it  has  been  questioned  whether  the  site  and  precincts  of  the  palace  be  not 
included  in  that  of  Canterbury.  Though  the  archbishops,  from  time  immemorial,  were 
exempt  from  payment  of  parish  rates,  an  attempt  was  made  in  1776  to  enforce  an  assess- 
ment for  the  relief  of  the  poor ;  but  the  question  having  been  argued  in  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas,  it  was  finally  decided  that  the  palace,  gardens,  and  grounds  form  an  extra- 
parochial  district. 

The  Aechiepiscopal  Palace. — The  manor-house,  when  occupied  by  Archbishop 
Hubert  Walter,  must  have  been  small  as  compared  with  its  subsequent  state.  The  date 
of  its  foundation  is  uncertain,  but  it  is  probable  that  the  vaults  under  the  chapel  formed 
a  portion  of  the  ancient  structure.*  "  It  has,"  says  Manning,  "  grown  by  degrees  to  its 
present  magnitude,  the  site  of  the  palace,  with  the  garden  and  inclosed  land,  occupying 
about  13  acres."  \  Stephen  Langton,  the  successor  of  Archbishop  Hubert,  dated  some  of 
his  public  acts  from  Lambeth  in  1209,  and  Dr.  Ducarel  supposed  that  prelate  to  have 
greatly  improved  the  mansion.  In  1262  Boniface,  who  then  held  the  see,  procured  from 
Pope  Urban  IV.  a  bull  authorising  him  to  appropriate  a  fourth  part  of  the  oblations  at 
Becket's  tomb  to  such  pious  uses  as  he  should  think  projier,  and  also  to  repair  or  build 
anew  the  old  edifices  at  Lambeth.     As  Boniface  survived  the  date   of  this  instrument 

*  Ducarel,  "  Lambetli  Palace,"  p.  12. 

t  Manning  and  Bray,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  iii.  p.  472.  See  also  the  ground-plan  in  Ducarel's  "  Lambetli,"  p.  76.  Con- 
siderable additions  ^vere,  however,  made  to  the  grounds  by  Archbishop  Moore  about  the  beginning  of  this  century,  and 
their  present  extent  is  fully  18  acres. 


LAMBETH. 

45 

about  ciglit  years,  it  may  be  conchulcd  that  he  availed  himself  of  the  Pai^al  license  to 
enlarge  and  improve  the  structure,  but  to  what  extent  is  uncertain.  Eobcrt  Ivihyardby 
jirimate  in  1272,  was  made  a  cardinal  by  the  Pope  in  1278,  when  he  resigned  the  sec  of 
Canterbury  and  went  to  Eome,  taking  with  him  not  only  the  jewels,  plate,  and  money 
but  likewise  the  Kegisters  belonging  to  the  archbishopric,  which  his  successors  in  vain 
attempted  to  recover.  Hence  the  earliest  Eegister  now  to  be  found  here  is  that  of  Arch- 
bishop Peckham,  who  succeeded  Xilwardby  in  1278.  Archbishop  Walter  Eeynolds  in 
1321  repaired  several  apartments  and  detached  structures,  as  appears  from  his  steward's 
accounts,  preserved  in  the  Lambeth  library. 

During  the  insurrection  under  "Wat  Tyler  in  1381  the  insurgents  beheaded  on  Tower 
Hill  Simon  Sudbury,  the  Archbishop  and  the  King's  Chancellor,  on  the  day  prior  to  which 
"  the  commons  from  Essex  "  had  rifled  his  palace  at  Lambeth,  and  destroyed  valuable 
property  there,  including  records  belonging  to  the  Court  of  Chancery.  William  Courtenay 
and  Thomas  Arundel,  the  immediate  successors  of  Sudbury,  repaired  the  injuries  done  to 
the  house  :  the  latter  of  those  prelates  built  a  new  chapel.  But  more  extensive  improve- 
ments were  effected  during  the  primacy  of  Henry  Chichele,  between  1424  and  1445,  and 
the  sums  of  money  he  spent,  as  well  as  the  purposes  to  which  they  were  appropriated,  are 
recorded  among  his  steward's  accounts.  The  chief  of  these  works  was  the  erection 
of  the  "  Lollards'  Tower,"  at  the  west  end  of  the  chapel,  in  1434-5,  at  a  cost  of 
£278  2s.  lUd.* 

John  Morton,  made  archbishop  in  1487,  and  afterwards  created  a  cardinal,  is  comme- 
morated by  Leland  as  having  repaired  and  renovated  this  edifice,  then  verging  to  decay.f 
He  erected  the  great  gateway  about  1490,  together  with  another  large  tower  northward  of 
the  cloisters ;  he  also  embellished  the  chapel  by  filling  the  windows  with  painted  glass, 
representing  the  Scripture  history  from  the  creation  to  the  day  of  judgment.  Archbishop 
Laud,  "at  his  coming  to  Lambeth,  found  these  windows  shameful  to  look  on,  all  diversely 
patched,  like  a  poor  beggar's  coat,  as  his  words  are,  and  he  repaired  them,  which,  at  his 
trial,  was  imputed  to  him  as  a  crime,"  it  being  alleged  that  he  had  restored  them  "  by  their 
like  in  the  mass  book."     But  this  he  utterly  denied.^ 

William  Warham,  raised  to  the  primacy  in  1504,  states  in  his  will  that  he  had 
expended  £30,000  in  repairing  and  ornamenting  his  houses  ;  but  it  is  uncertain  how  much 

*  This  seems  a  small  sum.     See,  however,  Ducarel's  "  Lambeth,"  p.  14,  for  the  items. 

t  "  Palatium  Archiepiscoporum  (apucl  Lomitliis  sive  Lamithis)  jam  ad  senium  devergerat.  Ecce  pra;sto  est  Joannes 
Moridunus,  et,  absterso  senio  omni,  florem  ac  juventutem  renovate  et  aucto  operi  magnifice  reddit.'' — Comment,  in 
Cygneam  Cantion.  Ithier.  vol.  ix.  p.  78. 

X  Ducarel,  "Lambeth,"  p.  26;  from  Laud's  "  Diarj-.* 


^b  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

of  this  money  was  laid  out  on  Lambeth  Palace.  Thomas  Cranmer,  the  next  archbishop, 
built  the  great  parlour  called  the  "steward's  parlour;"  also  '"a  summer-house  in  the 
garden,  of  exquisite  Avorkmauship."  *  Cardinal  Pole,  Metropolitan  imder  Queen  Mary, 
built  "a  gallery  towards  the  east,"  with  a  few  adjoining  apartments;  and  Aubrey 
erroneously  attributes  to  him  the  erection  of  the  gatehouse.  Matthew  Parker,  appointed 
to  the  see  by  Queen  Elizabeth  in  1570-1,  greatly  repaired  and  embellished  the  palace;  he 
covered  the  great  hall  with  shingles,  made  a  long  bridge  reaching  to  the  Thames,  restored 
the  summer-house  of  Cranmer,  repaired  two  aqueducts,  and  improved  the  di-aiuage.f  The 
metropolitans  who  presided  during  the  remainder  of  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  and  those  of 
James  I.  and  his  son,  do  not  ajjpear  to  have  made  any  improvements  requiring  notice. 
Laud's  restoration  of  the  chapel  windows  has  been  already  mentioned,  as  having  contributed 
to  excite  the  prejudices  of  his  fanatical  opponents  against  him.  In  his  "  Diary  "  he  thus 
states  the  insults  to  which  he  was  exposed  : — "  1642,  Aug.  19,  a  party  of  soldiers  came  to 
search  for  arms,  and  under  that  pretence  broke  open  doors,  and  committed  other  outrages. 
Nov.  24,  the  soldiers  broke  open  the  chapel  door,  and  offered  violence  to  the  organ. 
1643,  May  1,  the  chapel  Avindows  were  defaced,  and  the  steps  torn  up.  May  9,  all  the 
archbishop's  books  and  goods  were  seized  on,  and  even  his  very  Diary  taken  by  force  out 
of  his  pocket."  %  This  palace  (particularly  the  gatehouse  and  the  Lollards'  Tower)  was 
afterwards  used  as  a  prison  for  the  Eoyalists.  After  it  had  been  sold  by  the  Parliament, 
as  before  related,  Colonel  Thomas  Scot,  one  of  the  piu'chasers,  who  had  that  part  of  the 
building  in  which  the  chapel  was  situated,  determined  to  convert  it  into  a  "hall,  or  dancing 
room,"  for  which  purpose  he  levelled  the  tomb  of  Archbishop  Parker.  He  also  pulled 
down  the  great  hall,  sold  the  materials,  and  committed  other  depredations.  It  is  further 
stated  that  the  leaden  coffin  which  held  the  body  of  the  Archbishop  was  sold  to  a  plumber, 
the  corpse  having  been  taken  out  and  thrown  into  a  dungheap  in  one  of  the  outhouses. 
After  the  Eestoration,  however,  his  remains  were  re-interred  in  the  chapel,  where  is 
a  marble  slab,  with  this  inscription: — "Corpus  MiTTHiEi  archiepiscopi  tandem  hie 
qviescit." 

Dr.  "William  Juxon,  who  was  made  archbishop  in  1660,  on  the  restoration  of  episcopacy, 
repaired  the  chapel  and  rebuilt  the  great  hall,  on  the  plan  of  that  which  had  been 
destroyed,  with  a  Gothic  roof,  at  the  charge  of  £10,500.  But  notwithstanding  Juxon 
laid  out  so  much  money  in  the  renovation  of  this  edifice,  during  the  short  period,  scarcely 

*  Ducarel,  "  Lambeth,"  p.  15. 

+  M.  p.  17.  Craiimer's  siimiuer-liouse  was  taken  down  in  the  time  of  Archbishop  Comwallis.  The  steward's 
parlour  was  pulled  down  during  more  recent  alterations. 

X  "  Diary  of  Archbishop  Laud,"  published  by  Wharton,  pp.  65 — 7.    • 


'm€tVi-\w»  '^  '  i^imBpriniiiiiiuBplPliiiii'iil 


l|||B 
Jlillilh 


^ 


three  j'ears,  in  wliick  he  govcrued  the  sec  his  executor  M-as  obliged  to  pay  CSOO  for 
alleged  dilapidations.  Dr.  Gilbert  Sheldon,  his  successor,  completed  tlie  rep;iirs,  and, 
according  to  Aubrcj',  built  the  now  library.*  Dr.  John  Tillotsou,  -who  obtained  (lie  see; 
on  the  deprivation  of  Dr.  Bancroft,  is  said  by  Ducarel  to  have  "expended  £1,i){)0  or 
£8,000  on  Lambeth  Palace  during  the  three  years  and  seven  months  that  he  enjoyed  his 
high  dignity."  He  raised  nevs'  buildings  towards  the  gatehouse,  but  his  works  seem  to 
have  chiefly  consisted  of  alterations  and  embellishments.  Archbishop  Seeker  also  disbursed 
a  large  sum  of  money  on  the  repairs  and  decoration  of  the  chapel  and  various  other  works. 
Archbishop  Cornwallis  added  to  the  palace  a  new  drawing-room  and  a  dressing-room, 
besides  making  some  alterations  in  the  old  buildings. 

Little  was  done  to  the  palace  by  the  succeeding  primates,  Moore  and  Sutton,  who  were 
respectively  advanced  to  the  sec  of  Canterbury  in  1783  and  1805  ;  but  the  grounds  and 
gardens  were  much  enlarged  by  the  former,  and  the  now  country  seat  of  the  archbishops 
at  Addingtou,  in  this  county,  was  purchased  by  Dr.  Sutton,  in  1807,  out  of  certain  trust 
moneys  belonging  to  the  see  assigned  for  the  purpose.  After  the  accession  of  Dr.  Ilowley 
in  1828  new  and  important  additions  and  alterations  Avere  made,  by  which  the  comfort  of 
the  palace  was  greatly  enhanced,  and  an  air  of  unity  and  stateliness  given  to  the  wliole. 
The  works  were  several  years  in  progress,  and  the  entire  expense  was  little  short  of 
£60,000.  During  these  alterations  a  considerable  portion  of  the  old  buildings  Avas 
restored,  and  the  archiepiscopal  residence  rebuilt.  This  is  in  the  Tudor  style  of  architec- 
ture, and  Avith  its  bay  AvindoAVS,  battlements,  toAvers,  gables,  and  clustered  chimneys,  has 
a  picturesque  effect.  Little  or  nothing  Avas  done  to  the  palace  under  the  succeeding 
archbishops,  Sumner  and  Longley;  but  in  18G9  the  buildings  of  the  Lollards'  ToA^'er  were 
repaired,  and  internally  in  part  reconstructed,  under  the  direction  of  the  Ecclesiastical 
Commissioners.  Archbishop  Tait,  in  1878,  caused  considerable  repairs  and  renovation  to 
be  made  in  the  chapel  and  in  other  parts. 

The  Gatehouse.-j- — The  chief  entrance  to  the  palace  is  on  the  south  side,  and  almost 

*  '-Surrey,"  vol.  i.  p.  0.  Tliis  alludes  to  the  late  library,  occupyiuy  a  quadrangular  gallery  over  the  cloisters, 
altered  to  make  room  for  the  buildings  erected  by  Archbishop  Howley.  The  library  was  designed,  Aubrey  says,  "  by 
my  worthy  friend  and  countrj-man,  Mr.  Stafford  Tjiidale,  a  gentleman  tarn  Marti  quam  Mcrcurio,  unfortunately  cast 
away  in  the  Thames,  1G78,  bury'd  at  Lambeth  without  memorial." 

t  At  this  gate  the  Dole,  immemorially  given  by  the  Archbishops  of  Canterbury  to  the  indigent  parishioners  of 
Lambeth,  is  constantly  distributed.  Its  present  participants  are  thirty  poor  aged  persons,  each  of  whom  receives  gifts  of 
bread,  meat,  and  money,  which  are  distributed  to  ten  of  their  number  at  a  time  on  three  different  days  in  each  week. 
Soup,  also,  is  given  both  to  them  and  many  other  poor  persons.  The  word  dole  signifies  a  share  or  portion,  and  is  still 
used  in  that  sense ;  but  in  former  times  it  was  more  particularly  applied  to  the  alms  (broken  victuals,  &c.)  customarily 
distributed  at  the  gates  of  great  men.  Stow,  in  his  examples  of  housekeeping,  laments  the  decline  of  this  laudable 
custom  in  his  day,  "  which  before  had  been  so  general  that  almcs-dishcs  (into  which  certain  portions  of  meat  for  the 
needy  were  carved),  were  to  be  seen  at  every  nobleman  and  prelate's  table.''     As  the  first  in  place  and  dignity  under  the 


i.S  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

adjoining  to  Lambeth  Cliureli.  The  "great  gate"  is  mentioned  in  the  "Comiautus  Balli- 
vornm,"  or  steward's  accounts,  as  early  as  1321,  but  the  present  fabric  was  erected  by  Cardinal 
Morton  about  1490.  It  is  of  vast  size  and  height,  and  consists  of  an  embattled  centre, 
comprising  a  spacious  arched  gateway  and  postern  flanked  by  two  immense  square  towers, 
also  embattled.  The  whole  i§  constriicted  of  a  fine  red  brick,  with  stone  quoins  and  other 
dressings ;  the  arches,  of  the  Tudor  form,  are  also  of  stone ;  and  the  roofing  Avithin  the 
entrance  and  under  the  "record  room  "  (wherein,  until  recently,  many  archives  of  the  see 
of  Canterbury  were  preserved)  is  strongly  groined.  The  towers  are  ascended  by  spiral 
stone  staircases,  leading  to  the  several  apartments,  now  used  chiefly  as  lumber-rooms. 
The  exterior  roofs,  which  are  flat  and  leaded,  command  extensive  views  over  the  river 
Thames  and  the  adjacent  parts  of  the  metropolis.  Adjoining  the  archway,  and  connected 
with  the  porter's  lodge,  is  a  small  room,  evidently  used  in  former  times  as  a  prison.  It  is 
guarded  by  a  double  door,  the  windows  are  high  and  narrow,  and  the  walls  are  liued  with 
stone  and  of  great  thickness.  Within  it,  fastened  to  the  wall,  are  three  strong  iron  rings, 
to  which  the  chains  of  the  persons  confined  there  were  doubtless  attached.  An  additional 
proof  of  the  appropriation  of  this  room  is,  that  here  are  cuttings  in  the  wall  similar  to 
those  in  the  Lollards'  Tower,  made  with  a  knife  or  other  sharp  instrument.  The  name 
3}oI)n  CEvnfton,  in  the  old  English  character,  is  perfectly  legible ;  'and  near  it  are  a  cross 
and  other  figures  rudely  delineated. 

On  the  ancient  brick  wall  running  from  the  left  of  this  building,  which  bounds  the 
outer  court  and  garden  on  the  Thames  side,  are  several  devices  in  glazed  bricks :  among 
them  are  three  or  four  crosses  of  different  forms,  very  neatly  worked.  Similar  ornamental 
work  chequers  the  walls  and  towers  of  the  gatehouse  itself. 

The  Aechiepiscopal  Libraky,  formerly  the  Great  Hall. — During  the  alterations  made 
by  Archbishop  Howley,  between  1829  and  1834,  the  great  hall  erected  by  Juxon  was 
converted  into  a  library  for  the  printed  books  belonging  to  the  see ;  and  a  new  entrance 
gateway  to  the  inner  court  was  built,  with  a  spacious  fire-proof  room  over  it  for  the  recep- 
tion of  the  manuscripts,  and  in  which  they  are  now  carefully  preserved. 

The  "Computus"  referred  to  above  (15  Edward  I.)  mentions  the  great  hall,  and  such  an 
apartment  was  doubtless  coeval  with  the  foundation  of  the  palace.  It  was  repaired  by 
Chichele,  and  newly  covered  with  shingles  by  Ai-chbishop  Parker  in  1570  and  1571. 

sovereign,  the  Aiclibishopa  of  Canterbury  appear  to  have  exercised  tliis  ancient  virtue  of  hospitality  in  a  supereminent 
degree ;  and  in  Archbishop  Parker's  "  Regulations  "  for  the  ofScers  of  his  household  at  Lambeth  it  was  ordered  that 
there  should  be  "  no  pm-loining  of  meat  left  upon  the  tables,  but  that  it  be  putt  into  the  almes-tubb,  and  the  tubb  to  be 
kepte  sweete  and  cleane  before  it  be  ust-d  from  time  to  tiine."  The  desuetude  of  which  Stow  complains  may  possibly  be 
ascribed  to  the  institution  of  tlie  Poor  Laws  in  Queen  Elizabeth's  reign: 


LAMBETH.  ^^ 

Being  destroj-cd  by  Colonel  Scot  during  the  sway  of  the  Commomvoalth,  the  present  hall 
was  raised  precisely  on  the  old  site  by  Archbishop  Juxon,  almost  immediately  after  the 
Eestoration.  It  appears  from  Aubrey  that  the  Archbishop  ordered  it  to  bo  built  to 
resemble  the  ancient  model  as  nearly  as  possible,  "  nor  could  all  the  persuasions  of  men 
versed  in  architecture,  and  of  his  friends,  induce  him  to  rebuild  it  in  the  modcra  way, 
and  unite  it  to  the  library,  though  it  would  have  cost  less  money."  *  Though  thus 
intended  as  an  imitation  of  the  Gothic  style,  both  its  architecture  and  ornaments  are  of  a 
mixed  kind. 

The  walls,  chiefly  of  a  dark  red  brick,  are  supported  by  strong  buttresses,  edged  and 
coped  with  stone,  which  terminate  in  large  balls,  or  orbs,  in  place  of  pinnacles.  The 
outer  or  western  side  (originally  most  exposed  to  observation)  is  more  ornamented  than 
the  opposite  side  in  the  inner  court.  The  roof  is  slated,  and  from  the  centre  rises  an 
hexagonal  lantern  of  two  stories,  surmounted  by  a  large  vane,  in  which  are  the  arms  of 
the  see  of  Canterbury  impaled  with  those  of  Juxon,  viz,  a  cross  between  four  negroes' 
heads,  the  whole  being  surmounted  by  the  archiepiscopal  mitre. 

No  building  could  be  better  adapted  for  a  library  than  this  :  its  interior  length  is 
93  feet,  its  breadth  38  feet,  and  its  height  from  the  paved  flooring  up^^■ards  of  50  feet. 
On  each  side  are  five  large  pointed-arched  windows ;  and  near  each  end,  on  the  west  side, 
is  a  fine  bay  window,  7  feet  4  inches  in  depth,  and  extending  from  the  floor  to  the  spring- 
ing of  the  roof.  The  north-west  window  is  richly  ornamented  with  stained  and  painted 
glass,  most  of  which  has  been  brought  from  other  apartments.  In  the  upper  division  is  a 
large  shield  showing  the  arms  of  the  see  of  Canterbury,  impaling  those  of  Archbishop 
Juxon :  underneath  is  a  splendid  recent  addition  of  a  similar  size,  exhibiting  the  arms  of 
Archbishop  Howley,  impaled  with  those  of  his  see.  Around  are  small  coats  of  the  arms  of 
twenty-four  former  archbishops.  Here  also  are  the  arms  of  Philip  II.  of  Spain,  which, 
Ducarel  says,  were  presented  to  Archbishop  Herring  by  the  learned  Dr.  Birch,  and  like- 
wise a  curious  ancient  portrait  on  glass  of  Archbishop  Chichele.f 

The  roof,  constructed  with  much  labour  in  the  style  of  our  ancient  halls,  is  an  excellent 
specimen  of  carpentry,  and  entirely  of  oak.  It  consists  of  eight  main  ribs,  with  longitu- 
dinal braces,  springing  from  corbel  brackets  in  the  side  walls,  and  enriched  with  carved 
spandrels,  pendants,  and  other  ornamental  work,  inclusive  of  enwreathed  mitres,  and  the 
arms  of  Juxon  and  the  see  of  Canterbury  several  times  repeated.  In  each  end  wall  is  a 
pointed-arched  window  of  three  divisions,  and  below  it  a  large  fireplace.     The  arms  of 

*  Aubrey,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  v.  p.  273. 

t  Both  the  Latter  pieces  were  engraved  and  coloured  for  Brnyley  and  Herbert's  "  Lambeth  Palace  Illustrated,"  &c., 
published  in  1806,  4to. 


50  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

the  see,  impaling  those  of  the  Archbishops  Bancroft  and  Seeker,  are  painted  over  the  fire- 
place, the  former  archbishop  being  entitled  to  this  distinction  as  being  the  founder  of  the 
library,  and  the  latter  from  the  gift  that  he  made  "  of  all  such  books  from  his  own  private 
library  as  were  not  in  the  public  one,"  and  which  compreliended  the  largest  and  most 
valuable  part  of  his  collection. 

According  to  Ducarel,  the  number  of  printed  books  in  the  library  is  "  at  least  25,000 
volumes;"  but  at  the  present  time  they  amount  to  nearly  30,000.  They  are  partly 
arranged  in  cases  affixed  to  the  side  walls,  and  partly  in  twelve  large  cases  projecting 
towards  the  middle  of  the  room,  the  intervening  recesses  being  occupied  by  massive  tables 
of  oak,  chiefly  made  from  the  old  dining-tables  of  the  hall.  The  earliest  printed  books  arc 
principally  kept  within  the  recess  of  the  south-west  bay  window,  which  forms  a  convenient 
private  study  for  the  librarian. 

There  does  not  appear  to  have  been  any  archiepiscopal  library  at  Lambeth  until  the 
time  of  Archbishop  Bancroft,  who  died  in  1610,  and  who,  having  bequeathed  his  books 
for  the  pui-pose,  must  be  regarded  as  its  founder.  His  successor,  Abbot,  who  added  to  the 
collection  many  new  books,  thus  mentions  the  gift  of  his  predecessor  in  his  o-svn  will : — 
"  Lett  all  men  present  and  to  come  know  and  understand  that  Kichard  Bancrofte,  doctor 
of  divinitie,  first  bishop  of  London,  and  afterward  promoted  to  the  archbishopric  of 
Canterbm-y,  being  for  many  years  a  great  gatherer  together  of  bookes,  did  voluntarily  and 
of  his  owne  action  (as  in  his  lifetime  he  had  oft  foretold  he  would),  by  his  last  will  and 
testament,  give  and  bequeath  unto  his  successors  the  Archbishops  of  Canterbury  for  ever, 
a  greate  and  famous  Library  of  Bookes  of  divinity,  and  of  many  other  sorts  of  learning." 

The  condition  on  which  Archbishop  Bancroft  bequeathed  his  library  to  his  successors 
was,  that  it  should  not  be  alienated  from  the  see,  to  prevent  which  he  directed  that  they 
(the  archbishops)  should  "yield  to  such  assurances  as  shall  be  devised  by  such  learned 
counsel  as  my  supervisor  or  executor  shall  make  choice  of"  for  its  preservation.  In  case 
of  non-compliance,  his  bequest  was  to  be  transferred  "to  his  Majesty's  Colledge  to  be 
erected  at  Chelsey,  if  it  be  erected  within  these  six  years ;  or  otherwise  to  the  publiquc 
library  of  the  "University  of  Cambridge."  '"' 

In  1646,  about  two  years  after  the  execution  of  Archbishop  Laud,  the  library  was 

*  111  consequence  of  the  al)oye  direction,  and  by  command  of  King  James,  Arclibisliop  Abbot  consulted  Sir  Francia 
Eacon,  Solicitor  General,  who  recommended  that  two  exact  and  accurate  catalogues  should  be  made — one  to  be  deposited 
in  the  archives  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Canterbury,  and  the  other  to  be  kept  at  Lambeth.  He  did  not,  however, 
think  it  fit  that  any  large  bond  or  obligation  should  be  entered  into  by  the  succeeding  archbishops,  but  that  the  value 
of  any  book  or  books,  "  the  loss  of  which  might  have  been  hindered,  should  be  made  good  to  the  library  again."  Arch- 
bishop Abbot  laid  a  solemn  injunction  on  his  successors  in  the  see  to  preserve  the  books  carefully,  as  he  had  done,  but 
he  makes  no  mention  of  any  other  security.     (Ducarel,  "  Lambeth  Palaqe,"  pp.  47 — 51.) 


LAMBETH.  51 

seized  by  the  agents  of  the  Parliament,  The  use  of  the  books  was  Hrst  granted  to 
Dr.  Wincocke,  but  the}^  were  afterwards  given  to  Sion  College,  iind  man}-  began  to  be 
dispersed  in  private  hands;  so  that  "probably  fearing  for  their  safety  in  times  so  inimioal 
to  learning,"  Mr.  Selden  suggested  to  the  University  of  Cambridge  its  right  to  tliem,  and 
they  were  delivered,  in  pursuance  of  an  ordinance  of  Parliament,  dated  in  1G47,  into  the 
possession  of  that  learned  body.  After  the  Eestoration  Archbishop  Juxon  demanded  the 
return  of  the  library,  which  requisition  was  repeated  by  his  successor,  Sheldon,  as  founded 
on  the  will  of  the  original  donor,  and  the  books  were  returned  accordingly.  Prior  to  this, 
however,  an  order  of  Parliament  had  been  obtained  that  such  part  of  the  collection  as  was 
in  private  hands  shoidd  immediately  be  delivered  up,  and  that  the  volumes  in  the  pos- 
session of  John  Thurloe  and  Hugh  Peters  should  be  seized.* 

The  books  belonging  to  Archbishops  Bancroft,  Abbot,  Laud,  and  Sheldon  are  distin- 
guished by  their  arms.  Those  which  bear  the  arms  of  Whitgift  were  purchased  from  his 
executors  by  Archbishop  Bancroft,  Avhose  own  collection,  as  appears  from  a  passage  in 
Aubrey,  "  was  begun  with  the  books  of  Eobert  Dudley,  Earl  of  Leicester,"  the  once 
powerful  favourite  of  Queen  Elizabeth.f  Seeker's  gift  has  already  been  noticed.  Some 
additions  were  made  to  the  theological  stores  of  the  library  by  Archbishops  Cornwallis  and 
Ilowlcy.  In  1875  was  made  a  donation  of  modern  theological  books  from  the  collection 
of  the  late  Professor  Sclwyn,  of  Cambridge,  one  of  the  honorary  curators  of  this  librarj'. 

This  library,  as  might  be  expected,  is  more  adapted  to  the  studies  of  the  learned 
professor  than  of  the  general  reader.  It  consists  of  rare  and  curious  editions  of  the 
Scriptures,  commentaries  of  the  early  fiithcrs,  scarce  controversial  divinity,  records  of 
ecclesiastical  affairs,  works  on  English  history  and  topography,  &c.,  many  of  which  are 
extremely  rare  and  curious,  and  valuable  also,  both  from  the  fineness  of  the  copies  and 
the  splendour  of  their  embellishments. 

The  early  printed  books  in  this  collection  are  numerous  and  valuable,  and  the  late 
learned  librarian,  the  Eev.  Samuel  E.  Maitland,  D.D.,  compiled  two  catalogues  relating  to 
them  of  especial  interest  and  usefulness  to  the  bibliographical  inquu-cr.  Among  the  more 
curious  black-letter  productions  of  the  English  press  are  Caxton's  "  Chronicles  of 
England"  and  "Description  of  Britain,"  both  which  were  "fynysshed"  in  1480.  These 
belonged  to  Archbishop  Bancroft,  and  are  considered  to  be  the  finest  copies  extant :  they 
are  in  folio,  and  bound  together.  Lyndewode's  "  Constitutiones  Provinciales,"  a  small 
octavo,  prmted  by  Wynkin  de  Worde  in  1499  ;  "  The  Golden  Legend,  emprynted  at 
Londo  in  Eletestrete,  in  the  Sygnc  of  the  George  by  Eicharde  Pynson,"  in  1507;  and 

*  Mercurius  Politkus,  May  17,  IGGO.  t  Auljrey,  "Surrey,"  vol.  v.  p.  277. 

H  2 


52  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

another  edition  of  the  same  work  by  Wynkiu  do  Worde,  in  1527  ;  Gower's  "  Confessio 
Amautis,"  a  splendid  copy,  folio,  by  Caxton,  in  1483;  "Dives  and  Pauper,"  folio,  by 
Pynson,  in  1493  ;  Capgrave's  "  Lives  of  the  Saints,"  folio,  by  Wynkin  de  Worde,  in 
151G  ;  and  "Chaucer's  Works,"  folio,  by  John  Eej-nos,  in  1542,  and  Islip  in  1598,  are 
also  preserved  among  these  literary  treasures.* 

Another  singularly  curious  book  (a  small  folio),  printed  at  Paris,  on  vellum,  about 
1500,  entitled  "  La  Dance  Macabre  " — that  is,  the  Dance  of  Death — is  also  preserved  here. 
It  is  printed  with  old  Gothic  types,  and  contains  many  beautiful  illuminations,  with 
explanatory  verses  in  French  under  each.  Only  tlu'ce  copies  of  this  edition  arc  known, 
and  there  are  erasures  in  all.  Of  Ai-chbishop  Parker's  great  work,  "Do  Antiquitatc 
Britannica3  Ecclesite,"  &c.,  here  is  a  complete  copy,  and  perhaps  unique,  it  being  illustrated 
by  manuscript  notes,  and  many  letters,  deeds,  &c.,  together  with  the  rare  portrait  of  the 
Archbishop  by  Eemigius  Hogenberg,  taken  in  1573. 

Among  the  most  curious  contents  of  this  library  is  a  series  of  small  thick  volumes 
containing  a  large  number  of  black-letter  tracts,  pamphlets,  and  sermons  collected  and 
bound  up  by  Archbishop  Bancroft.  In  the  latter  compositions,  especially  in  those  preached 
at  St.  Paul's  Cross,  this  library  is  j^erhaps  richer  than  any  other  collection.  The  same 
may  be  said  of  the  "Mar-Prelate"  tracts,  and  of  the  writings  of  the  Brownists  and  other 
separatists  of  the  Elizabethan  age,  and  of  the  controversial  works  to  which  they  gave  rise. 

This  library  communicates  by  a  double  flight  of  stone  steps  with  the  manuscript 
department,  which  occupies  the  spacious  room  over  the  new  gateway.  According  to  the 
"  Catalogue  of  the  Archiepiscopal  Manuscrij)ts  and  Eecords,"  f  published  in  1812,  the 

*  The  first  of  the  two  catalogues  compiled  by  Dr.  MaitlanJ,  printed  in  1843,  at  the  private  expense  of  Archbishop 
Howley,  is  entitled  "  A  List  of  some  of  the  early  printed  Books  in  the  Arcliiepiscopal  Library  at  Lambeth,"  and 
contains  464  pages  in  octavo.  This  is  one  of  the  most  curious  and  interesting  bibliographical  records  that  have  issued 
from  tlie  press  in  this  country.  In  a  preliminary  address  to  the  "  Lord  Archbishop  of  Canterbury "  the  -m-iter  says 
that  his  original  intention  was  to  give  a  list  of  all  the  books  in  the  library  printed  before  1550.  Ho  found  them,  how- 
ever, to  be  so  niimerous  that  he  abandoned  the  design,  and  has  given  only  the  English  books  up  to  that  period,  and 
confined  the  foreign  books  to  those  printed  before  1520.  Of  aU  the  books  noticed  the  titles  and  colophons  are  given  at 
full  length,  or  in  general  but  little  abridged.  Bibliographical  observations  on  the  copies  are  added,  with  copious 
references  to  the  works  of  Ames,  Herbert,  Dibdin,  and  other  bibliographers  for  information  as  to  the  productions  of 
the  British  press,  and  for  foreign  books  references  are  given  usually  to  Panzer's  "  Annals."  Besides  the  list  of  complete 
volumes,  there  is  one  of  remarkable  fragments,  some  of  them  single  leaves,  both  the  books  and  fragments  being  often 
illustrated  by  woodcuts,  of  wliicli  many  specimens,  as  well  as  others  of  the  letterpress,  are  exliibited  in  this  volume. 
It  is  altogether  a  literary  production  which  every  lover  of  bibliography  will  view  with  admiration  of  the  ability  and 
industry  of  the  author.  The  other  catalogue,  printed  in  1845  for  public  sale,  is  of  a  less  elaborate  character.  Its 
title  is,  "  An  Index  of  such  English  Books,  printed  before  the  year  mdc,  as  are  now  in  the  Archiepiscopal  Library,"  &c. 
8vo,  120  pages. 

t  This  catalogue,  comprised  in  a  folio  volume  of  270  pages,  was  commenced  by  Henry  AVharton,  librarian  to 
Archbishop  Sancroft,  and  continued  by  his  successors,  Gibson,  WiUdns,  and  Ducarel :  it  was  augmented  and  prepared 
for  publication  by  the  late  Rev.  Henry  J.  Todd,  M.A.,  librarian,  the  learned  editor  of  an  excellent  edition  of  Dr.  Johnson's 
Dictionary.     A  distinct  list  has  been  published  of  the  collection  made  by  Professor  Carlyle. 


.LAMBETH.  53 

manuscripts  fire  arranged  in  seven  sets  of  divisions,  namely,  1.  Codices  Lamhcthani^  consist- 
ing of  the  contributions  of  various  arclibisliops  -wlio  held  the  sec  before  the  Revolution ; 

2.  Codices  Whartoniani,  or  the  collections  of  Wharton,  purchased  by  the  primate  Tenison ; 

3.  Codices  Carctoani,  forty-two  vols,  folio  and  quarto,  formerly  belonging  to  George,  Lord 
Carew,  Earl  of  Totness,  relating  chiefly  to  the  afiairs  of  Ireland  in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth, 
purchased  by  the  same  prelate  ;  4.  Codices  Tenisoniani,  also  the  gift  of  Tenison ;  5.  Codices 
Gibson iaiii,  added  to  this  library,  agreeably  to  his  own  du-ections,  by  the  executors  of 
Dr.  Edmund  Gibson,  Bishop  of  London,  after  his  death  in  1748 ;  G.  Codices  3IisccUanei, 
presented  by  various  benefactors ;  7.  Codices  Ilamiers-Suttoniani,  consisting  principally  of 
collections  made  in  Turkey  and  other  Oriental  countries  by  Professor  Carlyle,  and  comprising 
some  valuable  manuscripts  of  the  New  Testament  and  copies  of  the  Koran  of  Mohammed. 

The  number  of  curious  articles  in  this  collection  is  far  too  great  to  admit  in  this  place 
of  anything  more  than  a  brief  notice  of  a  few  of  the  most  remarkable.  "Perhaps,"  says 
Mr.  Todd,  "  two  of  the  greatest  curiosities  in  this  Library  are  the  ancient  French  Yersion 
and  Exposition  of  the  Apocalypse,  ornamented  with  miniature  paintings,  No.  75 ;  and  the 
Latin  copy  of  the  Apocalypse,  also  beautifully  illuminated,  No.  209,  which  Mr.  Astle 
admits  to  have  been  written  in  the  thirteenth  century."  The  latter  is  a  beautiful  manu- 
script, in  folio,  on  vellum,  including  seventy-eight  most  brilliant  illuminations,  together 
with  several  figures  of  our  Saviour,  the  Virgin  Mary,  two  ancient  Archbishops  of  Canter- 
bury, the  Death  of  ^Villiam  Rufus,  &c.,  very  neatly  drawn,  and  in  excellent  preservation. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  among  the  relics  of  the  literature  of  the  Middle  Ages 
preserved  in  this  collection  is  No.  200,  a  copy  of  the  treatise  "De  Yirginitate,"  in  praise 
of  celibacy,  by  Aldhelm,  Abbot  of  Malmesbury,  and  afterwards  Bishop  of  Sherborne,  in 
the  beginning  of  the  eighth  century,  to  which  early  period  the  execution  of  the  manu- 
script is  attributed.  A  fac-simile  engraving  of  the  first  page  forms  the  frontispiece  to 
]\rr.  Todd's  catalogue.  Besides  a  curiously  ornamented  initial  letter,  the  plate  exhibits  a 
miniature  representation  of  the  author  (St.  Aldhelm)  seated,  presenting  his  book  to  an 
abbess  Avho  approaches  him  at  the  head  of  a  train  of  eight  sisters.* 

Many  valuable  manuscripts  of  the  sacred  writings  in  different  languages  are  preserved 
in  this  library.  Among  them  is  the  New  Testament  in  Greek,  containing  the  Epistle 
which  St.  Paul  mentions  his  having  addressed  to  the  Laodiceans,  No.  369  ;  the  Codez 
Ephesius,  consisting  of  the  four  Gospels  in  Greek,  with  various  readings,  beautifully 
written.    No.    528;    the    Epistle    of    St.   Paul   to   the    Galatians    in   Ai-abic;    the    Old 

*  An  engraving  of  this  group  i\-as  published  in  the  "  Collection  of  Prints  in  Imitation  of  Drawings,"  by  C. 
Rogers,  Esq.,  F.B.S.,  two  vols,  folio,  1778;  and  the  principal  figure  (St.  Aldhelm)  was  introduced  by  Strutt'  among  the 
illustrations  of  the  "  Dress  and  Habits  of  the  People  of  England." 


HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 


Testament  in  Armenian ;  tlie  whole  Bible,  WyclifFe's  translation,  -with  the  Prologue  of 
St.  Jerome,  No.  25  ;  and  another  English  translation  of  the  Bible,  ajiparently  of  the 
fifteenth  century,  but  differing  from  the  version  by  Wycliffe.  Ilerc  are  several  Latin 
Psalters  beautifully  Avritten  and  illuminated,  one  of  which  has  an  interlined  Saxon 
version  ;  and  a  Hebrew  Psalter,  with  a  Latin  glossarj-. 

Among  the  works  of  the  Christian  fathers  arc  a  tine  manuscript  of  St.  Augustine's 
Exposition  of  Genesis,  St.  Chrysostom's  Exposition  of  St.  Matthew,  and  the  works  of 
St.  Cyprian,  together  with  several  Scripture  Expositions  of  Bede  in  fine  preservation, 
some  Anglo-Saxon  sermons  of  the  tenth  centiuy,  and  a  volume  of  Saxon  Homilies 
written  in  the  twelfth  century.  Among  the  missals  is  a  very  beautiful  Salisbury  missal, 
folio,  on  vellum,  supposed  to  have  belonged  to  Archbishop  Chichele,  his  arms,  finely 
emblazoned,  beiag  inserted  in  two  places. 

Here  are  several  extremely  valuable  manuscripts  of  Greek  and  Latin  classics,  including 
Aristotle,  No.  1204  ;  Yariorum  Auctorum  Grtecorum  Opuscula,  No.  120G,  including  some 
pieces  that  have  never  been  published ;  the  Orations  of  Demosthenes,  No.  1207 ;  a 
manuscript  of  the  "Works  of  Virgil,  of  the  thirteenth  century,  No.  471  ;  Sallust,  of  the 
same  date,  No.  759 ;  and  with  these  may  be  mentioned  Cicero's  Offices,  printed  on  vellum, 
by  John  Fust,  at  Mentz,  1466,  with  interlinear  manuscript  notes,  No.  765. 

Among  the  manviscripts  peculiarly  relating  to  the  see  of  Canterbury  are  the  Lambeth 
Eegisters,  as  they  are  called,  anciently  kept  in  the  priory  of  St.  Gregory  at  Canterbury. 
These  Eegisters  occupy  about  fort}'  folio  volumes,  written  on  vellum.  The  names  by 
which  they  are  called,  and  the  times  of  their  respective  continuance,  are  as  follow : — 


Pcckham       from     1279—1292 

Winchelsey 1294—1313 

Reynolds        1314—1322 

There  are  not  any  Eegisters  of  tlie 

Archbisliops  Mepbani,   Stratford, 

Ufford,  and  Bradwardin 

ing  :  they  lield  the  see 
Islip 


Langham       

Wittlesey      

Sndbury 
Courtenay 

Arundel,  two  vols.    ... 
Chichele,  two  vols.  ... 

Stafford         

Kemp  

Boiircliier      

Morton  (Cardinal)    . . . 

Deane  

Wart.am        


1322—1349 
1349—1366 
1366—1368 
1368—1374 
1375-1381 
1381—1391 
1397—1413 
1414—1441 
1443—14.52 
1452—1453 
1454—1486 
1486—1498 
1498—1499 
1504—1532 


Cranmer 

Pole  (Cardinal)         

Parker,  two  vols 

Grindal  

Wiitgift,  three  vols.  

Bancroft        

Abbot,  three  vols 

Land,  two  vols. 

See  vacant  sixteen  years. 

Juxon  

Sheldon         

Sancroft 

TiUotson        

Tenison,  two  voLs 

Wake,  three  vols.     ... 

Potter  

The  Eegisters  of  the  subsequent  primates  were 
kept  at  Doctors'  Commons  until  that  office  was 
transferred  to  Somerset  House. 


1533- 

-1553 

1556- 

-1558 

1559- 

-1575 

1575- 

-1583 

1583- 

-1604 

1604- 

-1610 

1610- 

-1633 

1633- 

-1644 

1660- 

-1663 

1663- 

-1667 

1667- 

-1691 

1691- 

-1694 

1694-1713 

1713- 

-1736 

1736- 

-1747 

These  records  relate  to  a  vast  variety  of  subjects,  and  contain  entries  of  acts  respecting 
the  temporalities  of  the  archbishops ;  homages ;  popes'  bulls ;  letters  to  and  from  popes, 
cardinals,  kings,  princes,  and  others ;  commissions  and  proxies  ;  dispensations ;  appeals ; 
marriages ;  divorces ;  institutions  and  collations  to  benefices ;  appropriations  of  livings  ; 
regulations  of  religious  houses ;  enrolments  and  registrations  of  Avills  and  testaments ;  pro- 
cesses ;  sentences ;  and  a  multitude  of  other  judicial  acts  and  instruments  of  various  kinds 
passing  i;nder  the  cognisance  of  the  archbishops  of  this  see. 

Among  other  records  belonging  to  this  sec  are  two  large  folio  volumes  of  Papal  Bulls, 
arranged  alphabetically  according  to  the  names  of  the  Eoman  pontitfs,  from  Alexander  III., 
in  1155,  to  Clement  VII.,  in  1534  ;  Ancient  Charters  and  other  instruments  relating  to 
this  archiepiscopal  see,  chiefly  of  the  time  of  Henry  VIII.,  in  thirteen  volumes ;  Notiiia 
Parochialis,  in  six  volumes  ;  Eeferences  to  Endowments  of  Vicarages,  by  Dr.  Ducarel,  in 
two  folio  volumes ;  and  accurate  transcripts  of  the  Parliamentary  surveys  made  of  the 
l^roperty  of  bishops,  deans,  and  chapters,  with  a  view  to  its  sale,  during  the  Commonwealth, 
in  twenty-one  folio  volumes,  with  a  manuscript  index. 

This  collection  is  stored  with  manuscripts  relating  to  English  historj^,  both  civil  and 
ecclesiastical.  Such  are  those  styled  the  "  Chronicle  of  St.  Alban's,"  a  folio  on  velliun, 
finely  illuminated,  of  the  time  of  Henry  VI.,  No.  6  ;  the  "  Chronicle  of  Marianus  Scotus," 
jSTo.  42  ;  Caxton's  "  Chronicle,"  differing  much  from  his  printed  work,  but  imperfect, 
Xo.  84  ;  an  "  Epitome  of  Chronicles,"  No.  386  ;  several  collections  of  Histories,  Xos.  00, 
188,  and  419  ;  and  copies  of  Matthew  of  Westminster,  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth,  and  other 
monkish  historians.  Here  also  arc  many  important  documents  connected  with  the  history, 
&c.,  of  Scotland,  Wales,  Ireland,  and  France,  and  particularly  of  the  relations  of  the 
latter  country  with  England  in  the  reigns  of  Henry  V.  and  VI.,  together  with  numerous 
documents  relating  to  the  affairs  of  other  European  nations,  and  to  the  travels  and 
missionary  proceedings  of  the  Jesuits. 

In  manuscripts  on  Heraldry  and  Genealogy  the  library  is  very  rich,  many  manu- 
scripts on  those  subjects  being  written  or  corrected  by  Lord  Burghley.  Here  are  stores 
of  old  English  poetry  and  romances :  among  the  former,  Lydgate's  Works,  and  Gawen 
Douglas's  Translation  of  Virgil's  ^neid;  and  among  the  latter  the  metrical  legend 
of  Sir  Libeaus  Disconus,  of  which  Eitson  published  an  edition,  but  from  another 
manuscript. 

Numerous  interesting  letters  are  preserved  here,  as  well  of  royal  personages  as 
distingiiished  literati.  Among  these  are  the  letters  of  Lord  Verulam,  published  by 
Dr.  Birch ;  those  of  his  brother,  Anthony  Bacon,  forming  sixteen  volumes ;  the  letters  of 


56  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

the  Earl  of  Slire-\vsbury,  auil  of  many  other  persons  from  the  latter  part  of  the  reign 
of  Henry  YIII.  until  the  commencement  of  James  I. 

The  library  was  transferred  to  the  great  hall  by  Archbishop  Ilowlcy  in  1834,  previously 
to  which  time  it  had  been  located  in  some  galleries  over  the  cloisters,  which  were  then 
standing.  In  1876  the  great  hall  was  used  as  the  Arches  Court  of  Canterbury  for  the 
trial  of  cases  brought  before  the  Dean  of  the  Court  of  Arches  under  the  "  Public  Worship 
Eegulation  Act."  The  apartment  was  fitted  up  for  the  accommodation  of  the  bar, 
reporters,  witnesses,  &c.,  and  the  judge,  Lord  Penzance,  occupied  the  Archbishop's  chair. 

In  1869  Archbishop  Tait  appointed  as  honorary  curator  of  the  library  the  Venerable 
Archdeacon  Hale,  who  only  lived  one  year  after  the  appointment.  Since  1872  this  office 
has  been  held  by  the  late  Dr.  Selwyn,  Bishop  of  Lichfield ;  the  late  Professor  Selwyn ;  and 
the  Yery  Eev.  G.  H.  S.  Johnson,  Dean  of  "Wells.  In  1879  Dr.  Selwyn's  j)lace  was  filled 
up  by  the  appointment  of  Dr.  Durnford,  Bishop  of  Chichester. 

The  first  librarian  at  Lambeth  was  Henry  T\Tiarton,  who  published  the  "  Anglia 
Sacra  "  and  other  learned  works.  His  successors  were  Paul  Colomiez,  a  Prench  refugee  ; 
Dr.  Edmund  Gibson,  afterwards  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  and  translated  to  London  in  1723  ; 
Dr.  Benjamin  Ibbot,  made  a  Prebendary  of  "Westminster  in  1724  ;  Dr.  David  Wilkins,  the 
learned  editor  of  "  Concilia  Magnoe  Brit,  et  Hib.,"  &c. ;  John  Henry  Ott,  M.A.,  a  Swiss 
clergyman ;  John  Jones,  M.A. ;  Henry  Hall,  M.A. ;  Dr.  Andrew  C  Ducarel,  a  native 
of  Normandy,  the  author  of  "Anglo-Norman  Antiquities"  and  the  "History  of 
Lambeth  Palace,"  and  also  the  compiler  of  several  indices  to  the  MSS. ;  *  Dr.  Michael 
Lort,  sometime  Greek  Professor  at  Cambridge ;  Henry  John  Todd,  M.A.,  editor  of 
Milton  and  of  Johnson's  Dictionarj',  and  author  of  various  works ;  the  Eev.  William 
Stubbs,  M.A.,  Ecgius  Professor  of  Modern  History  in  the  University  of  Oxford,  and 
author  of  the  "  Constitutional  History  of  England,"  &c. ;  and  the  present  librarian  and 
keeper  of  the  manuscripts,  Mr.  S.  W.  Kershaw,  M.A.,  the  author  of  "  The  Art  Treasures 
of  Lambeth  Library,"  a  description  of  the  illuminated  MSS.,  &c.,  published  in  1873. 

In  1873-4  the  whole  of  the  books  and  manuscripts  were  thoroughly  repaired  and 
re-catalogued  for  use  by  a  special  grant  from  the  Ecclesiastical  Commissioners.  It  may 
be  added  here  that  the  library  is  freely  open  to  students  on  Mondays,  Wednesdays,  and 
Fridays  for  all  literary  purposes. 

Nearly  adjoining  to  the  great  hall,  northward,  is  the  entrance  to  the  offices  which 
communicate   with   the  Lollards'  Tower,  now  forming  the   northern   extremity   of  the 

*  Some  interesting  biographical  anecdotes  of  Dr.  Ducarel  were  given  by  the  late  Mr.  John  Nichols  in  his 
"  History  of  the  Parish  of  Lambeth." 


LAMBETH.  57 

buildings  in  the  outer  court.  This  is  a  strong  fiibricj  embattled,  and  chiefly  constructed 
of  dark  red  brick,  but  faced  -svith  stone  on  its  outer  sides.  It  was  erected  by  Ai-chbishop 
Chichele,  as  before  stated,  and  derives  its  name  from  the  persecuted  sect  called  Lollards, 
some  of  whom  are  known  to  have  been  examined  and  were  most  likely  imprisoned  here  in 
the  time  of  the  Archbishop.*  In  the  exterior  wall  on  the  Thames  side  is  a  Gothic  niche, 
wherein  formerly  stood  the  image  of  St.  Thomas  Ji  Bccket,  the  cost  of  which  was  13s.  4d. 
Beneath  it  are  some  sculptui-ed  remains  of  the  arms  of  Chichele. 

The  principal  apartment  in  this  tower  has  been  denominated  the  Post-room,  from  a 
strong  octangular  post  or  pillar  that  sustains  the  great  timbers  of  its  low  roof  or  ceiling. 
This  is  flat  and  panelled ;  each  intersection  exhibits  an  ornamental  carving  of  angels  with 
scrolls,  &c.,  together  with  other  figui-es,  one  of  which  is  a  head  remarkable  for  its 
resemblance  to  Henry  VIII.  This  room  derives  light  from  three  deeply  splayed  windows 
on  the  west  side.  On  the  opposite  side  is  the  entrance  to  the  chapel,  formed  by  a  large 
semicircular  stone  arch  springing  from  small  columns,  and  enclosing  two  trefoil-headed 
doorways,  having  a  quatrefoil  in  the  central  space  aboA^e. 

The  ascent  to  the  Lollards'  prison  is  from  a  small  door  in  the  post-room  by  a  steep 
spii'al  staircase,  the  steps  of  which  are  much  worn.  It  is  approached  by  a  narrow  low- 
pointed  archway  of  stone,  barely  of  sufficient  size  to  admit  one  person  to  pass  at  a  time. 
This  is  secured  both  by  an  inner  and  an  outer  door  of  strong  oak,  each  3^  inches 
thick,  closely  studded  with  iron  rivets,  and  with  fastenings  to  correspond.  On 
entering  the  attention  is  arrested  by  the  large  iron  rings  fixed  in  the  walls  about  breast 
high  in  the  following  order :  three  on  the  south,  four  on  the  west,  and  one  on  the  north 
side.  This  chamber  is  nearly  15  feet  in  length,  about  11  feet  in  width,  and  8  feet  high. 
It  has  two  narrow  windows  enlarging  inwardly,  one  to  the  west,  the  other  to  the  north : 
on  the  latter  side  are  also  a  small  fireplace  and  chimney.t  Many  incisions  have  been  made 
in  the  oaken  wainscoting  by  the  unhappy  persons  imprisoned  here,  consisting  of  iaitials, 

*  Wilkins,  "  Concilia,"  vol.  iii.  pp.  404,  405.  (See  also  the  Register  of  Archbishop  Chichele,  vol.  ii.  fol.  57,  a.) 
Archbishop  Warham's  proceedings  against  divers  reputed  heretics  in  his  court  at  Lambeth  in  1511  are  mentioned  in 
BLshop  Burnet's  "  History  of  the  Reformation  ; "  and  in  1531  the  celebrated  Hugh  Latymer,  after  being  excommunicated 
for  a  supposed  act  of  contumacy,  was  ordered  by  the  same  primate  to  remain  in  close  custody  in  his  "manor  of 
Lambeth."  One  of  the  charges  against  LatjTuer  was  "  a  denial  of  purgatory,"  in  saying  "  he  had  lever  [rather]  be  in 
purgatory  than  in  Lollards'  tower."  But  whether  by  that  expression  he  meant  the  Bishop  of  London's  prison,  so  called, 
in  Old  St.  Paul's,  or  that  at  Lambeth,  is  questionable.  In  former  times  the  archbishops  distinguished  their  residence 
here  by  the  name  of  Lambeth  House  and  the  Manor  of  Lambeth,  and  not  by  the  modern  title  of  Palace,  many 
examples  of  which  may  be  found  in  their  letters,  even  of  a  date  subsequent  to  the  Restoration. 

t  This  prison  is  not  within  the  large  tower  of  wliich  the  post-room  forms  a  part,  but  in  a  small  adjoining  tower,  or 
attachment,  of  a  square  form,  projecting  from  it  on  the  north  side.  That  the  archbishops  had  prisons  here  before  this 
tower  was  constructed  is  evident  from  the  Registers  of  the  see,  and  possibly  on  this  very  site,  an  old  stone  building 
which  stood  upon  the  spot  having  been  pulled  down  to  make  room  for  the  new  tower. 

VOL.    III.  I 


58  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

names,    short    sentences,    crosses,   dice,   &c.      The   letters,   mostly  in   the   old    English 
character  are  in  general  very  rudely  formed.     The  following  are  specimens  : — 

Ike— Jlohtr  disokt  grttbtor  anli  stjtititlar. 
Ihs  f^ppc  mc  out  of  all  t\  rotnpene.    amen 
^£0  fit  gnrthtnt  [graciaru]  a^tto. 
$.tsztt  tt  ijjs'tn.— fsto  motieits. — "^u.  abit. 
John  SHortlt.— thcssam  boftor.— a  c^ffavko. 

The  Lollards'  Tower  consists  of  three  stories  above  the  post-room,  and  the  apartments 
in  it  were  for  many  years  used  as  lumber-rooms.  Having  fallen  into  a  dilapidated 
condition,  the  tower  was  thoroughly  restored  in  1869,  when  it  was  turned  to  account  as 
the  town  residence  of  the  late  Bishop  of  Lichfield,  Dr.  Selwyu. 

From  the  post-room,  as  already  stated,  there  is  an  entrance  to  the  chapel,  which  bears 
sufficient  marks  of  antiquity  to  warrant  an  opinion  of  its  being  coeval  with  the  time  when 
this  estate  first  became  a  fixed  arehiepiscopal  residence.*  The  interior,  divided  into  an 
inner  and  an  outer  chapel  by  an  elaborately  carved  screen,  is  72  feet  in  length,  25  feet  in 
breadth,  and  30  feet  in  height.  Formerly  the  roof  had  been  concealed  by  a  flat  panelling, 
embellished  with  the  arms  of  the  Archbishops  Laud,  Juxon,  and  Cornwallis ;  but  this, 
during  the  alterations  in  the  palace  above  referred  to,  has  given  place  to  a  vaulting  in 
plaster,  enriched  with  coloured  subjects  from  the  heavenly  hierarchies.  At  the  east  end 
are  five  long  lancet-shaped  lights,  and  on  each  side  are  three  triplicated  windows 
resembling  those  in  the  Temple  Church.  In  1878  the  whole  of  the  windows  were  renewed 
with  coloured  glass,  designs  from  scriptural  subjects,  by  Messrs.  Clayton  and  Bell,  and  at 
the  expense  of  Archbishop  Tait.  Against  the  central  division  of  the  west  window  (next 
the  Lollards'  Tower),  long  closed  up,  is  afiixed  a  small  semi-hexagon  kind  of  Gothic  shrine, 
supported  by  an  angel  holding  a  shield  sculptured  with  the  arms  of  Juxon.  This  chapel, 
as  we  have  seen,  having  been  despoiled  during  the  civil  wars,  was  indebted  for  its  renova- 
tion to  Archbishop  Juxon,  but  the  screen  or  partition  "which  makes  it  two,"  as  Laud 
mentions  in  his  "Diary,"  and  which  he  describes  as  being  "just  in  the  same  place  where 
it  now  stands  from  the  very  building  of  the  chapel,"  was  most  probably  set  up  by  that 
archbishop,  his  arms  being  carved  on  a  shield  above  the  doorway.  In  the  outer  chapel, 
which  forms   a   kind  of  vestibule,  is  a  small  gallery,   now  appropriated  to  the  female 

*  In  Archbisliop  Peckham's  Register  ia  a  mandate  (almost  illegible)  for  the  reparation  "  CapeUse  manerii  da 
Lambeth,"  dated  at  North  Elmham  in  1280.  A  new  altar  appears  to  have  been  erected,  and  a  re-consecration  to  have 
taken  place  in  honour  of  the  blessed  Virgin,  in  1407.  (Register,  Arundel,  para  i.  fol.  147,  6.)  The  "  Great  chapel"  is 
mentioned  in  the  "  Computus  BaUivorum  "  of  15  Edward  II.,  as  well  as  in  other  ancient  documents  at  Lambeth.  Here  also 
were  two  "  Oratories,"  in  one  of  which  divers  ordinations  were  celebrated,  as  recorded  in  the  Registers  of  the  see,  very 
early  in  the  fifteenth  century. 


LAMBETH.  jq 

domestics :  tliis  was  formerly  occupied  as  an  organ  gallery,  but  no  organ  lias  been  here  for 
a  long  series  of  years.* 

The  only  memorials  of  interment  here  have  reference  to  Archbisliop  Parker,  who  died 
in  1575.  By  his  own  desire  his  bowels  Avere  deposited  in  an  urn  in  Lambeth  Church 
(where  his  wife  lay  bru-ied),  and  his  body  interred  near  the  communion-table,  on  the  south 
side,  where  he  had  caused  his  own  tomb  to  be  "erected  while  he  was  yet  alive,"  near  the 
spot  where  "he  used  to  pray."  f  The  demolition  of  this  tomb  and  the  recovery  and 
re-interment  of  his  remains  have  been  noticed  abeady.J  Archbishop  Sancroft,  who  had 
taken  an  active  part  in  the  latter  proceedings,  also  composed  the  following  epitaph, 
inscribed  on  a  small  plate  of  brass  affixed  to  the  east  end  of  another  plain  tomb  that 
Sancroft  raised  to  his  memory  in  the  outer  chapel :  § — 

Matth^i  Arcliiepiscopi  Ceuotapliiiun, 
*  corpus  eniiu,  (ne  uescias,  lector,) 

in  adyto  hujus  sacelli  olini  rite  conditum, 

a  sectariis  perduellibus,  anno  mdcxlviii, 

effracto  sacrilege  hoc  ipso  tumulo, 

elogio  sepiilclirali  impib  refixo, 

direptis  nefarife  exuviis  plimibeis, 

spoliatum,  violatum,  eliminatum ; 

etiam  sul)  sterquilinio  (proh  scelns  !)  abstrusum : 

rcge  demum  (plaudente  ccelo  &  terra)  redeunte, 

ei  decreto  Baronum  AngHa;,  seduli  requaesitum, 

et  sacello  postliminio  redditum, 

in  ejus  quasi  medio  tandem  quiescit. 

Et  QVIESCAT  utinam, 
non  nisi  tuba  ultima  solicitandum. 

QVI  DENVO  DESECRAVERIT  SACEB  ESTO. 

It  has  been  often  alleged  that  Archbishop  Parker  was  irregularly  consecrated  at  the 
Nag's  Head  Tavern,  in  Cheapside,  by  the  hands  of  one  bishop  only ;  but  there  is  evidence  that 

*  Archbishop  Parker  bequeathed  an  organ — "  organa  choriaUa  in  sacello  Lambithi  sita " — to  his  successors.  Tlie 
following  curious  passage  occiirs  in  the  will  of  Archbishop  Laud  :—"  Item,  I  give  to  my  successor  (if  the  present 
troubles  in  the  state  leave  me  any),  my  Organ  in  the  Chapel  at  Lambeth,  provided  he  leave  it  to  the  See  for  ever. 
Like'tt'ise  I  give  him  my  barge  and  the  furniture  to  it.  But  in  case  the  Archbishopric  be  dissolved,  as  it  is  threatened, 
then  I  vill  that  my  executor  add  the  organ,  the  barge,  and  such  pictures  as  are  mine,  to  my  estate ;  that  is,  if  they 
escape  plundering." 

t  Viie,  Strype's  "  Life  and  Acts  of  Archbishop  Parker,"  i&c.  pp.  49-1 — 498,  folio,  1711. 

X  See  anie,  p.  46. 

§  Queen  EHzabeth  reposed  great  confidence  in  Archbishop  Parker,  and  frequently  visited  him  in  his  palace.  But 
the  hospitality  with  wliich  she  was  treated  could  not  altogether  restrain  her  from  expressing  her  indignation  at  the 
prelate's  breach  of  celibacy.  She  had  never,  indeed,  been  perfectly  reconciled  to  that  part  of  the  Reformation  which 
allowed  the  marriage  of  ecclesiastics  ;  and  Parker  had  not  only  wTitten  a  pamphlet  in  its  support,  but  absolutely 
entered  the  nuptial  bands  prior  to  the  repeal  of  the  statutes  forbidding  the  priests  to  m.arry.  On  one  occasion,  the 
haughty  Queen  "  being  once  above  the  rest  greatlie  feasted  "  by  the  Archbishop  and  his  lady,  could  not,  at  her  departure, 
forbear  intimating  her  sentiments  in  the  following  rude  and  uncourteous  manner.  After  giving  the  Archbishop  "  very 
especiall  thanks,  \vith  gratious  and  honourivble  terms,"  she  looked  upon  his  wife,  and  said,  "  And  you— 3/(idom  I  may 
not  call  you,  and  Mistrtss  I  am  ashamed  to  call  you;  so  I  know  not  what  to  call  you,  but  yet  I  do  thanke  you."  (See 
Harrington's  "Nugaa  Antiquse,"  vol,  ii.  p.  16,  edit.  1804.) 

I  2 


60  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

his  consecration  took  place  in  this  chapel,  December  17th,  1559,  and  that  it  was  conducted 
according  to  the  "  duly  appointed  ordinal  of  the  Church  of  England."  *  The  officiating 
prelates  were  William  Barlow  and  John  Scory,  the  Eishops  elect  of  Chichester  and 
Hereford ;  Miles  Coverdale,  Bishop  of  Exeter ;  and  John  Hodsldn,  Suffragan  Bishop  of 
Bedford.  Since  that  era  the  consecrations  in  Lambeth  Chapel  were  very  numerous  down 
to  about  the  year  1860,  after  which  most  consecrations  have  taken  place  in  Westminster 
Abbey  or  Whitehall. 

Beneath  the  chapel  is  a  crypt,  supposed  to  have  been  anciently  used  for  divine 
worship.  It  consists  of  a  series  of  strongly  groined  arches  of  stone,  supported  in  the 
centre  by  a  massive  column,  and  by  brackets  in  the  side  walls.  Its  present  height  is 
about  10  feet,  but  the  ground  has  been  much  raised :  the  length  is  30  feet,  and  the  width 
about  24  feet. 

On  entering  the  spacious  quadrangle  forming  the  inner  court,  we  observe  that  on  the 
west  side  it  is  bounded  by  the  library  (Juxon's  hall)  and  great  dining-room  (once  the 
guard-chamber),  on  the  north  by  the  new  buildings  of  the  palace,  on  the  east  by 
extensive  stabling  and  offices,  and  on  the  south  by  the  wall  separating  it  from  Lambeth 
Churchyard. j-  The  alterations  and  erections  of  Dr.  Howley's  time  were  executed  from  the 
designs  of  Mr.  Edward  Blore.  These  buildings  are  of  Bath  stone :  the  south  or  principal 
front  is  160  feet  in  width,  and  is  distinguished  by  two  octagonal  towers  84  feet  high, 
between  which  is  the  main  entrance,  formed  by  an  obtuse  arch  surmounted  by  armorial 
shields  and  other  ornaments.  The  entrance  hall,  about  30  feet  by  26,  communicates  with 
many  spacious  rooms  on  the  chamber  floor ;  also  with  the  principal  floor  by  a  high  flight 
of  steps  skii-ted  by  elaborate  open-work  balustrades,  and  leading  to  si  long  corridor,  the 
ceiling  and  sides  of  which  are  elegantly  panelled. 

On  this  floor,  at  the  north  end,  is  the  Archbishop's  private  library  and  sitting-room, 
measuring  44  feet  by  26.  Here,  over  the  fireplace,  is  an  original  portrait,  on  board,  of 
Archbishop  Warham,  consecrated  in  1504.  This  was  painted  by  Holbein,  and  presented 
by  him  to  the  Archbishop  himself,  with  a  head  of  his  friend  Erasmus.J     The  large  bay 

*  See  Percival's  "Apology  for  the  Doctrine  of  Apostolical  Succession, "  App.  pp.  109—122,  -wherein  copies  are 
given  of  the  origuial  records  of  the  consecration  in  Parker's  Kegister  at  Lamheth,  and  in  the  library  of  Corpus  Christi 
College  at  Cambridge. 

t  In  the  intervals  between  the  buttresses  of  the  library  some  cuttings  from  the  two  fig-trees  traditionally  reported  to 
have  been  planted  by  Cardinal  Pole  are  now  in  a  state  of  vigorous  gro-n^th.  The  trees,  of  the  white  Marseilles  kind,  and 
producing  excellent  fruit,  were  destroyed  with  the  old  buildings  during  the  late  alterations. 

X  Botli  the  above  pictures  passed  by  the  wills  of  Archbishop  Warham  and  his  successors  until  they  came  to  Arch- 
bishop Laud,  after  whose  decapitation  they  were  missing  till  the  time  of  Bancroft,  v.'hen  that  of  Warham  was  recovered 
by  Sir  WilKam  Dugdale,  and  returned  to  the  palace :  that  of  Erasmus  was  wholly  lost.  Warham's  portrait  has  been 
repaired  and  reframed. 


f     ^1 


LAMBETH.  6i 

window  of  tHs  room  commands  a  Yiew  of  the  Houses  of  Parliament  and  the  Abbey  church. 
Adjoining  to  this  are  the  Archbishop's  private  apartments.  In  the  drawing-room  is  a  large 
picture  of  Charles  I.,  his  queen,  and  children,  and  thus  inscribed : — 

This  Picture  was  presented  Ly  King  Charles  I.  to  Sir  Thomas  Holt,  of  Aston  Hall,  Warwickshire  ;  where 
it  was  placed  and  remained  till  the  year  1817,  when  it  was  given  by  Heneage  Legge,  Esq.,  to  Mary  Frances 
Howley.* 

In  the  ante-room  is  another  full-length  portrait  of  Charles.  I.,  ascribed  to  Vandyke ; 
also  an  old  picture  on  panel  of  the  four  fathers  of  the  Western  Church,  viz. — St.  Ambrose, 
St.  Jerome,  St.  Augustine,  and  St.  Gregory — with  the  Holy  Spirit  as  a  dove  above 
them.  This,  with  two  other  ancient  paintings  long  since  lost,  had  belonged  to  Cardinal 
Pole. 

Adjoining  to  the  picture  gallery,  on  the  west,  is  the  great  dining-room,  occupying  the 
exact  space  of  the  ancient  guard-chamber,  which  was  rebuilt  and  converted  to  its  present 
use  during  the  alterations  above  referred  to.  In  the  "  Computus  Ballivorum  "  of  Henry  VI. 
it  is  expressly  mentioned  under  the  name  "Camera  Armigerorum,"  from  being  the  repository 
for  the  arms  kept  for  the  defence  of  the  palace  in  old  times,  as  was  customary  in  all  con- 
siderable houses.  Archbishop  Parker  gave  by  will  aU  his  arms,  both  at  Lambeth  and 
Canterbury,  to  his  successors  in  the  see,  provided  they  were  accepted  in  lieu  of  dilapidations. 
It  seems,  however,  that  such  acceptance  never  took  place,  but  that  they  subsequently  passed 
to  each  succeeding  primate  by  purchase,  for  Archbishop  Laud  distinctly  says  that  he  bought 
the  arms  at  Lambeth  "  of  his  predecessor's  executors."  During  the  plundering  of  Lambeth 
House  in  1642,  those  weapons,  the  quantity  of  which  had  been  much  exaggerated  in 
order  to  increase  the  popular  odium  against  the  Archbishop,  were  taken  away,  and  it 
does  not  appear  that  any  considerable  collection  of  arms  was  ever  afterwards  made  here.f 

This  apartment  is  58  feet  long,  27  feet  6  inches  wide,  and  proportionably  high.  It  is 
chiefly  remarkable  for  its  venerable  timber  roof,  consisting  of  a  strong  framework  of  pointed 
arches  in  five  compartments,  resting  on  brackets,  and  having  pierced  spandrels,  &c.,  in 
the  style  of  our  ancient  halls.     This  was  underpropped  and  preserved  when  the  new  walls 

*  Sir  Thomas  Holt  was  one  of  the  most  faithful  adherents  to  the  royal  cause,  and  his  son  attended  in  arms  on  the 
King  himself,  who  was  entertained  at  Aston  Hall  two  nights  shortly  pre\'iou3  to  the  battle  of  Edgchill. 

t  In  February,  1452,  the  Convocation  which  had  met  in  St.  Paul's  Cathedral  was,  on  account  of  the  great  infirmity 
of  Archbishop  Kemp,  adjourned  to  the  "manor  of  Lambeth,"  and  to  be  continued  from  day  to  da}-.  On  reassembling  in 
this  apartment,  then  distinguished  as  the  high  great  chamber  ("  alta  camera  majori "),  the  collector  of  Pope  Nicholas  V., 
having  represented  the  danger  from  which  his  Holiness  and  the  conclave  had  escaped  by  the  discovery  of  a  conspiracy 
planned  to  destroy  them,  the  Archbisliop  ofl'ered  up  a  prayer  of  thanksgiving  and  praise  for  their^  deliverance.  In  this 
chamber,  also,  Archbishop  Laud  kept  his  state  on  the  19th  of  September,  1633,  the  day  of  his  consecration,  the  King, 
Charles  I.,  having  enjoined  him  by  letters,  in  the  fonn  of  liis  translation,  "  to  use  all  such  ceremonies  and  offices, 
and  to  carry  himseK  with  the  same  state  and  dignity,  and  to  assume  such  Privileges  and  Pre-eminences  as  hia 
Predecessors  in  the  See  had  used  and  enjoyed  heretofore."— 3/SS.  Collect,  Tenison,  vol.  i.  f.  225,  as  quoted  by  Le  Neve. 


b'z  HISTORY  OF  SURREF. 

were  constructed  about  1832.    On  tlie  west  side  is  a  large  fireplace  of  freestone,  cnriclied 
with  ornamental  turrets. 

In  this  room,  besides  smaller  portraits,  is  a  series  of  half  and  three-quarter  lengths,  of 
all  the  Archbishops  of  Canterbury  from  Laud  to  Dr.  Sumner,  arranged  as  follows  : — 


William  Laud,  1633 :  a  fine  picture  by  Vandyke. 
He  was  belieaded  on  Tower  Hill  in  1644. 

f-Filliam  Juxon,  1660 :  from  a  good  original  at  Long- 
leat.  This  prelate  (when  Bishop  of  London)  was 
held  in  high  favour  by  Charles  I.,  -ivhom  he  attended 
on  the  scafl'old,  and  received  his  last  conunands  in 
the  mysterious  word  "  Remember." 

Gilbert  Sheldon,  1663.  Whilst  chaplain  to  Charles  I. 
he  became  witness,  in  1646,  to  a  remarkable  vow 
made  by  that  sovereign,  to  the  effect  that  if  it 
should  please  God  to  re-establish  him  in  his  throne 
and  kingly  rights,  "he  would  give  back  to  the 
Church  all  the  impropriations  and  lauds  held  by  the 
Croivn,  taken  away  either  from  anj'  episcopal  see, 
or  any  other  religious  foundation."  In  his  copy  of 
the  King's  vow  Sheldon  attests  that  he  had  pro- 
served  it  thirteen  years  underground. 

William    Sancroft,    1678-79:    deprived    in   1690  for 
refusing  to  take  the  oaths  appointed  by  Parliament 
after  the  Revolution  of  1688. 
John  Tillotson,  1691. 
Thomas  Tenison,  1694 :  by  Simon  Dubois. 


William  Wale,  1715. 

John  Potter,  1736. 

ThomMS  Herring,  1747  :  painted  by  Hogarth. 

Matthew  Button,  1757  :  by  Hudson. 

Thomas  Seeker,  1758 :  by  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds. 

Eon.  FredericJc  CornwalUs,  1768 :  by  Dance. 

John  Moore,  1783. 

Charles  Manners  Sutton,  1805 :  this  is  an  expressive 
picture  by  Sir  William  Beechey. 

William  Howley,  1828  :  finely  executed  by  Sir  Martin 
Archer  Shee. 

John  Bird  Sumner.  This  portrait  has  recently  been 
added  to  the  collection. 

Besides  the  above,  here  are  several  smaller  heads  of 
the  older  archbishops,  as  Thomas  Fitz- Allen,  alias 
Anmdel,  1396,  a  copy  from  a  curious  and  unicjue 
portrait  at  Penshurst;  Henry  Chichele,  1413; 
Thomas  Cranmer,  1533  ;  and  Edmund  Grindal, 
1576.  Here,  too,  is  a  well-painted  portrait  of 
Cardinal  Polo,  1555,  from  an  original  in  the  Bar- 
bcrini  Palace  at  Rome. 


In  the  picture  gallery,  which  occupies  the  two  remaining  sides  of  the  small  cloister 
quadrangle  that  formerly  contained  the  library,  are  the  following  among  other  pictures  : — 


A  small  portrait  of  Archbishop  Potter,  when  a  boy 
sLx  years  of  age  (1680),  holding  the  Greek  Testa- 
ment, which  he  is  said  to  have  nearly  read  at  that 
early  time  of  life. 

A  portrait,  said  to  be  Archbishop  Sancroft  when  a 
student  (1650),  with  the  motto,  "Rapido  contrarius 
orbi." 

Martin  Luther :  a  small  head  on  board,  brought  from 
Nuremberg. 

An  old  but  imaginary  head  of  St.  Dunstan,  on  panel. 

A  Countess  of  Devonshire,  unknown. 

Dr.  Christopher  Wren  (father  of  the  great  architect), 
small  full-length,  as  Dean  of  the  Garter:  similar 
to  the  print  in  the  "  Parentalia." 

Cardinal  Pole.*  This  is  a  curious  old  painting  on 
board,  executed  in  a  hard  and  dry  style,  but  most 


probably  a  genuine  likeness.  On  one  side  of  the 
head  are  the  arms  of  the  Cardinal,  viz. — Per  pale, 
or  and  sab.  a  saltier  engr.  counterchanged,  impaled 
\rith  those  of  the  see  of  Canterbury.  Above  is  the 
foUo-ndng  inscription,  with  other  words,  now  ille- 
gible : — 

Reginaldus  Polus  E.  Cardinals 
CoUegii  Corporis  Xpi  Oxon.  oUm  Socius, 
Electus  in  dictin  Collegia,  14  Feb.  [1523]. 
Queen  Catherine  Parr :  an  original  three-quarter  length, 
on  board.     She  is  depicted  in  a  rich  di-ess  of  scarlet 
and  gold,   the  face  being  much  younger  and  far 
more  handsome  than   in  the  print  engraved    by 
Houbraken  among  the  "  Illustrious  Heads." 
Richard  Fox,  Bishop  of  Winchester,   ob.   1528  •   one 
hand  is  placed  upon  a  skull. 


*  After  the  decease  of  the  Cardinal  in  1558,  and  prior  to  his  interment  in  Archbishop  Becket's  Chapel  at 
Canterbury,  his  body  lay  in  great  state  at  Lambeth  during  forty  days.  Whilst  resident  at  this  palace  Cardinal  Pole 
maintained  great  state  and  hospitality,  and  in  4  Philip  and  Mary  he  had  a  patent  (still  preserved  here  in  the  MS.  Library) 
for  retaining  a  hundred  servants. 


LAMBETH. 


Thmrns  Bilson,  Bishop  of  Wiu -beslcr,  dated  1611, 
aged  sixty-four. 

A  small  picture,  called  by  Ducarel  Martin  Luther  and 
his  Wife:  small  three-quarter  lengths,  on  board. 
This  is  painted  ^rith  great  truth  and  vigour,  but  ia 
altogether  unlike  the  common  portraits  of  Luther, 
and  more  probably  represents  a  Dutch  burgomaster. 
He  is  looking  most  fondly  on  hia  wife,  who  appears 
to  be  with  child.  Luther  threw  off  the  monkish 
habit  in  1524,  and  in  the  same  year  he  married 
Catherine  de  Bore,  who  had  been  a  nun,  and  with 
eight  others  had  escaped  from  a  nunnery  in  1523. 
They  had  several  children.*  This  piece  has  been 
said  to  be  the  work  of  Holbein,  but  it  beara  no 
resemblance  to  the  style  of  that  master :  it  has  been 
copied  on  enamel  by  Bone. 

Archbishop  Warham :  a  copy  from  Holbein  in  the 
private  library. 

Augmtus  Tomishend,  "born  in  1745,  second  son  to 
Charles,  Lord  Viscount  Townshend,  by  hia  second 
wife;"  Charles,  "  Lord  Viscount  To-svnshend,  Secre- 
tary of  State  to  George  I.  and  George  XL,  1730 ;'' 
Dorothy  Walpole,  "second  wife  to  Lord  Viscount 
Townshend,  1726;"  Sir  Robert  Walpole,  K.G., 
"  created  Earl  of  Orford,  1741  ,''t  ob.  1745.".  These, 
all  full-lengths,  were  apparently  executed  by  the 
same  artist. 

Archbishop  UliiUjift,  1583 :  small,  on  panel,  with  his 
arms.     Ob.  1604. 

Archbishop  John  Moore:  a  small  whole-length,  1783. 

John  Warren,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Bangor.  Ob.  1800, 
a2t.  seventy. 

Henry,  Prince  of  Wales,  eldest  son  of  James  I.,  full- 
length.  This  is  a  cirrious  picture,  both  from  the 
costume  and  the  manner  of  execution. 

Gilbert  Burnet,  Bishop  of  Sarum  (1689),  in  his  robes  as 
Chancellor  of  the  Garter ;  finely  coloured. 

John  Hough,  Bishop  of  Oxford,  1690;  afterwards  of 
Liclifield  and  Coventry,  1699 ;  and  of  Worcester,  17 17: 
ob.  1743.    Tliis  was  painted  by  Sir  Godfrey  Kneller. 

Simon  Patrick,  Bishop  of  Ely,  1691.  He  was  an 
eniment  casuist,  and  one  of  those  who  engaged  in 
the  conference  "  On  the  Rule  of  Faith,"  &c.,  before 
James  II.,  with  the  Popish  doctors  Giffard  and 
Godden,  in  wliich  the  latter  were  so  closely  pressed  by 
their  antagonists  that  the  King  left  them  abruptly, 
and  was  heard  to  say  that  he  "never  knew  a 
bad  cause  so  well,  nor  a  good  one  so  ill  maintained." 


An  old  south  view  of  the  Cathedral  at  Canterbury, 
brought  from  Croydon.  This  is  a  curious  delinea- 
tion, but  has  been  pieced  in  order  to  introduce  a 
sky  and  foreground. 

Archbishop  Herring,  1747. 

Archbishop  Wake,  1715. 

James  Gardiner,  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  1694. 

Dr.  Rimdle,  Bishop  of  Derry,  in  1735. 

George  Hardinge,  Esq.,  M.A.,  when  young :  a  full- 
length,  painted  with  great  spirit  and  brilliancy. 

Near  the  latter  is  a  small  piece  representing  the 
upper  part  of  an  emaciated  figure  in  bed,  appa- 
rently dead,  a  cap  being  nearly  dra^^■n  over  the 
eyes.  Tliis  is  said  to  be  Archbishop  Jiixon  after  liis 
decease ;  most  probably  with  truth,  as  the  features 
closely  resemble  those  of  his  portrait  in  the  dining- 

Archbishop  Sheldon:  a  large  picture  representing  him 

sitting  with  a  book. 
John  Willianu,  Bishop  of  Chichester,  1696. 
William  Lloyd,  Bishop  of  Worcester,  1699.     He  was 

one  of  the  seven  bishops  committed  to  the  Tower  by 

James  II.     His  countenance  is  of  a  very  primitive 

cast,  and  Burnet  eulogizes  him  for  his  humility  and 

goodness. 
John  Moore,  Bishop  of  Ely,  1707. 
John  Evans,  Bishop  of  Bangor,  1701  ;  and  of  Mcath, 

in  Ireland,  1715. 
William  Fleetwood,  Bishop  of  Ely,  1714. 
"  Georgius  Berkeley,   S.T.P.     Couscc.  Ep.  Cleonensis, 

Mali  19,  1755." 
John    Thomas,  Bishop  of   Winchester,    1774.      This 

picture,  by  Dance,  has  the  date  1761,  at  which  time 

he  was  Dean  of  Westminster. 
Richard  Terrick,   Bishop   of  London,    1704,    also   by 

Dance :  both  are  cleverly  painted. 
Benjamin    Hoadly,  D.D.,   Bishop   of  Bangor,    1715; 

translated  to  Hereford  in   1721 ;   to  Salisbury  in 

1723 ;  and  to  AVinchester  in  1734.  This  was  painted 

by  Mrs.  Sarah  Hoadly,  the  Bishop's  wife,  and  is  an 

estimable  specimen  of  female  talent. 
Zacluiriah  Pearce,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Bangor,  1748 ;  and 

of  Rochester  in  1756.     This  is  a  fine  portrait. 
Sir  Thomas  Gooch,  Bart,  translated  from  the  see  of 

Norwich    to    Ely  in   1748:    this  is  dated    1750; 

set.  seventy-six. 
John  Douglas,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Carlisle,  1787;  Dean 

of  Winchester,  and  Registrar  of  the  Order  of  the 


*  In  a  letter  \vTitten  by  Erasmus,  dated  in  1526,  is  this  passage  :— "  Luther's  marriage  ia  certain :  the  report  of  his 
wife  being  so  speedily  brought  to  bed  is  false ;  but  I  heai  that  she  is  now  with  child.  K  the  common  story  be  true, 
that  Antichrist  shall  be  born  of  a  monk  and  a  nun,  as  some  pretended,  how  many  thousands  of  Antichrists  are  there  in  the 
world  already ! " 

t  The  date  1741  on  the  picture  is  incorrect.  Sir  Robert  was  created  Baron  of  Houghton,  Viscount  Walpole,  an.l 
Earl  of  Orford,  in  1742 — two  days  only  before  he  resigned  oflB.ce. 


64  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

Garter:  painted  by  Six  William  Beechey  in  1789.  ArMishop  Par/ic;-,  painted  in  1572  by  Richard  Lyne, 

This  prelate  was  translated  to  Salisbury  in  1791,  an  artist  of  considerable  merit,  retained  by  the  Arch- 

and  died  in  1807.  bishop  on  his  establishment,  and  nnder  whom  he 

Archbishop  Tillotson,  1691.     This  was  formerly  in  the  conjointly  practised  the  sister  arts  of  painting  and 

old    dining-room,    and    Lysons,    speaking    of   the  engraving.     Lysons  says  it  was  presented   to  the 

portraits  there,  remarks  that  "  Archbishop  Tillotson  Archbishop  by  the  painter,  but  having  been  lost 

was  the  first  prelate  who  wore  a  wig  [as  here  repre-  during  the  civil  wars,  was  recovered  by  Sir   W. 

sented],  then  not  unlike  the  natural  hair,  and  worn  Dugdale.     It  bears  much  resemblance  to  a  small 

withou.t  powder."  portrait   of  the  Archbishop   engraved  by  E.  Berg 

Archbishop    Abbot,   1010:    an    expressive    and  finely  (Remigius  Hogenberg),  also  retained  at  the  palace 

coloured  picture.  by  that  prelate. 

In  one  of  the  leading  passages  is  a  line  portrait  by  Owen  of  Dr.  Bell,  the  founder  of 
the  Madras  or  National  System  of  Education ;  and  in  the  drawing-room  is  a  portrait  of 
the  late  Archbishop  Longley,  painted  by  Eichmond. 

Many  important  events  have  taken  place  within  the  walls  of  this  palace,  which  are 
intimately  associated  with  our  domestic  annals  and  the  characters  and  actions  of  many  of 
our  sovereigns  and  eminent  forefathers;  but  the  great  length  to  which  already  this 
account  has  necessarily  extended  renders  it  inexpedient  to  enter  into  further  details, 
unless  of  a  very  general  character. 

Lambeth  House,  says  Lysons,*  "has,  at  various  times,  proved  an  asylum  for  learned 
foreigners,  obliged  to  flee  from  the  intolerant  spirit  of  their  own  countrymen.  Here  the 
early  reformers.  Martyr  and  Bucer,  found  a  safe  retreat ;  and  the  learned  Antonio,  Arch- 
bishop of  Spalatro,  was  entertained  by  Archbishop  Abbot." 

The  archbishops  resident  here  have  frequently  been  honoured  by  visits  from  their 
respective  sovereigns.  Henry  VIII.  was  a  guest  of  Warhani  in  1513  ;  and  one  evening 
in  1543  he  crossed  the  Thames  to  Lambeth  Bridge  to  acquaint  Cranmer  (whom  he  called 
into  his  barge)  of  the  plot  formed  against  him  by  the  dignitaries  of  his  own  Church,  under 
the  secret  encouragement  of  Bishop  Gardiner,  "  who,"  it  was  said,  "had  bent  his  bow  to 
shoot  at  some  of  the  head  deer." 

After  the  battle  of  Solway  Moss  in  1542  many  of  the  Scottish  nobility  were  made 
prisoners  and  sent  to  London.  Among  them  was  the  Earl  of  CassUis,  who  was  committed 
to  the  charge  of  Archbishop  Cranmer  at  Lambeth.  During  his  sojourn  here  Cranmer 
earnestly  endeavoured  to  convince  him  of  the  errors  of  Eomanism,  and  with  so  much 
success  that  the  Earl,  on  his  release  and  return  to  Scotland,  is  reported  to  have  been 
instrumental  in  establishing  the  reformed  opinions  in  that  kingdom. 

Queen  Mary  is  said  to  have  completely  furnished  Lambeth  House  at  her  own  expense 
for  the  reception  of  Cardinal  Pole,  and  she  was  several  times  his  visitant  during  his  short 

*  "  Environs,"  vol.  L  p.  274. 


LAMBETH.  65 

primacy.  The  visits  of  Elizabeth  to  Archbishop  Parker  have  been  already  noliecd  ;  but  his 
successor,  Grindal,  very  soon  inciu-red  the  Queen's  displeasure,  and  was  privately  com- 
manded "  to  keepe  his  house,"  where  ho  was  never  greeted  by  her  smiles.  On  the 
contrary,  TVhitgift,  the  next  archbishop,  was  many  times  flivourod  by  the  Queen's 
presence,  and  she  occasionally  stayed  with  him  two  or  three  days.  Iler  successor,  James, 
also  visited  Whitgift,  the  last  time  being  on  a  mournful  occasion  (February  28th,  ICOl), 
when  the  primate  was  paralytic,  and  on  his  death-bed :  he  expired,  indeed,  on  the 
following  day.  The  Protestant  Queen  Mary  had  a  conference  here  with  Archbishop 
Tillotson  in  1G94. 

In  1642  Captain  Brown,  with  a  party  of  soldiers,  entered  Lambeth  Ilouse  to  keep  it 
for  the  Parliament.  Shortly  after  the  Ilouse  of  Commons  voted  that  it  should  be  made  a 
prison,  and  that  Dr.  Leighton,  who  had  been  a  severe  sufferer  under  the  despotic  inflictions 
of  the  Star  Chamber  Coui't.  should  be  appointed  Keeper.  Among  the  King's  friends  subse- 
quently confined  here  were  Sir  George  Bunkley,  Lieut. -Governor  of  Oxford,  who  had 
distinguished  himself  at  the  siege  of  Basing  ;  the  Eev.  Eichard  Allestry,  afterwards  D.D. 
and  Provost  of  Eton,  an  emissary  of  the  Royalists,  who  narrowly  escaped  a  public  trial ; 
Sir  Thomas  Armstrong,  then  a  partisan  of  the  Crown,  afterwards  executed  for  his  con- 
nivance in  the  Duke  of  Monmouth's  rebellion ;  and  the  Earls  of  Chesterfield  and  Derby. 
Long  prior  to  this  time,  however,  it  had  been  frequently  used  as  a  prison  for  ecclesiastical 
or  other  ofi'enders  who  had  fallen  under  the  disjileasure  of  the  sovereign.  The  deprived 
bishops,  Tonstal  of  Durham,  and  Thirlby  of  Ely,  were  committed  by  Queen  Elizabeth  to 
the  charge  of  Archbishop  Parker  immediately  after  his  consecration ;  and  here  they  both 
died,  the  former  in  1559,  and  the  latter  in  1570  :  they  were  interred  in  Lambeth  Church. 
Dr.  Boxal,  who  had  been  Secretary  to  Queen  Mary,  was  also  imprisoned  here. 

The  palace  library  has  twice  of  late  years  been  the  place  of  meeting  of  a  Pan- Anglican 
Synod  or  Conference,  at  which  were  assembled  nearly  all  the  bishops  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopate  from  all  the  four  quarters  of  the  globe.  The  fii'st  was  held  in  18(37  under 
Archbishop  Longley,  and  the  second  in  1878  under  Archbishop  Tait. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  Archbishops  of  this  see  who  have  expired  at  Lambeth, 
with  the  dates  of  their  decease  and  the  places  of  their  burial : — 

William  If'ittlesey,  June  5tli,  1375.         ^ 

Jolm  Kemp,  March  22iic],  1403.  I      These  prelates  were  iuterred  in  Canterbury 

Henry  Deane,  February  15th,  1505.  |  Cathedral. 

Cardinal  Pole,  November  17th,  1558.      J 

Matthew  Parker,  May  17th,  1570:  buried  in  Lambeth  Chapel. 

John  TFhitgift,  February  27th,  1604 :  buried  in  Croydon  Church. 

Richard  Bancroft,  November  2nd,  1610 :  buried  in  Lambeth  Church. 


66  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

William  Juxon,  June  4tli,  1663 :  buried  in  the  Chapel  of  St.  John's  College,  Oxford. 

Gilbert  Sheldon,  November  9th,  1677  :  buried  in  Croydon  Church. 

John  Tillotson,  November  22ud,  1694 :  buried  in  the  Chureh  of  St.  Lawrence  Jewry. 

Thomas  Tenison,  December  14th,  1715 :  buried  in  Lambeth  Cliurch. 

IFilliam  TVahe,  January  24th,  1736-7 :  buried  in  Croydon  Church. 

John  Potter,  October  10th,  1747 :  buried  in  Croydon  Church. 

Thomas  Seeker,  August  3rd,  1768 :  buried  in  Lambeth  Churchyard. 

Hon.  Frederick  Cornwallis,  March  19th,  1783 :  buried  in  Lambeth  Church, 

John  Moore,  January  ISth,  1805 :  buried  in  Lambeth  Church. 

Ciuirles  Manners  SiUton,  July  21st,  1S2S :  buried  in  Addington  Church. 

Rectoey  axd  Adyowson  01^  Lambeth. — In  the  Taxation  of  Pope  Nicholas  this  living 
is  valued  at  45  marks,  with  the  deduction  of  a  pension  to  the  Bishop  of  Eochester 
amounting  to  £3  6s.  8d. ;  a  quit-rent  of  2s.  5d.  to  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  ;  2s.  Id. 
for  synodals ;  and  7s.  7id.  for  procurations.  In  the  King's  books  it  was  valued  at 
£36  14s.,  leaving  the  clear  proceeds,  after  the  above  deductions,  .£32  ISs.  2^d.  The 
advowson,  withheld  in  the  grant  of  the  manor  by  the  Countess  Goda,  was  given  by 
William  Eufus  to  the  see  of  Eochester.  It  was  transferred  with  the  manor  to  the  Arch- 
bishops of  Canterbury,  who  still  possess  the  patronage.  This  benefice  is  in  the  deanery 
of  Southwark. 

Rectors  of  Lambeth  in  and  since  1800  : — 

1. —  William  Vysej'LL.J).     Instituted  in  1777. 

2. —  Christopher  Wordsivorth,  D.D. .    Instituted  in  1816. 

^.—  George  Z>'  Oyly,  D.D.     Instituted  in  1820. 

4. —  Charles  Broivn  Dalton,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1846. 

5. — John  Fcntiman  Lingham,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1854. 

Among  the  clergymen  who  have  held  this  rectory  several  are  deserving  of  notice,  both 
on  account  of  theu-  learning  and  abilities  and  of  the  transactions  in  which  they  were  more 
or  less  implicated. 

Gilbert  de  Glanville,  Bishop  of  Eochester  and  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  England,  was 
instituted  to  this  rectory  in  1196. 

Henry,  Bishop  of  Joppa,  was  instituted  in  1471. 

Nicholas  Slake,  or  Selake,  who  obtained  this  living  by  exchange  with  Hugh  de 
Buekenhull,  for  the  custody  of  the  free  chapel  of  St.  Eadegund  in  St.  Paul's  Cathedi-al, 
Vfas  Dean  of  St.  Stephen's  Chapel,  and  one  of  the  obnoxious  ministers  of  Eichard  II.  In 
1388,  when  the  Duke  of  Gloucester  and  his  confederates  assumed  the  administration  of  the 
government,  this  priest  was  numbered  among  "  the  suspected  persons  of  the  King's  court 
and  family  who  were  awarded  to  prison  to  answer  to  the  next  parliament."     He  was 


LAMBETH.  67 

coufiued  in  Nottiugliain  Castle,  but  he  probably  escaped  capital  punishment  on  account  of 
being  an  ecclesiastic. 

John.  Porye,  educated  at  Gonyillc  and  Caius  College,  Cambridge,  became  Eector  of 
Lambeth  in  1563,  He  translated  from  the  Latin  "  The  Description  of  Africa,"  by  John 
Leo,  usually  styled  Leo  Africanus,  who  wrote  in  the  early  part  of  the  sixteenth  century, 
and  of  whose  work  a  French  translation  was  printed  at  Antwerp  in  lo5G.  Porye's 
version  appeared  in  1600,  with  a  dedication  to  Sir  Eobert  Cecil. 

Daniel  Featley,  whose  family  name  was  Faii'clongh,  was  born  at  Charlton-upou-Otmore, 
near  Oxford,  in  1582.  He  was  educated  in  the  university  in  that  city,  and  soon 
becoming  eminent  for  his  learning  and  controversial  talents  in  divinity,  was  admitted  D.D. 
in  1017.  In  the  following  j'car  he  was  instituted  to  this  rectory  by  ArchbishoiD  Abbot, 
who  also  ajjpointed  him  his  domestic  chaplain.  Though  a  Calvinist  in  principle,  he  was  a 
strong  upholder  of  the  English  Church,  which  he  defended  by  preaching  and  writing,  as 
well  against  the  Protestant  sectaries  as  the  Catholics ;  and  he  excited  the  displeasure  of 
Archbishop  Laud  by  refusing  to  obey  him  "in  turning  the  communion-table  of  Lambeth 
C^hiu'ch  altar-wise."  In  1G12  he  was  appointed  by  the  Parliament  one  of  the  Assembly  of 
Divines;  yet  his  adherence  to  the  established  forms  and  usages  of  the  Chiu-ch  gave  great 
offence  to  the  fanatics  of  the  time ;  so  much  so,  indeed,  that  in  1G12-3,  in  the  midst  of  divine 
service,  whilst  the  Te  Deum  was  being  sung,  several  soldiers  rushed  into  Lambeth  Church 
with  pistols  and  drawn  swords,  with  the  intention,  as  appeared  by  their  own  expressions, 
of  killing  Dr.  Featley.  They  are  stated  to  have  affrighted  out  the  congregation,  and  to 
have  killed  two  persons,  but  the  doctor,  having  been  "  preraonishcd  "  when  on  his  way  to 
preach,  fortunately  escaped  their  A'cngcancc.  In  the  same  year  he  was  deprived  of  his 
Church  preferments,  his  house  and  library  were  seized,  and  himself  committed  to  Petrc 
House,  in  Aldersgate  Street,  then  used  as  a  place  of  confinement  for  state  prisoners.  This 
arose  from  a  letter  which  he  had  written  to  Archbishop  Usher  at  Oxford  having  been 
intercepted,  and  the  contents  of  which  showed  a  strong  approach  to  double  dealing.  He 
desired  the  Archbishop  to  represent  to  the  King  that  "he  was  secretly  his  friend,  and 
kept  his  seat  in  the  Assembly  of  Divines  only  to  render  him  service  ;  "  and  he  concluded 
with  the  request  that  "he  might  be  promoted  to  the  fii-st  vacant  bishopric  or  deanery." 
After  an  imprisonment  of  about  eighteen  months,  being  in  bad  health,  he  was  permitted 
upon  bail  to  reside  at  Chelsea  College,  of  which  he  was  provost,  for  change  of  aii- ;  and  he 
died  there  in  16-15,  and  was  buried  at  Lambeth.  His  "  Clavis  Mystica,"  &c.,  "handled 
in  70  sermons,"  was  published  in  quarto  in  1G36,  but  is  now  but  little  known,  the 
publication    for  which    he   is    chiefly  remembered    being   that   entitled    "  Ka-ruiiaTnLa-nu 

K  2 


68  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

KctTaTTTwrof.  Tlie  Dippers  Dipt,  ducked,  and  plunged  over  Head  and  Ears,  at  a  Disputation 
in  Soutliwark."  In  that  work,  written  during  his  imprisonment  and  printed  in  the  year 
of  his  decease,  ho  attacks  the  Anabaptists  both  by  ridicule  and  argument,  A  portrait  of 
the  author,  and  a  singular  design  for  a  sepulchral  monument  to  his  memory,  are  attached  to 
it.  In  1G60  it  was  reprinted,  but  with  an  altered  title,  and  a  frontispiece  representing  the 
manner  of  dipping  Anabaptist  proselytes. 

Dr.  George  Hooper,  a  native  of  Worcestershire,  was  elected  from  Westminster  School 
a  student  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  in  1657.  At  the  university  he  became  distinguished 
for  his  acquaintance  with  mathematics,  and  Grecian,  Roman,  and  Oriental  literatiu'e.  He 
was  successively  Chaplain  to  Dr.  Morley,  Bishop  of  Winchester,  and  Archbishop  Sheldon, 
the  latter  of  whom,  in  1G75,  bestowed  on  him  the  rectory  of  Lambeth.  He  was  subse- 
quently patronised  by  the  Princess  of  Orange,  who  made  him  her  almoner,  and  when 
queen,  in  1691,  gave  him  the  deanery  of  Canterbury.  In  1703  he  became  Bishop  of 
St.  Asaph,  when  he  resigned  the  living  of  Lambeth.  His  last  preferment  was  to  the  see  of 
Bath  and  Wells,  which  he  held  until  his  death  in  1727.  Bishop  Hooper  published  several 
works  in  defence  of  the  Church  of  England,  which,  with  a  learned  treatise  on  Ancient 
Coins,  Weights  and  Measures,  and  other  pieces,  were  republished  at  Oxford,  1757,  folio. 

Dr.  Edmund  Gibson  was  born  at  Bampton,  in  Westmoreland,  in  166 9.  He  entered  as 
a  scholar  at  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  in  1686,  and  while  there  he  devoted  himself  to  the 
study  of  Anglo-Saxon  antiquities,  in  which  he  was  assisted  by  the  learned  Dr.  George 
Hickes.  The  result  of  his  application  appeared  in  an  edition  of  the  "  Saxon  Chi-onicle," 
with  a  Latin  translation,  published  in  1692  ;  and  in  1694  was  printed  his  translation  of 
Camden's  "  Britannia,"  with  Additions.  In  1713  appeared  his  "  Codex  Juris  Ecclesiastici 
Anglicani,"  a  valuable  collection  of  juridical  information.  He  was  more  distinguished  as 
an  editor  than  as  an  original  writer.  However,  he  published  many  tracts  in  defence 
of  High  Church  principles,  which  proeiu'ed  him  much  temporary  celebrity,  but  are  now 
nearly  forgotten.  His  pastoral  letters  in  defence  of  Christianity  have  been  often  reprinted. 
Dr.  Gibson  was  inducted  to  the  rectory  of  Lambeth  in  1703.  He  was  also  Archdeacon  of 
Surrey,  and  was  raised  to  the  bishopric  of  Lincoln,  vacant  by  the  translation  of  Dr.  Wake 
to  Canterbury  in  1715.  On  the  death  of  Dr.  Eobinson  in  1720,  he  succeeded  him  as 
Bishop  of  London,  and  he  presided  over  that  diocese  twenty-eight  years,  dying  in  1748. 

Beilby  Porteus,  D.D.,  was  born  at  York  in  1731.  He  was  admitted  a  sizar  at  Christ's 
College,  Cambridge,  where  he  distinguished  himself  by  gaining  the  Seatonian  prize  for  a 
poem  "  On  Death"  in  1757.  In  1762  he  became  Chaplain  to  Archbishop  Seeker,  who  in 
1767  gave  him  the  rectory  of  Lambeth.     In  1769  he  was  appointed  Chaplain  to  the  King, 


LAMBETH.  69 

and  Master  of  the  Hospital  of  St.  Cross,  near  "Wiuchestcr.  lie  was  raised  to  tlio  bishopric 
of  Chester  in  177G,  and  in  1787  translated  to  that  of  London.  lie  died  in  1808.  The 
works  of  Bishop  Poi'teus  were  published,  Avitli  an  account  of  his  life,  by  his  nephew,  the 
Ecv.  Eobert  Hodgson,  in  six  volumes  octavo,  1823.  Ilis  Lectures  on  St.  Matthew's 
Gospel  and  a  tract  on  the  Evidences  of  Christianity  have  been  often  rcjmnted. 

Dr.  George  D'Oyly,  the  fourth  son  of  the  Yen.  Matthias  D'Oyly,  Archdeacon  of 
Lewes,  and  brother  to  Sir  John  D'Oyly,  Bart.,  was  some  time  one  of  the  Examining 
Chaplains  of  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury.  He  was  connected  with  all  the  more 
important  religious  societies,  and  the  foundation  of  King's  College,  London,  is  generally 
understood  to  have  been  the  result  of  suggestions  cmanatmg  from  him.  In  1821 
Dr.  D'Oyly  published  a  Life  of  Archbishop  Sancroft.  He  also  brought  out,  jointly  with 
the  late  Bishop  Mant,  an  annotated  edition  of  the  Bible  in  three  vols,  quarto.  He  died 
in  1846. 

The  Eev.  Charles  B.  Dalton,  a  son  of  the  late  Eev.  William  Daltou,  Yicar  of 
Kelvedon,  Essex,  was  a  scholar  of  Wadham  College,  Oxford,  where  he  graduated  in 
honours  in  1833.  He  was  successively  Eeader  at  Lincoln's  Inn  and  Chaplain  to  Bishop 
Blomfield  of  London,  whose  daughter  he  married.  He  held  the  rectory  of  Lambeth  from 
184G  do-rni  to  1854,  when  he  became  Vicar  of  Highgate,  which  he  resigned  in  1878. 

Lambeth  Church,  dedicated  to  St.  Mary,  is  mentioned  in  the  Doomsday  Book,  but  of 
that  edifice  there  are  no  remains.  In  1374,  as  appears  from  "Wykcham's  Eegister  at 
Winchester,  a  commission  was  issued  to  proceed  against  "  such  of  the  parishioners  as 
refused  to  contribute  towards  the  rebuilding  and  repairs  of  the  church;"  and  in  1377 
there  was  another  commission  "  to  compel  the  inhabitants  to  erect  a  tower  for  their 
church,  then  newly  rebuilt,  and  furnish  it  with  bells."  *  The  tower  is  yet  standing,  a 
proof  of  substantial  construction  ;  but  the  remainder  of  the  fabric,  as  it  now  stands,  dates 
only  from  1851.  The  church,  with  the  exception  of  the  tower,  was  first  rebuilt  within 
one  hundred  and  fifty  years  of  its  original  foundation,  and  principally  by  subscription. 
Archbishop  Warham  was  a  chief  contributor  to  the  building  of  the  west  end  in  1519,  and 
the  Leigh  and  Howard  Chapels  were  erected  in  1522.  In  1769  an  extensive  reparation 
took  place,  and  those  chapels  were  incorporated  with  the  open  parts  of  the  church.  Further 
repair's  and  ornamental  work  were  executed  in  1844.  This  edifice  was  restored  in  1851 
according  to  the  plans  and  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Philip  Hardwick.  Care  was  taken 
that  the  outline  of  the  original  foundations  should  be  preserved,  and  Avhen  possible  the 
ancient  stairs  reproduced.     It  now  consists  of  a  nave,  north  and  south  aisles,  chancel, 

*  E.-i=ter,  Wiu.  de  Wykeluim,  part  iii.  ful.  113,  L,  .ina  ful.  10:2,  c. 


70  HISTORY  OF  SURREV. 

chapels,  and  porch,  the  fine  western  to-\ycr  remaiuiug  nutonchcd.  The  arcades  in 
the  nave  have  been  carefully  restored,  and  the  walling  above  them  has  been  carried  up  to 
the  original  height  and  pierced  with  clerestory  lights,  the  whole  being  surmounted  by  an 
open  timber  roof  divided  into  seven  bays  by  arched  trusses  resting  on  the  ancient  corbels. 
The  chancel  is  divided  from  the  nave,  and  the  Iloward  and  Leigh  Chapels  from  tho  chancel, 
by  three  lofty  arches.  The  large  east  window,  of  five  lights,  filled  with  foliated  tracery,  is 
furnished  with  stained  glass.  The  west  end  of  the  church  is  lighted  by  a  large  circular 
window  filled  with  geometrical  tracery,  and  the  organ  is  placed  immediately  beneath  it. 
The  embattled  tower,  which  stands  at  the  western  extremity  of  the  south  aisle,  and  forms  a 
eonsj)icuous  object  from  the  river,  is  of  stone.  It  is  87  feet  in  height,  and  consists  of  four 
stories,  the  third  story  containing  a  clock,  and  the  uppermost  a  peal  of  eight  bells.*  At 
the  south-west  corner  was  originally  a  beacon,  as  shown  in  Hollar's  view  of  Lambeth 
Talace,  engraved  about  1G47.  At  the  south-east  angle  is  an  octagonal  tim-et  rising  from 
the  ground,  and  enclosing  a  spiral  staircase  leading  to  the  roof.  The  nave  is  divided 
from  the  aisles  by  foiu-  pointed  arches  supported  by  octagonal  columns. 

On  the  south  side  of  the  chancel,  in  the  middle  compartment  of  a  window  of  three 
lights,  was  formerly  the  figure  in  stained  glass  of  a  pedlar  and  his  dog,  traditionally  said 
to  be  that  of  a  person  who  gave  the  ground  called  Pedlar's  Acre,  near  "Westminster  Bridge, 
to  the  parish,  for  leave  to  bury  his  dog  in  the  churchyard.f     Aubrey  makes  no  mention 

*  It  appears  from  the  cliurcliwardeii's  accounts  that  "  tlie  olde  great  bell  that  was  broken  in  1598  did  contain  in 
weighte  xiiii  cwt.  one  C|uarter,  and  xxii  lbs."  The  bells  were  recast  in  1723 :  an  inscription  on  the  third  bell  says, 
"  There  is  cast  in  this  bell  24  King  William's  half  crowns."  On  tlie  sixth  is,  "  There  is  cast  in  this  bell  six  King 
William's  crowns."  In  the  lower  story  of  the  tower,  which  opens  to  the  south  aisle,  is  a  very  luuidsome  pointed-arched 
window  of  several  divisions. 

t  The  progressive  and  vast  increase  in  the  value  of  land  in  the  vicinity  of  London  during  the  last  three 
hundred  years  is  strikingly  sho^^■n  by  the  circumstances  recorded  of  Pedlar's  Acre ;  yet  in  what  manner  that  piece  of 
ground  came  into  the  possession  of  the  parish — imless  as  a  pedlar's  gift,  as  traditionally  specified — is  wholly  unknown. 
It  is  closely  adjacent  to  the  east  end  of  Westminster  Bridge,  and  gave  name  to  the  first  street  on  the  south  side  of  the 
bridge  road  leading  to  Narrow  Wall.  According  to  an  old  admeasiuement  it  contained  1  acre  17  poles,  having  an  extensive 
frontage  on  tbe  river  Thames.  In  1504  it  was  called  the  Church  Hoppys,  or  Hope,  and,  as  appears  from  the  church- 
wardens' accounts  for  that  year,  was  then  an  ozier  bed.  In  1623  it  was  known  as  the  Church  Oziers,  and  either  by  that 
name  or  as  the  Church  Hope  it  was  distinguished,  as  Mr.  Nichols  informs  us  in  his  history  of  this  parish,  "  till  1690, 
when  in  a  lease  of  it,  dated  August  6,  it  is  for  the  first  time  called  Pedlar's  Acre." 

In  1504  and  1505  the  annual  rent  of  this  estate  was  2s.  8d. ;  in  1506,  4s. ;  in  1520,  6s. ;  in  1556,  6s.  8d. ;  in  1564, 
13s.  4d. ;  in  1581,  £\.  Gs.  8d. ;  and  in  1651,  £\,  at  which  sum,  or  with  little  increase,  except  as  to  small  or  fresh  leases,  it 
continued  until  the  commencement  of  the  last  century,  but  was  afterwards  greatly  raised.  The  draining  of  Lambeth 
Marsh,  the  erection  of  the  bridges  of  Westminster  and  Blackfriars,  and  the  formation  of  new  roads  in  consequence,  much 
augmented  the  value  of  this  property,  which  in  1752  was  held  on  a  long  lease  at  the  yearly  rent  of  £100  and  a  fine  of 
£800.  In  1813  nearly  the  whole  of  the  Pedlar's  Acre,  then  much  built  upon,  was  divided  into  three  distinct  parcels,  or 
lots,  and  set  up  for  auction,  when  leases  were  granted  of  each  lot  for  the  term  of  twenty-one  years  at  the  respective 
premiums  of  £2,300,  and  £12  per  annum ;  of  £2,000,  and  £46  per  annum ;  and  of  £1,700,  and  £20  per  annum.  In  1824 
some  attempts  were  made  to  sell  or  mortgage  this  estate,  with  a  view  of  applying  the  proceeds  to  the  erection  of  a  chapel, 
&c.,  which  did  not  meet  the  general  concurrence  of  the  parishioners.  This  led  to  an  appUoation  to  Parliament  in  1826, 
when  an  Act  (7  George  IV.  cap.  46)  was  passed  for  vesting  tlie  Pedlar's  Acre  in  trustees  in  fee-simple,  viz.  in  the  rector 


LAMBETH.  7, 

of  the  tradition,  wLioli  lias  possibly  bccu  invcutcd  siucc  his  time,  but  speaks  of  there 
being  "  the  Portraitures  of  a  Pedlar  (and  his  Dog),  who  was  a  considerable  benefactor  to 
this  parish,  whom  he  has  obliged  to  keep  in  repair  this  picture  from  time  to  time."  *  The 
parish,  however,  did  not  acknowledge  such  obligation,  though  the  following  entries  in  the 
churchwardens'  books  would  scorn  to  have  reference  to  some  undertaking  of  that  kind  : — 

£   ..  d. 

1607.     raid  to  the  glazier  fur  a  panncU  of  glass  for  the  wiiuljw  where  the 

Picture  of  the  Pedlar  stands  0     2    0 

1703,  March  6.     Paid  Mr.  Price  for  a  new  glass  Pedlar      2     0    0 

The  sepulchral  memorials,  as  might  be  expected  in  so  extensive  and  populous  a  parish, 
are  very  numerous,  both  in  the  church  itself  and  its  attached  yard,  as  well  as  in  the 
capacious  burial-ground  in  the  Iligh  Street.  Many  of  the  more  ancient  inscriptions 
recorded  by  Aubrey  have  long  been  taken  away  or  destroyed.  Wc  can  here  only  briefly 
notice  those  of  the  most  interest,  referring,  for  further  particulars,  to  the  accounts  of 
Aubrey,  Nichols,  Bray,  and  Allen.  The  monuments  were,  of  course,  shifted  from  the  posi- 
tions which  they  originally  occupied  when  the  rebuilding  of  the  church  took  place  in  1851. 

Opposite  to  each  other,  near  the  cast  end  of  the  chancel,  are  two  old  tombs  with 
recessed  obtuse  arches  above,  within  which  are  indents  of  small  brass  figiu-es,  which  have 
been  torn  oflP.  That  on  the  north  side  was  erected  in  memory  of  Hugh  Peyntwin,  LL.D., 
Auditor  to  Cardinal  Morton  and  the  Archbishops  Deane  and  Warham,  who  died  in  1501:. 
The  other  commemorates  John  Mompesson,  of  Bathamptou  Wyley,  in  Wilts,  Esq.,  chief 
of  the  domestics  of  Archbishop  Warham,  who  died  in  1525. f 

On  a  brass  plate  (long  removed)  beneath  the  commimion-table  was  the  following 
epitaph  for  Cuthbert  Tonstal,  Bishop  of  Durham,  Avritten  by  the  celebrated  scholar  and 
critic,  Walter  Haddon,  and  printed  by  Aubrey  : — 

Anglia  Cuthbertdji  Tuxstallum  mcesta  requirit, 

Cujus  gumma  donii  laus  erat  atque  foris. 

Ehetor,  arithmeticus,  jurisconsultus,  et  recjui 

Legatusque  fuit ;  denique  prfcsul  crat ; 

Annorum  satur,  et  maguorum  plenus  honoruni, 

Vertitur  in  cineres  aureus  iste  senex. 

Visit  annos  8^ ;  Obiit  18  Novcmb.  1559.+ 


and  churchwardens  for  the  time  heiiig,  and  ten  other  rated  inhabitants  of  the  parish.  Particular  euactmeiits  fur  letting 
the  estate,  either  on  the  general  leases  for  twenty-one  years  or  on  building  leases  for  one  hundred  years,  are  contained  in 
the  Act ;  but  the  trustees  are  in  no  case  to  proceed  in  the  execution  of  their  trust  except  under  the  direction  of  the 
vestry  of  Lamlieth.     The  proceeds  of  tbe  estate  must  also  be  applied,  under  the  orders  of  vestry,  to  parochial  purposes. 

*  Aubrey,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  v.  p.  229. 

t  The  arms  of  Peyntwin  are— &6.  three  thistles,  leaved  and  slipped,  •prober;  those  of  Mompesson— .^j-r/.  a  lion  ramp. 
nah.  impaling  crm.  a  lion  pass,  guardant  gu.  for  Drewe. 

X  Cuthbert  Tonstal,  or  Tiuistall,  descended  from  an  illustrious  family,  was  a  man  of  talent  and  leaiuiiig.  He  was 
raised  to  the  Idshopric  of  London  iu  1522,  and  in  1530  translated  to  that  of  Durham.     Though  like  Lee,  Gardiner, 


72  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

In  tlie  cliancel  also  was  interred  another  Catholic  confessor,  the  fellow-prisoner  of 
Tonstal.  This  was  Thomas  Thirlebye,  or  Thirlby,  made  Bishop  of  Westminster  on  the 
foundation  of  that  see  by  Henry  YIII. ;  he  was  afterwards  Bishop  of  Norwich,  and,  as 
the  inscription  on  his  tomb  purported,  subsequently  translated  to  Ely.  Eefusing  to 
concur  in  the  ecclesiastical  arrangements  which  took  place  under  Queen  Elizabeth,  he  was 
deprived,  imprisoned  in  the  Tower,  and  subsequently  at  Lambeth,  where  he  died  in  1570.* 

Within  the  communion-rails  is  a  large  slab  of  blue  marble  inscribed  in  memory  of 
Archbishop  Bancroft,  who  died  in  1610.  Another  slab  in  the  middle  of  the  chancel 
covers  the  remains  of  Archbishop  Tcnison,  who  died  in  1715;  also  of  Anne,  his  wife. 
A  handsome  monument  of  white  and  veined  marble,  of  a  pyramidal  form,  surmounted  by 
an  urn  and  shield  of  arms,  commemorates  Archbishop  Ilutton  and  his  wife  Maria :  he 
died  in  1758,  and  the  latter  in  1779.  Near  the  east  window  is  a  memorial  for  Archbishop 
Cornwallis,  who  died  in  1783.     Above  the  latter  is  a  tablet,  with  this  inscription  :— 

In  menioric:  of  Anthony  Burleigh,  third  son  of  John  Burleigh,  late  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  Esq.,  who  was 
Lieut.-Gen.  to  K.  Charles  I.  of  blessed  memorie  ;  and  was  put  to  death  at  Winchester,  the  26th  of  January, 
1647,  for  endeavouring  to  release  his  sacred  Majesty,  then  prisoner  in  Carishroke  Castle.  His  two  elder 
brothers  were  slaine  at  Worcester-fight,  in  the  forces  of  his  present  Majesty  K.  Charles  II.  this  being  the  last  of 
that  loyal  family,  except  his  truly  loving  and  sorrowful  sister,  who  caused  this  monument  to  be  erected.  Obiit 
17"  die  Feb.  anno  Dni  1681,  tetatis  su£e  48.     Spe  resurgendi. 

Near  Mompesson's  tomb  is  a  marble  pedestal,  surmounted  by  a  bust  of  white  marble, 
finely  executed  by  Chantrey,  of  the  late  Thomas  Lett,  Esq.,  of  this  parish,  and  St.  Peter's, 
in  the  Isle  of  Thanet.  He  Avas  an  active  magistrate,  and  High  Sheriff  of  Surrey  in  1817. 
Ho  died  in  1830. 

On  the  opposite  side  of  the  chancel  is  the  mural  monument,  in  black  and  white  marble, 
of  Eobert  Scott,  Esq.,  of  which  the  central  part  exhibits  a  well-executed  bust,  within  a 
circular  recess,  surrounded  by  sculptures  of  artillery,  military  weapons,  &c.,  in  flat  relief. 

Bonner,  and  some  other  prelates,  he  repudiated  the  political  authority  of  the  Pope  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.,  yet  he 
steatlfastly  opposed  the  alterations  in  the  constitution  of  the  Church  of  England  which  took  place  during  the  minority  of 
Edward  VI.  He  was  consequently  deprived  of  his  episcopal  dignity,  and  threatened  with  still  harsher  treatment  by  the 
more  zealous  Protestants ;  but  Cranmer,  highly  to  his  credit,  on  this  occasion  opposed  the  proceedings  of  the  Bishop's 
enemies.  On  the  accession  of  Queen  Mary  he  was  restored  to  his  see,  but  after  Elizabeth  ascended  the  throne  he  was  a 
second  time  deprived,  and  during  the  short  remainder  of  his  life  he  resided,  as  a  kind  of  prisoner  at  large,  in  the  family 
of  Archbisliop  Parker  at  Lambeth. 

*  It  appeared,  from  a  discovery  made  on  opening  a  grave  for  the  interment  of  Arclibishop  Cornwallis  in  17S2,  that 
the  body  of  the  ex-Bishop  Thirlby  must  have  been  embalmed,  or  at  least  subjected  to  some  antiseptic  process,  which  had 
preserved  it  from  decomposition  for  more  than  two  hundred  years.  A  leaden  coffin  was  found  in  wliich  the  body  of  the 
deceased  had  been  placed  after  being  wrapped  in  lead.  It  was  covered  with  fine  linen,  still  moist  with  some  liquid  which 
emitted  the  odour  of  hartshorn.  The  flesh  had  the  appearance  of  mummy  ;  the  face  was  perfect,  and  the  limbs  flexible ; 
the  beard  was  very  long  and  beautifully  white.  The  cap,  which  was  of  silk,  probably  black,  had  lost  its  colour.  A 
slouched  hat  with  strings  was  under  the  left  arm.  There  was  also  a  cassock,  so  fastened  as  to  appear  like  an  apron  with 
strings.  The  remains  of  Archbishop  Cornwallis  having  been  deposited  in  an  adjoining  grave,  the  spot  has  been  covered 
with  an  arch  of  brickwork.    (Nichols's  "  Appendix  to  History  of  the  Pariijh  of  Lambctli,"  No.  xxii.) 


LAMBETH.  73 

The  pediment   is    surmounted    by  a  shield  of  arms  and  crest,  and  at   the  base   is    this 
[ascription : — 

Nere  to  this  place  lyeth  interred  the  body  of  Robert  Scott,  Esq.,  descended  of  the  ancient  llarrons  of 
Bawerie  in  Scotland.  He  bent  hiniselfe  to  travell  and  studie  much;  and  amongst  many  otlier  thingcs  he 
invented  the  leather  ordnance,  and  carried  to  the  King  of  Sweden  200  men,  who  after  two  yeares  .service,  fur  hiii 
worth  and  valour,  was  p'ferred  to  the  office  of  quarter-master-generall  of  his  Majesty's  army,  which  he  possessed 
for  tliree  yeares ;  from  thence  with  his  favour  he  went  into  Denmarke  (where  he  was  advanced  to  be  general  of 
that  King's  artillerie)  there  being  advised  to  tender  liis  service  to  his  own  prince,  which  he  doinge,  his  Majestie 
willinglie  accepted,  and  p'fered  him  to  be  one  of  the  gent,  of  the  most  honourable  privie  chamber,  and  rewarded 
him  with  a  pencion  of  .£600  per  annum.  This  deservinge  spirit,  adorned  with  all  endowments  befitting  a 
gentleman,  in  the  prime  of  his  floiu-ishinge  age  surrendered  his  soule  to  his  Redeemer,  1631. 

Of  his  great  worth  to  knowe  who  seeketh  more, 

Must  mount  to  Heaven,  where  he  is  gone  before. 
Arras: — Or,  three  lions'  heads,  erased  gu. ;  imp.  mrt,  a  greyhound  .springant,  arg. 

On  a  grave-slab  near  that  of  Tenison  is  a  brass  representing  the  figure  in  plate  armour, 
■with  a  skirt  of  mail,  but  without  helmet,  of  Thomas  Clere,  Esq.,  son  of  Eobert  Clere,  Knt., 
of  the  county  of  IN'orfolk,  who  died  in  1545.  This  was  originally  upon  a  tomb  (long 
destroyed),  over  which  hung  a  written  tablet,  with  the  subjoined  lines  (preserved  by 
Aubrey),  composed  by  the  celebrated  Earl  of  Sui-rey : — 

Norfulke  sprung  Thee,  Lambeth  holds  Thee  dead, 

Clere,  of  the  Count'  of  Cleremont  thou  bight : 
'  Within  the  Wombe  of  Ormond's  Race  thou  bred 

And  sawest  thy  Cosin  crowned  in  thy  sight. 
Shelton  for  Love,  Surrey  for  Lord  thou  chase ; 

Aye  me,  while  Life  did  last,  that  League  was  tender, 
Tracing  whose  Steps  thou  sawe.st  Kelsall  blase, 

Laundersey  bum't,  and  batter'd  Bulleyn's  render. 
At  Muttrell  gates,  hopeless  of  all  recure. 

Thine  Earle,  haK  dead,  gave  in  thy  Hand  bis  AVill ; 
Which  Cause  did  Thee  tliis  pining  Death  procure 

Ere  Summers  four  times  seven  thou  couldst  fullfiU. 
Aye  Clere,  if  Love  had  booted  Care  or  Cost, 

Heaven  had  not  wonne,  nor  Earth  so  timely  lost. 
Arms,  also  in  brass: — Quarterly,  1st  and  4th,  on  a  fess  three  eaglets  displayed,  impaling  2nd  and  3rd, 
a  cross  moline ;  a  crescent  for  difference. 

There  was  another  curious  brass  on  a  grave-slab  in  what  was  formerly  called  the 
Howard  Chapel,  erected  in  1522  by  Thomas  Howard,  second  Duke  of  Norfolk,  Earl 
Marshal  and  High  Treasurer  of  England,  buried  here  in  May,  1524,  and  whose  ancestors 
had  an  ancient  mansion  at  a  short  distance  from  the  church.  It  represented  the  Lady 
Katheriue  Howard  arrayed  in  a  square  head-dress  and  mantle  of  estate,  whereon  were  the 
arms  and  quart erings  of  the  Howards,  impaling  those  of  Broughton  (of  Essex),  this  lady 
being  a  daughter  of  Johu  Broughton,  Esq.,  and  wife  of  Lord  "William  Howard  (eldest  son 
of  the  above  duke  by  his  second  wife),  afterwards  Baron  of  Effingham,  and  Lord  High 
Admiral  of  England.     She  died  in  1535.     Both  Lord  William  and  his  second  wife.  Lady 

VOL.    III.  L 


74  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

Margaret  Howard,  were  sentenced  by  Henry  VIII.  to  perpetual  imprisonment  for  con- 
cealing the  misdeeds  of  Queen  Catherine  Howard,  his  lordship's  niece ;  but  they  were 
afterwards  pardoned. 

Elizabeth,  eldest  daughter  of  Edrrard  Stafford,  and  second  wife  of  Thomas,  tliird  Duke 
of  Norfolk,  from  whom,  however,  she  was  long  separated,  was  likewise  interred  here  in 
1558.  In  a  poetical  inscription  written  by  her  brother  Henry,  Lord  Stafford,  she  was 
styled  the  "  good  Dutchesse,"  and  highly  praised  for  her  sisterly  affection  and  virtue.* 

Several  other  members  of  the  Howard  family  were  interred  here ;  also  Mrs.  Margaret 
Parker,  wife  of  the  Archbishop,  Avho  had  purchased  Norfolk  House  early  in  Elizabeth's 
reign.     She  died  in  1570. 

In  the  Leigh  Chapel,  originally  erected  in  1522  by  Sir  John  Leigh,  K.B.,  sou  of 
Ealph  Leigh,  Esq.,  lord  of  the  manors  of  Stockwell  and  Levehurst  in  Stockwell,  that 
gentleman,  Avho  died  in  1523,  was  himself  buried,  together  with  his  wife  Isabel ;  but 
his  tomb,  on  which  were  inlaid  brasses  of  himself  and  lady,  was  long  ago  destroyed. 

In  the  pavement,  at  the  entrance  to  the  robing-room,  is  a  large  slab  in  memory  of 
Elias  Ashmole,  the  well-known  herald  and  antiquary.  The  inscription,  now  almost 
obliterated,  was  as  follows  : — 

Hie  jacet  inclytus  ille  &  erviditissimus  Elias  Ashmole,  LielifelcUensis,  Arniiger.  Inter  alia  in  republica 
munera,  tributi  in  cerevisias  contrarotnlator,  fecialis  autem  Windsoriensis  titulo  per  annos  plurunos  dignatus : 
qui  post  connubia,  in  iixorem  duxit  tertiam,  Elizabetliam,  Gulielini  Dugdale,  Militis  Garteri,  principalis  regis 
amiorum,  Filiam.  Mortem  obiit  18  Mali,  1692,  anno  <etatis  76 ;  sed  durante  Musseo  AshmoUano  Oxon.  nunquam 
moriturus. 

In  the  south  aisle  is  a  small  mural  monument  of  freestone,  exhibiting  incised  kneeling 
figures  before  an  altar,  on  which  are  two  open  books,  of  Agnes  Tydnam,  her  two  husbands, 
Thomas  Marshall  and  John  Mannynge,  and  three  sons  and  three  daughters :  she  died  in 
1583.  Against  the  west  wall  is  a  neat  marble  tablet  in  memory  of  Signora  Storace,  whose 
vocal  abilities  had  long  been  the  delight  of  the  frequenters  of  the  drama.  She  died  at 
Heme  Hill,  in  this  parish,  after  a  fcAV  years' retirement  from  the  stage,  in  1817.  Against 
the  north  wall  is  a  tablet  of  white  marble  enchased  in  black,  commemorative  of  Peter 
DoUond,  Esq.,  an  eminent  optician,  eldest  son  of  John  Dollond,  E.E.S.,  the  inventor  of  the 
achromatic  telescope.    He  died  in  1820. 

Against  the  walls  of  the  under  part  of  the  tower  are  afSxed  six  large  tables  of  benefac- 
tions made  for  various  purposes  to  the  poor  inhabitants  of  this  parish. 

Of  the  numerous  sepulchral  memorials  in  the  chm-chyard,  that  exciting  the  most 
interest  is  the  tomb  of  the  Tradescants,  of  South  Lambeth,  erected  by  Hester,  the  widow 

*  A  curious  biographical  memoir  of  this  lady  appeared  in  the  GcnihwmCs  Magazine  for  March,  1845,  pp.  259 — 267. 


LAMBETH.  75 

of  John  Tradescant  the  younger,  after  his  interment  hero  in  lGu2.  This  tomb  having 
become  very  much  dihipidated,  and  the  inscription  ahnost  illegible,  was  repaired  in  1773  ; 
and  this,  having  in  turn  fallen  into  decay,  was  again  entirely  restored  by  subscription  in 
1853.     On  the  covering  slab  the  subjoined  verses  arc  incised:  — 

Know,  Stranger,  ere  thou  pass, — beneath  this  stone, 

Lye  John  Tradescant,  gmndsire,  father,  son; 

The  last  dy'd  in  his  spring ;  the  other  two 

Liv'd  till  they  had  travell'd  Art  &  Nature  through. 

As  by  their  choice  collections  may  appear, 

Of  what  is  rare,  in  land,  in  sea,  in  air ; 

Whilst  they,  (as  Homer's  Iliad  in  a  nut), 

A  world  of  wonders  in  one  closet  shut. 

These  famous  Antiquarians  that  had  been 

Both  Gardeners  to  the  Rose  &  Lily  Queen, 

Transplanted  now  themselves,  sleep  here ;  and  when 

Angels  shall  with  their  trumpets  waken  men. 

And  fire  shall  purge  the  world,  these  hence  shall  rke, 

And  change  this  Garden  for  a  Paradise.* 

The  sculptures  around  the  tomb,  of  which  engravings  were  given  in  the  Philosojj/tical 
Transactions,  vol.  Ixiii.,  from  drawings  in  the  Pepysian  collection,  liave  been  restored  in 
accordance  with  the  original  design. 

*  The  Tradeseants  were  distinguished  as  naturalists,  and  their  collection  contributed  to  tlie  foundation  of  that 
curious  assemblage  of  natural  and  artificial  curiosities  which  became  the  basis  of  the  Ashmoleau  Museum  at  Oxford. 
The  elder  Tradescant,  who  by  birth  was  either  a  Dutchman  or  a  Fleming,  after  having  travelled  through  various  parts  of 
Europe  and  visited  Egj-pt  and  other  Eastern  regions  in  pursuit  of  scientific  information,  at  length  settled  in  England,  and 
obtained  the  office  of  Gardener  to  Charles  I.,  by  whom,  and  by  his  queen  and  court,  he  was  much  patronised.  There  is  a 
tradition  that  his  zeal  for  the  improvement  of  horticulture  induced  him  to  embark  on  board  a  privateer  fitted  out  to 
cruise  against  the  Algerine  Corsairs,  in  order  that  he  might  have  an  opportunity  for  procuring  a  new  variety  of  apricot 
from  North  Africa.  Parkinson,  in  his  "  Garden  of  Pleasant  Flowers,"  printed  in  1656,  mentions  "the  Argier,  or  AJgicr 
apricot,"  as  having  been  brought  to  England  by  John  Tradescant  on  his  return  from  a  vo3'age  in  a  fleet  sent  against 
pirates  in  1620.     Various  other  fruits  and  flowers  were  introduced  into  this  country  by  the  same  enterprising  naturalist. 

Mr.  Tradescant  resided  in  a  large  house  at  South  Lambeth,  where  he  kept  his  collection  of  curiosities,  and  where  he 
died  at  an  advanced  age,  either  in  1652  or  1653.  After  the  decease  of  his  son  and  of  the  widow  of  the  latter,  that 
dwelling  came  into  the  possession  of  Elias  Ashmole,  the  proprietor  of  the  Tradescant  Museum:  "he  added  a  noble 
room  to  it,  and  adorned  the  chimney  with  his  anus,  impaling  those  of  Sir  William  Dugdale,  ■whose  daughter  was  his 
thu'd  wife." 

John  Tradescant  the  younger  seems  to  have  inherited  the  taste,  if  not  the  enterprising  talents  of  his  father.  Wliethcr 
he  made  any  considerable  additions  to  his  stock  of  ciuiosities  is  uncertain,  but  there  can  be  no  doubt  but  that  he  paid 
due  attention  to  their  preservation  and  anangement.  This  house,  apparently  from  the  abundance  and  heterogeneous 
character  of  its  contents,  was  called  "  Tradescant's  Ark."  In  1656  he  published  an  account  of  hia  treasures  under  the 
title  of  "  Museum  Tradescantianum :  or  a  Collection  of  Rarities  preserved  at  S.  Lambeth,  near  London,  by  John  Trades- 
cant," 12mo.  By  his  wife  Hester  he  had  an  only  son,  who  died  in  1652.  After  this,  having  no  surviving  offspring, 
and  becoming  anxious  to  provide  for  the  preservation  of  the  museum  on  which  so  much  time,  Labour,  and  skill  had  been 
expended,  he  determined  to  transfer  it,  after  his  decease,  to  his  friend  and  next  neighbour,  Ashmole,  whose  similarity  of 
taste  he  might  have  regarded  as  a  security  for  the  protection  of  his  treasures  from  dispersion.  The  antiquary  has 
recorded  the  donation  in  his  "  Diary,"  under  the  date  December  12,  1659.  He  says,  "  Mr.  Tradescant  and  his  -wife  told 
me  that  they  had  been  long  considering  upon  whom  to  bestow  their  closet  of  curiosities  when  they  died,  and  at  last 
resolved  to  give  it  unto  me."  In  the  same  record  he  subsequently  states  that  the  property  was  secured  to  him  by  a  deed 
of  gift.  The  donor  died  in  1662.  Mrs.  Tradescant,  his  widow,  was  found  drowned  in  a  pond  in  her  own  garden  or 
orchard  in  1677. 

L   2 


^6  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

The  tomb  of  William  Bligh,  F.E.S.,  Vice- Admiral  of  the  Blue,  "the  celebrated 
Navigator  who  first  transplanted  the  Bread-fruit  Tree  from  Otaheite  to  the  West  Indies," 
is  of  a  Grecian  character,  and  crowned  by  a  blazing  urn.  Admiral  Bligh  died  in  1817. 
His  wife  and  others  of  his  flimily  lie  buried  in  the  same  vault. 

Before  the  Eeformation  there  were  several  altars  in  this  church  besides  the  principal 
one  dedicated  to  the  Virgin  Mary,  its  titular  saint,  namely,  those  of  St.  Thomas,  St. 
George,  St.  Christopher,  and  St.  Nicholas.  A  guild,  or  brotherhood,  was  attached  to  the 
altar  of  St.  Christopher,  and  in  the  churchwardens'  accounts  for  1522  is  entered  a  pay- 
ment of  4s.  8d.  for  a  banner  of  that  saint.  The  same  accounts  show  that  lights  were  kept 
burning  before  the  image  of  each  saint;  and  in  July,  1522,  the  then  large  sum  of 
£3  6s.  8d.  was  "  received  of  the  dutches  of  Norfolk  for  the  Vyrgin  lyghtt."  In  the 
preceding  year  "my  Lady  of  Norfolke"  paid  to  the  churchwardens  £1  12s.  S^d.  of 
"Hock  money."  * 

Among  the  boys  belonging  to  the  choirs  of  churches  and  cathedrals  it  was  an  ancient 
custom  to  elect  one  of  their  number  a  bishop,  and  another  a  dean,  on  St.  Nicholas  Day,  and 
lead  them  in  procession  in  full  canonicals.  It  is  not  extraordinary,  therefore,  as  there  was 
an  altar  to  St.  Nicholas  in  this  church,  that  the  ceremony  of  choosing  a  boy -bishop  should 
be  observed  on  his  festival,  and  in  the  accounts  for  1522  and  1523  there  are  several  items 
relating  to  the  ceremonial. 

Among  the  entries  of  the  time  of  Philip  and  Mary  are  the  payments  of  4d.  to  the 
ringers  when  the  Queen's  grace  came  into  Lambeth  Church ;  and  of  6d.  to  the  ringers 
when  "  ty dings  came  that  the  Queue  was  brought  a  bed."  f 

The  following  instances  of  longevity  are  entered  in  the  Eegisters  of  this  parish  : — 

November  4,  1704,  buried  Joana  Keys,  widow  :  104  at  her  death. 

Jan.  8,  1738-9,  Elizabeth  Bateman,  aged  102,  from  Kennington-laue,  buried. 

Jan.  22,  1788,  William  Cobb,  aged  101  years,  buried. 

Jan.  4,  1803,  Elizabeth  Ramsey,  of  Church-street,  aged  107,  buried. 

May  2,  1807,  Mary  Erauklin,  of  Britannia-row,  aged  102,  buried.  . 


*  The  custom  of  collecting  oke  money,  or  hock  money,  for  charitable  purposes  by  the  men  and  women  separately, 
appear-s  to  have  generally  prevailed  before  the  Eeformation.  The  following  entries  are  from  the  churchwardens' 
tooks : — 

£    s.    d. 

1515.  Received  of  the  men  for  oke  money 0    5     7 

of  the  wyffs  for  oke  money  0  15     1 

1516.  Received  of  the  gaderynge  of  Churchwardens'  weyffes  on   Hoke 

Monday         0    8    3 

t  Ilolinshed  states  that  this  false  rumour  of  the  Queen's  delivery  caused  "  the  bells  to  be  roong,  and  bonefires  to  be 
made,  not  onely  in  the  citie  of  London,  but  also  in  sundrie  places  of  the  realme." — (Ghronick,  anno  155C.)  The  Queen 
indeed  had  been  altogether  deceived  by  her  own  feelings,  as  she  had  never  been  pregnant. 


LAMBETH.  77 

The  subjoiucd  arc  from  other  authorities  : — ■ 

June  28,  1V36,  died  Mr.  Tliomas  Drayman  at  Vauxhall,  in  the  106tli  year  of  liis  age.     He  had  Leon  a  Surgeon 

in  the  Royal  Navy.     He  wrote  a  very  good  liand,  and  had  a  quick  ear,  and  good  sight  to  tlie  last. 
Jan.  20,  1743,  Mr.  "O-'ills  died  at  Lambeth,  aged  102. 

Apr.  1743,  Mr.  Horn,  formerly  an  eminent  grocer  in  Southwark,  died  at  Stockwell,  aged  102. 
May  16,  1749,  Mrs.  Hellings,  widow,  died  at  Lambeth,  aged  103  years. 
June,  1777,  Mrs.  Margaret  Baise,  widow,  died  at  Stockwell,  aged  107. 

In  High  Street,  formerly  called  the  Back  Lane,  is  a  large  burial-ground,  givcu  to  the 
parish  by  Archbishop  Tcnison,  and  consecrated  in  1705.  Several  of  those  -who  have 
memorials  in  the  church  were  interred  in  this  ground ;  among  them  Mr.  Peter  Dolloud, 
the  optician,  and  Alderman  Goodbehero.  Mr.  Thomas  Cooke,  the  translator  of  Hesiod 
and  Terence ;  Ed-svard  Moore,  author  of  "  Fables  for  the  Female  Sex "  and  the 
"Gamester;"  William  Milton,  an  eminent  engraver;  Jeanue  St.  Eymer  de  Yalois, 
Countess  de  la  3Iotte,  who  fled  to  England  after  her  escape  from  the  Couciergerie,  where 
she  had  been  imprisoned  for  her  participation  in  the  mysterious  plot  of  the  diamond 
necklace  ;  Mr.  Eobert  Barker,  the  inventor  of  the  panorama ;  and  that  talented  minera- 
logist and  naturalist,  Mr.  James  Sowerby,  F.L.S.,  were  also  interred  here.* 

At  the  north  corner  of  Calcot  Alley  resided  the  far-famed  Francis  Moore,  original 
author  of  "  Moore's  Almanack,"  the  first  of  which  appeared  in  1698.  He  followed  the 
joint  occupations  of  astrologer  and  schoolmaster,  and  possibly  also  iiractiscd  as  a  physician, 
being  so  styled  on  his  almanac.  Simon  Forman,  another  astrologer,  but  of  far  greater 
celebrity  than  Moore,  was  also  an  inhabitant  of  Lambeth,  where  his  burial,  as  entered  in 
the  parish  Eegister,  took  place  in  1611.  He  died  suddenly  when  in  a  boat  on  the  Thames, 
on  a  Thursday,  having,  according  to  Lilly,  prognosticated  the  time  of  his  decease  when  in 
full  health  on  the  previous  Sunday. t  Another  of  this  class,  Capt.  Bnbb,  contemporary 
with  Forman,  lived  in  Lambeth  Marsh,  and  "resolved  horary  questions  astrologically." 
His  science,  however,  only  raised  him  to  the  pillory,  and  he  ended  his  days  in  disgrace. 

Norfolk  House. — As  early  as  the  reign  of  Edward  I.  the  Earls  of  Norfolk  had  a 
mansion  at  Lambeth  near  the  church ;  but  Eoger  Bigod,  the  fifth  and  last  earl  of  that 
family,  having  given  offence  to  the  King  by  refusing  to  join  in  one  of  his  continental 
expeditions  in  1297,  had  his  lands  seized  by  the  King's  officers.  Though  temporarily 
restored  in  1302  (but  with  a  restriction  of  teniu-e  as  to  issue),  his  lands  and  honours 
became  vested  in  the  Crown  on  his  decease  without  issue  in  1307.     In  1312  the  earldom 

*  All  the  above  persons  had  resided  in  this  parish.  Jlr.  Cooke  died  in  extreme  poverty  in  1757  ;  Mr.  Moore  in  the 
same  year ;  Wm.  MUton  in  1790 ;  the  Countess  in  1791 ;  Mr.  Barker  in  1806  ;  and  Mr.  Sowerby  in  1822. 

t  LiUy,  "  Life  and  Times,"  p.  42,  edit.  1822.  He  also  says  that  Forman  OTote  in  a  book  left  behind  him,  "  This  I 
made  the  devil  write  with  his  own  hand  in  Lambeth  Fields,  1569,  in  June  or  July,  as  I  now  remember." 


78  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

of  Norfolk,  with  its  attached  estates,  was  bestowed  on  Thomas  de  Brotherton,  the  eldest 
son  of  Edward  I.  by  his  second  consort,  Margaret  of  France.  From  that  prince  the 
Lambeth  property  descended,  with  the  Norfolk  title,  through  the  Mowbrays  to  the  family 
of  Howard.  In  the  reign  of  Henry  YIII.,  when  the  mansion  belonged  to  Thomas  Howard, 
the  third  Duke  of  Norfolk,  it  was  the  residence  of  his  son,  the  celebrated  Earl  of  Surrey, 
then  a  youth,  and  under  the  tuition  of  John  Leland  the  antiquary,  who  notices  the  circum- 
stance in  his  notes  on  the  "  Cygnea  Cantio." 

The  Duke,  being  prosecuted  for  alleged  treason,  was  convicted  and  sentenced  to  death, 
and  the  warrant  for  his  execution  actually  signed ;  yet  he  was  preserved  from  impending 
destruction  by  the  opportune  decease  of  his  ungrateful  master,  Henry  VIII.,  on  the  night 
previous  to  the  day  assigned  for  his  decapitation.  His  life  was  spared,  but  he  was 
attainted,  and  kept  in  prison  during  the  reign  of  Edward  YI.,  who  granted  his  house  at 
Lumbeth,  as  a  part  of  the  Duke's  forfeited  estates,  to  the  Marquis  of  Northampton.  But 
on  the  accession  of  Queen  Mary  the  attainder  of  Norfolk  was  reversed,  and  his  lands  and 
honours  were  restored.  He  died  in  1554,  and  in  1  Elizabeth  his  grandson  and  successor 
sold  Norfolk  House  to  Eichard  Garth  and  John  Dyster  for  £400,  not  long  after  which  it 
was  conveyed  to  Mrs.  Margaret  Pai'ker,  alias  Harlestone,*  the  consort  of  the  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury.  The  mansion  itself  was  freehold,  but  part  of  the  annexed  estate  was  copyhold 
of  the  manor  of  Lambeth.  Mrs.  Parker  gave  the  whole  to  her  younger  son  Matthew,  who, 
dying  in  1574,  left  his  wife  Frances,  daughter  of  Dr.  Barlow,  Bishop  of  Chichester, 
enceinte  of  a  son,  who  died  when  six  months  old,  and  the  estate  devolved  on  Matthew,  son 
of  John  Parker,  the  eldest  son  of  the  Archbishop,  according  to  the  provisions  of  the  will  of 
his  uncle.  This  gentleman,  who  obtained  the  honour  of  knighthood  from  James  I.  in 
1603,  married  Joan,  daughter  of  Dr.  Eichard  Cox,  Bishop  of  Ely,  and  retired  to  Sitting- 
bourne,  in  Kent,  where  his  descendants  settled. 

Norfolk  House,  situated  on  the  south  side  of  Church  Street,  has  been  long  demolished, 
and  a  range  of  houses  called  Norfolk  Row,  and  other  buildings  in  Paradise  Eow,  together 
with  the  distillery  of  Messrs.  Hodges,  now  occupy  the  site  of  the  house  and  grounds. 

Cupee's  Garden. — The  Dukes  of  Norfolk,  besides  the  Norfolk  House  estate,  had  a 
garden  in  Lambeth  on  the  bank  of  the  Thames,  afterwards  styled  Cuper's  Garden.  In 
1636  it  belonged  to  Thomas  Howard,  Earl  of  Arundel,  the  representative  of  the  ducal 
family  (distinguished  as  the  munificent  collector  of  the  Arundelian  marbles),  who  held, 

*  This  was  tlie  maiden  name  of  tlie  latly  in  question,  and  it  was  introduced  by  way  of  precaution,  because,  as 
Mr.  Manning  observes,  "  the  legality  of  the  marriage  of  priests  was  then  hardly  established,  and  it  is  well  known  that 
Queen  Elizabeth  did  not  approve  of  it,  as  is  testified  by  her  very  uncourteous  speech  to  Mrs.  Parker  after  having  been 
entertained  by  the  Archbishop." — Sumij,  vol.  iii.  p.  479. 


LAMBETH.  79 

together  with  this  garden,  the  Priuce's  Meadow,  adjoining  it  on  tlie  cast.*  In  1667 
Mr.  Henry  Howard,  afterwards  Dnke  of  Norfolk,  at  the  suggestion  of  Mr.  Evelyn,  gave 
to  the  University  of  Oxford  tbe  most  valuable  of  the  inscribed  stones  and  other  sculptures 
in  his  possession  excepting  the  statuary.  The  latter  remained  at  Arundel  House,  in  the 
Strand,  until  it  was  destroyed  to  make  way  fur  new  streets,  when  a  portion  of  these 
remnants  was  given  to  one  Boydell  Cuper,  who  had  been  the  Earl's  gardener,  and  who 
rented  the  land  called  from  him  Cuper's  Garden,  and  to  this  place  the  statues,  &c.,  were 
removed.  Cupor  opened  his  garden  as  a  place  of  public  entertainment,  and,  to  attract 
company,  laid  out  walks  and  made  arbours,  which  were  decorated  with  the  works  of  art 
in  question;  but  in  1717  they  were  sold  by  his  son,  John  Cuper,  for  £75.  Those  pieces 
of  sculpture  reserved  by  the  Duke  of  Norfolk  were  sent  across  the  Thames  to  a  tract  of 
ground  adjoining  Cuper's  Garden,  for  which  he  had  a  grant  from  the  duchy  of  Cornwall. 
This  tract  being  afterwards  occupied  as  a  wharf  and  timber-yard,  the  level  was  raised  by 
overlaying  it  with  large  quantities  of  rubbish  procured  from  the  ruins  of  St.  Paul's 
Cathedral,  then  rebuilding  by  Sir  Christopher  Wren.  The  consequence  was  that  these 
remains  were  buried,  and  for  a  time  forgotten;  but  in  1712  Mr.  Theobald,  who  then 
rented  the  ground,  in  digging  to  lay  the  foundation  of  buildings,  disinterred  some  of  the 
fragments  of  ancient  sctdpture,  a  part  of  which  was  removed  by  Lord  Burlington  to  his 
villa  at  Chiswick.  Some  years  subsequently  Lord  Petre  employed  men  to  search  and  open 
the  ground,  when  six  colossal  and  other  statues,  wanting  the  heads  and  arms,  were 
recovered  and  transferred  to  the  Duke  of  Norfolk's  seat  at  Worksop.-]"  The  premises  held 
by  Mr.  Theobald  were  occupied  by  Messrs.  Lett  as  a  timber-yard  in  1811,  when  some 
excavations  being  made  for  the  construction  of  a  dock,  a  colossal  statue  of  a  female  and 
other  fragments  of  sculj)ture  were  brought  to  light.  Cuper's,  or  Cupid's,  Garden  became 
notorious  for  the  profligacy  of  its  visitants,  and  was  suppressed  in  1753,  but  the  house 
continued  open  as  a  tavern.  The  ground  had  been  granted  by  one  of  the  Norfolk  family 
to  the  master  and  fellows  of  Jesus  College,  Oxford,  of  Avhom,  diu'ing  many  years  in  the 
last  and  present  century,  it  was  leased  by  the  Messrs.  Beaufoy  at  an  annual  rent  of  about 
£1,200,  and  it  formed  part  of  their  large  establishment  for  the  manufacture  of  English 
wines  and  vinegar,  removed  to  South  Lambeth  on  the  erection  of  Waterloo  Bridge.  This 
site  is  now  occupied  by  the  timber  wharfs  of  Belvidere  Eoad. 

*  In  the  possession  of  the  late  Mr.  Bray  was  an  old  plan  of  part  of  the  "  Libertie  of  Oulde  Parris  Garden,"  in  which 
a  plot  of  ground  eastward  of  the  King's  barge-house  is  designated  "  the  Earl  of  Arimdel's;"  and  nearer  to  Lambeth  the 
"  Earl  of  Arundel's  Walk  "  is  marked  by  a  double  row  of  trees. 

t  From  the  several  engravings  of  these  mutilated  fragments  inserted  by  Dr.  Rawlinson  in  the  fifth  volume  cf 
Aubrey's  "  Surrey,"  they  would  seem  to  have  been  executed  in  a- bold  and  vigorous  style. 


Bo  HISTORV  OF  SURREY. 

Carlisle  House,  anciently  La  Place. — On  the  piece  of  ground  mentioned  in  the 
preceding  account  of  the  manor  of  Lambeth  {vide  p.  43)  as  having  been  granted  by 
Aj-chbishop  Hubert  Walter  to  Gilbert  de  Glanville,  Bishop  of  Eochester,  the  latter  prelate 
built  a  house  for  his  own  residence  upon  the  site  of  an  old  dilapidated  college  near  the 
church,  dedicated  to  the  martyrs,  St.  Stephen  and  St.  Thomas  a  Becket.  Haymo  do 
Hethe,  promoted  to  the  see  of  Eochester  in  March,  131G,  rebuilt  the  house,  subsequently 
called  La  Place,  and  thus  designated  until  1500,  after  which  the  bishops  dated  from  their 
house  in  Lambeth  Marsh.  This  dwelling  was  so  situated  that  access  to  it  could  scarcely 
be  obtained  without  trespassing  on  the  archiepiscopal  premises,  which  occasioned  frequent 
disputes  between  the  officers  and  domestics  of  the  respective  prelates.  At  length,  in  1357, 
Archbishop  Simon  Islip  granted  to  John  Shepey,  the  successor  of  Hethe,  a  license  to  build 
a  bridge  across  a  creek,  or  ditch,  on  the  lands  of  the  Archbishop  at  Stangate,  for  the 
convenience  of  a  more  ready  access  from  the  Thames. 

The  last  Bishop  of  Eochester  who  resided  in  this  mansion  was  Dr.  John  Pisher,  in 
whose  time  a  most  execrable  murder  was  committed  by  Eichard  Eoose,  or  Eose,  one  of  the 
household  servants.  Stow  thus  relates  this  shocking  occurrence: — "The  5th  of  Aprill, 
1531,  one  Eichard  Eose,  a  cooke,  was  boiled  in  Smithfield,  for  poisoning  of  divers  persons, 
to  the  number  of  16  or  more,  at  the  bishop  of  Eochesters  place,  amongst  the  which  Benet 
Curwine,  gentleman,  was  one ;  and  he  intended  to  have  poisoned  the  Bishoppe  himselfe, 
but  hee  eate  no  pottage  that  daie,  whereby  hee  escaped."  *  Eoose  was  attainted  of 
treason  and  boiled  to  death  by  an  ex  i^ost  facto  law,  which  was  passed  in  consequence  of 
his  crime,  but  repealed  in  the  next  reign. 

Nicholas  Heath,  who  became  Bishop  of  Eochester  in  1540,  conveyed  this  property  to 
Henry  VIIL,  in  exchange  for  a  house  in  Southwark.  Not  long  after  the  King  regranted 
it  to  Eobert  Aldrich,  Bishop  of  Carlisle,  in  exchange  for  the  premises  where  now  stand 
Beaufort  Buildings,  in  the  Strand.  The  Lambeth  mansion  hence  acquired  the  appellation 
of  Carlisle  House,  though  neither  Aldrich  nor  any  of  his  successors  resided  there.  This 
place  was  sold  by  order  of  Parliament  in  1647  to  Matthew  Hardy  for  £220,  but  it 
reverted  to  the  Bishop  of  Carlisle  at  the  Eestoration. 

After  that  time  Carlisle  House  was  subjected  to  many  vicissitudes.  On  a  part  of  the 
ground  a  pottery  was  built,  Avhich  existed  in  George  II. 's  reign;  but  the  concern  failed, 
and  the  materials  of  the  kilns,  &c.,  were  used  to  repair  the  surrounding  walls.  It  then 
Ijocame  a  tavern,  and  was  subsequently  opened  as  a  dancing  school  by  Monsieur  Promont, 
a  celebrated  master  in  that  art,  who  endeavoured  to  get  it  licensed  as  a  place  of  public 

*  Chronicle,  p.  94:!. 


entertaimuent,  but  iuoffectually,  iu  cousequcnce  of  tlic  opposition  of  Arclibishop  Sockcr. 
It  was  next  tenanted  as  a  private  dwelling,  and  afterwards  converted  into  a  school.  In 
1827  it  was  pulled  dow:i,  and  the  site  and  grounds  covered  with  small  houses,  including 
Allen  and  Homer  Streets  and  parts  of  Carlisle  Lane  and  Hercules  Buildings. 

In  Carlisle  Street,  opposite  to  the  site  of  the  house  just  described,  is  the  Church  of  the 
Holy  Trinity,  erected  from  the  designs  of  Edward  Bloro,  and  consecrated  in  18.30.  It  stands 
upon  a  piece  of  ground  that  formed  an  angle  of  the  kitchen  garden  of  Lambeth  Palace, 
and  was  presented  by  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury.  The  cost  was  about  £3,000.  The 
building  is  of  Suffolk  brick,  and  it  is  marked  by  extreme  plainness.  Its  former  galleries 
Avere  removed  in  1871.  The  patronage  is  vested  in  the  Eector  of  Lambeth.  The  district 
assigned  to  this  chapel,  by  order  of  her  Majesty  in  Council  in  1841,  includes  a  population 
of  0,000  persons  and  upwards,  all  residing  within  the  compass  of  about  half  a  mile. 
A  vicarage  was  built  iu  this  parish  in  1864,  and  National  Schools  were  erected  about 
ten  years  previously. 

The  National  (formerly  Astley's)  Amphitheatre. — This  place  owes  its  origin  to 
Mr,  Philip  Astley,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  exhibitors  of  feats  of  horsemanship 
during  the  last  century.  He  was  a  native  of  Newcastle-under-Lyme,  the  son  of  a  cabinet- 
maker, by  whom  he  was  taught  his  own  business.  But  being  of  an  enterprising  dis- 
position, he  left  home  when  a  lad,  and  enlisted  in  General  Eliott's  regiment  of  Light  Horse, 
with  which  he  served  in  Germany,  where  he  obtained  the  reputation  of  a  good  soldier  and 
a  bold  and  skilful  rider.  Ecturning  to  England  after  the  war  in  17G3,  Astley  commenced 
the  exliibition  of  feats  of  horsemanship,  first  in  an  open  field  in  Lambeth  (near  Glover's 
"Halfpenny  Hatch,"  a  locality  now  scarcely  remembered),  and  meeting  with  success 
(though  at  this  time  the  possessor  of  two  horses  only — the  one  a  charger  given  him  by 
General  Eliott  for  his  intrepidity  and  good  conduct,*  and  the  other  bought  in  Smithfield), 
he  travelled  through  various  parts  of  the  kingdom,  and  acquired  so  much  celebrity  that  ho 
was  enabled  to  found  an  establishment  on  a  plot  of  ground  near  Westminster  Bridge, 
which  afterwards  became  the  site  of  the  amphitheatre.  This  place,  then  called  Astley's 
Booth,  was  merely  enclosed  with  boards,  provided  with  seats  for  visitors,  and  sheltered 
from  the  weather  by  a  penthouse  roof;  but  the  spirited  proprietor  iu  every  successive  season 
endeavoured  to  increase  the  attractions  of  his  amphitheatre,  both  by  improved  arrangements 

*  Iu  tlie  battle  of  EmsJorff  Astley  took  a  royal  standard  of  France,  though  his  horse  was  shot  Under  liini,  but,  being 
lemounteJ,  he  brought  off  Iiis  prize  in  despite  of  an  escort  of  the  enemy's  infantry,  at  least  ten  in  number,  by  wliom  he 
was  wounded.  At  Friedberg  he  personally  assisted,  under  a  very  heavy  fire,  in  rescuing  the  Hereditary  Prince  of 
Brunswick,  when  his  Highness  was  wounded  within  the  enemy's  lines.  At  a  subsequent  period,  during  the  revolutionary 
war  ^vith  France,  he  was  mainly  instrumental  in  saving  the  Duke  of  York  from  being  taken  prisoner  in  Holland. 


8z  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

for  tlie  accommodation  of  visitors  and  by  adding  feats  of  agility  to  tlie  equestrian  perform- 
ances, and  in  1773  lie  erected  a  covered  structure,  wliicli  was  opened  in  the  beginning 
of  the  ensuing  year,  and  was  known  as  the  Amphitheatre  Eiding-House. 

Assisted  by  his  son  and  other  performers,  in  1780  he  commenced  a  winter  season  with 
feats  of  horsemanship,  mixed  with  other  novel  and  attractive  exhibitions.  He  subse- 
quently had  to  encounter  the  rivalry  of  Hughes,  the  founder  of  the  Eoyal  Circus,  who,  in 
conjunction  with  Charles  Dibdiu,  the  song  writer  and  vocalist,  proposed  to  combine 
equestrian  exhibitions  with  dramatic  or  melodramatic  entertainments.  Astley  then,  in  the 
beginning  of  1784,  built  a  stage,  and  having  re-decoratcd  his  amphitheatre  in  a  new  style, 
opened  it  as  the  Eoyal  Grove. 

After  an  active  management  of  twenty  years,  Mr.  Astley,  in  1792,  resigned  the  Eoyal 
Saloon,  as  it  was  then  termed,  to  his  son,  and  the  undertaking  was  prosjDcrously  con- 
ducted under  his  direction  until  1794,  when  the  building  was  destroyed  by  fire.  Unde- 
pressed by  this  calamity,  the  elder  Astley,  then  on  the  continent  serving  as  a  volunteer 
in  the  army  of  the  Duke  of  Tork,  obtained  leave  of  absence  and  returned  to  England, 
where  ho  exerted  himself  so  effectually  that  a  new  building  on  the  same  site  as  the  former, 
and  called  the  Amphitheatre  of  Arts,  was  opened  to  the  public  on  Easter  Monday,  1795. 
Another  fii-e  took  place  in  1803,  destroying  property  to  the  amount  of  £30,000 ;  but  the 
most  lamentable  circumstance  was  the  loss  of  Mrs.  Smith,  the  mother-in-law  of  Astley  the 
younger,  who  was  burned  to  death  in  the  dwelling-house,  in  consequence  (as  supposed)  of 
retui-ning  for  a  sum  of  money  deposited  in  the  bedroom.  When  this  happened  the 
elder  Astley  was  at  Earis,  and  on  the  eve  of  being  kept  as  a  detenu  under  Eonaparte's 
Milan  decree ;  but  he  escaped  by  stratagem,  and  again  by  his  vigorous  exertions  caused 
the  amphitheatre  to  be  rebuilt,  and  opened  on  Easter  Monday,  1804.  Several  members 
of  the  company  were  afterwards  admitted  to  a  share  in  the  concern  Avith  young  Astley, 
and  under  their  united  management  equestrian  spectacles  were  first  introduced  on  the- 
stage,  and  they  have  ever  since  continued  to  form  a  part  of  the  regular  entertainments. 

In  180G  Mr.  Astley,  sen.,  erected  the  Olympic  FavUion,  in  Wych  Street,  Druiy  Lane, 
that  being  the  last  of  nineteen  places  of  entertainment  which  he  had  built  in  the  course  of 
his  eventful  career.  He  died  at  Earis  in  1814 ;  and  his  son  and  successor  died  in  the 
same  house,  chamber,  and  bed  in  which  his  father  had  expu-ed,  in  1821  :  they  were 
both  interred  in  the  cemetery  called  Eere-la-Chaise,  in  the  above  city.* 

*  ViHi  Brayley's  "  Theatres  of  London,"  pp.  58 — 64,  a  book  whicli  contains  some  singular  particulars  of  the  career  of 
the  elder  Astley.  His  ground  landlord  (a  timber  merchant),  of  whom  he  iii'st  rented  the  site  of  the  amphitheatre,  had 
a  preserve  or  breed  of  pheasants  near  the  spot. 


LAMBETH. 


83 


DuriBg  the  ucxt  tlircc  j-cars  the  spectacles  vrcro  couducted  by  Mr.  W.  Davis,  who  hud 
been  joint  lessee  with  j'oung  Astley,  and  the  jilace  was  known  as  Davis's  Amphitheatre. 
His  interest  expired  in  1824,  and  shortly  after  a  new  lease  was  taken  by  the  celebrated 
equestrian,  Andrew  Ducrow,  Avho  was  born  at  the  Xag's  Ilcad,  in  the  ]]or6iigh,  in  1793, 
at  which  time  his  father,  Peter  Ducrow,  a  native  of  Bruges,  was  a -performer  in  Astley 's 
company,  and  called  the  "Flemish  Hercules,"  from  his  activity  and  feats  of  strengtli. 
Subsequently  Mr.  West  became  a  partner  with  Ducrow,  and  their  conjoined  efforts  were 
accompanied  by  complete  success  until  1841,  when  the  building  was  again  destroyed  by 
a  fire,  caused  by  the  falling  of  some  ignited  wadding  below  the  stage  during  the  discharge 
of  cannon  in  a  piece  called  the  Wars  of  Cromwell.  On  this  occasion  a  female  servant 
perished  in  a  similar  manner  to  young  Astley's  mother-in-law — from  returning  to  rescue 
some  property  in  her  bedchamber.  Except  three  horses,  the  whole  of  the  stud  was  saved, 
but  all  else  was  destroyed.  This  catastrophe  had  a  fatal  effect  on  the  already  declining 
health  of  Ducrow,  who  became  mentally  deranged,  and  died  of  paralysis  in  1842.  He  was 
buried  in  the  cemetery  at  Kcusal  Green.  His  funeral  was  a  public  one,  and  conducted 
with  much  equestrian  solemnity. 

In  1841  the  vacant  site,  with  other  ground,  was  taken  on  a  long  lease  by  Mr.  William 
Batty,  who  in  the  following  year  erected  a  new  amphitheatre,  much  larger,  more 
substantially  built,  and  more  unique  in  its  appointments  than  any  of  the  preceding  ones. 
The  general  designs  for  its  arrangement  were  suggested  by  Mr.  Usher,  who  for  many 
years  had  been  clown  to  the  horsemanship.  Messrs.  Haward  and  jS'ixon  were  the  chief 
builders,  by  whom  the  exterior  walls  (previously  raised)  wore  additionally  strengthened, 
and  the  internal  work  executed.  At  the  same  time  opportimity  was  taken  to  connect  the 
Bridge  Eoad  with  the  Palace  IN'ew  Koad,  by  opening  a  new  street  adjoining  to  the  eastern 
side  of  the  amphitheatre. 

The  interior,  which  is  of  the  general  horseshoe  form  and  very  lofty,  exhibits  much 
elegance  in  its  decorations.  There  is  one  fidl  tier  of  boxes,  in  nine  large  divisions,  fronting 
the  proscenium  (three  of  which  are  private),  and  two  half-tiers  extending  along  the  sides, 
and  ranging  evenly  with  the  gallery  slips.  The  central  box,  which  has  the  regal  arms  in 
front,  remains  as  it  was  fitted  up  for  the  reception  of  her  Majesty  Qiieen  Victoria,  who, 
with  her  royal  consort  Prince  Albert,  the  young  Prince  of  Wales,  and  the  Princess 
Eoyal,  witnessed  a  special  display  of  horsemanship  here  on  the  24th  of  March,  184G. 

Though  the  present  theatre  was  constructed  with  both  a  stage  and  a  circle  for  horse- 
manship, the  latter  has  been  discontinued  since  1863,  when  the  theatre  was  remodelled  by 
Mr,  Dion  Boueicault.     In  1873  the  theatre  was  taken  by  Mr.  Sanger,  and  the  title  of 

m"2 


84  HISTORY  OF  SURREF. 

"  Astley's  "  has  disappeared  from  the  bills.  We  have  in  its  place  "  Sanger's  Grand 
National  Amphitheatre." 

Westminster  Bridge. — Except  old  Loudon  Bridge,  no  other  connected  the  metropolis 
-with  the  Surrey  side  of  the  Thames  until  that  of  Westminster  was  built,  between  1738 
and  1750.  When  the  scheme  of  building  a  bridge  at  this  spot  had  been  approved,  five 
different  sites  were  proposed  for  its  erection.  It  was  at  length  determined  that  it  should 
commence  from  the  ancient  wool-staple  adjacent  to  New  Palace  Yard,  and  in  a  line  with 
the  west  side  of  St.  James's  Park. 

Several  Acts  of  Parliament  were  passed  to  regulate  the  proceedings,  and  provide 
funds  for  the  erection  and  support  of  tlie  intended  fabric,  which  was  begun  in  1738,  from 
the  designs  and  under  the  superintendence  of  M.  Chas.  Labelye,  a  Swiss  architect  and 
civil  engineer,  patronised,  and  probably  brought  to  England,  by  Henry  Herbert,  Earl  of 
Pembroke,  the  chief  of  the  parliamentary  commissioners  in  whom  the  general  management 
had  been  vested.  The  first  stone  was  laid  in  1739,  and  the  bridge  was  opened  without 
much  ceremony,  by  torchlight,  between  twelve  and  one  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  Sunday, 
November  17th,  1750.  The  work  would  have  been  finished  much  earlier  but  for  the 
sinking  of  one  of  the  piers  in  174.7,  the  partial  rebuilding  of  which,  with  its  adjoining 
arches,  caused  a  great  delay.  This  arose  from  the  plan  adopted  by  the  architect  of 
building  the  piers  in  caissons,  or  wooden  cases,  instead  of  piling  the  entire  foundations. 
This  bridge  was  1,223  feet  in  length,  and  44  feet  in  breadth  between  the  balustrades.  11 
consisted  of  thirteen  principal  and  two  smaller  arches,  all  semicircular,  which  sprang  from  the 
piers  at  about  two  feet  above  the  old  low-water  mark.  The  central  arch  was  76  feet  wide, 
but  the  principal  lateral  arches  decreased  in  width  by  intervals  of  four  feet  each.  Each 
of  the  smaller  arches,  which  connected  the  outermost  piers  with  the  abutments,  was  25 
feet  wide.  The  entire  water-way  was  about  870  feet.  At  each  end  of  the  bridge  were 
double  flights  of  steps  of  moorstone  leading  to  the  river.  The  roadway  across  the 
bridge  was  considerably  lowered  in  1843  and  1844,  by  which  means  from  20,000  to 
30,000  tons  of  the  weight  on  the  arches  were  taken  off,  but  the  breadth  of  carriage-way, 
in  consequence  of  that  removal,  was  reduced  several  feet. 

Maitland,  in  his  "  History  of  London,"  says  that  the  expense  of  constructing  this 
bridge  was  £389,500,  being  the  gross  amount  of  the  profits  of  three  lotteries,  and  of  various 
sums  granted  from  the  Exchequer  by  Parliament.  Labelye,  the  architect,  stated  that  the 
net  expenditure  was  £218,000. 

A  select  committee  of  the  House  of  Commons  was  appointed  in  1848  "to  consider  the 
present  state  of  Westminster  Bridge,"  &c.,  and  report  their  opinion  to  the  House,     The 


LAMBETH.  85 

opinion  of  the  committee,  founded  on  the  evidence  of  our  most  intelligent  engineers,  and 
embodied  in  seven  resolutions,  was  in  substance  as  follows,  viz. : — • 

That  the  foundations  having  been  originally  vicious,  the  bridge  can  never  be  perma- 
nently sound ;  and  that  the  expenditure  of  £70,000,  as  contemplated,  for  alterations  and 
repairs,  would  still  leave  the  bridge  in  an  insecure  state,  and  render  the  water-way  far  less 
adequate  to  the  requirements  of  the  navigation  than  at  present.  That,  irrespectively  of 
the  approaches,  the  expense  of  a  new  stone  bridge,  retaining  the  old  one  for  temporary  use, 
would  not  exceed  £360,000,  towards  which  the  bridge  estates  would  probably  afford  a 
clear  surplus  of  £100,000.  That  Parliament,  in  addition  to  the  money  raised  by  lotteries, 
having  by  du'ect  grants  from  the  Exchequer  "  furnished  a  large  part  of  the  expense  of 
erecting  originally  the  present  Bridge,"  and  having  declared  it  to  be  extra-parochial  and 
not  a  county  bridge  (9  Geo.  11.  c.  29,  sec.  20  &  21),  maintainable  as  such  bridges  are  by 
county  rates,  "has  recognised  and  sanctioned  the  principle  that  this  Bridge  shall  be  main- 
tained, and  when  needful,  repaired,  restored,  and  rebuilt,  at  the  expense  of  the  State." 
That,  under  these  circumstances,  the  committee  recommend  that  a  new  bridge  be  con- 
structed, and  "  that  a  Bill  be  brought  into  Parliament  next  Session  to  transfer  to  the 
Commissioners  of  Her  Majesty's  Woods,  &c.,  the  Estates  and  Property  of  the  Bridge 
Commissioners ;  due  consideration  being  had  to  the  claims  of  the  Officers  of  the  Bridge 
Estates,  if  theii*  services  should  be  discontinued."  * 

The  new  bridge  at  Westminster,  which  occupies  the  place  of  the  old  one,  but  which  is 
almost  double  the  width,  is  a  very  handsome  structure,  built  chiefly  of  iron.  It  was 
commenced  in  1S55  by  IMr.  Page,  and  completed  in  18G2,  the  latter  part  of  the  work 
having  been  carried  out  under  the  directions  of  the  late  Sir  Charles  Barry,  the  well-known 
architect.  The  present  bridge  is  1,1G0  feet  long,  by  85  feet  wide.  It  consists  of  seven 
arches  (the  centre  one  having  a  span  of  120  feet)  resting  on  granite  piers,  the  parapet  and 
ornamental  portions  having  been  designed  to  accord  with  the  adjacent  IIouscs  of  Parlia- 
ment. The  roadway  is  53  feet  wide,  and  the  footways  15  feet:  the  former  is  divided  into 
going  and  coming  roads,  and  has  tramways  or  grooves  for  the  wheels  of  the  heavy 
vehicles.     The  cost  of  construction  of  the  present  bridge  was  £206,000. 

St.  Thomas's  Hospital. — At  the  foot  of  Westminster  Bridge,  and  extendmg  along  the 
banks  of  the  river  towards  Lambeth  Palace,  is  the  new  St.  Thomas's  Hospital,  removed 
hither  from  Southwark  in  1870-71.  The  ground  on  which  the  hospital  stands,  between 
8  and  9  acres  in  extent,  was  purchased  from  the  Board  of  Works  at  a  cost  of  about 

*  Viih  Tliird  Report  of  the  Select  Committee  of  the  House  of  Commons  on  Westminster  Eridge  ami  the  New 
Palace. 


86  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

£100,000.  Nearly  half  of  the  site  was  reclaimed  from  the  mud  of  the  river.  The 
buildings  have  a  frontage  of  about  1,700  feet  in  length,  and  are  about  250  feet  in  depth. 
The  Hospital  consists  of  eight  distinct  buildings,  or  pavilions.  Six  in  the  centre  are  for 
patients  ;  that  at  the  north  end  is  for  the  officers  of  the  Hospital,  board-room,  &c. ;  that  at 
the  south  for  a  museum,  lecture-room,  and  school  of  medicine. 

The  style  of  the  buildings  may  be  called  Palladian,  with  rich  facings  of  coloured  bricks 
and  Portland  stone.  The  entrance  hall,  facing  the  new  Lambeth  Palace  Eoad,  is  a  large 
and  spacious  apartment.  In  it  is  a  statue  of  the  Queen,  by  whom  the  foundation  stone  of 
the  Hospital  Avas  laid  in  1868,  and  the  building  opened  in  1871.  The  statue,  executed  by 
Mr.  Noble,  is  sculptured  out  of  a  block  of  pure  white  Carrara  marble,  and  weighs  5  tons. 
The  Queen  is  represented  seated  on  a  state  chair,  in  her  full  robes  of  state,  holding  the 
sceptre  in  her  right  hand  and  the  orb  in  her  left.  The  likeness  of  her  Majesty  is 
considered  excellent.  The  pedestal  upon  which  the  statue  stands  is  of  Sicilian  marble, 
beautifully  moulded  aud  carved,  with  panels  in  the  centre  on  each  side.  "Within  the  panel 
immediately  under  the  statue  is  the  following  inscription  : — "  Her  Majesty  Queen  Victoria. 
The  gift  of  Sir  John  Musgrove,  Bart.,  President,  1873." 

There  is  a  chapel  which  affords  sittings  for  more  than  300  persons  ;  there  are  large  and 
spacious  surgeries  and  dispensers'  offices,  with  ample  house  accommodation  for  chaplains, 
resident  surgeons,  dressers,  &c.  Altogether  the  Hospital  can  make  up  650  beds  for  patients, 
and  contains  from  first  to  last,  in  all  its  wards,  houses,  out-offices,  kitchens,  sculleries,  &c., 
nearly  1,000  distinct  compartments. 

The  plan  of  the  whole  is  considered  perfect.  It  is  calculated  that  at  least  half  a  million 
has  been  expended  upon  this  splendid  structure. 

The  space  between  the  grounds  of  St.  Thomas's  Hospital  and  the  river,  extending 
from  Westminster  to  Lambeth  Bridges,  a  distance  of  2,200  feet,  is  filled  in  by  a  solid 
embankment,  which,  commenced  in  1866,  was  opened  for  pedestrians  in  the  space  of  about 
two  years.  The  work,  called  the  Albert  Embankment,  is  continued  beyond  Lambeth 
Bridge  as  far  as  the  site  of  the  London  Gas  Works,  2,100  feet  higher  up  the  river :  it  was 
carried  out  by  the  Metropolitan  Board  of  Works  under  the  direction  of  Sir  Joseph  Bazal- 
gette,  and  forms  part  of  his  design  of  embanking  the  Thames  in  its  course  through  London. 

Attempts  at  gardening  have  been  made  here  in  the  vicinity  of  Lambeth  Palace,  but 
the  experiment  has  not  been  attended  with  much  success.  Trees,  too,  have  been  planted, 
but  these  had  afterwards  to  be  removed,  the  exhalation  from  the  adjacent  potteries  having, 
it  is  supposed,  destroyed  their  vitality. 

Close  by  the  principal  gateway  of  Lambeth  Palace,  and  uniting  the  Albert  Embank- 


LAMBETH.  87 

meut  witli  Millbauk,  is  Larabctli  Bridge,  -wLiicIi  lias  superseded  the  old  "liorsc  ferry" 
which  for  many  years  was  the  means  of  communication  at  this  point.  The  bridge  is  con- 
structed of  ii-on,  on  the  suspension  principle,  and  was  built  in  18G2  :  it  has  three  spans  of 
280  feet. 

Asylum  for  Female  Orphans. — Shortly  after  the  completion  of  old  Westminster 
Bridge  and  the  formation  of  the  roads  leading  to  it  on  the  Surrey  side,  an  inn  was  built, 
with  extensive  stabling  and  a  spacious  garden  attached,  upon  an  angle  of  Lambeth  Marsh, 
since  called  Mead  Place.  The  ground  (described  as  a  close  late  in  the  tenure  of  John 
Billington)  belonged  to  the  City  of  London  under  a  grant  from  Edward  VI,  in  1551,  it 
having  formed  part  of  the  possessions  of  Charles  Brandon,  Duke  of  Suffolk.*  After  a 
little  time  the  speculation  failed,  and  the  premises,  distinguished  by  the  sign  of  the 
Hercules,  were  offered  for  sale.  About  this  juncture  Sir  John  Fielding  (younger  brother 
of  the  celebrated  novelist),  who  for  several  years  was  the  chief  police  magistrate  of  the 
metropolis,  was  endeavoming  to  found  an  institution  for  the  maintenance  and  education  of 
female  orphans.  His  views  were  aided  by  a  committee  of  noblemen  and  gentlemen,  and  a 
fund  was  raised  sufficient  both  to  buy  the  lease  and  fit  up  the  premises,  which  were  opened 
for  the  reception  of  children  in  1758. 

The  beneficial  cftects  of  this  institution  were  soon  aj^parcnt,  and  it  progressively 
received  so  much  support  and  patronage  that  the  subscribers  considered  it  expedient  to 
obtain  a  charter  of  incorporation.  Accordingly  in  1800  they  were  constituted  a  body  politic 
under  the  style  of  "The  President,  Vice-Presidents,  Treasui-er,  and  Guardians  of  the 
Asylum  for  Orphan  Gii-ls,  the  settlements  of  whose  parents  cannot  be  found." 

The  original  lease  expiring  about  1823,  an  application  was  made  for  a  renewal;  but,  on 
the  Corporation  of  London  requiring  an  annual  rent  of  £800,  it  was  deemed  best  to 
purchase  the  freehold,  which  was  done  at  the  cost  of  nearly  £16,000.  In  1826  the  Asylum 
was  rebuilt  from  the  designs  of  Mr.  Lloyd.  The  principal  front  consisted  of  a  low  uniform 
body  and  wings  (the  latter  projecting  at  right  angles)  of  two  stories,  with  a  portico  of  the 
Ionic  order  rising  to  the  roof,  sm-mounted  by  a  small  clock  tower.  The  building  was 
pulled  down  a  few  years  ago,  and  the  institution  removed  to  Beddington — the  old 
Elizabethan  mansion  of  the  Carews— near  Croydon.  The  site  was  soon  afterwards  covered 
by  Christ  Church,  a  large  non-denominational  Nonconformist  chapel,  erected  to  perpetuate 
the  work  inaugurated  by  Eowland  Hill  at  Surrey  Chapel,  in  the  Blackfriars  Road.     The 

*  Upon  part  of  the  gi-ouud  twenty-five  houses,  forming  a  portion  of  Hercules  Buildings,  were  also  built.  At  a 
subsequent  time  the  elder  Astley  erected,  behind  the  buildings,  Hercules  Hall  for  his  own  residence.  This  dwelling 
continued  for  many  years  in  the  possession  of  his  family,  but  was  pulled  down  in  184L 


83  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

structure,  a  fine  specimen  of  Gothic  architecture,  with  a  lofty  tower  and  spire,  was 
completed  in  1876.  Adjoining  Christ  Church,  and  in  an  architectural  sense  forming 
part  of  it,  is  another  building,  devoted  to  religious  and  philanthropic  purposes,  called 
Hawkstone  Hall,  after  the  seat  of  Lord  Hill,  the  head  of  Eowland  Hill's  family,  in 
Shropshii-e. 

St.  Thomas's  Chuecii,  in  Westminster  Bridge  Eoad,  was  consecrated  in  1857.  The 
edifice  is  built  of  brick,  from  the  design  of  Mr.  S.  S.  Teulon.  It  is  of  Gothic  architecture, 
and  comprises  a  long  and  broad  nave  and  chancel,  with  side  aisles  of  two  bays  towards  the 
east,  for  galleries.  As  originally  designed,  the  building  was  to  have  exhibited  a  modifica- 
tion of  the  Dominican  church  at  Ghent,  but  the  estimates  having  been  cut  down,  the 
present  appearance  of  the  edifice  was  the  result. 

In  the  narrow  winding  thoroughfare  called  Lambeth  Upper  Marsh,  on  the  left  side 
between  the  Westminster  Bridge  Eoad  and  Stangate  Street,  stands  the  Canterbury  Hall, 
the  first  music-hall  established  in  the  metropolis,  which  was  opened  by  Mr.  Charles 
Morton  in  1849. 

Close  by  the  Canterbui-y  Hall,  near  the  corner  of  Stangate  Street,  is  the  Bower 
Saloon,  a  minor  place  of  amusement,  having  a  theatre  and  music-room  attached. 

The  Manor  of  Faukes-hall  or  Vaux-hall. — This  manor  belonged,  in  the  reign  of 
King  John,  to  Baldwin  de  Eipariis,  or  Eedvers  (called  also  De  Insula,  from  his  possession 
of  the  Isle  of  Wight),  son  and  heir  of  William,  sixth  Earl  of  Devon,  who,  dying  before  his 
father,  left  by  his  wife  Margaret,  daughter  and  heiress  of  Warino  Fitz-gerald,  a  son  named 
also  Baldwin.  Margaret,  on  whom  this  manor  had  been  settled  as  part  of  her  dower,  was 
re-married  to  Fulke  de  Breant  thi-ough  the  favour  of  the  King,  under  whom  he  acted  as 
one  of  the  most  active  and  unscrupulous  instruments  of  oppression.  In  the  reign  of 
Henry  III.  he  was  deprived  of  his  estates  and  banished  the  kingdom  for  the  commission 
of  an  open  and  daring  outrage.  His  wife  endeavoured  to  obtain  a  divorce,  but  at  length 
his  death  set  her  at  liberty,  and  she  took  for  her  third  husband  Eobert  de  Aguillon,  lord 
of  the  manor  of  Addington,  whom  she  also  survived.  She  died  in  1292,  and,  from  au 
inquisition  then  taken,  it  appears  that  she  held  in  dower,  inter  alia^  a  messuage  and  garden 
at  Faukes-hall,  value  2s.  a  year ;  80  acres  of  arable  land,  at  4d.  an  acre ;  19  of  meadow  at 
3s. ;  rents  of  assize  of  customary  tenants,  £14  10s.  Ofd. ;  and  pleas  and  perquisites  of  court, 
6s.  8d. :  total,  £21  14s.  6.fd. 

Her  son  and  grandson  having  both  died  before  her,  the  estates  of  her  family  devolved 
on  her  grand-daughter  Isabella,  married  to  William  de  Fortibus,  Earl  of  Albemarle. 
This  Isabella  had  an  only  sm-viving  daughter,  Aveline,  who  in  1269  became  the  wife  of 


LAMBETH.  89 

Edmimd  Crouchback,  Earl  of  Lancaster,  the  sccoud  sou  of  Henry  III.*  After  her  decease 
witliout  issue,  Edward  I.  entered  into  a  treaty  with,  the  okl  Countess  IsaLelhi,  when  on 
her  death-bed  in  1293,  for  the  purchase  of  her  estates,  comprising  tlio  Isle  of  "Wight,  the 
manor  of  Chi-istchurch,  Hants,  and  the  manors  of  "  Lambyth  and  Eauhcshall,"  all  of  Avhieh 
were  eventually  surrendered  to  him  for  the  sum  of  20,000  marks.  This  manor  having 
thus  become  vested  in  the  Crown,  Edward  II.  granted  it,  together  with  Ivenningtou,  to 
Eoger  D'Amoric  and  his  wife  Elizabeth,  coheiress  of  Gilbert  dc  Clare,  Earl  of  Gloucester, 
and  his  heirs.  But  as  D'Amoric  joined  in  the  insuiTCction  against  the  King,  under 
Thomas,  Earl  of  Lancaster,  in  1321,  on  its  suppression  he  was  attainted,  and  his  estates 
confiscated;  but  the  latter  appear  to  have  been  restored  to  his  widow,  who  in  11 
Edward  III.  obtained  a  grant  of  the  manors  of  Ilketeshall  and  Clopliam  in  Suffolk,  by 
■way  of  exchange  for  Vauxhall  and  Kenningtou.  The  King  in  the  same  year  granted  the 
manor  of  Vauxhall  to  his  eldest  son,  Edward  the  Black  Prince,  who  in  1351  gave  it  to 
the  monks  of  Canterbury,  with  a  tenement  at  Lambeth,  for  the  support  of  a  chantry  in 
their  cathedral.  On  the  dissolution  of  the  convent  this  manor  reverted  to  the  Crown  ;  and 
in  1542  Henry  VIII.  settled  it,  together  with  Walworth,  as  a  portion  of  the  endowments 
of  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Canterbury,  to  whom  it  has  ever  since  belonged.  The  site  of 
the  manor-house  (long  since  pulled  down),  with  adjacent  groimds,  was  formerly  demised 
by  two  leases,  one  under  the  title  of  the  "  Manor,"  and  the  other  of  "  Fauxhall  Wharf;  " 
but  a  considerable  part  of  the  freehold  was  afterwards  sold  by  the  Dean  and  Chapter  to 
redeem  the  land  tax. 

Vauxhall  Gardens. — An  estate  consisting  of  several  copyhold  tenements  in  the 
manors  of  Lambeth  and  Kennington  belonged  to  a  family  named  Fauxe,  or  Vaux,  in  the 
reigns  of  Elizabeth  and  James  I.  In  1C15  Jane  Vaux,  widow,  held  property  of  that 
description  here,  and  the  mansion-house  connected  with  it,  a?  appears  from  Lysons,  was 
called  Stocdens.  Mr.  Nichols,  in  his  "History  of  Lambeth  Parish,"  has  mistakenly 
affirmed  that  Guy  Vaux  had  a  capital  mansion  here,  and  that  it  had  the  name  of  Vaux 
Hall  from  him.  He  also  says,  in  speaking  of  Jane  Vaux,  "  it  is  highly  probable  that  she 
was  the  relict  of  the  infamous  Guy,  who  was  executed  in  IGOG  ;  "  but,  as  Mr.  Bray 
remarks,  Guy  Vaux  could  not  have  been  the  owner  of  the  copyhold  belonging  to  Jane 
Vaux  in  1615,  for  if  she  had  been  his  widow  it  Avould  have  been  forfeited  as  the  estate 
of  a  traitor.     There  is  not,  however,  the  least  credible  ground  for  supposing  that  cither 

*  Aveline  and  Crouchback  were  botli  interred  in  'WcstmLnster  Abbey,  where  pplcndid  monuineiita  (now  nmoli 
deteriorated  by  time  and  wilful  mischief)  were  erected  to  their  memory,  correct  viev.'s  of  wliicli  have  been  given  in 
Brayley  and  Neale's  Illustrations  of  that  edifice,  vol.  ii. 

VOL.    III.  N 


go  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

tlie  estate  or  the  lady  ever  pertained  to  that  notorious  personage.*  She  was,  in  fact,  the 
widow  of  John  Yaux,  a  citizen  and  vintner  of  London,  who  by  his  will  made  in  1612 
devised  property  for  the  erection  of  seven  almshouses  in  this  parish.  Jane  Vaux  died  in 
1615,  leaving  two  daughters  her  coheiresses,  one  of  whom  was  then  the  widow  of 
Dr.  William  Barlow,  Bishop  of  Lincoln. 

At  what  time  these  premises  were  first  opened  as  a  place  of  public  recreation  is 
uncertain ;  but  a  patent  is  extant  by  which  Simon  Osbaldeston  was  appointed  Keeper  of 
the  King's  garden,  called  Spring  Garden,  and  of  the  bowling-green  there,  in  1631.  It 
would  seem  from  that  document  that  the  garden  had  been  made  by  the  King's  command, 
but  its  situation  is  not  mentioned,  and  both  garden  and  bowling-green  were  "  put  down  " 
in  1634,  from  having  '•  grown  scandalous  and  iutollerable."  f  Shortly  after  a  new 
Spring  Garden  was  formed  near  the  Mouse  at  Charing  Cross,  where  a  "fair  house  was 
built,  and  two  bowling-greens  made  to  entertain  gamesters  and  bowlers  at  an  excessive 
rate."  % 

■""  In  an  examination  on  the  7tli  of  November,  1605,  in  which  for  the  first  time  he  gave  his  real  name,  Guide  or 
Guy  Fawke?,  he  stated  that  he  "  was  bom  in  the  city  of  York,  and  that  his  father's  name  was  Edward  Fawkes,  a  gentle- 
man, a  younger  brother,  who  died  about  thirty  years  before,  and  left  to  him  but  small  living,  which  he  spent."  The 
correctness  of  this  is  verified  by  the  following  entry  in  the  Register  of  St.  Olave's,  in  Marygate,  at  York : — "  Mr.  Edward 
Fawkes,  Eegistrar  and  Advocate  of  the  Consistory  Court  of  the  Cathedral  Church  of  York,  about  forty-six  years  of  age, 
buried  in  the  Cathedral  Church,  January  17th,  1578."     (See  Jardine's  "  Criminal  Trials,"  vol.  ii.  p.  31.) 

The  house  in  which  the  consph-ators  stored  their  powder  and  other  combustibles  during  the  digging  of  the  mine 
was  certaiirly  at  Lambeth,  and  near  the  riverside ;  but  that  house  did  not  belong  to  any  of  them,  it  being  merely  hired 
for  their  purpose  in  the  summer  of  1604.  Robert  Keyes,  to  whose  keeping  it  was  intrusted,  was  h.inged  and  quai'tered  in 
Old  Palace  Yard,  together  with  Fawkes,  Eookwood,  and  Winter  the  younger,  on  the  31st  of  January,  1606. 

It  is  remarkable  that  neither  liistory  nor  tradition  has  recorded  the  exact  site  of  the  conspirators'  storehonse.  Mr. 
Nichols,  indeed  (writing  ui  the  last  century),  assigned  it  to  "  that  place  now  called  Marble-hall  and  Cumberland  tea- 
gardens,"  which  at  the  present  time  forms  a  part  of  the  waterside  premises  connected  with  the  station  of  the  South- 
Western  Railway  Company  at  Nine  Ebns.  But  this  was  a  mere  inference,  drawn  from  a  svuwey  of  the  manor  of 
Kennington  made  in  January,  1715,  iu  which  a  "capital  tenement  called  FausehaU"  is  marked  as  standing  in  the 
situation  above  specified.  That  building  was  doubtless  the  old  manor-house  of  Vauxhall,  which  our  author  erroneously 
conceived  to  have  belonged  to  Guy  Fawkes,  though  thcio  is  not  the  least  conciurent  authority  to  corroborate  such 
opinion. 

But  if  unacquainted  with  the  spot  whereon  the  building  stood,  we  have  the  following  evidence  of  its  destruction  by 
fire.  In  an  anniversary  sermon  preached  at  Lambeth  Church  by  Dr.  Featloy  on  November  5th,  1635,  is  this  passage : — 
"  You  have  heard  the  miracles  of  God's  providence  in  the  discovery  of  this  powder  plot :  behold  now  the  mirrour  of  his 
justice.  The  first  contriver  of  tlie  flre-workes  first  feeleth  the  flame ;  his  powder  sin  upbraids  him,  and  fleeth  in  his  face." 
It  is  added  in  a  note,  "  This  last  yeare,  the  house  where  Catesby  plotted  this  treason  in  Lambeth  was  casually  burnt  do\viie 
to  the  ground  by  powder."— Featley's  Ckivis  Mystira,  p.  824,  4to,  1636. 

+  "  Stafford  Papers,"  vol.  i.  p.  262.  '■  There  was  kept  in  it  an  ordinary  of  6s.  a  meal  (when  the  king's  proclamation 
allows  but  two  elsewhere),  continued  bibbing  and  drinking  wine  all  day  under  the  trees,  and  two  or  three  quarrels  every 
week ; — besides,  my  Lord  Digby  being  reprehended  for  striking  in  the  king's  garden,  he  .said,  he  took  it  for  a  common 
bowling  place,  where  all  paid  money  for  their  coming  in." 

t  Id.  p.  435.  In  Evelyn's  "  Diary  "  is  the  follo^\-ing  passage,  which  is  remarkably  corroborative  of  the  above  allusion 
in  the  "  Stafford  Papers : " — "  My  Lady  Gerrard  treated  us  at  Mulberry  Garden,  now  y«  onely  place  of  refreslunent  about 
the  to\vne  for  per.^ons  of  y°  best  equality  to  be  exceedingly  cheated  at;  CromweU  and  his  partizans  having  shut  up  and  seiz'd 
on  Spring  Garden,  w'''  tUl  now  had  ben  y«  usual  rendezvous  for  the  ladys  and  gallants  at  this  season."  (Vol.  i.  p.  274,  under 
the  date  May  10th,  1654.) 


The  earliest  notice,  perhaps,  that  can  bo  specifically  assigned  to  Yaiixhall  Gardens  is 
"by  Evelyn,  who  -writes  in  his  "  Diary  "  (2nd  July,  1661),  ''  I  went  to  sec  the  New  Spring 
Garden  at  Lambeth,  a  pretty  contriv'd  plantation."  "With  this  agrees  the  mention  of  "  les 
Jardins  du  Prin-temps"  at  Lambeth  by  Baltshasar  Monconys  (in  liis  "Voyage  d'Anglctcrrc"), 
a  French  traveller,  who  visited  this  country  early  in  the  reign  of  Charles  II.,  but  who 
seems  to  have  misunderstood  the  name,  which  has  nothing  to  do  with  "le  printemps," 
but  refers  to  artificial  jets  of  water.  He  speaks  of  them  as  being  much  frequented  in 
1663,  and  "having  grass  and  sand  walks  dividing  squares  of  20  or  30  yards,  inclosed  with 
hedges  of  gooseberries,  within  which  were  roses,  beans,  and  asparagus."  Aubrey,  who  in 
one  or  two  instances  has  been  falsely  quoted  in  respect  to  this  place,  states  that  Sir 
Samuel  Morland  "  built  a  fine  Eoom  at  Vaux-hall,  anno  1667,  the  inside  all  of  Looking- 
glass,  and  Fountains  very  pleasant  to  behold,  which  is  much  visited  by  Strangers  ;  it 
stands  in  the  middle  of  the  Garden."  He  next  mentions  the  house  of  the  Tradescauts 
at  South  Lambeth,  and  then  says,  "Without  the  new  Spring-Garden  is  the  remainder 
of  a  kind  of  Horn-work,  belonging  to  the  lines  of  communication  made  about  1643-4."  * 

Lysons  (citing  an  em'olment  in  the  Duchy  of  Cornwall  Ofliee)  informs  us  that  Sir 
Samuel  Morland  in  1675  "  obtained  a  lease  of  Vauxhall-house,  made  it  his  residence,  and 
considerably  improved  the  premises  ;  "  but  he  imagined  that  this  lease  referred  to  the 
ancient  Copt  Hall,  and  regarded  it  as  questionable  whether  Morland  ever  owned  any  part 
of  the  Vauxhall  Gardens.  Mr.  Bray,  however,  after  observing  that  Sh-  Samuel  may  have 
derived  the  lease  of  his  premises  from  the  heirs  of  Jane  Vaux,  states,  from  the  information 
furnished  by  Mr.  Barrett,  one  of  the  proprietors  of  Vauxhall  in  1813,  a  circumstance 
which  proves  that  the  dwelling  then  connected  with  the  garden  must  have  been  that 
belonging  to  Sir  S.  Morland.  From  the  back  kitchen  of  the  house  a  lead  pump  was 
removed  about  1794,  bearing  Sir  Samuel's  mark,  as  shown  in  the  margin.f 
The  room  mentioned  by  Aubrey  as  having  been  erected  by  him  is  believed  to 


1     S 
9    51 


have  stood  where  the  orchestra  was  afterwards  built ;  and  Mr.  Bray  adverts  to  the  proba- 
bility of  its  having  been  erected  by  Morland  for  the  entertainment  of  Charles  II.  when  he 
visited  this  place  with  his  ladies. 

"Whatever  be  the  fact  respecting  ownership,  it  is  certain  that  those  Gardens  were 

*  "Surrey,"  vol.  i.  pp.  12,  13.  In  the  plan  showing  the  situation  of  the  forts  on  the  lines  of  crjnununication 
surrounding  the  city  and  suburhs,  engraved  by  Vertue  for  ilaitland's  "  London,"  the  Vauxhall  defence  is  described  as  "  a 
Quadrant  Fort,  with  four  half-bulwarks."  Its  situation  is  immediately  adjacent  to  the  site  lately  occupied  by  Vauxhall 
Gardens,  and  may  therefore  be  regarded  as  sufficiently  identifying  the  latter  with  Aubrey's  Spring  Garden. 

+  It  is  difficult  to  reconcile  the  date  1694,  here  given  as  that  upon  the  pump,  with  the  latter  circumstances  of  Sir 
Samuel's  life,  as  he  purchased  a  house  near  the  waterside,  at  Hammersmith,  about  1684,  and  continued  to  reside  there 
until  his  decease  in  1696. 

N  2 


52  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

called  Spring  Garden  for  a  long  period.  In  a  plan  (seen  by  Mr.  Bray)  dated  1G81  they 
are  so  named,  and  "  marked  as  planted  with  trees,  and  laid  out  in  walks  ;  "  and  Addison, 
in  his  imaginary  visit  to  "  Spring  Garden,"  Yauxhall,  with  Sir  Eoger  de  Coverley,  in 
May,  1712,  affords  some  insight  into  the  customs  and  character  of  tlie  place  at  that  time.* 
The  license  every  season  was,  down  to  the  breaking  iip  of  the  Gardens  a  few  years  ago, 
obtained  by  the  title  of  the  "  Spring  Garden,  Vauxhall." 

On  the  17th  of  March,  1728,  a  lease  was  granted  by  Elizabeth  Masters,  of  London,  to 
Jonathan  Tyers,  of  Surrey,  for  the  term  of  thirty  years,  of  "  all  that  parcel  of  ground 
called  Vauxhall,  or  Spring  Gardens,"  at  the  yearly  rent  of  £250.  The  enterprise  of  the 
lessee  effected  many  improvements,  and  on  the  7th  of  Juno,  1732,  he  opened  the  season 
with  a  Ridotto  aV  Fresco,  a  phrase  until  then  unknown  here,  and  more  suitable  to  the 
warmer  skies  of  Italy  than  to  this  country.  Instrumental  music  and  a  masquerade  were 
included  in  the  amusements,  and  among  the  visitors  were  Frederick,  Prince  of  "Wales,  the 
Earl  of  Scarborough,  the  Lord  Gage,  and  other  attendant  nobles.  On  this  occasion  about 
four  hundred  persons  were  present,  one-third  of  whom  were  "  without  Masks,  the  rest  were 
generally  in  Dominoes  and  Lawyers'  Gowns. "f  The  admission  tickets  were  a  guinea  each, 
and  a  guard  of  soldiers  was  posted  about  the  place  to  prevent  disturbance. 

The  Eidotto  was  several  times  repeated  in  the  course  of  the  summer,  and  with  so  much 
success  that  the  proprietor  was  induced  "  to  make  his  garden  a  place  of  musical  entertain- 
ment for  every  evening  during  the  summer  season :  to  this  end  he  was  at  a  great  expense 
in  decorating  the  gardens  with  paintings  ;  he  engaged  a  band  of  excellent  musicians  ;  he 
issued  silver  tickets  of  admission  at  a  guinea  each,  and,  receiving  great  encoiu'agement,  he 
set  up  an  organ  in  the  orchestra,  and  in  a  conspicuou.s  part  of  the  garden  erected  a  fine 
statue  of  Mr.  Handel,  the  work  of  Eoubiliac."  % 

From  Dr.  Burney  we  learn  that  Mr.  Tyers,  in  the  summer  of  1745,  added  vocal  to  his 
instrumental  performances,  on  which  occasion  the  orchestra  was  enlarged,  and  Mrs.  Arue, 

*  Fpedator,  No.  383.  This  paper  is  headeti  witli  the  motto,  "  Criminibus  debent  Hortos,"  from  Juvenal — "  A 
beatiteous  garden,  but  by  Vice  maintain'd ;"  and  its  description  ia  accordant  with  tlie  motto,  viz.  "  Wlien  I  con- 
sidered the  fragrancy  of  the  walks  and  bowers,  with  the  choirs  of  birds  that  sunjj  upon  the  trees,  and  the  loose  tribe  of 
people  that  walked  under  their  shades,  I  could  not  but  look  upon  the  place  as  a  kind  of  Mahometan  Paradise." 

t  Gentleman's  Magazine,  vol.  ii.  p.  823.  The  admission  ticket  was  designed  by  the  younger  Laguerre,  and  has  been 
copied  in  Nichols's  "  Lambeth,"  as  have  likewise  nine  smaller  admission  tickets  of  silver,  which  were  subsequently  issued 
to  annual  subscribers  to  the  Gardens. 

t  Hawkins,  "  History  of  Music,"  vol.  v.  p.  362.  Handel  was  represented  as  Orpheus  playing  on  his  lyre :  the  likeness 
was  exact.  It  was  placed  in  the  grounds  in  1738.  The  idea  of  embellishing  the  Gardens  with  paintings  was  suggested  to 
Mr.  Tyers  by  Hogarth  (who  had  summer  lodgings  at  South  Lambeth),  and  some  of  them  were  executed  by  Hayman  from 
Ids  designs.  In  return  for  liis  advice  and  assistance,  the  grateful  proprietor  presented  Hogarth  with  a  gold  ticket  of 
admission  for  himself  and  his  friends,  "  in  perpetuam  beneficii  memoriam."  Nearly  all  the  paintings  which  formerly 
ornamented  the  pavilions  were  by  Hayman. 


LAMBETH.  gj 

who  before  her  marriage  had  studied  under  Gemiuiaui,  being  engaged  as  prineipal 
singer,  her  husband,  afterwards  Dr.  Ai'ue,  began  to  compose  for  the  entertainments.  His 
ballads,  duets,  and  other  pieces,  sung  at  Vauxhall  in  different  seasons,  obtained  great 
applause,  and  by  their  circulation  over  the  kingdom  had  considerable  influence  in  forming 
the  public  taste  for  vocal  mclod}-.  The  IMessrs.  Lowe  and  the  elder  Eeiuhold  were  also 
engaged  to  sing,  and  Wornam  was  employed  as  organist.  Ilere  the  latter  first  exercised 
his  genius  in  composition,  and  the  numerous  songs  and  concertos  which  he  produced 
diversified  the  amusements.* 

In  1752  Mr.  Tyers  purchased  one  moiety  of  this  estate  from  George  Doddington,  Esq., 
for  £3,800  ;  and  a  few  years  afterwards,  as  Lysons  informs  us  from  records  in  the  Duchy 
of  Cornwall  Office,  "he  bought  the  remainder."t  This,  most  probably,  was  at  the 
expiration  of  his  original  lease  in  1758.  He  died  in  1767,  and  Mr.  Dray  says  "  so  great 
was  the  delight  he  took  in  this  place,  that,  possessing  his  faculties  to'thc  last,  he  caused 
himself  to  be  carried  into  the  gardens  a  few  hours  before  his  death,  to  take  a  last  look  at 
them."  X  lie  had  devised  this  property  equally  among  his  four  children,  Thomas,  Jonathan, 
Margaret,  and  Elizabeth ;  and  Jonathan,  the  jouugest  son,  conducted  tlic  Gardens  until  his 
own  decease  in  1792.  The  management  then  devolved  on  Mr.  Di'yant  Darrett,  an  affluent 
wax-chandler,  who  had  become  part  OAvner  by  his  marriage  with  the  only  daughter  and 
child  of  the  late  Mr.  Tyers,  and  who  subsequently  purchased  the  other  share. §  lie 
died  in  1809,  having  bequeathed  this  estate  to  his  two  sons,  George  Eogors  Darrett,  Esq., 
and  the  Eca'.  Jonathan  Tyers  Darrett,  D.D.,  Prebendary  of  St.  Paul's,  by  the  first  of 
whom  the  entertainments  were  carried  on  till  the  property  was  disposed  of  by  auction 
in  1821. 

The  pm-chasers  were  Thomas  Dish  (the  well-known  lottery  contractor),  Frederick  Gye, 
and  Eichard  Hughes,  who  reopened  the  place  in  1822,  under  the  King's  patronage,  as  the 
Eoyal  Gardens.  Mr.  Dish  shortly  retired,  but  Messrs.  Gye  and  Hughes  continued  to 
conduct  it,  with  more  or  less  success,  and  with  a  great  variation  in  the  amusements, 
until  the  summer  of  1810,  when  a  fiat  of  banki'uptcy  was  issued  against  them.  At  that 
time  there  were  encumbrances  on  the  property  to  the  amount  of  £23,000,  including  several 
mortgages.  The  Court  of  Eeview  dii-ected  a  public  sale,  which  nomiually  took  place  at 
Garraway's  in  1811,  the  estate  and  all  its  direct  appurtenances,  as  buildings,  timber, 
covered  walks,  &c.,  being  comprised  in  a  single  lot.  It  was  stated  that  the  laud,  about 
11  acres,  was  held  under  the  Queen,  as  lady  of  the  manor  of  Kennington  in  right  of  her 

*  Bumey,  "  History  of  JIusic,"  vol.  iv.  pp.  667,  668.  +  Lysons,  "  Environs,"  vol.  i.  p.  .3il. 

X  Manning  and  Bray,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  iiL  p.  492.  §  U. 


94  HISTORV  OF  SURREY. 

(lucliy  of  Cornwall,  and  that  it  was  subject  only  to  an  annual  quit-rent  of  £1  3s.  7d.,  and  not 
more  than  5s.  a  year  for  tithe.  The  highest  bidding  was  £20,200,  at  which  sum  this  property 
appears  to  have  been  bought  in,  the  estate  being  still  in  the  possession  of  the  assignees.* 
It  was  afterwards  rented  by  different  parties,  and  the  amusements  greatly  varied. 

Besides  the  eminent  composers  and  vocalists  mentioned  above,  many  others  might  be 
named  of  high  celebrity,  who  acquired  no  inconsiderable  portion  of  their  rising  fame  in 
these  Gardens.  Of  the  former  class  were  Boyce,  Carter,  Mountain,  Hook  (organist  here 
upwards  of  forty  years),  and  Signer  Storace  :  among  the  latter,  of  male  singers,  were 
Webb,  Vernon,  Incledon,  Braham,  Pyne,  Sinclair,  Tinney,  and  Bedford ;  and  of  females, 
Miss  Brent  (afterwards  Mrs.  Pinto),  the  much-lamented  Mrs.  "Wrighteu  (drowned  at  sea), 
Mrs.  Kennedy,  Mrs.  Weichsel  (the  mother  of  Mrs.  Billington),  Miss  Leary,  Mrs.  Martyr, 
Mrs.  Mountain,  Signora  Storace,  Mrs.  Crouch,  Mrs.  Bland,  Miss  Tyrer  (afterwards  Mrs. 
Listen),  Miss  Graddon  (afterwards  Mrs.  Gibbs),  Miss  Pool,  Miss  Travers,  and  Miss  Love. 

One  of  the  earliest  representations  of  Vauxhall  is  attached  to  a  quarto  tract  entitled 
"A  Trip  to  Yauxhall,"  dated  in  1737.  It  is  a  curious  print,  of  a  bird's-eye  character, 
exhibiting  the  seats  and  supper-tables  in  the  quadrangle  surrounding  the  orchestra, 
together  with  a  perspective  of  the  long  walk,  and  an  Herculean  statue  at  its  extremity. 
About  sixty  visitors  of  both  sexes  are  scattered  around,  and  in  front  of  the  orchestral 
band  is  a  prominent  figure  wearing  a  cocked  hat  and  playing  the  trumpet.  This  possibly 
was  intended  for  the  celebrated  ^'alentine  Snow  (afterwards  sergeant  trumpeter),  of  whom 
Dr.  Burney  says  he  was  "justly  a  favourite  here,  where  his  silver  sounds  in  the  open  air, 
by  having  room  to  expand,  never  arrived  at  the  ears  of  the  audience  in  a  manner  too 
powerful  or  piercing." 

The  principal  buildings  in  these  Gardens  were  the  orchestra,  the  Prince's  pavilion  (so 
called  from  its  having  been  originally  built  for  the  accommodation  of  Frederick,  Prince 
of  Wales,  son  of  George  II.),  the  rotunda  and  its  several  appendages,  a  saloon  or  supper- 
room,  two  octagon  temples,  a  theatre,  and  a  high  firework  tower.  The  orchestra  was  a 
handsome  structure  of  wood,  surmounted  by  a  dome,  and  variously  embellished  by  painting 
and  characteristic  plastic  ornaments.  It  stood  near  the  middle  of  an  oblong  quadrangle 
called  the  Grove,  and  was  surrounded  by  broad  covered  walks,  from  the  roofing  of  which 
tiers  of  coloured  illumination  lamps  were  suspended.  At  the  head  of  the  quadrangle, 
westward,  was  the  pavilion,  of  the  composite  order,  and  entered  by  a  flight  of  steps  at  each 
end.     The  interior  was  splendidly  fitted  up.     The  rotunda,  70  feet  in  diameter,  had  a 

*  The  assignees  were  Thos.  M.  Alsager  and  George  Balne,  Esq?.,  of  whom  the  former,  being  the  official  assignee, 
committed  suicide,  from  some  unknown  cause,  in  1846. 


LAMBETH.  95 

considerable  part  of  its  area  cucloscd  as  a  rido  for  equestrian  performances,  and  at  the 
upper  end  was  a  small  stage  for  fantoccini  and  other  exhibitions  of  a  minor  description.* 
Opposite  the  stage  was  a  spacious  gallery,  and  on  each  side  of  the  circle  a  range  ("f  boxes ; 
but  access  to  these  required  an  additional  payment.  The  supper-room  was  a  noble  apart- 
ment, illumined  by  handsome  chandeliers  of  diversely  coloured  lamps.  In  the  theatre 
(which  occupied  a  distinct  site  at  some  distance  northward  of  the  quadrangle)  a  curious 
piece  of  machinery,  representing  a  landscape  with  a  miller's  house,  a  water-mill,  cascade, 
and  moving  figures,  was  exhibited  dm-ing  many  years;  but  latterly  this  place  was 
appropriated  for  ballets,  rope-dancing,  short  dramatic  pieces,  juggling,  hydraulic  experi- 
ments, and  other  amusements.  In  diflferent  parts  of  the  grounds  cosmoramic  and 
perspective  views  were  shown,  which  were  frequently  changed  in  accordance  with  the 
subjects  most  engaging  the  attention  of  the  public.  In  the  Italian  walk  A'arious  statuary 
casts  were  placed ;  in  another  part  was  a  figure  of  Eve  at  the  Fountain ;  and  at  the 
termination  of  the  principal  walk  was  Neptune  in  his  car  drawn  by  sea-horses,  with  jets 
of  water  issuing  from  theu-  nostrils. 

The  illuminations  and  fireworks  displayed  in  these  Gardens  were  highly  attractive,  and 
almost  realised  the  radiant  descriptions  of  Eastern  tales.  On  gala  and  other  particular 
nights  more  than  20,000  lamps  have  been  used  to  give  effect  to  the  devices  and  increase 
the  general  brilliancy,  whilst  superadded  fireworks  have  shed  new  splendour  on  the 
darkening  shades  of  the  midnight  hour.  Here  the  celebrated  Madame  Saqui  has  descended 
from  a  great  height,  along  a  rope  several  hundred  feet  in  length,  amidst  a  fiery  shower ; 
and  others  equally  adventurous  have  followed  her  example. 

Numerous  balloon  ascents  have  taken  place  from  these  grounds,  of  which  the  first,  in 
point  of  time,  was  that  of  Madame  and  Mens.  Garnerin  and  Mr.  Glassford  in  ].802. 
When  at  a  considerable  elevation  a  cat  suspended  to  a  small  parachute  was  di-opped  from 
the  car,  and  reached  the  ground  in  perfect  safety.  In  1802  M.  Garnerin  himself  descended 
safely  from  a  vast  height  in  a  cylindrical  basket  attached  to  a  parachute. 

The  Eritish  aeronaut,  tlie  elder  Mr.  Green,  frequently  ascended  hence,  and  particu- 
larly during  the  summer  of  1836,  when  the  magnificent  machine  theu  called  the  Eoyal 
Vauxhall  Balloon  was  fii'st  used.-f  On  its  first  trial  nine  persons  ascended  with  him. 
They  alighted  without  accident  near  Clifl:V,  below  Gravesend. 

*  Here,  many  years  ago,  was  iiitroiluccd,  by  the  appellation  "  L'Attelicr  de  Canova,"  one  of  the  earliest  statuary 
representations  by  li\dng  actors,  afterwards  knowar  under  the  name  of  tahleaux  vivants,  &c.,  to  the  destruction  of  youthful 
morality,  and  utter  shame  of  the  local  authorities  who  permitted  theii'  exhibition. 

t  This  stupendous  globe,  when  fully  inflated,  was  80  feet  in  height,  and  159  feet  in  circumference.  It  contained 
about  70,000  cubic  feet  of  gas,  and  was  composed  of  2,000  yards  of  silk,  crimson  and  white,  woven  in  a  peculiar  manner, 
and  of  a  very  thick  fabric.     The  gores  were  additionally  strengthened  by  an  elastic  cement  of  peculiar  tenacity. 


96 


HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 


But  a  still  more  estraordinary  aerial  voyage  was  accomplisliecl  witli  this  balloon  in  the 
following  November,  when  Messrs.  Green,  Monck  Mason,  and  Holland  were  carried  from 
Vauxhall  to  Weilburg,  in  the  duchy  of  Nassau,  a  distance  of  nearly  350  miles  in  a  straight 
line,  in  about  eighteen  hours.  They  ascended  at  1.30  in  the  afternoon,  reached  Dover- in 
three  hours  and  eighteen  minutes,  crossed  the  Channel  in  one  hour  and  two  minutes,  passed 
Namui-  at  11.30  at  night,  crossed  the  Ehine  to  the  north  of  Coblentz  about  six  o'clock  the 
next  morning,  and  descended  near  Weilburg  at  7.30,  every  assistance  being  afforded 
them  in  landing,  amidst  the  acclamations  of  wondering  thousands.  In  acknowledgment 
of  this  kindness,  and  of  the  hospitable  reception  our  travellers  met  with  from  the  Duke 
of  Nassau,  the  name  of  their  vehicle  was  changed  to  that  of  the  Nassau  Balloon,  by  which 
it  was  distinguished  in  all  its  subseq[uent  flights.  On  the  above  occasions  both  the 
Gardens  and  the  neighbourhood  were  crowded  by  dense  masses  of  people  to  an  extent 
almost  unparalleled. 

In  1859  a  vast  concourse  of  people  were  attracted  to  the  Gardens  by  the  announce- 
ment that  the  well-known  theatre,  orchestra,  dancing-platform,  firework  gallery,  &c., 
would  be  sold  by  auction.  The  temple,  orchestra,  pictures,  and  statues  fetched  ridicu- 
lously small  prices,  and  the  Gardens  ceased  to  exist.  Their  site  was  soon  covered  by 
streets  of  small  houses.  Shortly  afterwards  the  Prince  of  Wales  went  to  Vauxhall,  but  it 
was  to  lay  the  foundation  stone  of  the  present  Lambetli  School  of  Art.  This  school  was 
originally  established  in  1854  by  the  Eev.  William  Gregory,  then  Yicar  of  St.  Mary's, 
Lambeth,  as  a  branch  of  the  Central  School  of  Design  at  Marlborough  House,  This  was 
really  the  first  art  school  of  design  in  the  kingdom,  as  indeed  it  should  be.  The  Lambeth 
school  went  on  steadily  increasing  until  1860,  when,  as  above  mentioned,  the  Prince  of 
Wales  laid  the  foundation  stone  of  the  new  building. 

Vauxhall  Bi!IDGE. — This  is  an  iron  bridge,  and  was  the  first  constructed  of  that 
material  in  or  near  the  metropolis.  It  was  originally  styled  "  Eegent  Bridge,"  the  first 
stone  having  been  laid  by  Lord  Dundas  as  proxy  for  the  Prince  Eegent,  afterwards 
George  IV.,  in  1811,  and  it  was  opened  in  1816.  There  are  nine  arches,  each  78  feet  in 
span  and  29  feet  in  height,  springing  from  stone  piers,  rusticated,  and  partly  composed 
of  rude  fragments  united  by  Parker's  cement.  The  roadway  is  36  feet  in  breadth,  and  the 
whole  length  of  the  bridge  809  feet. 

This  bridge  was  built  at  the  expense  of  a  body  of  shareholders,  specnlatir.g  on  the 
profits  which  might  arise  from  the  tolls.  The  outlay  was  about  £300,000.  Mr.  Eal^jh 
Dodd  was  the  original  projector  of  Vauxhall  Bridge,  and  for  a  slaort  time  employed  by  the 
managers  of  the  undertaking   as   their  architect,   as  were  also  in  succession  Sir  James 


LAMBETH. 


97 


Bcntliam  aud  Mr.  John  Eonuic ;  but  tlio  design  as  ^vell  as  the  execution  of  the  work  was 
ultimately  intrusted  to  Mr.  James  Walker.  This  structure  forms  a  most  convenient 
thoroughfore  for  the  extensive  and  rapidly  increasing  neighbourhoods  of  Pimlico  and 
Chelsea. 

The  Maxor  of  Kenningtox. — -This  manor  belonged  to  the  Crown  in  the  Saxon  times, 
and  its  name  Chcnintiinc,  as  it  is  spelt  in  the  Doomsday  Book,  would  seem  to  be  derived 
from  Kyninje  and  can  ;  that  is,  the  i^Iacc  or  town  of  the  hinrj.  It  is  thus  described  in  the 
Norman  record :  — 

"  Theodoric  the  Goldsmith  holds  Chenintune  of  the  King.  lie  held  it  in  person  of 
King  Edward.  It  was  then  assessed  at  5  hides.  It  is  noAV  rated  at  1  hide  aud  3  virgates. 
The  arable  laud  is  2^  carucates.  In  demesne  is  1  carucate ;  and  one  villain,  and  one 
bordar,  with  2  carucates.  There  is  one  bondman,  and  4  acres  of  meadow.  It  was,  and  is, 
worth  £3." 

Eichard  I.  in  1189  granted  to  Su*  Eobert  Percy  the  custody  of  this  manor  for  life,  at 
an  annual  rent  of  20  marks,  and  appointed  him  steward  of  the  lordship,  and  keeper  of 
the  manor-house,  garden,  &c.,  with  wages  of  4d.  a  day  as  keeper,  to  be  deducted  out  of 
the  rent.*  At  Christmas,  1231,  Henry  III.  held  his  court  at  Lambeth  [Kennington], 
when  Hubert  de  Burgh,  Justiciary  of  England,  provided  everything  requisite  for  the  regal 
festival. t  In  the  following  year  (after  Hubert  had  been  removed  ft-om  his  office,  and, 
having  been  charged  with  high  crimes  and  misdemeanours,  was  subjected  to  a  severe 
prosecution)  a  Council  or  Parliament  was  assembled  at  this  place,  at  the  festival  of  the 
Exaltation  of  the  Cross,  at  which  were  present  the  King,  the  bishops,  and  other  dignitaries 
of  the  Church,  and  likewise  the  grandees  \j[)rocercs\  of  the  kingdom.  On  that  occasion 
Hubert  was  summoned  to  attend  the  court,  but  he  refused  to  appear,  and  was  threatened 
with  extreme  vengeance  for  his  contumacy.^  A  grant  of  a  fortieth  part  of  theu-  movables 
was  then  given  to  the  King  by  the  clergy  and  laity,  under  the  authority  of  those  present 
at  the  meeting. 

Grants  of  the  custody  of  this  manor  were  made  to  various  persons  by  Henry  III.  and 
Edward  II.,  the  latter  of  whom,  in  1319,  gave  the  manors  of  Kennington  and  Faukcs- 
haU  to  Eoger  D'Amorie  and  Elizabeth  his  wife,  as  stated  in  our  account  of  Vauxhall.  On 
the  decease  of  the  former  in  1321  his  estates  were  seized  by  the  King,  but  they  were 

*  Bibl.  Harl.  MSS.  No.  433,  f.  G3.  The  "  bam,  witli  otlier  easements  without  the  pale  there,"  is  mentioned  in  the 
grant.  This  was,  doubtless,  the  Long  Barn,  as  subsequently  called,  wliich  was  constructed  of  flint  and  stone,  with  strong 
buttresses,  and  a  very  high  gable  roof  sustained  by  massive  timbers.  After  being  used  both  as  a  granary  and  stable,  it 
became  in  1709  one  of  the  receptacles  for  the  distressed  Protestants  from  the  Palatinate.  Its  length  was  180  feet.  It  was 
pulled  down  in  1795. 

+  Matt.  Paris,  "  Hist.  Angl."  p.  354.  J  U.  p.  364.     (See  account  of  Merton.) 

VOL.    III.  0 


98  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

afterwards  restored  to  his  relict,  wlio  conveyed  tliem  to  Edward  III.  iu  1338,  iu  exchange 
for  other  manors  in  Suffolk,  her  daughter  Elizabeth,  with  her  husband,  John,  Lord 
Bardolf,  joining  in  the  release.  In  the  following  year  the  King  was  at  Kennington  in  the 
months  of  February,  March,  July,  and  October,  as  appears  from  various  documents 
(printed  in  the  "Fosdera"),  Avhich  are  attested  by  his  eldest  son,  the  Black  Prince,  then 
only  ten  years  of  ago.     He  also  kept  his  Christmas  here  in  1342. 

Edward  the  Black  Prince  died  in  1376,  soon  after  which  his  son  Eichard  was  created 
Prince  of  Wales.  In  the  same  year,  on  the  Sunday  before  Candlemas,  the  citizens  of 
London  made  a  Show,  or  Mummery,  "for  disport  of  the  young  Prince,"  Avho  "remained 
at  Kennington  -with  his  mother,  his  uncle  the  Duke  of  Lancaster,  the  Earls  of  Cambridge, 
Hertford,  "Warwick,  and  Suffolk,  and  divers  other  Lords."  *  The  Prince  continued  here 
until  his  accession  to  the  throne  in  the  June  following,  previously  to  which  the  Duke  of 
Lancaster  had  sought  refuge  "with  him  from  a  tumultuary  assemblage  of  the  citizens,  whom 
he  had  exasperated  by  some  discourtesy  towards  the  Bishop  of  London  (William  Courte- 
nay)  during  the  proceedings  at  St.  Paul's  against  Wycliff,  who  had  attended  the  Convo- 
cation under  the  protection  of  the  Duke.  Eventually  the  differences  were  adjusted  by  the 
interference  of  the  youthful  King  and  his  mother,  the  Princess-Dowager  of  Wales. 

Several  of  our  succeeding  kings  resided  occasionally  at  Kennington,  as  appears  both 
from  public  records  and  the  testimony  of  historians ;  but  at  what  time  the  manor-house 
ceased  to  be  occupied  as  a  royal  palace  is  uncertain.  Henry  YII.  was  here  shortly 
previous  to  his  coronation,  and  on  the  eve  of  St.  Simon  and  St.  Jude  "he  came  from 
Kennington  unto  Lambeth,  and  there  dined  with  Thomas  Bonrchier,  archbishoppe  of 
Cantcrburie  : — and  after  dinner  with  a  goodly  companie  of  the  estates  of  this  realm  both 
spirituall  and  temporall,  from  thence  went  by  land  towards  London,  his  nobles  riding  after 

*  Stop's  "  London,"  edit.  1618.  The  Show  was  "  in  this  manner  :  Iu  the  night,  one  hundred  and  thirty- 
Citizens,  disguised  and  well  horsed,  in  a  ^uimncv!),  with  soirnd  of  trumpets,  sackbiits,  cornets,  shalmes,  and  other 
minstrels,  and  innumerable  torch-lights  of  waxe,  rode  from  Newgate  through  Cheaxse  over  the  Bridge  through 
Southwarke,  and  so  to  Kennington  beside  Lambeth  : — In  the  first  rauke  did  ride  48  in  the  likenesse  and  habite  of 
Esq^uires,  two  and  two  rode  together,  cloatlied  in  red  coates  and  gownes  of  Say  or  Sendall,  with  comeley  visors  on  their 
faces.  After  them  came  riding  48  Knights,  in  the  same  livery,  of  colour  and  stuft'e.  Then  followed  one  richly  arraied, 
like  an  Emperor  ;  after  him  some  distance,  one  stately  tyred  like  a  Pope,  who  was  followed  by  24  Cardinals,  and  after 
them  eight  or  ten  with  blacke  \-isors,  not  amiable,  as  if  they  had  bin  Legates  from  some  forraine  Princes.  These 
Maskers,  after  they  had  entred  the  Manner  of  Kennington,  alighted  fro'  their  horses,  and  entred  tlie  hall  on  foote,  which 
done,  the  Prince,  his  Mother,  and  tlie  Lords  came  out  of  the  Chamber  into  the  hall,  whom  the  Mummers  did  salute  ; 
shewing  by  a  paire  of  dice  on  tlie  table,  their  desire  to  play  with  the  Prince,  which  they  so  handled  that  the  Prhice  did 
alwaies  winne  when  he  cast  at  them.  Then  the  Mummers  set  to  the  Prince  three  Jewels,  one  after  another,  wliich  were  a 
Boule  of  gold,  a  Cuppe  of  gold,  and  a  Ring  of  gold,  which  the  Prince  wonne  at  three  casts.  Then  they  set  to  the  Princes 
Mother,  the  Duke,  the  Earles,  and  other  Lords,  to  every  one  a  Ringe  of  gold,  which  they  did  also  winne.  After  which 
they  were  feasted,  and  the  musicke  sounded.  The  Prince  and  Lords  daunced  on  the  one  part  with  the  Mummers,  who 
did  also  daunce  ;  which  ioUty  being  ended,  they  were  againe  made  to  drinke,  and  then  departed  in  order  as  they  came." — 
U.  pp.  148,  149. 


LAMBETH.  gg 

the  guise  of  France  ui^on  small  hackneics,  two  aud  two  upon  a  horse  ;  and  at  London 
Bridge  end  the  Maior  of  London  with  his  brethren  and  the  craftes,  met  aud  received 
the  King,  and  the  King  proceeded  to  Grace-Church  corner,  and  so  to  the  Tower."  * 

Leland  saj^s  that  Katherine  of  Arragon  was  here  for  a  few  days,t  after  which  it  is 
probable  the  palace  fell  to  decay ;  for  Camden,  writing  in  the  latter  years  of  Queen 
Elizabeth's  reign,  says  (though  somewhat  erroneously)  that  "  of  this  retreat  of  our  ancient 
kings,  neither  the  name  nor  ruins  are  now  to  be  found."  J 

James  I.  settled  this  manor  with  other  estates  on  his  eldest  son,  Ilcnry,  Prince  of 
"Wales,  aud  after  his  decease  in  1012  on  Prince  Charles,  afterwards  Charles  I.;  and  they 
have  ever  since  been  held  as  part  of  the  estate  of  the  Princes  of  Wales,  as  Dukes  of 
Cornwall. § 

In  1617  Prince  Charles  granted  a  lease  of  the  manor  of  Kcnnington,  comprising  122 
acres,  to  Sir  IToel  Carou,  Knt.,  for  twenty-one  years,  at  a  yearly  rent  of  £10  10s.  9d. ; 
but  he  retained  the  site  of  the  palace  aud  its  garden,  occupying  10  acres  of  ground,  in  his 
own  possession  till  he  came  to  the  crown  in  1025.  In  the  year  prior  to  that  event, 
however,  he  had  granted  a  lease  of  the  manor,  &c.,  to  Francis,  Lord  Cottiugton,  his 
secretary,  for  eighteen  years;  and  he  subsequently  extended  the  term  for  three  years 
longer.ll  The  estates  of  Lord  Cottington  were  afterwards  sequestered  for  "delinquency," 
and  in  1646  his  interest  in  this  demesne  Avas  sold  (vmder  an  ordinance  of  Parliament)  to 
Eichard  Boucher,  of  St.  Clement  Danes,  London,  for  £900. 

At  the  Eestoration  the  manorial  estate  reverted  to  the  Crown;  and  Charles  II.  in  1061 
demised  to  Heniy,  Lord  Moore,  afterwards  Earl  of  Drogheda,  this  manor,  with  other  lands 
belonging  to  the  duchy  of  Cornwall,  and  a  capital  messuage  called  Fauxhall,  for  thirty-one 
years,  at  an  annual  rent  of  £150,  but  with  a  power  of  resumption  as  to  the  latter 
messuage,  of  which  the  King  availed  himself,  and  then  granted  to  his  lordship  a  new  lease 
of  Kenuington  at  £100  yearly.  In  1747  a  lease  of  the  capital  messuage  of  this  manor 
and  its  appurtenant  lands  was  obtained  by  "William  Clayton,  Esq.,  of  Harleyford,  Bucks, 
for  thirty-one  years,  and  in  1765  an  additional  lease  for  eighteen  years  was  granted  to 
the  same  gentleman.     A  further  change  was  made  in  1776,  when  an  Act  of  Parliament 

*  Stow's  Chronicle,  p.  788.  +  '■■  Colleclauc-a,"  vol.  v.  p.  3j:i. 

X  "jEdes  regise  Kennington  dietce,  cpio  reges  Anglia;  olini  secedere  soliti,  scd  nunc  uec  noiiitji,  iiec  niJera 
iuvenimus." — Britannia:  Surrey. 

§  Manning  and  Bray,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  iii.  p.  486. 

II  In  a  survey  of  tlie  Kennington  demesne,  taken  in  1636  by  Sir  Charles  Harbord,  Surveyor  General  of  the  Duchy 
of  Cornwall,  the  manor-house  is  stated  to  be  "  a  small,  old,  low,  timber  building,  situated  upon  part  of  the  foundation  of 
the  ancient  mansion-house  of  tlie  Black  Prince,  and  other  Dukes  of  Cornwall  after  him,  which  was  long  .since  utterly 
ruined."  (See  Nichols's  "  Lambeth,"  in  which  is  a  small  plan  of  the  site  and  precincts  of  the  palace,  copied  from  the 
survey.) 

n   0. 


100  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

was  passed,  enabling  Mr.  Clayton  to  surrender  the  existing  leases  and  take  a  new  one 
for  ninety-nine  years  (determinable  on  three  lives),  for  the  purposes  of  building,  &c.  ;  and 
"on  the  faith  of  this  lease  and  act,  buildings  have  been  erected,  producing  [in  1814]  about 
£2,000  a  year  in  ground  rents."  '"  Since  that  time  a  vast  increase  in  the  houses  and 
population  of  this  district  has  taken  place,  and  the  value  of  the  property  been  proportionably 
augmented. 

Kennington  Palace  stood  within  a  triangular  plot  of  ground  near  Kennington  Cross, 
now  bounded  by  Park  Place,  Devonshire  Street,  and  Park  Street ;  and  though  no  portion 
of  the  building  remains  aboveground,  thick  fragments  of  walls  of  flint,  chalk,  and  rubble- 
stone  intermixed,  may  be  seen  in  the  cellars  of  houses  in  Park  Place.  The  Long  Barn, 
referred  to  in  a  previous  note,  ran  parallel  with  this  line  of  houses. 

In  Upper  Kennington  Lane,  on  the  north  side,  is  Yauxhall  Chapel,  a  plain  edifice  of 
brick,  dedicated  to  St.  John,  erected  in  1816  at  a  cost  of  about  £2,000,  raised  by  voluntary 
contribution  of  persons  of  the  Independent  persuasion.  The  chapel  is  now  occupied  by  a 
congregation  of  Anabaptists. 

St.  Peter's  Church,  close  by,  was  consecrated  in  1864:.  It  is  a  large  brick-built 
edifice,  of  early  English  architecture,  and  was  erected  from  the  designs  of  Mr.  J.  L. 
Pearson.  The  fabric  has  sittings  for  a  congregation  of  840.  Adjoining  the  church  are 
some  schools  and  a  mission-house. 

In  Lower  Eennington  Lane  is  Carlisle  Congregational  Chapel,  so  called  from  having 
been  erected,  about  seventy  years  ago,  by  the  Eev.  George  Gibson,  when  master  of  the 
Carlisle  House  Boarding  School.  The  stuccoed  front  is  surmounted  by  a  single-bell 
turret. 

Between  Kennington  Lane  and  the  Oval,  on  the  site  now  occupied  by  the  gas-holders 
or  stores  in  connection  with  the  Phoenix  Gas  Works  at  Vauxhall  Bridge,  were  formerly 
the  South  London  Water  Works,  constructed  by  a  joint-stock  company  under  the  provisions 
of  an  Act  of  Parliament  obtained  in  1805.  The  site  comprises  about  5  acres,  on  which 
a  steam-engine  and  the  requisite  buildings  were  erected,  and  two  reservoirs  formed,  for 
the  supply  of  water  drawn  from  the  Thames,  but  in  a  purer  state,  to  certain  parts  of 
Lambeth,  Newington,  Bermoudsey,  Eotherhithe,  Deptford,  Peckham  Eye,  Camberwell, 
Dulwich,  Clapham,  and  other  adjacent  places.  Other  works  have  since  been  raised  by  the 
company,  and  a  steam-engine  erected  at  Vauxhall  Creek,  on  ground  that  belonged  to  the 
once-celebrated  Cumberland  Gardens. 

On  the  same  side  is  the  Licensed  Victuallers'  School.     This  establishment  owes 

*  Manning  and  Bray,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  iii.  p.  488. 


LAMBETH.  ,oi 

its  origin  to  the  "Friendly  Society  of  Licensed  Victuallers,"  instituted  in  1793,  and 
incorporated  by  royal  charter  in  1836.  The  primary  object  of  the  society  was  to  "  afford 
relief  to  sick,  infirm,  and  distressed  Brethren  in  Trade ;  "  and  in  aid  of  that  purpose  the 
Morning  Advertiser  newspaper  was  published,  which  commenced  in  1791,  and  has  ever 
since  been  continued,  as  it  proved  a  profitable  specvilation.  Subsequently  to  tliat  under- 
taking, the  school  was  established  for  the  clothing,  educating,  and  putting  out  in  the 
world  the  childi-en  of  either  sex  of  distressed,  decayed,  and  deceased  members  of  the 
society.  The  children  receive  a  thorough  commercial  education,  including  drawing, 
mathematics,  &c. ;  the  girls  are  also  trained  for  household  work  and  other  useful 
occupations ;  and  all  are  instructed  in  religion  according  to  the  doctrines  of  the 
Established  Chiirch.  There  are  a  head  master  and  two  assistants,  a  head  mistress  and  two 
assistants,  and  also  a  matron.  The  funds  supporting  the  school  arise  from  life  and  yearly 
subscriptions ;  from  dividends,  donations,  and  legacies ;  and  from  the  profits  of  annual 
balls,  &c. 

The  present  school  was  erected  in  1836  on  the  site  of  a  plain  brick  edifice,  originally 
adapted  for  the  purpose  about  1807.  It  is  a  handsome  building,  designed  by  the  late 
Mr.  Hemy  Eosc,  architect,  of  Bermondscy.  The  basement  story,  which  is  of  stone,  is 
rusticated;  the  superstructure  is  of  brick,  but  fronted  by  a  projecting  portico  and  pediment 
of  the  Corinthian  order.  The  interior  is  comraodiously  arranged,  and  contains  distinct 
schools  and  other  apartments  for  the  children  of  cither  sex.  This  institution  is  under  the 
superintendence  of  a  governor  and  a  committee  of  management,  consisting  of  six  trustees 
and  sixteen  other  persons.    The  Queen  is  patroness. 

The  Yestry  Hall  for  the  parish  of  Lambeth  is  in  Kennington  Eoad,  near  the  green. 
It  is  a  commodious  brick-built  edifice,  and  was  erected  in  1854-5.  The  building  contains 
offices  for  the  clerk  to  the  magistrates,  the  clerk  to  the  Burial  Board,  the  Lambeth  Board 
of  Works,  the  officers  of  the  Vestry  of  Lambeth,  &c.,  besides  a  spacious  room  for  general 
meetings,  &c. 

In  Kennington  Road  is  Verulam  Chapel,  a  plain  square  building,  erected  in 
1825,  and  affording  accommodation  for  500  persons.  Originally  this  chapel  was  in 
the  Independent  connection,  but  it  is  now  Episcopal,  and  is  known  as  Verulam  District 
Church. 

Nearly  opposite  Verulam  Chapel  is  St.  Philip's  Church,  a  Gothic  edifice  of  stone,  built 
from  the  designs  of  Mr.  H.  E.  Coe,  and  consecrated  in  1863.  It  contains  sittings  for  950 
worshippers.    The  district  has  a  population  of  about  8,000. 

Kennington  Park,  on  the  east  side  of  Kennington  Eoad,  is  an  enclosed  piece  of  ground, 


,02  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

some  20  acres  in  extent,  ornamented  with  plots  of  turf,  flo-^er  beds,  and  intersected  by 
gravel  \^'alks,  as  a  place  of  recreation  for  tbe  inhabitants  of  the  district,  and  is  under 
the  charge  of  the  Metropolitan  Board  of  Works.  It  was  formerly  known  as  Kenningtou 
Common,  and  Avas  celebrated  for  cricket  matches,  itinerant  preaching,  pugilistic  contests, 
and  other  popular  disports.  During  the  revolutionary  war  with  France  this  was  the 
frequent  exercise  ground  of  different  volunteer  regiments. 

On  the  west  side,  fronting  the  common,  is  the  well-known  Horns  Tavern  and 
Hotel.  Here  is  a  handsome  concert  and  assembly  room,  which  is  occasionally  appro- 
priated to  horticultural  and  floral  exhibitions,  and  also  used  for  the  delivery  of  lectures, 
both  scientific  and  amusing. 

St.  Mark's  Church,  Kennington. — This  church,  which  was  built  in  1822 — 24  from 
the  designs  of  Mr.  D.  E.  Eoper,  stands  at  the  southern  extremity  of  Kenningtou 
Park,  near  the  intersection  of  the  road  leading  to  Brixton  and  Croydon  with  that 
from  Yauxhall  to  Camberwell,  on  a  spot  somewhat  remarkable  as  having  been  the 
place  of  execution  for  criminals  doomed  to  capital  punishment  at  the  county  assizes ; 
and  many  persons  suffered  here  as  traitors,  who  were  tried  at  St.  Margaret's  Hill  in  1746, 
after  the  insurrection  of  the  Scotch  in  the  preceding  year  in  favour  of  the  younger  "  Pre- 
tender." 

The  body  of  the  edifice  is  of  brick,  with  stone  dressings,  but  the  west  front  is  wholly 
of  stone :  the  steeple  also,  surmounting  the  roof  of  the  central  vestibule,  is  of  the  same 
material.  The  entire  west  front  consists  of  a  portico  of  the  Doric  order,  composed  of  four 
fluted  columns  and  two  antes,  based  on  a  platform  ascended  by  a  flight  of  steps,  and 
supporting  an  entablature  and  pediment.  The  entablature  is  continued  along  the  walls  of 
the  church,  but  without  its  characteristic  triglyphs.  The  steeple  consists  of  three  stories, 
and  is  surmounted  by  a  spherical  dome,  crowned  by  a  lofty  cross.  At  the  east  end  is  an 
attached  building,  including  a  vestry  and  other  oflices,  and  beneath  is  a  flight  of  steps 
descending  to  the  catacombs.  During  the  years  1873 — 7G  the  interior  of  this  church  was 
wholly  remodelled  and  renovated ;  the  east  window  has  been  filled  with  stained  glass,  the 
subject  being  the  Ascension  of  our  Lord;  and  the  organ  has  been  removed  from  the 
western  gallery  to  the  eastern  end  of  the  church.  A  handsome  reredos  has  also  been 
added  in  memory  of  the  late  Eev.  Charlton  Lane,  who  was  incumbent  for  thirty-three 
years. 

Kenningtou  Church  is  in  the  diocese  of  Eochcster,  and  the  patronage  is  in  the 
gift  of  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury.  The  following  have  been  the  Ministers  of  this 
church : — 


l.—  Wi'llMm  Olki\  M.A.,  afterwards  Bishop  of  C'hiclicstcr.     Instituted  iu  1824. 

%— Charlton  Lane,  M,A.     Instituted  in  1833. 

3. — Henry  Robert  Lloyd,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1861. 

4. — EJnmnd  Ilcnry  Fisher,  M.A.,  Archdeacon  of  Southwark.     Instituted  in  1869. 

The  churchyard  is  enclosed  by  an  iron  railing  upon  a  granite  plinth,  but  interrupted 
at  intervals  by  square  piers  of  the  same  material  supporting  large  lamps.  It  is  planted 
with  trees,  and  the  ground  neatly  laid  out.  On  its  south  side  was  a  small  stream,  called 
the  Effra,  over  which  was  a  bridge  that  was  repaired  by  the  Canons  of  Merton  Abbey,  to 
whom  lands  had  been  anciently  devised  for  the  pui-pose.  This  rivulet  took  its  rise  in  the 
upper  parts  of  the  Brixton  district,  and  flowed  along  the  eastern  side  of  the  high-road. 
Although  the  stream  has  been  diverted  from  its  original  channel,  or  otherwise  effaced,  its 
name  is  kept  in  remembrance  by  a  modern  thoroughfare  called  Efi"ra  Eoad. 

New  schools  were  built  in  St.  Mark's  parish  in  1876. 

The  district  of  St.  John  the  Divine,  Avith  a  population  of  9,000,  has  been  taken  from 
St.  Mark's.  This  church  was  erected  in  1874  at  a  cost  of  £20,000.  Schools  were  built 
in  1872  at  a  cost  of  £3,000. 

St.  James's  Church,  Kennington  Park  Eoad,  was  restored  in  1875,  and  consecrated  by 
the  Bishop  of  Winchester.  It  is  in  the  gift  of  the  Bishop,  and  was  built  by  subscription. 
The  funds  for  the  building  were  raised  by  the  personal  efforts  of  the  Eev.  Samuel 
Bache  Harris,  M.A.,  the  first  vicar.  The  parish  was  separated  from  St.  Mark's,  Kennington, 
and  contains  a  population  of  16,200.     Schools  were  built  here  in  1851  at  a  cost  of  £80. 

The  Church  of  St.  Agnes,  on  the  east  side  of  Kennington  Park,  is  in  the  English 
middle  pointed  style  of  architecture,  and  was  built  from  the  designs  of  the  late  Sir 
G.  Gilbert  Scott.  The  cast  window,  of  stained  glass,  illustrating  the  doctrines  of  the 
Incarnation  and  the  Atonement,  cost  ^£1,000,  and  serves  as  a  memorial  to  the  lady  who 
was  the  chief  benefactress  of  the  church. 

Claylands. — From  the  situation  of  this  estate,  which  lies  on  the  southern  side  of 
Kennington  Oval,  it  seems  probable  that  it  was  formerly  included  in  the  deer  park  of  Sir 
Noel  Caron,  Knt.,  ambassador  from  the  States  of  Holland  to  this  country  in  the  respective 
reigns  of  Elizabeth  and  James  I.,  and  to  whom,  in  1617  (as  previously  stated),  Prince 
Charles  granted  a  lease  of  the  demesne  lands  of  Kennington  manor,  at  the  yearly  rent  of 
£16  10s.  9d.,  payable  to  the  receivers  for  the  duchy  of  Cornwall.* 

*  According  to  Allen  ("  Hist,  of  Lambeth,"  p.  396,  1827),  a  great  part  of  the  walls  wliich  surrounded  Sir  Noell's  park, 
"  particularly  one  piece  across  Kenuington  Oval,"  still  existed  when  he  -nTote  ;  hut  scarcely  any  part  now  remains.  The 
level  area  of  the  Oval  is  used  as  the  Surrey  cricket  ground.     Sir  Noel's  house  at  South  Lambeth  stood  on  a  plot  of 


,04  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

Claylands  was  bounded  on  the  north  side  by  the  streamlet  called  the  Effra  (noticed 
above),  which  separated  it  from  the  Clayton  property.  It  was  purchased  about  ninety  years 
ago  by  John  Fentiman,  Esq.,  at  which  time  the  land  was  chiefly  a  marsh,  and  had  been 
let  for  grazing.  The  new  owner,  having  drained  the  ground  and  filled  up  the  hollows, 
enclosed  several  acres  for  plantations  and  pleasure  grounds,  and  built  a  mansion  for  his 
own  abode.  He  died  in  1820,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  John  Fentiman,  Esq.,  at 
whose  decease  in  1838  this  estate  devolved  on  Catherine,  his  widow.  The  name  is  still 
kept  up  by  Fentiman  Eoad. 

From  a  survey  of  the  manor  of  Kennington  made  in  1615,  we  find  that  Sir  Thomas 
Parry,  Chancellor  of  Lancaster,  then  held  a  house  called  Copped  or  Copt  Hall,  near  the 
Thames ;  and  whilst  he  resided  here  the  Lady  Arabella  Stuart,  who  had  offended  James  I. 
by  her  marriage  with  William  Seymour,  grandson  of  the  Earl  of  Hertford,  was  kept  in 
confinement  in  this  house,  but  having  made  her  escape,  she  was  again  taken  and  committed 
to  the  Tower,  where  she  died  in  1615.  On  the  death  of  Sir  Thomas  Parry,  Copt  Hall  became 
the  property  of  John  Abrahall,  who  in  1629  surrendered  it  to  Charles  I.  The  Parliament, 
having  taken  possession  of  the  estates  of  the  Crown,  sold  this  in  1652  to  John  Trenchard, 
of  Westminster.  Charles  II.  is  said  to  have  established  here  one  Calthoff,  a  Dutchman, 
who  conducted  a  manufactory  of  guns  for  the  King's  service.  These  premises,  at  a  more 
recent  period,  were  occupied  as  a  distillery  by  Mr.  Pratt,  and  afterwards  by  Sir  Joseph 
Mawbey,  his  son-in-law.  The  Hall  was  a  large  timber-framed  mansion  fronting  the 
Thames,  with  gable-ended  wings  and  two  octagonal  turrets  rising  high  above  the  roof. 

Near  Kennington  Oval,  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  road  leading  into  it  from  Vauxhall, 
are  the  Parochial  Schools  for  the  Kennington  district,  erected  by  voluntary  contributions 
in  1824,  and  towards  the  support  of  which  £900  in  the  3  per  cent.  Consols  were 
liberally  given  by  the  subscribers  to  the  Lambeth  Parochial  School.  There  are  distinct 
schools  for  each  sex,  with  intermediate  apartments  for  a  master  and  mistress.  Each  school 
will  accommodate  about  200  children. 

In  the  Brixton  Eoad,  which,  commencing  near  Kennington  Park,  passes  the  east  end  of 
St.  Mark's  Church,  is  Christ  Chukch,  Brixton,  formerly  known  as  Holland  Chapel :  it  is 
a  neat  stuccoed  edifice,  with  a  bell  turret  over  the  central  part.  This  was  built  by  the 
Eev.  J.  Styles,  D.D.,  in  1823,  for  Independents,  and  was  for  many  years  an  Episcopal 
proprietary  chapel.     The  district  of  Christ  Chm-ch,  with  a  population  of  6,953,  was  taken 

ground  now  occupied  by  Beaufoy's  distillery.  It  was  nearly  in  the  form  of  a  half  H,  with  gable  roofs  and  projecting 
circular  ^vings,  and  had  latterly  been  converted  into  an  academy.  On  the  northern  side  of  the  Wandsworth  Eoad,  near 
the  Nine  Elms,  Sir  Noel  Caron  built  an  almshouse  for  seven  poor  -n-idows,  which  yet  remains.  He  died  in  1624,  and 
was  interred  with  much  ceremony  in  Lambeth  Church,  his  funeral  sermon  being  preached  by  Archbishop  Abbot. 


from  St.  Mark's  in  ISoG.  The  cliurcli  was  restored  in  1855  at  a  cost  of  £4,000.  Schools 
were  built  here  in  1860  at  an  expense  of  £2,000. 

This  church  stands  on  ground  long  held  by  the  Holland  fomilj',  and  forming  part  of  the 
minor  of  Lambeth  Wykc,  or  Wye  Coiu-t,  an  estate  belonging  to  the  Archbishops  of 
Canterbury,  by  -whom  it  has  been  let  on  lease  for  lives  or  terms  of  years.  In  the  Taxation 
of  1291  this  is  called  the  Grange,  or  farm,  of  Le  Wyke.  More  than  a  century  ago  the 
lease  was  possessed  by  Henry  Fox,  the  first  Lord  Holland,  and  the  estate  was  described 
as  consisting  of  a  mansion  called  Loughborough  House,  a  garden,  formerly  called  Piush 
Croft,  and  about  234  acres  of  land.  The  house,  with  the  garden  and  orchard,  comprising 
about  10  acres,  was  advertised  in  the  London  3£ercurij  of  April  10th,  1682,  to  be  let  as  "a 
great  pennyworth,"  cither  on  lease  or  at  a  yearly  rent.  Lysons  supposed  that  at  a  former 
period  it  had  been  either  the  property  or  the  residence  of  Henry,  Lord  Hastings,  of 
Loughborough.  It  is  a  large  edifice  of  red  brick,  and  has  an  attached  court,  garden,  &c., 
surrounded  by  old  walls.  For  many  years  these  premises  were  occupied  a-^  a  school,  but 
the  house  has  been  pulled  do\\Ti. 

Most  important  alterations  and  improvements  have  been  made  in  this  neighbourhood 
since  the  commencement  of  the  present  century.  The  "Washway,  so  called  from  its  low 
and  plashy  state,  has  been  converted  into  a  substantial  road,  and  now  displays  handsome 
terraces  and  ornamental  villas  on  each  side.  The  Holland  estate  also  has  been  appropriated 
for  building,  and  is  occupied  hy  divers  streets  and  detached  dwellings  having  an  air  of 
respectability  and  affluence.  Other  ranges  of  houses  of  a  similar  character  have  been 
constructed,  and  the  names  of  the  Vassall  and  Holland  Eoads,  Eussell  Terrace,  &c.,  will 
preserve  the  memory  of  the  family  now  holding  this  property. 

Kennington  gave  the  title  of  Earl  to  William  Augustus,  second  son  of  George  II.,  who 
in  1720  was  created  Duke  of  Cumberland,  Marquis  of  Berkhampstead,  Earl  of  Zcnnington, 
and  Baron  of  the  Isle  of  Alderney.  On  his  death  without  issue  in  1765  these  titles 
became  extinct. 

The  Manor  of  Stockwell,  or  South  Lambeth. — The  manor  described  in  the  Doomsday 
Book,  among  the  lands  of  the  Earl  of  Morton,  under  the  name  of  Lanchei,  was  supposed  by 
Lysons  to  have  been  that  afterwards  called  Stockwell,  or  South  Lambeth.  This,  however, 
seems  questionable,  for  though  Stockwell  is  now  a  distinct  manor,  suit  and  service  are 
paid  from  it  to  the  court  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Canterbury,  together  with  nn  annual 
chief  rent  of  Id. ;  hence  it  may  rather  be  concluded  that  the  manor  had  its  origin  in  some 
grant  to  the  Chapter  of  Canterbury. 

In  the  reign  of  King   John  the  manor  of  Stockwell   belonged  to  Baldwin,  son   of 

VOL.   III.  p 


io6  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

William  de  Ecdvers,  sixth  Earl  of  Devon ;  and  his  widow  Margaret  long  held  it,  togethei* 
with  Faukeshall,  or  Vauxhall,  as  previously  related  in  the  account  of  that  manor.  Both 
these  estates,  with  several  others,  descended  to  Isabella,  Countess  of  Albemarle,  grand- 
daughter of  the  Countess  Margaret ;  and  from  that  lady  they  were  purchased  by  Edward  T. 
a  short  time  before  her  death,  which  took  place  at  Stockwell  in  1293.  This  manorial 
estate,  having  come  into  the  hands  of  the  King,  was  granted,  probably  by  Edward  II.,  to 
Thomas  Eomayne  (a  citizen  of  London)  and  Juliana  his  wife,  who  in  1310  obtained  a 
grant  of  the  privilege  of  free-warren  here.  Juliana  survived  her  husband,  and  dying  in 
1326,  was  succeeded  by  her  two  daughters,  coheiresses,  to  the  elder  of  whom,  Eohesia, 
wife  of  John  de  Boreford,  Stockwell  and  its  appurtenances  were  assigned.*  On  her  decease 
in  1330  her  estates  descended  to  her  son.  Sir  James  do  Boreford,  who  in  1351  obtained  a 
license  to  have  an  oratory  in  his  mansion  at  Stockwell,  and  in  1359  he  had  a  grant  of 
the  right  of  free-warren.  Sir  Thomas  Swinford  subsequently  held  this  manor,  which  ho 
settled  on  his  wife  Catherine,  who  became  the  mistress,  and  at  length  the  third  consort,  of 
John  of  Gaunt,  Duke  of  Lancaster.  After  repeated  transfers  the  estate  was  purchased  in 
1461  by  Ealph  Leigh,  whose  son  and  heir,  Jolin  Leigh,  was  made  a  Knight  of  the  Bath  on 
the  marriage  of  Prince  Arthur,  eldest  son  of  Heniy  YII.  That  gentleman  held  numerous 
estates  in  the  county  of  Surrey,  and  dying  without  issue  in  1523,  Stockwell  with  others 
came  into  the  possession  of  his  nephew,  John  Leigh,  Esq.,  by  whom,  or  by  his  son  of  the 
same  name,  the  manor  was  conveyed  to  Henry  YIII.  in  1547. f  But  the  King  is  su^Dposed 
to  have  had  possession  before  that  date,  and  to  have  been  a  resident  here  in  1533,  when 
Edward  Lee,  Archbishop  of  York,  was  at  this  place,  and  judicially  authenticated  under 
seal,  in  presence  of  a  notary  public,  the  answer  of  the  clergy  of  his  province  to  the 
questions  proposed  concerning  the  validity  of  the  marriage  of  the  King  with  the  Princess 
Catherine  of  Arragon,  the  widow  of  his  brother.  Prince  Arthur.  J 

Queen  Mary  granted  Stockwell  to  Anthony  Browne,  Yiscount  Montagu,  reserving  a 
fee-farm  rent  of  £8  12s.  lid. ;  and  in  1580  his  lordship  conveyed  the  manor-house, 
with  certain  lands  adjacent,  for  a  term  of  one  thousand  years,  at  an  annual  rent  of 
£6  13s.  4d.,  to  a  person  named  Store;  but  he  retained  the  manor,  and  died  seized  of  it  in 

*  In  the  inquisition  post  mortem  it  was  found  tliat  Juliana  died  seized  of  "  a  tenement  in  Stockwell,  a  capital 
messtiage,  two  gardens,  one  dove-house,  287  acres  of  land,  19^  of  meadow,  rents  of  assise  of  free  and  customary  tenants, 
£o  Os.  8|d.  ;  nineteen  Neifs  or  Bondmen,  who  held  84|  acres  of  land,  rents  called  Cherset  (Churchscot),  viz.  9  cocks  and 
9  hens,  rents  of  capital  tenants,  common  fine  at  the  view  of  Frank-pledge,  at  Vauxhall,  13d.  Total,  ^17  Os.  O^d." — 
Escheats,  19  Edw.  11.  n.  85. 

t  The  person  who  thus  alienated  the  estate  must  have  been  the  John  Leigh  who,  in  1541,  had  a  quarrel  with  his 
neighbour,  Henry,  Earl  of  Surrey,  who,  it  may  be  presumed,  was  the  culpable  party,  for  he  was  imprisoned  on  account 
of  this  feud,  and  obliged  to  give  security  for  his  peaceable  behaviour  towards  the  said  Leigh. 

t  Manning  and  Bray,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  i.  p.  498. 


LAMBETH.  J07 

1592.  It  was  held  in  the  reign  of  James  I.  by  Sir  George  Chute,  afterwards  by  the 
family  of  Gofftou,  and  in  the  time  of  William  III.  by  that  of  Thoruicroft.  One  of  that 
family  about  1790  sold  the  manor,  with  a  house  and  about  1-i  acres  of  land,  to  William 
Lambert,  Esq.,  of  Ludgate  Hill,  who  died  at  Wellfield  Ilouse,  Erixton,  in  1810,  leaving 
this  estate  to  Elizabeth,  his  widow,  and  after  her  decease  to  James  Lambert,  his  nephew. 

The  old  manor-house  devised,  as  above  stated,  by  Viscount  Montagu,  came  into  the 
possession  of  Thomas  Colwell,  Esq.,  and  was  pulled  down  prior  to  1755,  and  another  house 
built,  which,  with  the  land  attached,  was  purchased  in  1770  by  Mr.  Isaac  Barrett,  an 
affluent  wax-chandler,  whose  son  and  heir-,  Bryant,  dying  in  1808,  bequeathed  it  (together 
with  the  Yauxhall  jn-operty)  to  his  sons,  Geo.  Eogers  Barrett  and  the  Eev.  Jonathan  Tyers 
Barrett,  D.D.,  a  Prebendary  of  St.  Paul's. 

At  the  north-west  angle  of  what  was  once  Stockwell  Common  stood  the  large 
mansion  which  formerly  belonged  to  John  Angell,  Esq.,  an  eccentric  gentleman,  whose 
grandfather,  Justinian,  obtained  this  estate  by  his  marriage  with  Elizabeth,  daughter  and 
heiress  of  John  Caldwell,  Esq.,  of  Brixton  Causeway.  John  Angell  died  in  1781,  having 
by  his  will,  dated  1775,  bequeathed  all  his  "lands  and  estates,  both  real  and  personal,  in 
Surrey,  Kent,  and  Sussex,  to  the  heirs  male,  if  any  such  there  be,  of  William  Angell,  the 
first  purchaser  of  Crowhurst,  aud  fatlier  of  my  great-grandfather,  John  Angell,  Esq.,  and 
then*  heii's  male,  for  ever,"  &c.,  but  subject  to  the  foundation  and  endowment  of  "  a  College, 
or  Society,  of  seven  decayed  or  unprovided-for  Gentlemen,  that  shall  be  such  by  three 
descents,  and  two  Clergymen,  an  Organist,  six  Singing-men,  and  twelve  Choristers,  a 
Yerger,  or  Chapel  clerk,  &c.,  and  to  be  called  the  Gentlemen  of  St.  John's  College,  near 
Stockwell."  For  the  erection  of  the  college  and  chapel,  which  were  to  be  built  on  a  free- 
hold field  called  Burden  Bush,  he  allotted  £0,000,  and  for  the  endowment  £800  per 
annum,  the  revenues  for  the  payment  of  which  he  vested  in  the  Archbishops  of  Canterbury 
and  York,  and  the  Lord  Chancellor.     The  remainder  of  the  property,  in  default  of  Imeal 

male  issue  from  his  great-great-grandfather,  he  devised  to Bro^m,  Esq.,  of  Studley, 

in  Wilts,  a  relation  by  female  descent,  who  obtained  possession  of  this  and  other  estates 
of  the  deceased,  and  assumed  the  name  of  Angell. 

The  foimdation  of  the  college  was  invalidated  by  the  Statute  of  Mortmain,  and  several 
Chancery  and  Exchequer  suits  and  many  ejectment  cases  have  taken  place,  from  the 
numerous  claims  made  to  Mr.  Angell's  property,  under  the  peculiar  terms  of  his  will. 
John  Angell,  of  Crowhui'st,  Esq.,  his  grandfather  (as  appears  from  his  nronumcnt  in 
Crowhiu-st  Church),  had  twenty  children,  of  whom  six  sons  survived,  and  several  of  their 
descendants  endeavoured,  but  fruitlessly,  to  establish  their  right  to  the  succession.     The 

p  f? 


,o8  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

inheritance,  however,  from  causes  which  it  \yould  be  tedious  and  difficult  to  trace,  wouhl 
seem  to  have  become  divided.  The  StockwcU  property  descended  to  the  two  sons  of  the 
above  Mr.  Angell,  of  whom  Benedict  J.  A.  Angell,  the  elder,  had  the  house  and  freehold 
lands  attached;  and  W.  B.  Angell,  the  younger,  the  copyhold  land,  which  was  about 
10  acres.*  For  some  years  the  house  was  occupied  as  an  academy.  The  name  of 
Mr.  Angell  is  now  kept  in  remembrance  by  the  Angell  Town  Estate,  on  the  east  side  of 
the  Brixton  Eoad. 

Stockwell  Green  has  now  almost  entirely  lost  its  once  rural  character,  and  many  of  the 
surroimding  houses  have  been  altered  or  rebuilt  since  its  far-famed  ghost  affrighted  the 
neighbourhood  "  from  its  propriety  "  in  1772.  This  palpable  imposition,  to  which  nothing 
but  extreme  credulity  could  have  given  consequence,  was  the  device  of  a  female  servant 
living  with  Mrs.  Golding,  an  elderly  lady,  in  a  detached  house,  standing  iipon  the 
eastern  side  of  the  green,  and  lying  back  from  the  road,  at  a  short  distance  northward 
from  a  public-house  bearing  the  sign  of  the  Tower.  The  first  manifestation  of  the  ghost's 
presence — if  such  a  phrase  be  admissible  in  speaking  of  a  nonentity — occurred  on  the 
morning  of  Twelfth  Day  (Monday,  January  6th)  in  the  above  year,  when  great  alarm  was 
excited  by  the  fall  and  breakage  of  china,  glass,  plates,  &c.,  in  the  back  kitchen,  and  the 
removal  and  tumbling  about  of  various  articles  of  domestic  use,  without  any  visible  cause. 
In  her  fright  Mrs.  Golding  ran  into  a  neighbour's  house  and  fainted,  and  was  afterwards 
bled.  Meanwhile  some  of  her  property  was  brought  into  the  same  house,  where  similar 
occurrences  took  place  in  regard  to  the  tumbling  about  and  breaking  of  different  articles. 
In  two  other  houses  at  Eush  Common,  near  Brixton  Causeway,  Avhere  Mrs.  Golding 
sought  refuge  during  that  day  and  the  following  night,  accompanied  by  her  servant,  the 
same  consequences  followed ;  and,  in  the  consternation  excited  by  these  strange  events,  the 
harassed  lady  was  indirectly  accused  of  having  been  guilty  of  some  atrocious  crime,  for 
the  committal  of  which  she  was  thus  pursued  by  Providence.  Indignant  at  this  accusation, 
she  returned  to  her  own  home,  accompanied  from  Brixton  Causeway  by  Mr.  Pain,  the 
husband  of  her  niece,  at  whose  house  much  glass  and  chinaware  had  been  destroyed. 
This  was  about  six  o'clock  on  the  Tuesday  morning,  and,  as  the  breakage  and  falling 
about  of  different  articles  were  soon  afterwards  renewed,  suspicions  fell  upon  the  maid- 
servant, who  was  immediately  discharged.  No  disturbances  happened  afterwards,  and 
none  had  previously  taken  place  where  the  girl  had  not  been  present.  Notwithstanding 
the  fair  presumption  of  the  girl's  participation  in  these  transactions,  it  is  said  that  few 

*  Maiming  and  Braj',  "  Surrey,"  vol.  iii.  p.  499  ;  and  Denne,  "  Additions  "  to  Ducarel  and  Nichols,  in  "  Bibl.  Topog. 
Brit."  4to,  p.  434,  1795. 


\  I' 


/C?(?^. 


LONDON,  VIRIUE  &C? 


at  the  time  would  admit  of  such  a  rational  iufereuce,  but  attributed  the  wliole  to  witcli- 
craft.  Lysons  says  that  "  great  numbers  of  people  of  all  ranks  went  to  sec  the  feats  of 
this  imaginary  ghost,  who  caused  the  furniture  to  dance  about  the  rooms  in  a  vcrj' 
surprising  manner."  He  adds  (writing  about  1791  or  1792),  "Mrs.  Golding  aud  her 
daughter  being  both  dead,  there  was  an  auction  at  the  house  a  few  months  ago,  when  the 
dancing  fui'niture  sold  at  very  extravagant  prices."  * 

On  the  western  side  of  the  green  is  St.  Andrew's  Church,  formerly  known  as 
Stockwell  Episcopal  Chapel,  towards  the  erection  of  which  Archbishop  Seeker  contri- 
buted £500  in  1767.  It  was  greatly  enlarged  in  1810 ;  and  again  in  18G8,  at  a  cost  of 
£3^400.  In  the  same  year  it  was  consecrated.  Soon  afterwards  a  considerable  chapelry 
district,  taken  out  of  the  new  parishes  of  St.  Mark's,  Kennington,  and  St.  Matthew's, 
Brixton,  was  assigned  to  the  chapel.  Towards  the  south  is  a  Congregational  chapel,  and 
in  Studley  Eoad  is  a  chapel  for  the  use  of  the  "Wesleyaus.  The  National  and  Parochial 
Schools  were  erected  in  1818  for  children  of  both  sexes.  Besides  this  school,  Stockwell 
possesses  a  British  School  for  boys  and  girls  ;  also  a  Board  School,  a  Girls'  Industrial 
Home,  and  a  Training  College  in  connection  with  the  British  and  Foreign  Schools  Society. 

In  New  Park  Eoad,  and  nearly  equidistant  between  the  Brixton  and  Clapham  Eoads, 
is  the  Church  of  St.  Michael,  Stockwell,  erected  in  1841  from  the  designs  of  Mr.  W. 
Eogers,  and  consecrated  by  the  Bishop  of  Winchester.  An  ecclesiastical  chapelry 
district,  including  a  portion  of  South  Lambeth,  and  comprising  a  population  of  about 
6,000  persons,  was  assigned  to  it  by  her  Majesty  in  Council  in  1845.  This  edifice  is  a 
composition  in  the  lancet  or  early  English  style  of  architecture.  It  was  enlarged  in 
1864,  and  now  contains  sittings  for  about  1,400  persons.  The  central  part  of  the  prin- 
cipal front  (including  the  chief  entrance)  consists  of  an  hexagonal  tower  of  three 
stories,  siu-mounted  by  a  slender  spire  of  the  same  form,  which  is  supported  by  flying 
buttresses  and  crowned  by  a  handsome  finial.  At  each  angle  of  the  tower  is  a  graduated 
buttress  of  four  stages,  with  an  ornamental  pinnacle ;  and  in  the  front  part  of  the  second 
story  is  a  clock  dial  placed  within  a  triangular  niche.  At  the  northern  and  southern 
angles  of  the  building  are  projecting  porches,  forming  entrances  to  the  aisles  and  galleries, 
and  above  each  is  an  oblong  Avindow  flanked  by  ornamental  buttresses.     On  each  side 

*  "  Environs,"  vol.  i.  p.  329.  See  also  "  An  Autlientie,  Candid,  and  Circumstantial  Narrative  of  the  astoniiih- 
ing  Transactions  at  Stockwell,"  &c.,  a  small  pamphlet  published  in  1772.  In  Hone's  "Every-Day  Book,"  vol.  i., 
under  January  7th,  182.5,  it  is  stated,  on  the  authority  of  Jlr.  J.  Brayfield  of  Camherwell  (then  lately  deceased),  that  Ann 
Robinson,  who  was  Mrs.  Golding's  servant,  and  with  whom  he  became  acquainted  some  years  after  these  events, 
acknowledged  herself  to  be  the  author  of  all  the  mischief,  tome  being  accomplished  by  the  placing  of  long  horse-hairs 
and  ^-ire  under  the  crockery  and  glasses,  and  the  rest  by  her  own  manual  dexterity  during  the  excitement  and  alarm 
arising  from  her  contrivances  among  superstitious  and  ignorant  people. 


1,0  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

of  the  cliiu'cli  are  seven  lancet  windows  between  similar  buttresses,  and  in  tbe  circular 
termination  of  the  west  end  are  others  of  the  same  character.*  National,  Infant,  and 
Sunday  Schools  have  been  attached  to  this  district. 

In  Stockwell  Private  Eoad  is  the  Sjiall-Pox  Hospital,  which  was  opened  in  1871  : 
it  contains  accommodation  for  about  100  patients.  Adjoining  is  a  Fever  Hospital,  with 
beds  for  about  170.  The  two  institutions  were  established  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Metropolitan  District  Asylum  Board. 

The  Stockwell  Orphaxage  was  established  in  1869  by  Mr.  C.  H.  Spurgcon,  pastor 
of  the  Metropolitan  Tabernacle  at  Newington  Butts.  It  is  a  large  quadrangular  building, 
standing  on  the  Bedford  estate,  with  an  entrance  by  a  broad  avenue  from  the  Clapham 
Eoad.  It  contains  accommodation  for  250  boys,  who  are  fed,  clothed,  and  educated. 
The  expenses  of  the  institution  are  about  £5,000  per  annum,  and  it  is  maialy  dependent 
on  voluntary  contributions. 

At  South  Lambeth,  a  portion  of  which  is  La  this  district,  in  Lawn  Place,  is  an  Epis- 
copal chapel,  erected  in  1794,  and  which  accommodates  about  600  persons.  It  is  sur- 
mounted by  a  bell  turret,  and  contains  a  fine-toned  organ.  The  patronage  is  vested  in 
the  proprietors  and  the  Eector  of  Lambeth. 

DuNSFOED  Lodge,  with  the  extensive  grounds  attached  to  it,  has  been  bought  by  the 
Eoman  Catholic  Bishop  of  Southwark,  with  the  view,  it  is  said,  of  converting  it  into  the 
episcopal  residence,  with  seminary  attached. 

South  Lambeth  has  at  sundry  times  been  the  residence  of  many  persons  of  eminent 
talents,  learning,  and  information.  The  Tradescants  and  Elias  Ashmole  have  already 
been  noticed,  and  subjoined  is  a  brief  memoir  of  the  learned  Ducarel,  who  occupied  a 
dwelling  attached  to  the  Tradcscant  mansion. 

At  South  Lambeth  resided  for  many  years  the  late  Andrew  Coltee  Ducarel,  LL.D., 
F.E.S.,  F.A.S.,  &c.  This  most  laborious  and  learned  antiquary  was  the  eldest  son  of  a 
gentleman  descended  from  an  ancient  family  settled  at  Caen,  in  Normandy,  in  -n'hich 
country  he  was  born  in  1713.  His  father,  having  emigrated  to  England,  became  a  resident 
at  Greenwich.  He  received  part  of  his  education  at  Eton  School,  and  whilst  there,  in 
1729,  he  was  attended  by  Sir  Hans  Sloane,  in  consequence  of  an  accident  through  which 
he  lost  the  sight  of  one  eye.  Having  entered  as  a  gentleman  commoner  at  St.  John's 
College,  Oxford,  in  1731,  he  obtained  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  in  1738,  and  in  1743 
he  became  a  member  of  the  College  of  Doctors'  Commons.     He  was  elected  a  fellow  of 

*  Since  tlie  decease  of  Ur.  D'Oyly  in  18-lG  a  great  change  lias  taken  place,  under  legal  ecclesiastical  arrangements,  in 
the  patronage  of  the  several  districts  of  Lambeth  parish. 


LAMBETH.  ; , , 

tlie  Society  of  Antiquaries  in  1737,  and  he  was  one  of  the  first  fellows  appointed  under 
the  charter  of  that  body  in  1755.  He  also  belonged  to  the  Antitiuariau  Societies  of 
Cortona,  Cassel,  and  Edinburgh. 

It  is  stated  that  Mr.  Ducarel  was  disappointed  in  his  wish  to  cuter  into  holy  orders, 
yet  it  does  not  appear  iu  what  manner.  But  though  not  a  clergyman,  he  was  intimately 
connected  with  the  ecclesiastical  establishment  of  this  country,  and  in  1755  he  was 
constituted  Commissary  of  the  Collegiate  Hospital  of  St.  Katharine,  near  the  Tower ;  in 
1758  Commissary  of  the  diocese  of  Canterbury;  and  afterwards  of  the  sub-deaneries  of 
South  Mailing,  Pagham,  and  Tarring,  in  Sussex.  He  also  held  the  office  of  Librarian 
to  the  Archbishops  of  Canterbury  at  Lambeth  from  the  time  of  the  primate  Ilutton,  by 
■whom  he  was  appointed  in  1757,  until  his  death,  which  took  place  at  his  own  residence 
at  South  Lambeth  in  1785. 

The  most  important  literary  production  of  Dr.  Ducarel  is  that  entitled  ''Anglo- 
-Norman Antiquities,"  illustrated  with  copper  plates,  17G7,  in  folio,  being  a  much 
augmented  and  improved  edition  of  his  ''  Tour  through  Normaudy,"  which  he  had  pub- 
lished in  1754.  lie  was  also  the  author  of  treatises  on  the  History  and  Antiquities  of 
the  Archiepiscopal  Palaces  of  Croydon  and  Lambeth,  and  of  the  Eoyal  Hosjiital  of 
St.  ITatharine.  His  lesser  publications  and  his  contributions  to  the  Avorks  of  others 
manifest  an  extensive  acquaintance  with  ecclesiastical  antiquities.  He  seems  to  have 
been  a  most  indefatigable  compiler  of  indexes  and  catalogues,  as  may  be  inferred  from 
his  having  made  an  index  to  all  the  Eegisters  extant  of  the  Archbishops  of  Canterbury 
from  Peckham,  in  1278,  to  Herrmg,  who  died  in  1757,  forming  forty-seven  vols,  folio.  He 
left  many  other  valuable  collections  in  manuscript,  Avhich  being  sold  by  his  nephew, 
Gerard  Gustavus  Ducarel,  Esq.,  became  the  property  of  the  late  Mr.  Gough  (editor 
of  the  "  Sepulchral  Monuments  of  Great  Britain  "),  and  are  now  deposited  in  the  Bodleian 
Library  at  Oxford.  Some  of  his  MSS.  have  also  been  purchased  for  the  Library  at 
Lambeth  Palace. 

St.  Stephen's  Church,  in  St.  Stephen's  Terrace,  South  Lambeth,  is  in  the  decorated 
style  of  architecture,  and  was  built  by  J.  Barnett  iu  18G1.  The  Church  of  St.  Silas,  also 
in  the  same  division  of  the  parish,  is  a  Mission  Church,  with  accommodation  fur  800 
worshippers.  The  Ecclesiastical  Commissioners  made  a  grant  of  £300  a  year,  and 
£1,500  towards  building  a  vicarage,  on  condition  that  the  Mission  Church  is  enlarged. 

All  Saints'  Church,  South  Lambeth,  stands  in  Priory  Grove,  Wandsworth  Koad, 
and  was  first  opened  as  a  temporary  church  in  1874.  The  permanent  chui-ch,  biult  from 
the  designs  of  ]Mr.  A.  Bedborough  in  the  Gothic  style,  was  commenced  in  187C. 


112  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

The  Church  of  St.  Ann,  in  Southi  Lambeth  Eoad,  Avas  built  in  1785,  in  the  style  then 
in  vogue,  and  was  known  as  South  Lambeth  Chapel.  The  edifice  was  restored  in  1868, 
and  consecrated  in  the  following  year. 

The  Church  of  St.  Maey  the  Less,  Pjjinces  Eoad,  South  Lambeth. — This  structure, 
constructed  of  brick,  with  stone  dressings  and  ornamental  appendages  in  the  pointed 
style,  was  commenced  from  the  designs  of  Francis  Bedford,  Esq.,  architect,  in  1827, 
and  it  was  consecrated  by  the  Bishop  of  Winchester  in  1828.  The  amount  of  the  building 
contract  was  ,£7,634  10s.  4d. ;  but  this,  of  course,  did  not  include  the  cost  of  the  fittings, 
organ,  and  furniture.  The  chief  expense  Avas  defrayed  by  the  Commissioners  for  Building 
New  Churches,  but  the  cost  of  the  organ,  fittings,  &c.,  was  supplied  by  a  parish  rate. 

By  an  order  of  Council  a  district  extending  from  the  banks  of  the  Thames  to  Kenning- 
ton  Eoad  was  assigned  to  this  church,  now  held  as  a  perpetual  curacy.  The  following  have 
been  the  Incumbents: — Charlton  Lane,  M. A.,  instituted  in  1828;  Stephen  Pope,  M.A.,  in 
1832 ;  Henry  Scawen  Plumptre,  M.A.,  in  1883 ;  Eobert  Eden,  M.A.,  in  1839 ;  Eobert 
Gregory,  M.A.,  in  1853  ;  and  George  H.  W.  Bromfield,  M.A.,  in  1874. 

Nearly  opposite  this  chapel  is  Lambeth  "Workhouse,  a  plain  but  extensive  building  of 
brick,  now  much  enlarged. 

In  Acre  Lane,  Brixton,  is  the  Trinity  Asylum,  a  substantia]  brick  building,  erected  in 
1822  by  the  late  Mr.  Thomas  Bailey,  a  chinaware  and  glass  manufacturer,  of  St.  Paul's 
Churchyard,  and  endowed  by  him  for  the  future  maintenance  of  twelve  females  of  good 
character  above  fifty  years  of  age. 

St.  Matthew's  Church,  Brixton. — This  was  the  first  of  the  district  churches  erected 
for  the  increased  population  of  Lambeth  parish,  though  that  of  St.  Mark  was  almost 
exactly  contemporaneous.  The  foundation  stones  of  both  were  laid  by  Dr.  Manners  Sutton, 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  in  1822.  This  edifice  was  consecrated  by  Dr.  Tomline,  Bishop 
of  Winchester,  in  1824.     St.  Mark's  was  dedicated  about  the  same  time. 

St.  Matthew's  Church,  of  the  Grecian-Doric  order,  was  designed  by  Charles  Porden, 
Esq.,  architect,  and  may  be  ranked  with  the  very  best  of  our  modern  classical  compositions 
in  that  style.  Its  ground-plan  is  a  parallelogram,  measuring  about  100  feet  in  length  and 
65  feet  in  breadth,  and  containing  accommodation,  in  pews,  seats,  and  galleries,  for  upwards 
of  1,900  persons,  of  whom  about  1,000  have  free  sittings.  The  estimated  cost  of  this 
structure  (inclusive  of  commission  and  incidental  expenses)  was  £15,340  13s.  7d, ;  the 
amount  of  the  building  contract  was  £15,192  9s. 

The  site  occupied  by  the  church  and  churchyard  is  near  the  rise,  or  rather  at  the 
junction,  of  the  Tulse  Hill  and  Brixton  Hill  Eoads.     It  is  surrounded  by  a  neat  iron  railing 


LAMBETH.  1 1  5 

restiug  uii  a  granite  plinth,  and  interrupted  at  intervals  bj^  square  pedestals  of  the  same 
material.  The  body  of  the  church  is  of  light-coloui-ed  brick ;  the  dressings  and  ornamental 
parts  arc  of  stone.  The  west  front  consists  of  a  noble  portico  composed  of  four  massive 
columns,  fluted,  and  two  anttc,  raised  on  a  st}-lobate  of  five  steps,  and  supporting  an  enta- 
blature and  pediment  characteristically  enriched.  The  entablature  is  continiied  along  the 
summit  of  the  lateral  walls,  which  are  connected  with  the  anta3  of  the  portico,  and  the  latter 
is  consequently  closed  at  the  side  like  the  pronaos  of  a  Grecian  temple.  "Within  the  portico 
are  tlu'ce  grand  entrances,  opening  into  a  handsome  vestibule,  which  communicates  both 
with  the  interior  of  the  church,  and,  by  flights  of  stairs,  with  the  galleries.  The  entrance 
doorways  are  constructed  in  accordance  with  ancient  examples,  the  apertures  increasing  in 
width  from  the  lintel  to  the  base  ;  the  lateral  windows   also,  of  which  there  are  five  on 


SOVTII-EASI    YIEW    OF    ST 


each  side  the  church,  are  of  a  similar  form.  In  the  eastern  front  there  is  a  great  deviation 
from  customary  arrangements,  the  central  part  consisting  of  a  projecting  tower,  surmounted 
by  a  steeple  of  two  stories,  and  the  recessed  side  divisions  each  containing  an  entrance 
porch,  fronted  by  antce  supporting  an  entablature.  The  tower,  which  is  based  on  three 
granite  steps,  and  rises  to  the  general  entablature  of  the  building,  is  finished  with  a  frieze 
and  cornice,  and  pierced  in  front  by  a  lofty  window,  crowned  bj'  a  pediment.  The  steeple, 
though  not  inelegant,  is  deficient  in  height.  The  lower  story  has  the  form  of  a  square 
temple  of  the  Doric  order,  each  face  consisting  of  two  columns  fluted,  and  two  anta;, 
supporting  an  entablature  :  above  this  is  a  parapet,  with  breaks  for  the  clock  dials.  The 
upper  story  consists  of  an  octagonal  temple,  designed  from  that  of  the  Cyn'hestes  at 
Athens :  this  is  crowned  by  a    pyramidal   roof,   enriched  with  scroll  foliage,  and   sur- 

VOL.  III.  Q 


1 14.  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

mounted  by  a  j)laiu  stouo  cross.  The  general  roof  of  the  building  is  slated.  Much 
elegance  and  skilful  arrangement  are  displayed  in  the  interior  of  the  church,  and  the 
ornamental  parts  are  designed  with  great  chasteness,  the  classical  style  being  preserved. 

Some  handsome  monuments  and  inscribed  tablets  of  white  marble  arc  affixed  against 
the  walls  in  this  church.  The  steeple  was  struck  with  lightning  for  the  second  time  in 
1872,  when  the  cross  at  the  top  was  shivered  into  fragments. 

In  the  churchyard  are  numerous  sepulchral  memorials,  and  among  them,  on  the  south 
and  east  sides,  are  several  tombs  of  classical  design ;  but  the  most  remarkable  monument  of 
this  class  is  a  Grecian  mausoleum  erected  at  the  north-west  angle  in  1825  by  Mr.  Henry 
Budd  in  memory  of  his  father,  Eichard  Budd,  Esq.,  who  died  in  1824.  It  is  based 
on  a  square  ground-plan,  and  is  upwards  of  25  feet  in  height,  consisting  of  three 
principal  stories,  raised  on  a  stylobate  of  granite  steps,  interrupted  on  the  west  front  by 
the  mausoleum  entrance.  Each  story  is  variously  enriched  and  adorned  with  emblematical 
sculpture  in  relief,  including  the  coiled  serpent,  the  Avingcd  globe,  and  the  holy  dove. 
The  whole  terminates  in  a  square  moulded  pedestal,  crowned  by  a  knot  of  honeysuckles 
of  similar  form. 

Several  new  churches  have  been  built  in  this  parish.  St.  Jude's,  East  Brixton,  in  1868, 
and  St.  Saviour's,  Brixton  Hill,  in  1875,  each  with  a  vicarage  complete,  were  both  built 
from  the  designs  of  Mr.  E.  C.  Eobins.  St.  Paul's,  in  Ferndale  Eoad,  and  St.  Catherine's, 
in  Gresham  Eoad,  Loughborough  Park,  are  both  temporary  churches.  St.  John's,  Angell 
Town,  was  consecrated  in  1853  :  it  is  in  the  early  English  style  of  architecture,  and  has 
1,200  sittings.  Holy  Trinity,  Tulse  Hill,  is  in  the  decorated  style,  and  its  Eegister  dates 
from  185G.  There  are  also  chapels  for  Dissenters  of  almost  all  denominations,  and  several 
free  schools  and  other  charitable  institutions. 

The  City  of  London  Ereemen's  Orphan  School,  foimded  in  1854  to  provide  for  the 
maintenance  and  education  of  the  orphans  of  the  freemen  of  the  City  of  London,  has  been 
erected  in  the  pleasant  locality  of  Shepherd's  Lane.  A  hundred  boys  and  fifty  girls, 
orphans  or  fatherless,  are  provided  for,  rmder  the  direct  control  and  management  of  the 
Court  of  Lord  Mayor,  Aldermen,  and  Commoners  of  the  City  of  London. 

The  Convict  Prison  for  males  stands  in  a  healthy  situation  on  the  west  side  of  Brixton 
Hill,  at  the  distance  of  about  200  yards  from  the  high-road.  It  was  erected  in  1820  for 
tho  reception  of  offenders  sentenced  to  hard  labour  either  at  the  county  assizes  or  sessions, 
or  summarily  convicted  before  a  magistrate.  It  has,  however,  been  recently  bought  by 
Government,  and  converted  to  its  present  purjiose. 

St.  Ann's  Society  Schools  and  Asylum,  Brixton  Hill. — In  1709  several  benevolent 


LAMBETH.  ,,5 

persons  in  the  ward  of  Aldorsgate  Within,  in  the  City  of  London,  established  a  society  for 
educating  and  clothing  children  of  necessitous  parents  of  every  nation  -who  had  been 
once  in  prosperity ;  and  in  the  same  year  they  instituted  a  day  school  in  St.  Ann's  Lane, 
Aldersgate,  for  thirty  boys  and  thirty  girls.  The  great  utility  of  this  establishment  led  to 
an  increase  of  its  funds,  and  in  1800  it  was  determined  by  its  governors  to  open  a  country 
asylum  for  the  entii-e  maintenance  and  education  of  twenty  additional  boys,  and  Brixton 
Hill  was  chosen  for  the  site  of  the  new  schools.  Since  that  date  girls  also  have  been 
admitted.  The  present  Asylum,  erected  in  1829,  is  a  handsome  building  of  three  stories, 
siu'mounted  by  a  cornice  and  plain  parapet,  but  fronted  centrally  by  an  Ionic  portico  and 
pediment,  ornamented  by  a  sculpture  of  the  royal  arms. 

St.  Ann's  Society  is  under  the  especial  patronage  of  the  Queen  and  others  of  the  royal 
family.  The  schools  arc  suj)ported  by  subscriptions,  collections  after  sermons,  and  other 
voluntary  contributions,  together  with  the  dividends  of  funded  property. 

On  Denmark  Ilill,  on  the  west  side,  is  an  Episcopal  chapel  dedicated  to  St.  Matthew, 
containing  sittings  for  about  1,000  persons,  and  a  good  organ.  It  is  now  a  perpetual 
curacy,  the  patronage  being  vested  in  trustees. 

St.  Paul's  Chxjech,  on  Ilcrne  Hill,  partly  in  this  district,  has  been  already  described 
under  Camberwell.*  About  half  a  mile  from  this  eminence,  on  the  western  side  of  the  road 
leading  to  Norwood,  is  Beockwell  Hall,  the  seat  of  Mr.  Joshua  Blackburn.  This  estate, 
comprising  nearly  GO  acres,  was  purchased  of  Mr.  Eichard  Ogbourne  in  1809  by  John 
Blades,  Esq.,  a  glass  manufacturer  of  Ludgate  Hill,  Sheriff  of  London  in  1812.  That 
gentleman  pulled  down  an  old  farmhouse  which  stood  in  the  lower  part  of  the  grounds, 
and  caused  the  present  mansion  to  be  erected  on  a  more  elevated  spot  from  the  designs 
of  the  late  Mr.  D.  Eiddcll  Eopcr,  of  Great  Stamford  Street.  It  is  constructed  of 
white  brick,  and  commands  a  fine  succession  of  diversified  views  over  all  the  intermediate 
country,  including  the  metropolis,  to  the  hills  of  Hampstcad  and  Highgate,  Shooter's  Hill, 
and  Harrow-on-the-Hill.  On  the  decease  of  Mr.  Blades  in  1829  this  property  devolved  on 
the  late  Joshua  Blackburn,  Esq.,  who  had  married  his  eldest  daughter,  and  who,  by  his 
will  dated  1840,  devised  the  reversion,  after  the  decease  of  his  widow,  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Blackbm-n,  to  Joshua,  their  eldest  son,  who  is  the  present  owner. 

St.  Luke's  District,  Norwood. — This  district  comprises  the  whole  of  the  southern 
part  of  Lambeth  parish,  its  distance,  where  it  adjoins  Croydon,  being  fully  six  miles  and  a 
half  from  the  mother  church.  Anciently  Norwood  was  an  extensive  tract  of  open  wood- 
land, receiving  its  distinctive  appellation  from  lying  to  the  north  of  the  town  of  Croydon, 

*  See  ante,  p.  22. 
Q  2 


, ,  5  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

and  some  portion  of  its  area  is  in  that  parish.  During  the  supremacy  of  Cromwell,  about 
the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century,  it  was  found  on  a  siu-vey  to  contain  830  acres  of 
land,  and  to  he  chiefly  covered  by  oak  pollards,  of  which  9,200  were  enumerated.  Here 
formerly  stood  an  aged  tree  called  Yicar's  Oak,  at  which  Mr.  Manning,  after  a  reference  to 
Aubrey,  says  "  the  five  parishes  of  Battersea,  Camberwell,  Lambeth,  Streatham,  and 
Croydon  meet."  * 

During  a  long  series  of  years  Norwood  was  celebrated  as  the  haunt  of  many  of  the 
gipsy  tribe,  who  in  the  summer-time  pitched  their  blanket  tents  beneath  its  umbrageous 
foliage,  and  from  their  reputed  knowledge  of  futui-ity  were  often  consulted  by  the  young 
and  credulous.  This  was  particularly  the  case  at  the  commencement  of  the  present 
centiuy,  when  it  was  customary  among  the  labouring  classes  and  servants  of  London  to 
walk  to  Norwood  on  the  Sunday  afternoon  to  have  their  "  fortunes  told,"  and  also  to  take 
refreshment  at  the  Gipsy  House,  which  long  bore  on  its  sign-post  a  painting  of  the 
deformed  figure  of  Margaret  Einch,  the  queen  of  the  gipsies.  "  This  remarkable  person," 
says  Lysons,  "  lived  to  the  age  of  109  years.  After  travelling,"  he  continues,  "  over 
various  parts  of  the  kingdom,  during  the  greater  part  of  a  century,  she  settled  at  Norwood ; 
whither  her  great  age,  and  the  fame  of  her  fortune-telling,  attracted  numerous  visitors. 
From  a  habit  of  sitting  on  the  ground,  with  her  chin  resting  on  her  knees,  the  sinews  at 
length  became  so  contracted,  that  she  could  not  rise  from  that  posture ;  and  after  her  death 
they  were  obliged  to  inclose  her  body  in  a  deep  square  box."t  She  Avas  buried,  as  appears 
by  the  Eegister,  at  Beckenham,  in  Kent,  on  the  2-ith  of  October,  1740. 

The  increase  of  houses  and  population,  conjoined  with  magisterial  interference,  has  long 

*  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  536.  The  crechility  of  Autrey  is  well  known.  In  Ms  account  of  Croydon  lie  says, 
"  In  this  Parish  lies  the  great  Wood,  called  Norwood,  belonging  to  the  See  of  Canterbury,  wherein  was  an  ancient  remark- 
able Tree,  called  Vicar's  Oak,  where  four  Parishes  meet  in  a  Point.  This  Wood  wholly  consists  of  Oaks.  There  was  one 
Oak  which  had  Misselto,  a  Timber  Tree,  which  was  felled  about  1678.  Some  Persons  cut  this  Misselto,  for  some 
Apothecaries  ia  London,  and  sold  them  a  Quantity  for  Ten  ShiUings  eacli  time,  and  left  only  one  Branch  remaining  for 
more  to  sprout  out.  One  fell  lame  shortly  after;  soon  after  each  of  the  others  lost  an  Eye,  and  he  that  fell'd  the  Tree 
(tho' warned  of  these  misfortunes  of  the  other  Men)  would,  notwithstanding,  adventure  to  do  it,  and  shortly  after  broke  his 
Leg;  as  if  the  Hamadryades  had  resolved  to  take  an  ample  Revenge  for  the  injury  done  to  that  sacred  and  venerable 
Oak."  "  I  cannot  omit  here,"  he  continues,  "  taking  Notice  of  the  great  Misfortunes  in  the  family  of  the  Earl  of 
Winchelsea,  who  at  Eastwell  in  Kent,  felled  down  a  most  curious  Grove  of  Oaks,  near  his  noble  Seat,  and  gave  the  first 
Blow  with  his  own  Hands.  Shortly  after,  his  Countess  died  in  her  Bed  suddenly,  and  his  eldest  Son,  the  Lord  Maid- 
stone, was  killed  at  Sea  by  a  Cannon  buUet." — {A-vhrcij,  Surrcij,  vol.  ii.  pp.  33,  34.)  In  the  old  Registers  of  St.  Mary, 
Lambeth,  the  following  entries  of  payment  occur : — 1583.  "  When  we  went  our  perambulation  at  Vicar's  Oke,  in  Rogation 
week,  paid  2s.  6d."— 1704.  "  Paid  for  100  lbs.  of  Cheese,  spent  at  Vicar's  Oke  8s." 

t  "  Environs,"  vol.  iv.  p.  301.  The  Gipsy  House  is  said  to  have  been  first  licensed  in  the  reign  of  James  I.  : 
it  is  now  a  respectable  imi.  That  the  neighbourhood  was  resorted  to  by  gipsies  as  remotely  as  the  reign  of  Charles  II.  is 
evident  from  the  subjoined  entry  in  Pepys's  "Diary,"  under  the  date  of  August  11th,  1668 : — "  This  afternoon  my  Wife  and 
Mercer,  and  Deb.  went  with  Pelling  to  see  the  Gipsies  at  Lambeth,  and  have  their  fortunes  told  ;  but  what  they  did,  I 
did  not  enquire." — (Vol.  ii.  p.  252,  4to  edit.)  In  the  summer  of  1815  the  gipsies  of  Norwood  were  "  apprehended  as 
vagrants,  and  sent  in  three  coaches  to  prison." — Hoyland's  Gipsies,  p.  180. 


LAMBETH.  ,17 

driven  the  gipsies  from  their  haunts  amid  the  sylvan  scenery  of  Norwood.  The  name 
of  this  wandering  race,  however,  is  still  kept  in  remembrance  by  Gipsy  Hill,  where  a 
railway  station  and  rows  of  houses  have  now  been  erected. 

This  picturesque  district  may  be  described  as  comprising  the  three  divisions  of  Upper, 
Lower,  and  South  Norwood,  the  fii'st  being  situated  upon  the  table-land  of  Wcstow  Hill, 
and  the  two  latter  adjacent  to  St.  Luke's  Church.  The  locality,  however,  is  being  fast 
built  over,  and  has  already  seven  or  eight  churches,  besides  a  large  number  of  Dissenting 
chapels  and  philanthropic  institutions. 

The  road  through  Camberwell  and  Dulwich  to  Upper  Norwood  leads  by  Dulwich 
Wood  to  the  broad  promenade  fronting  the  Crystal  Palace,  which  is  on  a  level  Avith  the 
cross  at  the  top  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  and  to  the  upper  part  of  "Westow  Hill,  whence 
there  is — or  was  before  the  erection  of  the  Crystal  Palace — an  uninterrupted  panoramic 
prospect  for  many  miles  around.  Hill  and  valley,  churches,  seats  and  villas,  highly 
cultivated  fields  and  gardens,  diversify  the  scenery  in  all  directions ;  whilst  on  the  north 
the  river  Thames,  with  portions  of  the  metropolis,  the  sister  hills  of  Hampstead  and 
Highgate  in  the  background,  and  the  blue  haze  beyond,  give  a  richness  and  grandeur  to 
the  view  approaching  to  magnificence. 

The  Crystal  Palace. — Although  the  grounds  of  the  Crystal  Palace  and  some  part  of 
the  building  itself  are  situated  in  Sydenham,  in  the  county  of  Kent,  the  greater  portion 
lies  within  the  boundary  of  Penge,  and  consequently  within  the  parish  of  Battersca ; 
still,  as  the  rapid  growth  of  Ujiper  Norwood  from  an  obscure  village  to  a  busy  and  thriving 
town  has  been  mainly  owing  to  the  presence  of  the  Crystal  Palace  in  its  neighbourhood, 
a  short  account  of  this  edifice  may  not  be  out  of  place  in  these  pages. 

At  the  close  of  the  Great  Exhibition  in  Hyde  Park  in  1861  it  was  decided  that  the  novel 
and  beautiful  structure  of  ii'on  and  glass  in  which  it  had  been  held  should  be  transferred 
to  some  place  in  the  outskirts  of  London,  and  there  re-erected,  to  remain  as  a  permanent 
place  of  recreation  and  intellectual  enjoyment.  The  broad  sloping  ground  lying  between 
the  Brighton  Eailway  and  Dulwich  Wood,  nearly  300  acres  in  extent,  was  seciu'cd ;  the 
rebnilding  of  the  edifice  was  commenced  in  1852 ;  and  it  was  opened  by  her  Majesty 
in  June,  1854.  The  building  itself,  which  is  constructed  almost  entirely  of  iron  and  glass, 
covers  nearly  16  acres  of  ground.  It  is  considerably  larger  than  its  prototype  in  Hyde 
Park ;  and  although  the  same  materials  were  used  in  its  construction,  it  diftcrs  from  it 
very  considerably  in  its  formation.  Instead  of  one  transept,  as  in  the  old  building,  the 
new  Crystal  Palace  had  originally  thi-ee ;  that  at  the  north  end,  however,  together  with  a 
considerable  part  of  the  building  adjacent,  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1866,  and  up  to  the 


, ,  s  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

present  time  (1879)  lias  been  only  partially  rebuilt.  The  nave  is  covered  witli  an  arclied 
roof,  raising  it  44  feet  bigher  tban  the  nave  in  Hyde  Park,  and  the  transepts  have  also 
similar  roofs.  The  height  of  the  central  transept,  from  the  garden  front  to  the  top  of  the 
louvres,  is  208  feet,  or  G  feet  higher  than  the  Monument  at  Loudon  Bridge.  The  interior 
of  the  building,  which  is  surrounded  by  galleries,  contains  various  industrial,  architectural, 
and  fine  art  courts,  which  are  interspersed  with  groups  of  statuary  and  fountains,  together 
with  tropical  and  other  plants.  In  the  central  transept  are  the  theatre  and  the  Handel 
Festival  Orchestra,  the  latter  being  capable  of  seating  4,000  performers :  its  diameter  is 
double  that  of  the  dome  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedi-al.  The  gardens  and  grounds  are  beautifully 
laid  out  with  walks,  flower  beds,  fountains,  statuary,  &c.,  and  are  so  artificially 
disposed  as  to  make  them  appear  even  more  extensive  than  they  really  are.  The  main 
features  in  the  grounds  are  the  fountains  and  water- works  ;  these  are  on  a  most  elaborate 
and  perfect  scale,  and  are  said  to  surpass  in  their  completeness  and  design  any  other  display 
in  the  world,  even  including  the  famous  fountains  of  Yersailles.  There  are  two  railway 
stations  adjoining  the  Palace,  which  place  it  in  dii'cct  communication  with  the  eastern 
and  western  districts  of  the  metropolis.  At  the  northern  end  of  the  promenade  mentioned 
above  are  some  reservoirs  in  connection  with  the  Lambeth  "Water  "Works. 

The  EoTAL  XoEMAL  College  ajjd  Academy  of  Music  fok  the  Blind,  in  Westow 
Street,  ITpper  Norwood,  was  instituted  in  1874  for  the  purpose  of  affording  "  a  thorough 
general  and  musical  education  to  the  youthful  blind  of  both  sexes,  who  possess  the 
requisite  talent,  so  as  to  qualify  them  for  self-maintenance." 

The  EoMAN  Catholic  Orphajstage  of  Ouk  Lady,  Central  Hill,  Upper  Norwood,  was 
founded  in  1848,  and  is  under  the  management  of  a  religious  community  of  ladies.  The 
institution  contains  about  320  orphan  and  destitute  childi-eu,  and  likewise  children  of 
respectable  parents,  but  in  reduced  circumstances,  who  are  lodged,  fed,  and  clothed  until 
they  are  fit  to  be  placed  in  situations  as  domestic  servants,  for  which  they  are  specially 
trained.  The  Orphanage,  which  is  of  Gothic  architecture  and  stands  in  spacious  grounds, 
was  built  in  1855,  and  has  since  been  considerably  enlarged. 

The  NoETH  Surrey  District  School,  in  Ancrley  Eoad,  is  another  of  the  many  indus- 
trial establishments  in  the  neighbourhood.  The  institution,  which  is  very  complete  in  its 
arrangements,  covers  more  than  50  acres  of  ground,  and  it  provides  the  means  of 
industrial  training  for  upwards  of  1,000  destitute  children. 

In  proceeding  through  Tipper  Norwood  the  eye  is  arrested  by  the  rising  spire  of  All 
Saints'  Church,  on  Beulah  Hill,  erected  in  1845  for  the  use  of  the  increasing  population  of 
Croydon  parish,  which  will  be  hereafter  described.  .  It  is  an  ornament  to  this  neighbour- 


LAMBETH.  „g 

hood,  and  from  its  cleYatiou  forms  a  conspicuous  object  for  mau}^  miles  arouud.  The  laud 
on  the  northern  side  of  the  hill  has  been  in  a  great  degree  cleared  of  its  wood,  and  brought 
iuto  cultivation  aud  largely  built  upon;  but  towards  the  south  the  acclivities  arc  still 
partially  covered  with  oak.  Ilcrc,  near  the  lower  part  of  the  hill,  was  the  Beulah  Spa, 
formerly  a  place  of  recreative  entertainment.  The  estate  comprised  about  2G  acres  of 
enclosed  woodland,  through  Avhich  carriage  drives  and  winding  avenues  were  cut, 
and  the  grounds  ornamentally  laid  out,  under  the  direction  of  the  late  Mr.  Decimus 
Burton.  The  spring,  or  well,  from  Avhich  the  waters  were  drawn  was  in  repute  for 
its  sanative  qualities  among  the  country-people  long  before  the  opening  of  these  grounds 
in  1831. 

In  Hamlet  Eoad,  Upper  E'orwood,  is  St.  Paul's  Church,  which  was  erected  in 
1866.  It  contains  sittings  for  about  1,100  persons.  Christ  Church,  Gipsy  Hill,  was 
built  in  1867,  and  is  in  the  early  French  style  of  architecture.  The  Church  op  St.  John 
the  Evangelist,  Auckland  Eoad,  Upper  Norwood,  dates  from  1875,  and  is  in  the  early 
English  style.  St.  Mark's,  South  Norwood,  was  erected  in  1852  :  it  also  is  in  the  early 
English  style.  This  district,  and  likewise  that  of  Holy  Trinity  adjoining,  the  church  of 
which  was  erected  in  1867,  was  formed  from  the  civil  parish  of  Croydon. 

St.  Luke's  Church. — This  edifice,  in  the  Grecian  style,  was  built  from  the  designs  of 
Mr.  Francis  Bedford,  architect,  and  forms  the  base-line  of  a  triangular  plot  of  ground 
railed  in  as  a  cemetery  at  the  junction  of  two  roads.  It  was  commenced  in  the  latter  part 
of  1822,  but,  from  various  alterations  made  in  the  interior,  was  not  completed  until  1825, 
when  it  was  consecrated  by  the  late  Dr.  George  Pretyman  Tomline,  Bishop  of  "Winchester. 
The  estimate  for  building  was  £12,387  8s.  3d. ;  but  nearly  £6,000  above  that  amount 
was  afterwards  expended  in  the  alterations  and  fittings-up. 

On  the  north  this  district  is  bounded  by  that  of  Brixton,  on  the  east  by  Knight's  Hill 
and  the  manor  of  Dulwich,  on  the  south  by  the  parishes  of  Croydon  and  Strcatham,  and  on 
tlie  west  by  Strcatham. 

At  a  short  distance  from  St.  Luke's  Church,  on  the  road  leading  toAvards  Brixton,  is  an 
elegant  pointed  archway  forming  the  entrance  to  the  South  Metropolitan  Cemetery, 
otherwise  called  the  Norwood  Cemetery,  Avhich  occupies  about  40  acres  of  ground,  chiefly 
lying  on  the  north  and  north-west  acclivities  of  a  commanding  eminence,  upon  which  the 
chapels  stand,  and  from  which  the  views  of  Norwood,  Heme  Hill,  Nunhead,  and  adjacent 
country  are  very  fine. 

Here  are  two  chapels,  erected  from  the  designs  of  the  late  Sir  "William  Tite,  the  archi- 
tect of  the  Eoyal  Exchange.     They  are  both  in  the  pointed  style  of  architecture  that 


HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 


prevailed  in  tlie  reign  of  Heniy  VI.,  and  are  respectively  used  for  celebrating  tlie  burial 
service  according  to  the  ritual  of  the  Church  of  England  and  for  Dissenters. 

Near  the  middle  of  the  floor  of  the  Episcopal  chapel  is  an  opening  into  the  catacombs, 
though  concealed  by  a  hearse,  or  catafalque,  about  8  feet  long,  5  feet  high,  and  4  feet 
wide.  The  sides  of  the  hearse,  which  are  fixed,  are  hung  with  black  velvet  in  festoons, 
wrought  with  a  deep  fringe  and  tassels.  The  central  part  is  sustained  by  an  iron  frame 
attached  to  the  pipe  of  an  hydraulic  machine  placed  in  the  vaults,  and  forms  a  bier.  Upon 
this,  by  means  of  steel  rollers,  every  coflB.n  brought  for  interment  here  is  slowly  and 
silently  moved  to  its  proper  situation  over  the  aperture  whilst  the  minister  is  reading  the 
bui-ial  service.  On  his  coming  to  the  solemn  words,  "We  commit  this  body  to  the  earth," 
the  bier  and  coffin  sink  gradually  down,  the  pall  being  left  above,  and  still  concealing  the 
opening.  Before  the  conclusion  of  the  service  the  bier 
slowly  rises,  and  again  fills  up  the  space,  but  the  coffin 
is  no  more  seen:  it  has  been  consigned  to  its  final 
resting-place. 

The  arrangement  of  the  catacombs  beneath  this 
chapel  will  be  best  understood  from  the  accompanying 
diagram,  in  which  the  middle  avenue  and  transverse 
passages  are  duly  indicated.  The  lines  show  the 
number  of  arches  in  each  division,  the  entire  number 
being  ninety-six.  Within  every  arch  are  twenty-four 
recesses  for  coffins,  and  consequently  2,304  interments 
will  take  place  in  these  vaults  before  any  additional 
catacombs  are  required.  Every  arch  is  16  feet  high,  and  9  feet  in  width.  The  letter  a 
in  the  woodcut  marks  the  space  immediately  below  the  catafalque  in  the  chapel,  by  means 
of  the  bier  connected  with  which  the  coffins  are  let  down. 

The  Jews'  Hospital,  in  Lower  Norwood,  was  originally  established  in  1806  "for  the 
maintenance  of  the  aged  poor,  and  the  industrial  training  of  friendless  children."  The 
institution  was  removed  hither  in  1863,  when  the  present  building  was  erected  from  the 
designs  of  Mr.  Tillot.  In  Portland  Eoad,  South  Norwood,  is  the  Jewish  Convalescent 
Home,  founded  in  1869  in  memory  of  Judith,  Lady  Montefiore.  The  School  of  the 
Westmoreland  Society  was  instituted  in  1853  for  children  of  Westmoreland  parents 
residing  in  and  within  seventy-five  miles  of  London. 

St.  Saviour's  Almshouse,  or  hospital  for  the  poor  of  the  parish  of  St,  Saviour,  South- 
wark,  in  Hamilton  Eoad,  Lower  Norwood,  was  erected  in  1863,  in  consequence  of  the  site 


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LAMBETH.  121 

of  the  origiual  building  being  required  for  tbe  Charing  Cross  Eiiilwaj-.  The  almshouse 
consists  of  thirty-eight  dwellings,  -with  a  chapel  and  lodge,  the  inmates,  male  and 
female,  being  alloAved  lis.  and  9s.  per  week  respectively. 

Numerous  villas,  designed  Tvith  much  elegance,  and  rows  of  first-rate  houses  have  been 
erected  in  the  Norwood  district,  the  picturesque  beauty  of  the  neighbourhood  possessing 
many  attractions  for  the  affluent  and  the  amateur  of  natural  scenery.  Several  places  of 
worship  have  also  been  built  for  the  accommodation  of  separatists ;  and  the  Anabaptists, 
Independents,  Wesleyans,  and  Catholics  have  each  a  chapel.  There  are  likewise  several 
schools,  both  on  the  National  and  the  British  principle,  and  also  in  connection  with  the 
London  School  Board  ;  and  in  Elder  Eoad  is  an  Industrial  Institution  for  the  Infant  Poor 
of  Lambeth. 

St.  John's  Disteict,  "Waterloo  Eoad. — There  is  yet  to  be  described  another  district 
of  those  into  which  the  extensive  parish  of  Lambeth  has  been  ecclesiastically  divided, 
namely,  that  of  St.  John,  which  comprehends  a  large  portion  of  the  tract  long  known  as 
Lambeth  Marsh,  and  also  the  recently  erected  chapelry  of  All  Saints.  The  general 
boundaries  of  this  district,  as  fixed  by  an  order  in  Council  held  at  Carlton  House  in  1824, 
are  as  follows : — Commencing  at  the  middle  of  Westminster  Bridge,  on  the  west  and 
north-west,  an  imaginary  boundary-line  passes  through  the  middle  of  the  river  Thames 
and  "Waterloo  Bridge  to  a  short  distance  beyond  the  latter,  and  thence  turning  southward 
into  the  Commercial  Eoad,  it  adjoins,  on  the  north-east  and  east,  the  parish  of  Christ 
Church ;  on  the  south-east  a  common  sewer  divides  it  from  St.  George's,  Southwark ;  and 
on  the  south-west  and  south  it  adjoins  the  mother  parish  of  St.  Mary,  its  general  southern 
line  from  Mead  Place  being  the  Westminster  Bridge  Eoad.* 

Long  within  memory  much  of  this  ground  was  a  swampy  marsh,  yet  still  presenting 
divers  verdant  and  rural  spots  studded  with  rows  of  pollard  willows,  where  small 
tea  gardens  and  other  places  of  recreation  and  amusement  were  opened  for  the  solace 
of  those  who  in  fine  weather  strolled  hitherward  on  Sundays  and  holidays.  But  now 
everything  is  changed;  crowded  streets,  wharfs,  manufactories,  &c.,  cover  the  land,  and 
scarcely  any  part  of  the  metropolis  is  fraught  with  a  more  abundant  population.  This 
is  particularly  observable  in  the  great  line  of  thoroughfare  called  Lambeth  Marsh  and 
the  New  Cut,  which  connects  the  two  main  roads  into  Surrey  leading  from  the  bridges 
of  Westminster  and  Blackfriars.     In  consequence  of  there  not  being  any  regular  markets 

*  Under  the  same  order  in  Council  districts  were  allotted  to  the  newly  erected  churches  of  St.  Mark,  Kennington  ; 
St.  Matthew,  Brixton  ;  and  St.  Luke,  Norwood,  all  of  which,  with  this  of  St.  John,  had  been  commenced  about  the 
same  time,  under  the  patronage  of  the  Church  Commissioners  appointed  under  an  Act  of  5S  George  III.  cap.  45.  (London 
Gazette,  March  29th,  1825,  pp.  544—547.) 


122  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

in  this  vicinity  this  thoroughfare  has  become  the  great  retail  mart  for  provisions,  clothing, 
shoes,  household  furniture,  tools,  books,  and  other  articles  of  domestic  use.  Independently 
of  the  shops  "which  line  both  sides  of  the  waj^,  hundreds  of  stalls  for  the  sale  of  vegetables, 
fruits,  flowers,  sweetmeats,  &c.,  are  pitched  in  tlie  open  street,  and  contribute  to  the 
bustling  activity  of  this  busy  neighbourhood. 

St.  John's  Church  was  erected  from  the  designs  and  under  the  superintendence  of 
F,  Bedford,  Esq.,  architect.  It  stands  in  a  large  open  space  on  the  eastern  side  of 
Waterloo  Eoad,  and  separated  from  it  by  a  neat  iron  railing.  The  site  was  a  SAvamp  and 
horse-pond,  and  great  labour  was  necessary  in  order  to  secure  a  good  foundation,  which 
was  at  length  accomplished  by  deep  piling.  The  work  was  commenced  in  1822,  and  in 
1823  the  fli-st  stone  was  laid  by  Dr.  Charles  Manners  Sutton,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 
In  1824  the  church  was  consecrated  in  honour  of  St.  John  the  Evangelist  by  Dr.  George 
Pretymau  Tomline,  Bishop  of  Winchester.  The  architect's  estimate  for  its  erection, 
including  incidental  expenses  and  commission,  was  £18,000  ;  but  several  thousands  were 
afterwards  expended  in  the  fittings-up  and  various  appendages. 

This  is  a  capacious  edifice  of  brick,  with  stone  dressings  and  a  portico  of  stone.  Its 
ground-plan  is  a  parallelogram,  120  feet  in  length  and  67  feet  in  width.  The  entire  front 
on  this  side  consists  of  a  hexastyle  portico  of  the  Grecian-Doric  order,  with  an  entablature 
and  pediment,  the  former  being  continued  round  the  building.  The  columns  are  fluted, 
and  the  frieze  is  filled  with  a  series  of  sculptured  chaplets  of  myrtle  instead  of  the  proper 
characteristics  of  the  order.  Beneath  the  portico  are  five  entrances  leading  into  the 
vestibules  of  the  church,  galleries,  and  belfry.  Behind  the  portico  a  somewhat  lofty 
steeple,  in  four  stories,  rises  from  the  roof,  and  terminates  in  an  obelisk  surmounted  by  a 
ball  and  cross.  The  lower  story,  which  is  rusticated,  contains  the  clock  dials.  The  next 
story,  of  the  Ionic  order,  has  two  columns  on  each  face,  with  antfe  at  the  angles,  and  a 
louvre  window  in  each  intercolumniation.  This  division  encloses  an  excellent  peal  of 
eight  bells,  of  which  the  tenor  bell  is  1,900  lbs.  in  weight.*  The  third  story,  from  which 
rises  the  pedestal  that  supports  the  obelisk,  is  of  the  same  general  design  as  that  last 
described,  but  of  diminished  proportions.  On  the  north  and  south  sides  of  the  church  a 
plain  course  of  stone  divides  each  elevation  into  two  stories,  and  each  story  contains  six 
windows,  the  lowermost  range  being  nearly  square,  and  the  uppermost  oblong  :  the  large 
eastern  window,  which  is  surmounted  by  an  entablature  and  pediment,  is  also  of  the  latter 
form. 

The  interior,  as  in  nearly  all  our  modern  churches  of  Grecian  design,  appears  like  a 

*  The  cost  of  the  bells  and  turret  clock  was  defrayed  by  a  pubKc  subscription. 


large  single  apartment,  the  space  being  almost  -wlioll}'  unbroken  except  by  the  galleries, 
■vv'liieli,  suj)ported  by  columns  of  tlic  Doric  order,  are  very  capacious.  The  piers  between 
the  windows  are  faced  by  pilasters  of  the  Ionic  order,  connected  with  an  entablature 
immediately  below  the  ceiling,  ornamented  hj  a  rich  houeysuckle  moulding.  The  ceiling 
is  horizontal  aud  panelled  in  recessed  squares,  in  each  of  which  is  an  expanded  flower.  In 
the  western  gallery  is  a  good  organ.  In  an  arched  recess  on  either  side,  ranging  oscr 
the  gallery  stairs,  are  seats  for  the  district  schools.  The  whole  number  of  sittings  in  this 
chui-ch  is  about  2,000,  of  which  upwards  of  one-third  are  free. 

Among  the  few  monuments  here,  at  the  east  end,  is  one  erected  by  subscription  of  the 
inhabitants  in  commemoration  of  Thomas  Lett,  Esq.,  who  died  in  1830.  lie  was  a  great 
benefoctor  to  this  church  and  a  magistrate  of  the  county.  It  exhibits  a  figure  of  Justice, 
leaning  -with  one  arm  upon  a  pedestal,  bearing  an  urn,  and  holding  a  balance  with  the 
other.  On  a  tablet  of  white  marble,  inscribed  in  memory  of  James  Thos.  Goodenham 
Eodwell,  Esq.,  who  died  in  1825,  is  a  sculpture  in  relief  of  an  angel  kneeling  by  a 
sarcophagus.  On  another,  in  memory  of  Edward  Vere,  Esq.,  is  sculptured  a  cap  of 
maintenance,  siu-mounted  by  a  boar  passant.  Ilcre  also  is  a  small  marble  tablet  com- 
memorative of  the  late  comedian,  Eobert  William  Elliston,  who  died  in  1831,  and  was 
interred  in  a  vault  below  the  church. 

The  churchyard  contains  some  fine  plane-trees,  and  steps  were  being  taken  in  1S7G 
to  lay  it  out  as  a  garden,  and  make  it  available  for  the  purposes  of  recreation. 

Adjoining  the  chiu-chyard,  in  Church  Street,  are  the  District  National  Schools,  erected 
about  fifty  years  ago.  This  street  leads  to  what  was  known  as  the  Old  Ilalfpenny  Hatch, 
where  a  private  footway,  bordered  by  pollard  willows,  led  through  some  garden  grounds 
nearly  to  Christ  Church,  and  for  a  long  series  of  years  formed  the  nearest  tlioroughfarc 
from  Lambeth  to  Bankside  and  London  Bridge. 

In  the  Waterloo  Eoad,  between  St.  John's  Chm-ch  and  the  New  Cut,  are  two 
Dissenting  chapels,  namely,  Ziox  Chapel,  belonging  to  the  Independents,  aud  New 
Jerusalem  Temple  (as  formerly  called),  built  by  the  followers  of  Emmanuel  Swedenborg, 
but  eventually  transferred  to  a  Baptist  congregation.  The  former  is  a  plain  brick  edifice, 
raised  in  1822,  and  containing  accommodation  for  about  1,000  persons;  the  latter,  also  of 
brick,  was  built  a  few  years  afterwards,  and  has  a  Gothic  front. 

Nearly  opposite  St.  John's  Church  is  the  London  terminus  of  the  Soutli-AVestern 
Eailway,  together  with  the  Waterloo  Junction  station  of  the  South-Eastern  Eailway. 

At  a  short  distance  from  St.  John's  Church  northwards  is  the  Eoyal  Universal 
Infirmary  for  Children  and  Women,  a  neat  edifice  of  brick  with  a  stone  portico,  built 

r2 


X24  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

from  a  design  gratuitously  fui'uislicd  by  D.  Laing,  Esq.,  the  architect  of  the  Custom 
House,  and  first  opened  in  1824,  when  the  husiness  of  the  institution  was  removed  from 
St.  Andrew's  Hill,  Doctors'  Commons.  This  charity  was  founded  by  the  late  Dr.  J.  B. 
Davis  in  1810,  and  many  thousand  patients  have  since  participated  in  its  benefits.  It  is 
chiefly  maintained  by  yearly  subscriptions.  The  Duke  of  Kent  assisted  in  founding  the 
Infirmary,  and  the  Queen  has  long  been  an  annual  subscriber ;  and  the  Prince  of  "Wales, 
on  whose  estate,  as  Duke  of  Cornwall,  the  hospital  stands,  has  allowed  the  committee  to 
purchase  the  freehold  on  advantageous  terms.  In  1875  the  building  was  enlarged  and 
considerably  improved. 

"Watekloo  Bridge. — This  noble  structure,  in  which  grandeur  of  design  is  united  with 
great  professional  skill,  has  excited  the  admiration  of  many  scientific  foreigners,  as  well  as 
that  of  the  fellow- citizens  of  its  highly  talented  architect.  Canova,  the  late  celebrated 
Italian  sculptor,  and  most  esteemed  connoisseur  in  works  of  art  of  modern  times,  regarded 
it  as  the  "finest  bridge  in  Europe,"  and,  in  expressing  this  opinion,  he  added  that  "it 
alone  was  worth  coming  from  Eome  to  London  to  see." 

Waterloo  Bridge  crosses  the  Thames  at  a  nearly  equidistant  point  from  the  bridges  of 
Blackfriars  and  Westminster.  Mr.  Ealph  Dodd,  the  original  projector  of  a  tunnel  under 
the  river  and  of  other  works  of  a  similar  nature,  appears  to  have  been  first  engaged  as 
engineer  on  this  imdertaking,  but  before  much  progress  had  been  made  the  committee  of 
management  applied  to  the  late  John  Eennie,  Esq.,  and  from  his  designs  the  bridge  was 
built.  It  was  erected  at  the  expense  of  private  individuals,  incorporated  by  an  Act  of 
Parliament  passed  in  1809,  under  the  style  of  the  "  Strand  Bridge  Company,"  and 
empowered  to  raise  by  subscription  the  sum  of  £500,000  in  transferable  shares  of  £100 
each,  and  the  additional  sum  of  £300,000  by  the  issue  of  new  shares,  or  by  mortgage 
secured  on  the  propertj^,  if  it  were  found  requisite.  In  1813  the  company  obtained  a  new 
Act  of  Parliament,  authorising  a  further  augmentation  of  the  funds  in  the  same  manner  to 
the  amount  of  £200,000  ;  and  a  third  parliamentary  enactment  in  1816  conferred  new 
powers  on  the  proprietors,  and  ordained  that  the  Strand  Bridge  should  thenceforth  be 
called  Waterloo  Bridge.  The  architect  furnished  two  designs,  one  for  a  bridge  with  seven 
arches,  and  another  for  one  with  nine,  the  latter  of  which  was  approved  of  by  the  com- 
mittee, and  carried  into  execution.     The  first  stone  was  laid  in  1811. 

Instead  of  using  caissons  in  building  the  piers,  the  foundations  were  laid  in  cofi'er- 
dams,  made  by  driving  into  the  bed  of  the  river  three  concentric  rows  of  piles  at  the 
distance  of  about  3  feet  6  inches  apart.  The  ground  was  chiefly  clay  covered  by  a  stratum 
of  gravel,  and  into  this  were  driven  beech  and  elm  piles  12  inches  in  diameter,  and  about 


20  feet  iu  length,  to  form  tlic  fouudations  of  the  piers,  and  Lctwccn  these  piles  was 
rammed  in,  to  the  depth,  of  18  inch.os,  Kentish  ragstonc  laid  iu  liquid  mortar.  The  heads 
of  the  piles  being  sa-n-ed  off,  so  as  to  present  a  perfectly  level  siirftice,  timber  sills,  or 
bearing  piles,  -were  fastened  to  it  transversely  and  longitudinally ;  to  these  was  secured  by 
long  spikes  a  flooring  of  six-inch  plank ;  and  upon  this  was  laid  the  first  course  of  masonry. 
The  faces  of  the  piers  and  abutments,  and  also  of  the  arches,  consist  of  blocks  of  Cornish 
granite,  and  the  interiors  of  Craigleith  and  Derbyshire  stone,  every  course  being  grouted 
with  liquid  mortar ;  and,  to  strengthen  the  masonry,  four  chain-bars  of  iron  were  worked 
transversely  into  each  arch. 

The  arches  are  all  semi-cUipscs,  of  120  feet  span,  with  an  elevation  of  35  feet,  leaving 
a  height  of  30  feet  above  the  surface  of  the  water  at  spring  tides,  and  forming  a  clear 
water-way  of  1,080  feet.  The  piers  are  30  feet  in  breadth  at  the  base,  and  20  at  the 
springing  of  the  arches.  Their  dimensions  in  the  direction  of  the  breadth  of  the  bridge 
are  87  feet  each,  terminating  towards  the  stream  in  angles  formed  by  the  meeting  of  curved 
lines,  and  upon  their  extremities  stand  two  three-quarter  columns  of  the  Grecian-Doric 
order,  supporting  an  entablature  which  forms  the  exterior  of  a  rectangular  recess,  or 
balcony.  The  sides  of  the  bridge  are  defended  by  an  open  balustrade  with  a  frieze  and 
cornice.  The  carriage  road  is  28  feet  wide,  and  each  foot-pavement  is  7  feet  in  width. 
The  entire  length  of  the  bridge  from  the  extremities  of  the  abutments  is  1,380  feet.  The 
approaches,  except  at  the  entrance  to  the  Strand,  are  70  feet  wide,  and  are  carried  over  a 
series  of  semicircular  arches,  10  feet  each  in  span;  that  on  the  Strand  side  is  310  feet  in 
length,  and  that  on  the  Surrey  side  7 GO  feet  long,  formed  by  thii-ty-nine  semicircular 
arches,  and  au  elliptical  arch  of  20  feet  span  over  the  Narrow  "Wall  Eoad,  and  an  embank- 
ment about  105  yards  in  length.  In  order  to  complete  the  approaches  on  the  Surrey  side 
the  company  were  obliged  to  obtain  a  loan  of  £60,000  from  Government  on  a  mortgage  of 
the  tolls,  which  have  never  produced  a  remunerating  interest  to  the  shareholders.  Diu-ing 
the  closure  of  Westminster  Bridge  against  carriages  the  traffic  over  this  thoroughfare  was 
greatly  increased.*  This  bridge  was  publicly  opened  with  great  ceremony  by  the  Prince 
Eegent  on  the  18th  of  June,  1817,  being  the  anniversary  of  the  battle  of  Waterloo,  fought 
in  1815.t     A  toll  of  one  halfpenny  was   charged  for  foot-passengers  over  the  bridge, 

*  After  Westminster  Bridge  Iiad  been  extensively  repaired,  the  caniage-way,  wliicli  liad  remained  closed  from  the 
IDth  of  August,  was  again  opened  on  December  24tli,  1846. 

t  In  the  forenoon  a  detachment  of  Horse  Guards  posted  themselves  on  the  bridge,  and  about  three  o'clock  a  discharge 
of  two  hundred  and  two  guns,  iu  commemoration  of  the  number  of  cannon  taken  from  the  French,  announced  the  arrival 
of  the  Prince  Regent  and  other  illustrious  personages,  who  came  in  barges  from  the  Earl  of  Liverpool's  house  at  Whitehall. 
The  royal  party  passed  through  the  centre  arch  and  landed  on  the  Surrey  side,  where  a  procession  was  formed,  headed  by 


126  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

and  twopence  for  cabs,  &c. ;  but  in  1878-9  the  bridge  was  bought  over  by  tlie  Metro- 
politan Board  of  Works,  and  the  tolls  were  abolished. 

The  Hungerfoed  and  Lambeth  Suspension  Bridge. — This  was  a  chain  foot-bridge, 
extending  across  the  Thames  from  Hungerford  Market,  which  occupied  the  site  of  the 
railway  terminus  at  Charing  Cross,  to  the  opposite  shore  in  the  district  of  St.  John,  at 
Lambeth,  It  was  erected  pursuant  to  an  Act  of  Parliament  which  received  the  royal 
assent  in  1836  (6  &  7  William  IV.  cap.  133),  constituting  the  proposers  a  body 
corporate  imder  the  style  and  title  of  "The  Hungerford  and  Lambeth  Suspension 
Foot-bridge  Company,"  and  empowering  them  to  raise  the  sum  of  £80,000  in  3.200 
shares  of  £25  each,  and  the  fm-ther  sum  of  £26,000  by  mortgage,  if  necessary  for 
the  completion  of  the  work.  The  bridge  was  constructed  under  the  superintendence 
of  Sir  I.  K.  Brunei,  chief  engineer,  and  Mr.  Pritchard  Baly,  resident  engineer.  The 
expense  of  the  masonry  and  brickwork  was  about  £63,000,  and  that  of  the  ironwork 
£17,000. 

Prom  its  mode  of  construction  and  height  above  the  river  this  bridge  had  a  light  and 
airy  appearance,  strongly  contrasting  with  the  massive  pile  of  Waterloo,  in  its  immediate 
vicinity.  The  platform,  or  pathway,  sustained  by  chains  passing  over  piers,  formed  three 
reverted  arches,  the  central  arch  being  676  feet  in  span,  and  the  lateral  arches  333  feet 
each.  The  towers  on  the  piers  which  sustained  the  middle  arch  rose  to  the  height  of  about 
80  feet  above  high-water  mark.  The  entii-e  length  between  the  abutments  in  which  the 
end  chains  were  strongly  embedded  Avas  1,352  feet,  and  its  breadth  14  feet.  The  towers 
were  of  brick,  designed  in  what  has  been  termed  the  Italian  style  of  architecture.  Through 
these  passed  four  series  of  broad  chains,  two  on  each  side  of  the  platform.  This  bridge  was 
first  opened  to  the  public  on  May  Day,  1845,  without  any  particular  ceremony.  The  toll 
for  crossing  it  was  a  halfpenny.  In  the  same  year  a  new  Act  of  Parliament  was  obtained 
to  amend  their  former  Acts,  &c.,  and  alter  the  company's  name  to  that  of  the  "  Charing 
Cross  Bridge  Company." 

On  the  formation  of  the  West-end  terminus  of  the  South-Eastern  Eailway  at  Charing 
Cross  in  1863,  the  suspension  bridge  was  superseded  by  the  present  railway  bridge,  and 
removed  to  Clifton,  near  Bristol,  where  it  now  spans  the  Avon.  The  railway  bridge 
consists  of  nine  spans,  or  openings,  and  is  supported  by  cylinders  sunk  into  the  bed  of  the 
river,  and  also  by  the  piers  and  abutments  of  the  old  suspension  bridge,  which  were  left 

tlie  Prince  Eegent,  -witli  tlie  Duke  of  York  on  liLs  riglxt  and  the  Duke  of  Wellington  on  his  left,  in  the  uniform  of  field- 
marshals,  and  accompanied  by  a  train  of  noblemen,  ministers,  and  members  of  both  Houses  of  Parliament.  On  reaching 
the  Middlesex  side  of  the  bridge  the  company  le-embarked  and  returned  to  Whitehall. 


LAMBETH.  127 

staudiug.  Besides  carrying  the  lines  of  raU-vvay,  this  bridge  has  on  each  side  a  footpatli 
for  passengers,  who  pass  over  for  a  halfpenny  toll. 

In  17S5  the  Lambeth  Water  "Works  were  established  "  on  part  of  the  Belvidere 
wharf,"  *  under  the  provisions  of  an  Act  of  Parliament  granted  to  a  company  of  share- 
holders (25  George  III.  cap.  89),  for  making  "  Water-works  on  the  Narrow  WaU, 
Lambeth,  to  supply  Lambeth  and  parts  adjacent  with  water  taken  from  the  Thames." 
The  water  was  at  first  di-awu  from  the  borders  of  the  stream,  but  its  foulness  having 
occasioned  much  complaint,  the  company  subsequently  obtained  leave  from  the  City  of 
London  (as  Conservators  of  the  Thames)  to  procure  their  supply  from  the  central  part  of 
the  river.  This  was  done  by  means  of  a  conduit  pipe,  or  tunnel,  of  cast  iron,  42  inches  in 
diameter,  through  which  the  water  flowed  at  all  times  of  the  tide  into  a  well  in  the 
company's  premises  ou  the  shore,  from  which  formerly  it  was  forced  by  steam-engines 
into  the  service  pipes.  Still  further  to  improve  the  quality  of  the  water,  the  company 
in  1834  obtained  another  Act  of  Parliament,  to  enable  them  to  purchase  land  for 
constructing  reservoirs  for  filtration,  &c.  This  they  did  on  Brixton  Hill  and  Streatham, 
and  by  mains  laid  from  I^arrow  Wall  the  water  was  forced  by  engine-power  into  the 
reservoirs. 

In  1848  an  Act  of  Parliament  was  passed,  enabling  the  Lambeth  Water  Works 
Company  to  abandon  their  source  of  supply  from  the  Thames  at  this  point,  and  to  take 
water  from  the  pure  stream  of  the  river  at  Ditton,  some  twenty-three  miles  higher  up  the 
river,  and  far  beyond  the  reach  of  the  tide. 

Narrow  Wall  (now  the  Belvidere  Eoad)  was  an  ancient  embankment  and  trackway 
running  parallel  with  the  Thames,  and  so  called  to  distinguish  it  from  Broadwall,  another 
embankment  extending  southwards  from  the  river,  and  separating  the  parish  of  Chiist 
Church  from  Lambeth  Marsh.  Narrow  Wall,  Yine  Street,  and  Cornwall  Eoad  are  all 
noticed  in  views  of  London  delineated  in  Queen  Elizabeth's  reign,  but  no  houses  seem 
connected  with  either  avenue,  except  a  few  in  and  about  Vine  Street.  The  lower  part  of 
this  street,  in  which  are  several  very  old  and  ruinous  wooden  houses,  is  now  from  8  to  10 
feet  below  the  level  of  the  adjacent  streets,  the  ground  having  been  greatly  rai.sed  in  all 
this  part  of  the  Marsh. 

*  Tliis  wharf  derived  its  name  from  the  Belvidere  House  and  Gardens,  a  place  of  public  entertainraent  ^\hich 
occupied  this  spot  in  Queen  Anne's  reign,  and  would  seem  from  its  situation  to  have  been  immediately  adjacent  to  Caper's 
Garden  (see  ante,  pp.  78-9),  the  site  of  which  is  now  crossed  by  the  Waterloo  Road.  Dr.  Rawlinson,  in  his  additions  to 
Aubrey,  imagines  the  Belvidere  Gardens,  which  (writing  about  1719)  he  mentions  as  "lately  sold  by  Mr.  England  to 
Mr.  Theobald,"  to  have  been  the  site  of  a  celebrated  saw-mill  erected  during  the  supremacy  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  and  with 
the  contrivance  of  which  the  Protector  was  so  well  pleased,  that  notwithstanding  the  clamours  and  objections  of  workmen, 
surveyors,  &c.,  he  had  it  confirmed  by  an  Act  of  Parliament.     (Aubrey's  "  Surrey,"  voh  v.  pp.  277,  278.) 


128  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

Near  King's  Arms  Stairs,  at  Ifarrow  Wall,  extensive  premises  were  occupied  during  a 
period  of  almost  sixty  years  by  Coade  and  Seeley's  manufactory  of  burnt  artificial  stone 
(or  terra-cotta),  said  to  liaA'e  originated  with  tlie  elder  Bacon,  an  eminent  sculptor,  but 
first  established  on  this  spot  by  Mrs.  Coade  in  17G9.*  It  afterwards  became  widely 
celebrated,  much  of  the  statuarj',  &c.,  being  executed  from  Bacon's  models  and  designs. 
About  1827  the  manufacture  was  removed  to  the  neighbourhood  of  Tottenham  Court 
Road. 

Stamford  Street  IjNiTArjAN  Chapel  is  a  capacious  building.  Its  front  consists  of  an 
extended  classical  portico  of  the  Doric  order,  exhibiting  six  massive  columns,  fluted, 
supporting  an  entablature  and  pediment. 

In  Stamford  Street  are  the  Schools  of  the  Benevolent  Society  of  St.  Pateick,  an 
institution  commenced  in  1784,  and  remodelled  in  1786,  when  it  was  resolved  that  the 
objects  of  the  society  should  be  restricted  to  the  establishment  of  schools  in  and  near 
London,  for  the  education  of  poor  children  born  of  Irish  parents  in  and  near  the  metro- 
polis. Shortly  afterwards,  the  surviving  members  of  the  Irish  Charitable  Society, 
originally  established  in  1704,  but  which  had  been  long  in  abeyance,  proposed  to  add  their 
stock,  about  ^£1,090,  to  the  funds  of  the  Benevolent  Society,  on  the  condition  that  the 
relief  bestowed  should  always  be  conferred  without  regard  to  the  particular  religious  tenets 
of  the  objects  of  their  benevolence,  and  their  proposal  was  readily  agreed  to.  This 
society  has  been  extensively  patronised.  Its  funded  property  in  1846  amounted  to 
£30,600  3  per  cents.,  towards  which  £3,780  had  been  contributed  by  George  IV., 
£890  by  William  IV.,  £320  by  the  late  Queen-Dowager  Adelaide,  and  £825  by  her 
Majesty  Queen  Victoria,  under  whose  patronage  the  society  is  now  supported.  Its  present 
annual  income  is  about  £2,000. 

During  many  years  the  childi'en  were  jjlaced  in  difi'ercnt  schools  throughout  the 
metropolis,  but  in  1815  the  funds  became  suflicient  to  enable  the  committee  to  erect  the 
present  building.  It  consists  of  a  central  division,  including  committee-rooms  and  other 
apartments,  and  two  low  wings  containing  separate  schoolrooms  for  the  boys  and  girls. 
The  general  management  of  the  society  is  vested  in  a  president,  vice-presidents,  a  treasurer, 
and  other  officers. 

In  York  Eoad  is  the  General  Lying-in  Hospital  (formerly  the  Westminster  Hospital), 
a  most  beneficent  institution,  deriving  its  origin  from  the  meritorious  exertions  of  Dr.  John 

*  The  noble  monument  of  the  Earl  of  Chatham  in  Westminster  Abbey  was  one  of  the  productions  of  Bacon.  He 
died  in  1799,  and  in  a  brief  memoir  of  liis  life  published  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  that  year  (vol.  Ixix.  p.  808)  ia 
this  statement : — "  It  was  during  Mr.  B.'s  apprenticeship  that  he  formed  a  design  of  maMng  Statues  in  artificial  stone, 
which  he  afterwards  perfected." 


LAMBETH.  119 

Leako,  an  eminent  physician  and  practitioner  in  midwifery.  In  17G5  he  pnrcliased  some 
gronnd  in  the  Westminster  Bridge  Eoad,  where  the  Hospital  was  first  built ;  and  when  the 
building  was  raised  he  generously  assigned  over  his  interest  to  the  governors  for  the 
benefit  of  the  charity.  This  institution  was  incorporated  in  1830,  about  wliich  tiiiio  the 
present  structure  Avas  erected.  It  is  a  handsome,  spacious,  and  well-built  edifice,  exhiltitiug 
in  the  centre  of  the  principal  front  a  recessed  portico  of  four  columns  of  the  Ionic  order, 
approached  by  a  flight  of  steps,  and  forming  the  main  entrance.  In-patients  are  received 
from  all  parts  of  the  kingdom,  chiefly  the  wives  of  industrious  artisans  and  of  poor 
soldiers  and  seamen ;  even  necessitous  single  women  who  can  produce  satisfactory  testi- 
monials of  general  good  conduct,  and  appear  to  be  real  objects  of  commiseration,  are 
admitted  here,  but  this  indulgence  is  in  every  case  restricted  to  the  first  off'spring  of 
misconduct.  The  delivery  of  married  women  (with  professional  advice  and  medicine),  as 
out-patients,  at  their  own  habitations  in  the  metropolis  and  its  environs,  forms  a  branch 
of  this  charity. 

The  ToRK  EoAD  Congregational  CnAPEL  is  a  neat  edifice  of  brick,  designed  in  the 
lancet  style,  but  with  duplicated  windows.  In  front  is  a  recessed  entrance,  and  below  the 
chapel  are  schools  both  for  boys  and  girls. 

All  Saints'  Church,  York  Street. — Though  chiefly  designed  in  the  iinglo-lS'orman 
style.  All  Saints'  displays  much  originality  in  arrangements  and  decoration,  and  was  built 
at  the  cost  of  £G,400,  Mr.  William  Eogers  being  the  architect.  The  fii-st  stone  was  laid 
in  1844,  and  the  building  was  finished  in  1845. 

The  principal  entrance  was  originally  in  the  main  thoroughfare  known  as  Lower 
Marsh,  This  entrance  opened  into  a  long  corridor  from  a  recessed  arch,  decorated  with 
zigzag  and  other  mouldings,  wrought  in  the  basement  story  of  a  well-proportioned 
campanile  tower  of  thi-ee  stories,  80  feet  in  height,  surmounted  by  a  slender  spire.  The 
doorway  in  the  lower  story  and  the  headings  and  decorations  of  the  middle  and  upper 
stories  are  semicircular :  the  upper  story  is  finished  by  a  pierced  parapet,  with  ornamental 
pinnacles  at  the  angles.  The  body  of  the  church,  which  is  of  brick,  stands  some  yards 
back,  behind  the  houses,  and  the  entrance  is  now  in  York  Street,  The  interior  consists  of 
nave  and  aisles,  terminated  by  a  recessed  angular  chancel.  The  nave  is  on  each  side 
separated  from  the  aisles  by  five  lofty  iron  columns,  cast  to  resemble  the  clustered  shafts 
of  the  lancet  style  :  from  these  spring  semicircular  stilted  arches,  enriched  with  ornaments 
of  an  arabesque  character.     The  roof  is  of  timber  framework,  stained  to  resemble  oak. 

On  each  side  of  the  church,  in  the  lower  part,  are  eight  long  semicii-cular-headed 
windows :    a  similar  number  are  in  the  clerestory.     At  the  west  end  is  a  handsome  rose 

VOL.   III.  S 


130  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

window,  and  beneath  it  a  range  of  narrow  apertures  wliicli  admit  light  to  that  part  ol'  the 
nave.  The  recess  forming  the  chancel  is  lighted,  in  a  subdued  but  harmonious  tone,  by  a 
semi-dome  skylight  filled  with  stained  glass. 

Attached  to  the  church  in  York  Street  are  All  Saints'  National  and  Infant  Schools, 
which  were  opened  in  1854. 

The  last  remains  of  a  large  old  mansion  traditionally  called  Bishop  Bonner's  House, 
which  stood  at  a  little  distance  from  the  Marsh  Gate,  and  part  of  which  had  been  occupied 
as  a  boarding  school,  -were  taken  down  in  1823.  There  is  no  certain  proof,  however,  that 
it  had  ever  been  inhabited  by  Bonner,  though  in  support  of  the  tradition  a  passage  has 
been  cited  from  Strype's  "  Memorials  of  Archbishop  Cranmer,"  stating  that  on  March  24th, 
1637-8,  Henry  Holbeach  was  consecrated  Suffragan  Bishop  of  Bristol,  "in  the  Bishop  of 
London's  Chapel,  in  the  said  bishop's  house,  situate  in  Lambeth  Marsh."  But  in  this 
instance  Strypo  was  in  error,  and,  as  he  afterwards  acknowledged,  had  inadvertently 
written  London  instead  of  Kochester,  the  ordination  having  really  taken  place  at  La  Place, 
the  house  of  John  Hilsey,  Bishop  of  Eochester,  near  Lambeth  Palace.  The  Bishops  of 
London  never  had  a  residence  at  Lambeth.* 

The  Eoyal  Coboueg,  now  the  Victoria,  Theatre. — This  capacious  structure,  which 
stands  at  the  south  intersection  of  the  Waterloo  Bridge  Koad  with  the  New  Cut,  had  its 
origin  from  a  disagreement  between  Thomas  "West,  Esq.,  the  ground  landlord  of  the  Eoyal 
Circus  (now  the  Surrey  Theatre)  and  Messrs.  Jones  and  Dunn,  the  leaseholders  of  that 
establishment,  the  latter  deeming  it  more  advantageous  to  erect  a  new  theatre  than  to  pay 
an  exorbitant  rent  as  yearly  tenants.  Fixing,  therefore,  upon  the  site  of  the  present 
building,  then  an  open  field,  and  being  joined  by  Mr.  Serres,  jun.  (son  of  Dominic  Serres, 
an  eminent  marine  painter),  they  obtained,  by  his  interest,  the  patronage  of  the  late 
Princess  Charlotte  of  Wales  and  her  consort  Leopold,  Prince  of  Saxe  Cobourg,  and  the 

*  Vide.  Denne's  "Addenda,"  &c.  in  "Bibl.  Topograpliia  Britannic;)/'  No.  V.  p.  2-i4,  and  "Wharton's  "Observations" 
on  Strype's  "  Memorials,"  attached  to  the  Oxford  edition  printed  in  1812,  vol.  ii.  p.  1047.  The  Lambeth  residence  of  the 
Bishopa  of  Eochester,  originally  called  La  Place,  and  afterwards  Carlisle  House,  from  its  change  of  o-svnershiij,  has  been 
noticed  in  page  80.  In  the  "  Life  and  Death  of  Bishop  Fisher,"  ■svritten  by  Dr.  Eichard  Hall  in  Queen  Elizabeth's 
reign,  but  not  p\iblished  until  1653,  a  somewhat  different  account  is  related  from  that  given  by  Stow  of  the  execrable 
attempt  made  to  poison  Bishop  Fisher  at  La  Place  (see  p.  80),  viz. : — "  The  Bishop  escaped  a  very  great  danger :  for  one 
R.  Eose  came  into  the  Bishop's  Kitchen  (being  acquainted  with  the  Cook)  at  his  House  in  Lambeth  Marsh,  and  having 
provided  a  quantity  of  deadly  poyson,  whiles  the  Cook  went  into  the  Buterie  to  fetch  him  some  drink,  he  took  his  oppor- 
tunity to  throw  that  poyson  into  a  mess  of  gruell,  prepared  for  the  Bishop's  dinner ;  and  after  he  had  stayed  there  awhile, 
went  his  way  :  but  so  it  liappened  that,  when  the  Bishop  was  called  unto  his  dinner,  he  had  no  appetite  to  any  meat,  but 
wished  his  servants  to  fall  to,  and  be  of  good  chear,  and  that  he  would  not  eat  till  towards  night.  The  servants  being  set 
to  dinner,  they  that  did  eat  of  the  poysoned  dish  were  miserably  infected,  wliereof  one  gentleman,  named  Bennot  Cawen, 
and  an  old  widow,  died  sodainly,  and  the  rest  never  recovered  their  health  till  their  dying  day.  The  person  that  did  this 
wicked  deed  was  afterwards  for  that  ofifence,  boyled  alive  in  Smithfield,  in  the  22d  y  of  K.  Henry's  reign." — Life,  etc., 
of  Bishop  Fisher,  p.  101. 


first  stone  was  laid  by  their  proxj-,  Mr.  Aldormau  Goodbclierc,  in  October,  ISIG.  The 
ground,  T\'hieh  is  copyhold,  is  held  of  the  manor  of  Lambeth  (though  not  immediately  of 
the  lord)  at  a  yearly  rent  of  £80.  On  account  of  the  s^yampy  condition  of  this  spot,  it 
being  directly  adjacent  to  one  of  the  largo  and  ancient  ditches  made  for  the  drainage  of 
Lambeth  Marsh,  a  great  part  of  the  stone  materials  of  the  old  Savoy  Palace,  in  the  Strand 
(then  undergoing  demolition),  was  used  in  securing  the  foundations.  The  designs  for  this 
theatre  were  fui'nished  by  Cabanel,  a  native  of  Liege,  and  it  was  first  regularly  oldened  on 
Whit-Monday,  1818.  This  is  a  well-built,  uniform  edifice,  but  has  no  pretensions 
exteriorly  to  architectural  distinction.  The  auditorium,  which  is  nearly  of  a  semicircular 
figure,  rises  to  a  height  of  about  50  feet,  aud  is  capable  of  holding  2,800  persons.  This 
theatre  is  now  styled  the  Eoyal  Yictoria  Theatre.  The  interior  has  been  recently  entirely 
remodelled  and  handsomely  decorated  in  the  Italian  style. 

In  Oakley  Street,  at  the  Oakley  Arms,  on  ISTovember  IGth,  1802,  Colonel  Edward 
Marcus  Despard  and  thirty-two  other  persons  Avere  ajjprchendcd  on  a  charge  of  treason- 
able conspii-acy  against  the  King  and  the  Government.  In  the  February  following  the 
Colonel  and  his  associates  were  tried  by  a  special  commission  at  the  Surrey  Sessions 
House,  and,  being  all  found  guilty,  seven  of  them,  including  Despard,  were  executed 
on  the  21st  at  Horsemonger  Lane  Gaol. 

Several  other  places  of  amusement,  besides  those  already  described,  existed  at  different 
times  in  this  neighbourhood.  Of  these,  the  Temple  of  Flora,  situated  near  the  middle  of 
Mount  Eow,  and  the  Apollo  Gardens,  near  the  junction  of  the  Kenningtou  and  Westminster 
Bridge  Eoads,  were  opened  for  music,  dancing,  &c.,  about  1788 ;  but,  like  the  Dog  and 
Duck  in  St.  George's  Fields,  they  were  ultimately  suppressed  by  the  magistracy,  in 
consequence  of  the  loose  and  profligate  purposes  for  which  they  Avere  frequented.  Another 
and  much  older  place  of  entertainment,  called  Lambeth  Wells,  in  Tkree  Coney  Walk 
(noAY  Lambeth  Walk),  Avas  in  existence  in  King  William's  reign,  and  had  possibly  been 
opened  at  an  earlier  period.  It  Avas  in  repute  for  its  mineral  waters,  Avhich  were  drawn 
from  two  wells,  and  sold  at  a  penny  per  quart,  "  being  the  same  price  paid  by  St.  Thomas's 
Hospital."*  Here,  about  the  middle  of  the  last  century,  a  musical  society,  under  the 
direction  of  Mr.  Sterling  GoodAvin,  organist  of  St.  Saviour's,  Southwark,  held  its  meetings, 
and  lectures  were  read  and  experiments  exhibited  on  Natural  Philosophy  by  Mr.  Erasmus 
King,  formerly  coachman  to  Dr.  Desaguliers.  Afterwards,  having  been  deprived  of  a 
license,  the  dancing-room  was  let  to  a  Methodist  preacher,  who  used  the  music  gallery  for 
a  pulpit.     Within  memory,  however,  it  continued  open  as  a  tea  garden,  but  the  attached 

*  See  advertisement  in  the  Postman  of  March  28th,  1700. 

s  2 


132  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

premises  have  been  since  either  built  on  or  converted  to  other  pm-poses.     The  dwelling- 
house,  also  rebuilt,  has  been  known  for  many  years  by  the  sign  of  the  Fountaia. 

Lambeth  was  first  constituted  a  borough,  and  empowered  to  return  two  representatives 
to  the  House  of  Commons,  by  the  first  Eeform  Act,  passed  in  June,  1832,  and  its 
boundaries  were  settled  by  another  Act  (2  &  3  William  lY.  cap.  64),  which  received  the 
royal  assent  in  the  following  month.* 

Memhers  of  Parliament  for  the  Borough  of  Lambeth  from  1832  : — 
f         Right  Hon.  Charles  Tennyson. 
(         Benjamin  Hawes,  Esq. 
1835.  The  Same.     (In  July,  1835,  Mr.  Tennyson  olitained  the  royal  license  to 

assume  the  surname  of  D'Etncourt,  piirsuant  to  his  father's  will.) 


1837. 

The  Same. 

1841, 

The  Same. 

1847. 

\         Right  Hon.  Charles  Tenntson-D'Eyncourt. 
[         Charles  Pearson,  Esq. 

1852. 

I          William  Arthur  Wilkinson,  Esq. 

(         William  Williams,  Esq. 

1857. 

f         William  Williams,  Esq. 

\          William  Roupell,  Esq. 

1859. 

The  Same. 

18G2. 

On  retirement  of  Mr.  Roupell,  Frederick  Doulton,  Esq.,  was  elected. 

1865. 

i         Frederick  Doulton,  Esq. 

(         Thomas  Hughes,  Esq. 

1868. 

{         Sir  James  Clarke  Lawrence,  Bart. 
(         "William  M' Arthur,  Esq. 

1874. 

The  Same. 

KEWINGTON,  OR  NEWINGTON  BUTTS. 
This  parish,  which  forms  a  portion  of  the  vast  suburbs  of  London  south  of  the  Thames, 
adjoins  the  parish  of  St.  George,  Southwark,  on  the  north  and  east,  Camberwell  on  the 
south,  and  Lambeth  on  the  west.  Walworth  (described  as  a  manor  in  the  Doomsday 
Book)  was  probably,  in  the  middle  of  the  eleventh  century,  the  only  inhabited  part  of  this 
parish,  of  which  it  has  since  become  a  hamlet.  A  church  at  Walworth  is  mentioned  in  the 
jSTorman  survey,  and  Mr.  Lysons  says,  "  It  seems  probable  that  at  the  rebuilding  of  that 
church  upon  a  new  site  it  was  surrounded  M'ith  houses,  which  obtained  the  appellation  of 
ISTeweton,  as  it  is  called  in  all  the  most  aucicnt  records :  it  was  afterwards  spelt  Newenton, 
and  Newington."  f 

*  In  the  last  Act  the  boundaries  are  thus  described : — "  The  Parish  of  St.  Mary  Newington,  the  Parish  of  St.  Giles 
Camberwell,  except  the  Manor  and  Hamlet  of  Dulwich,  and  also  such  Part  of  the  Parish  of  Lambeth  as  is  situate  to  the 
Korth  of  the  Line  herein-after  described,  including  the  Extra-parocliial  Space  encompassed  by  such  Part :— From  the 
Point  at  which  the  Road  from  London  to  Dulwich  leaves  the  Road  from  London  over  Heme  Hill  in  a  straight  Line  to 
St.  Matthew's  Church  at  Brixton ;  thence  in  a  straight  Line  to  a  Point  in  the  Boundary  between  the  respective  Parishes 
of  Lambeth  and  Clapham  150  Yards  South  of  the  Middle  of  the  Carriage-way  along  Acre  Lane." 

+  "  Environs,"  vol.  i.  p.  389. 


NEWIXGTOX.  ,33 

This  place  JouLtloss  derived  its  distinctive  appellation  from  the  Eutts  placed  lierc 
for  the  convenience  of  the  people,  that  Ihey  might  exercise  themselves  in  archery. 
It  is  stated  that  the  earliest  record  in  Avhich  the  name  Xe-\vington  Pmtts  has  been 
noticed  is  the  Picgistcr  of  Archbishop  Pole  at  Lambeth  Talaco,  imder  the  date  1558. 
Eutts  for  bowmen  to  shoot  at  for  practice  were  ordered  by  royal  authority  to  be  set 
up  in  the  fields  near  Loudon  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIIL,  and  both  James  I.  and 
Charles  I.  issued  directions  that  the  butts  destroyed  in  consequence  of  enclosures  should 
be  restored.* 

Stow  mentions  this  place  as  the  scene  of  one  of  the  religious  tragedies  which  disgraced 
the  reign  of  lEeury  Till.,  while  the  Church  was  under  the  government  of  Archbishop 
Cranmer: — "The  2nth  of  Aprill,  1540,  one  named  ]Maundeucld,  another  named  Colons, 
and  one  other,  were  examined  in  S.  Margarets  church,  and  were  condemned  for 
Anabaptists,  and  were  on  the  3.  of  May  brent  in  the  high  way,  beyond  Southwa'rk, 
towards  Ncwenton."  t 

The  only  manor  in  this  parish  is  that  of  AValworth.  Edmund  Ironside  gave  it  to 
Ilitard,  his  jester,  who,  in  the  reign  of  Edward  the  Confessor,  being  desirous  to  visit  the 
"  threshold  of  the  apostles  "  at  Rome,  went  to  the  Church  of  Christ  at  Canterbury,  and,  with 
the  consent  of  the  King,  gave  the  vill  of  Walworth  to  that  church. :J:  The  following 
account  appears  in  the  Doomsday  Book : — 

"  Baiuiard  holds  of  the  Archbishop  [of  Canterbury]  "Walcorde,  which  in  the  time  of 
King  Edward  was  appropriated  for  the  clothing  of  the  monks.  It  was  then  assessed  at 
5  hides :  now  at  3i  hides.  The  arable  land  amounts  to  3  carucatcs.  One  carucatc  is  in 
demesne ;  and  there  are  fourteen  villains,  and  five  bordars,  with  3  carucates.  There  is  a 
church ;  and  there  are  8  acres  of  meadow.  In  the  time  of  King  Edward,  it  was  valued 
at  30s.,  afterwards  at  20s.,  and  now  at  GOs." 

In  1317  the  moulvs  of  Christ  Church  had  a  grant  of  free-warren  in  their  manor  of 
Walworth.  In  the  reigns  of  Edward  III.,  Eichard  II.,  and  subsequently,  the  manor  was 
held  by  persons  of  a  family  whose  name  was  derived  from  this  place.  Jlargaret  de 
Walworth  is  mentioned  as  lady  of  the  manor  in  a  Ecgister  of  William  of  Wykeham, 
Bishop  of  Winchester,  in  139C;  and  Sir  George  Walworth  died  seized  of  it  in  1474. § 
But  these  persons,  and  others  said  to  have  held  the  manor,  were  probably  lessees  under 
the  ecclesiastical  lords  of  the  fee.  Uenry  VIII.  in  1540,  having  suppressed  the 
monastery  of  Christ  Church,  established  a  dean  and  twelve  prebendaries  in  the  room  of 

*  Lysons,  "  Environs,"  vol.  i  p.  389.  t  Clironicle,  p.  974. 

X  Dugdale,  "  Monasticon  Anglicanuni,''  vol.  i.  p.  07.  §  Escheats,  13  Edw.  IV.  No.  47. 


,3+  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

the  prior  and  monks,  and  bestowed  on  tliem  this  and  other  estates,  which  still  belong  to 
the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Canterbury. 

In  the  Taluation  of  Church  property  in  26  Henry  YIII.  the  manor  of  Walworth  is 
rated  among  the  estates  of  Christ  Chiu-ch,  Canterbury,  at  £37  8s.  It  appears  from  the 
Testa  de  Nevill  that  in  the  reign  of  Henry  III.  the  Queen's  goldsmith  held  of  the  King, 
in  capite^  1  acre  of  land  in  Niweton  by  the  service  of  rendering  a  gallon  of  honey. 

The  Advowsox.— It  is  stated  in  the  record  just  cited  that  Eoger  de  Sussex  held  the 
church  of  Niwetun,  valued  at  8  marks,  of  the  gift  of  Stephen,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 
The  patronage  was  afterwards  vested  in  the  Earls  of  Pembroke,  of  the  family  of  Valence, 
probably  by  grant  of  the  prior  and  convent.  Henry  YIII.  obtaiued  the  advowson  from 
Archbishop  Cranmer  in  exchange  for  other  property,  and  shortly  before  his  death  gave 
it  to  the  Bishop  of  Worcester,  who  had  a  confirmation  of  the  grant  from  Edward  YI. 
It  has  ever  since  been  vested  in  the  bishops  of  that  see.  The  benefice  is  a  rectory,  in 
the  peculiar  jurisdiction  of  the  Archbishops  of  Canterbury,  valued  in  the  Taxation  of 
Pope  Nicholas  at  22  marks,  and  in  the  King's  books  at  £16. 

Rectors  of  Newington  Butts  in  and  since  1800  : — 

1. —  Charles  de  GuiffanUerc,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1793. 
2. — Samuel  Picart,  M.A,     Instituted  in  1810. 
Z.— Arthur  Cyril  Onsloiv,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1812. 
4. —  William  Dalri/mple  Maclagan.    Instituted  in  1869. 
5. —  George  Thomas  Palmer,  M.A.    Instituted  in  1875. 

Independently  of  the  parish  chiu'ch,  dedicated  to  St.  Mary,  there  are  now  several 
others,  besides  numerous  chapels  for  different  classes  of  Dissenters. 

The  old  Church  or  St.  Maey's  was  built  between  1791  and  1793,  in  place  of  a  much 
earlier  but  smaller  structure,  of  the  origin  of  which  we  have  no  account.  The  expense  of 
building,  about  £3,500,  was  defrayed  by  a  rate  levied  for  thi-ee  years  on  the  parishioners. 
It  was  a  plain  edifice  of  brick,  and  had  a  low  tower  at  the  west  end,  sui'mounted  by  a 
cupola  and  bell  turret. 

This  edifice  was  demolished  and  the  building  materials  sold  in  1870,  and  it  is  a 
somewhat  strange  fact  that  scarcely  any  trace  of  the  former  churches  which  here  stood  from 
pre-Norman  times  could  be  discovered.  The  site  of  the  old  church  is  now  marked  by  a 
lofty  stone  clock  tower,  designed  by  Mr.  Jarvis,  and  erected  by  the  munificent  liberality 
of  E.  S.  Paulconer,  Esq.,  who  for  some  years  filled  the  office  of  churchwarden. 

The  new  church,  which  is  a  very  spacious  structure,  is  on  the  east  side  of  Kenniugton 


NEWIiXGTO.Y.  ,35 

Park  Eoad :  it  is  from  a  design  of  Mr,  James  Fowler,  of  Louth.  It  is  of  early  English 
character,  and,  when  the  square  tower  is  completed,  will  he  of  imjiosing  aspect.  The 
interior  is  very  plain  and  massive,  the  chief  enrichments  consisting  of  painted  glass.  Mr. 
A.  B.  Bryer  was  the  donor  of  the  east  Afindow ;  and  the  west  window  is  a  memorial  to  the 
late  Eichard  Cuming,  Esq.,  a  man  of  vast  learning  and  ability,  who  for  ninety  years  was 
an  inhabitant  of  the  parish.  It  was  a  gift  to  th.e  church  from  bis  son  and  daughter.  Both 
these  windows,  as  well  as  some  on  the  south  side  of  the  church,  arc  the  productions  of 
Mr.  Daniel  Bell.    The  new  church  was  consecrated  by  the  Bishop  of  London  in  1876. 

Although  the  Church  of  St.  Mary  is  removed  for  some  distance  from  its  ancient  site, 
there  has  been  erected  in  one  corner  of  the  old  churchyard  an  inelegant  chapel-like 
building  of  red  brick  dedicated  to  St.  Gabriel. 

The  old  church  contained  several  interesting  monuments :  among  them  one  for  Sir 
Hugh  Brawne,  wlio  "  for  the  space  of  22  years  was  tlie  Avhole  ornament  of  the  parish," 
as  the  inscription  stated.     It  ended  thus  : — • 

Keader,  it  pleas'd  the  Almiglity  to  infuse 

Sence  of  his  goodness  in  my  fleshy  heart ; 
Faith  quicken'd  Love ;  Love  did  his  Church--n-ork  chuse, 

Both  jointly  here  to  shew  ourselves  in  part. 
His  be  tlie  glory ;  Peace  (Soule's  Sabbath)  mine ; 

Prayer,  Thanksgiving,  Use,  Example,  thine. 
1614.     Vivensposui,  Anno  cclatis  77. 

Against  the  east  wall  in  the  chancel  was  a  monument  of  white  marble,  erected  by  the 
late  Bishop  Horsley  in  memory  of  Sarah,  his  second  wife.  It  was  ornamented  with  a 
sculpture  of  an  open  book  lying  upon  a  mitre  and  crosier,  with  a  cross  above  them.  She 
died  in  1805.  The  inscription  recording  her  virtues,  in  Latin,  was  written  by  her  bereaved 
partner.  Beneath,  an  inscription  written  by  the  Eev.  Heneage  Horsley,  M.A.  (the 
Bishop's  son  by  his  first  wife,  and  a  Canon  of  St.  Asaph),  commemorated  the  Bishop 
himself,  who  died  in  1806,  and  was  buried  here  in  the  same  vault  with  his  second  wife. 
On  the  demolition  of  the  old  church  the  Bishop's  remains  were  removed  to  a  vault  in 
Thorley  Chui-ch,  Herts. 

Against  the  same  wall  was  a  monument  of  white  marble,  at  the  upper  part  of  which 
was  an  urn,  with  an  extinguished  torch  and  an  open  book,  thus  inscribed  : — 

1.  Ep.  Pet.  Cap.  ii.  Ver.  17 — Deum  timete,  Eegem  honorate.  Juxta  hoc  marmor  sepultus  est  Rev.  Cauolus 
DE  GoiFFARDiEKE,  A.M.  hujusce  parochiaj  per  sexdecun  annos  Rector.  Amicis  semper  deflendus,  obiit  l""  die 
Januarii,  anno  Domini  MDCCCX""",  Ectatis  suie  LXX"'°. 

On   the   south   wall    was   a  tablet  in   memory  of  Captain  Martin  Waghorn,  of  his 


136 


HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 


Majesty's  royal  navy,  ayL.0  died  in  1787.  He  was  one  of  the  few  jDersous  wlio  escaped 
from  the  Rotjal  George.,  sunk  off  Si)ithead,  June  28th,  1782. 

The  churchyard,  much  enlarged  under  an  Act  of  Parliament  of  George  II.  in  1757, 
and  further  extended  in  1834,  contains  numerous  tombs  and  other  sepulchral  memorials, 
of  which  our  limits  will  not  admit  particulars.* 

The  Eegisters  of  this  parish,  commenced  in  15G1,  but  very  imperfect  until  about  1670, 
include  the  subjoined  instances  of  longevity,  viz.  : — 

Edward  Allen,  aged  107  3'ears  and  upwards,  buried  January  20,  1686. 

Sarah  Wood,  a^ed  101      )       ,      ...      .,,,,,„„ 
„  ,     '    °  5      buried  April  5tli,  1701. 

Mary  Ralf,  aged  100        )  ^  ' 

Christopber  Coward,  aged  102,  buried  December  16,  1703. 

Widow  Jeweller,  aged  106,  buried  August  30,  1706. 

Adjacent  to  the  churchyard  stood  the  parsonage-house,  of  which  Lysons,  writing  in 
1791,  says,  "It  is  built  of  wood,  appears  to  be  very  ancient,  and  is  surrounded  by  a 
moat,  which  has  four  bridges."  f  This  interesting  old  building  was  pulled  dovni  in  1872. 
In  the  course  of  demolition  portions  of  the  original  sixteenth-century  structure  were 
brought  to  light,  notably  the  stonework  of  an  early  Tudor  fireplace.  A  new  and  commo- 
dious rectory,  designed  by  Mr.  Christian,  has  been  built  in  close  proximity  to  the  new 
church  in  Kennington  Park  Eoad.  The  attached  glebe  consisted  of  the  garden  and  two 
small  fields.  Some  adjoining  land,  on  which  Queen's  Head  Eow,  Church  Eow,  Parsonage 
Eow,  &c.,  now  stand,  was  let  on  a  building  lease  for  ninety-nine  years,  under  the  authority 
of  an  Act  of  Parliament  obtained  in  1757  or  1758,  by  the  Eev.  John  Horsley  (Bishop 
Horsley's  father),  who  resigned  this  living  in  the  latter  year  in  favour  of  his  son,  who 
continued  to  hold  it  until  his  promotion  to  the  see  of  Eochester  in  1793. 

At  a  short  distance  from  the  site  of  the  old  church  are  the  United  National  Charitj' 
and  Sunday  Schools,  erected  in  1820  for  the  instruction  of  1,000  children,  and  supported 
by  voluntary  contributions.     They  have  been  rendered  much  more  commodious  within 

*  Among  those  wliicb  in  the  last  century  were  regarded  as  the  most  conspicuous  was  that  of  William  AUen,  son  of 
a  cowkeeper  in  this  parish,  who  was  shot  by  a  soldier  during  the  riots  in  St.  George's  Fields  in  1768,  when  the  celebrated 
Wilkes  was  coniined  for  political  offences  in  the  King's  Bench  Prison.  In  the  inscription  it  is  stated  that  Allen  was 
"  inhumanly  murdered  on  the  lOtli  of  May,  by  Scottish  detachments  from  the  army,"  to  which  are  added  the  impre- 
cation, "  Oh !  Earth,  cover  not  my  Blood,"  and  other  texts  of  Scripture,  expressive  of  the  feelLags  of  the  bereaved  parent 
by  whom  the  memorial  was  erected.  A  soldier  was  subsequently  tried  for  the  alleged  crime,  and  acquitted,  as  it  was  not 
proved  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  jury  that  he  was  the  man  who  fired  at  the  deceased.  The  periodicals  of  the  time  shovv' 
the  strong  indignation  against  the  Government  which  this  unfortunate  occurrence  excited  in  the  public  mind. 

+  "  Environs,"  vol.  i.  p.  394.  From  this  account  of  the  situation  of  the  parsonage,  it  must  be  evident  that  the 
adjacent  ground  was  very  marshy;  and  Stow,  under  the  date  September  30th,  1555,  mentions  that  "by  occasion  of  great 
wind,  and  raine  that  had  fallen,  was  such  great  floods  that  all  the  marshes  on  Lambeth  side  were  so  ovei-flowne  that  the 
people  from  Newington  church  could  not  passe  on  foote,  but  were  caried  by  boate  from  the  said  church  to  the  Pinfold, 
neare  to  St.  George's  in  Southwarke." — Chronicle,  p.  1061,  edit.  1600. 


NEWIXGTOX.  137 

recent  years  by  several  large  class-rooms  and  a  si:)acious  playground,  the  latter  being  a 
portion  of  tbc  garden  of  the  old  rectory.  Board  Schools  have  sprung  up  in  various  parts 
of  the  parish. 

Maitland,  in  his  notices  of  Newington  and  Kotherhithe,  says  that  "  on  the  west  side  of 
Hunt's,  or  the  Fishmongers'  Alms-houses,  is  a  moorish  ground,  with  a  small  water-course 
denominated  the  river  Tygri's,  which  is  part  of  Cnut's  trench ; — the  outtiux  of  which  is  on 
the  cast  side  of  Eotherhithe  parish,  where  the  great  wet-dock  is  situate."  *  In  reference 
to  this  passage  it  may  be  noticed  that  in  1823,  when  the  road  between  the  almshouses  and 
Newington  Church  was  dug  up  for  a  new  sewer,  some  piles  and  posts  were  discovered  with 
rings  for  mooring  barges,  &c. ;  also  a  tin  pot  containing  coins  of  the  reigns  of  Charles  II. 
and  King  William.  An  old  parishioner  named  Fearns,  who  died  at  the  age  of  one 
hundred  and  nine  years,  in  the  early  part  of  the  present  century,  often  said  that  he 
remembered  when  boats  used  to  come  up  as  far  as  the  church  at  Newington. 

The  Drapees'  Almshouses,  in  Cross  Street,  were  founded  by  Mr.  John  Walter,  clerk 
to  the  Drapers'  Company,  for  poor  single  men  and  women.  The  inmates  are  eight  in 
number  :  each  has  a  distinct  apartment.  Another  almshouse,  formerly  in  connection  with 
this  parish,  was  fovmded  by  James  Hulbert,  fishmonger,  for  twenty  poor  men  and  women. 
This  was  imder  the  direction  of  the  Fishmongers'  Company,  and  adjoined  their  own 
almshouses  at  the  corner  of  St.  George's  Eoad.  In  1851  the  Fishmongers'  Almshouses 
were  removed  to  Wandsworth.  On  part  of  the  ground  formerly  occupied  by  the  Fish- 
mongers' Almshouses  now  stands  the  Metropolitan  Taeernacle,  a  large  edifice  erected 
in  1859 — Gl  for  the  congregation  of  Mr.  C.  H.  Spurgeon. 

On  the  south  side  of  Newington  Causeway  were  erected,  in  pm-suancc  of  an  Act  of 
Parliament  passed  in  1791,  from  the  designs  and  under  the  dii'cction  of  Mr.  George  Gwilt, 
the  county  surveyor  and  architect,  the  Hoesemonger  Lane  Gaol  and  Surrey  Sessions 
House.  The  ground,  about  3^  acres,  previously  occupied  as  a  market  garden,  was 
purchased,  together  with  the  lessee's  interest,  for  the  sum  of  £1,350.  The  buildings  were 
completed  and  fitted  up  in  1798  and  1799  at  the  additional  cost  of  £39,742  lis.,  inclusive 
of  the  siuweyor's  charge  of  £2,100  for  plans,  estimates,  and  superintendence.  A  further 
cost  of  £3,000  was  incui-red  in  1809,  when  several  houses  were  purchased  and  pulled 
down,  and  a  handsome  approach  made  from  the  high-road.  This  prison,  which  was 
demolished  in  1878,  was  long  the  place  of  execution  for  criminals  from  Surrey. 

It  was  a  quadrangular  building,  three  stories  in  height  above  the  basement,  the  keeper's 
house  being  in  the  centre  and  overlooking  all  the  yards.    Three  sides  were  appropriated  to 

*  "  London,"  pp.  1388-89,  edit.  1772. 
VOL.   III.  T 


,38  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

the  confinement  of  felons,  and  one  side  for  debtors.  Among  tlie  several  small  benefactions 
enjoyed  by  the  debtors  down  to  tbe  time  of  tbe  abolition  of  imprisonment  for  debt  was  a 
donation  made  to  tbe  old  White  Lion  Prison  in  Southwark  (mentioned  by  Stow)  by 
Mrs.  Margaret  Symcott,  or  Eleanor  Gwynn,  of  sixty-five  penny  loaves,  every  eight  weeks, 
issuing  from  the  Chamberlain's  office.* 

Trinity  Chuech,  Trinity  Square,  near  Blaceman  Street. — This  church,  situated  on 
the  Bermondsey  verge  of  the  parish,  was,  together  with  St.  Peter's,  Walworth,  erected  under 
the  provisions  of  an  Act  of  Parliament  (1  George  IV.  cap.  41)  for  "  Building  two  new 
Churches  or  Chapels  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary,  Newington  Butts,"  which  received  the 
royal  assent  in  1820.  About  fifty  trustees  were  appointed  to  carry  this  statute  into 
execution,  and  the  "  Commissioners  for  Building  and  promoting  the  Building  of  new 
Churches,"  &c.,  imder  the  Acts  of  58  &  59  of  George  III.,  were  empowered  to  divide 
the  parish  into  three  separate  ecclesiastical  districts,  but  reserving  to  the  Archbishops  of 
Canterbury  all  the  rights  and  powers  which  they  had  heretofore  exercised  within  the 
parish  of  Newington.  This  has  since  been  done,  one  district  being  attached  to  the  old 
Church  of  St.  Mary,  and  the  others  assigned  to  the  new  Churches  of  Trinity  and  St.  Peter. 
Trinity  Church  was  erected  from  the  designs  of  Praneis  Bedford,  Esq.,  already 
mentioned  as  the  architect  of  several  churches  in  the  northern  parts  of  Surrey.  The 
ground  was  given  by  the  Corporation  of  the  Trinity  House,  who  possess  considerable 
property  in  the  vicinity,  and  the  first  stone  was  laid  in  1823  by  Archbishop  Sutton. 
In  1824  the  new  chui'ch  was  consecrated  by  the  same  primate.  The  cost  of  building 
was  £13,316,  about  one  moiety  of  which  was  defrayed  by  voluntary  subscriptions,  and 
the  other  by  borrowed  aid  from  the  parliamentary  fund. 

This  edifice,  chiefly  of  brick  with  stone  dressings,  consists  of  a  parallelogram  (about 
110  feet  long  by  60  feet  wide),  forming  the  body  of  the  church,  and  ranging  east  and 
west ;  an  advanced  portico  of  the  Corinthian  order,  with  entrance  vestibules  on  the  north 
side  (a  disposition  rendered  expedient  by  the  near  contiguity  of  the  surrounding  houses) ; 
and  a  steeple  of  three  stages  surmounting  the  roof  behind  the  portico.  This  latter  consists 
of  six  fluted  columns  sustaining  a  plain  entablature  (continued  as  a  finish  around  the 
church)  and  a  pediment.    The  lower  story  of  the  steeple  contains  the  bells  and  clock  dials ; 

*  Manniiig  and  Bray, "  Surrey,"  vol.  iii.  Appendix  XVI.  Sto-w,  in  enumerating  the  prisons  in  Southwark  at  the  close 
of  the  sixteenth  century,  says,  "  Then  is  the  White  Lion,  a  Gaole  so  called,  for  that  the  same  was  a  common  Hostery,  for 
the  receit  of  travellers,  hy  that  signe.  This  house  was  first  used  as  a  Gaole  within  this  three-score  yeeres  last,  siuce  the 
which  time  the  prisoners  were  once  remoued  thence  to  an  house  in  Newtowne  [Newington],  where  they  remained  for  a 
short  time,  and  were  returned  hacke  agaiu  to  the  aforesaid  White  Lyon,  there  to  remain,  as  the  appointed  Gaole  for  the 
County  of  Surrey." — (Survey  of  London,  p.  780,  edit.  1618.)  In  the  following  century  this  gaol  became  too  ruinous  for 
use,  and  the  prisoners  were  transferred  to  the  Marshalsea. 


NEWhYGTO.Y.  ,39 

the  second  story  is  of  the  Doric  order,  with  weather  boarding  in  the  intercolumuiations  ; 
the  third  consists  of  a  square  pedestal  forming  the  plinth,  or  basement,  of  an  octagonal 
turret,  crowned  by  a  ball  and  cross.  On  each  side  the  church  are  two  ranges  of  scgmcnt- 
arehed  windows,  and  at  the  cast  end  are  an  entablature  and  pediment  corresponding  with 
the  northern  front. 

The  interior  affords  accommodation  for  nearly  2,000  persons.  The  galleries  arc  sup- 
ported by  Doric  columns,  and  the  ceiling  is  divided  into  square  compartments  by  inter- 
secting architraves,  the  centre  of  each  being  ornamented  with  an  expanded  flower.  The 
interior  was  redecorated  in  18G7.  Handsome  railings  of  cast  iron  surround  the  church, 
and  in  the  small  adjacent  plantation  is  a  statue  of  Alfred  the  Great. 

All  Saints'  Chitech,  Surrey  Square,  was  built  in  1865  from  the  designs  of  Mr.  Parris, 
and  is  of  Gothic  architectm-e.  It  was  burnt  in  1869,  but  restored  and  consecrated  in 
the  following  year.  St.  Andrew's,  in  Deverell  Street,  New  Kent  Eoad,  is  a  mission 
church.  A  permanent  structure  is  in  coiu'se  of  erection.  The  Church  of  St.  Gabriel,  near 
the  Elephant  and  Castle,  is  a  chapel-of-ease  served  by  the  clergy  of  St.  Mary's.  The 
edifice,  which  was  consecrated  in  1874,  is  of  the  "first  pointed"  style  of  architecture, 
and  was  built  from  the  designs  of  Mr.  Cutts.  St.  Matthew's,  in  the  New  Kent  Eoad, 
was  consecrated  in  1867.  It  is  a  brick  building  of  Gothic  design,  by  Jarvis,  and  contains 
1,100  sittings,  600  of  which  are  free. 

At  a  short  distance  from  the  eastern  side  of  "Walworth  Eoad,  near  Beckford  Place, 
is  St.  Peter's  Church,  a  composition  from  the  classic  orders,  erected  from  the  designs  of 
Sir  John  Soane.  The  fii-st  stone  was  laid  by  Archbishop  Sutton  in  1823,  immediately 
subsequent  to  his  performance  of  the  like  ceremony  at  Trinity  Church,  and  it  was  con- 
secrated by  the  same  primate  in  1825.  The  cost,  including  incidental  expenses,  amounted 
to  £19,126,  about  one-half  of  which  was  raised  by  subscription,  and  the  residue  borrowed 
at  interest  from  the  parliamentary  fimd.  The  body  of  the  church  is  of  brick,  but 
the  steeple  and  architectural  decorations  are  of  stone.  In  the  centre  of  the  west 
front,  flanked  by  two  high-arched  windows,  is  a  recessed  portico,  composed  of  four 
columns  of  the  Eoman-Ionic  order,  suj^porting  an  entablature,  above  which  is  an  orna- 
mental balustrade.  The  steeple,  rising  from  an  elevated  plinth  behind  the  portico,  consists 
of  two  stories :  the  lower  one,  square  in  plan,  is  of  the  Corinthian  order,  and  the  upper- 
most circular,  Avith  a  peristyle  of  eight  composite  columns  surmounted  by  a  dome  and  a 
lofty  gilt  vane.  The  interior  arrangements  are  impressive  in  efi"ect.  The  altar  windows 
are  cm-iched  with  stained  glass.  In  the  middle  window  an  oval  medallion  displays  a  full- 
sized  head  of  our  Saviour  crowned  with  thoi-ns,  and  in  the  side  windows  are  delineated 

t  2 


,40  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

the  Cliarge  of  St.  Peter,  and  the  Angel  delivering  St.  Peter  from  Prison.*  The 
ceiling  is  panelled,  and  ornamented  with  expanded  flowers  and  foliage  in  plastic.  The 
number  of  sittings  is  about  2,000,  of  which  one-foui'th  are  free.  Beneath  the  church  are 
capacious  and  well-ventilated  catacombs. 

All  Souls'  Chtjech,  Grosvenor  Park,  "Walworth,  consecrated  in  1871,  is  of  early- 
English  architecture,  from  the  designs  of  Messrs.  Jarvis.  St.  John's,  in  York  Street, 
is  of  similar  architecture,  and  has  sittings  for  1,000  worshippers.  St.  Mark's,  in  East 
Street,  was  also  built  from  the  designs  of  Messrs.  Jarvis.  It  is  of  English  Gothic  archi- 
tecture, and  was  consecrated  in  1874.  St.  Paul's,  Lorrimore  Square,  is  a  large  handsome 
edifice  of  early  English  architecture.  It  was  consecrated  in  1856,  and  is  noted  for  its 
litualistic  services.  St.  Stephen's,  "Walworth  Common,  was  consecrated  in  1871.  It 
is  of  Italian  Gothic  architecture,  and  contains  sittings  for  800  Avorshippers. 

A  vast  change  has  taken  place  in  Walworth  and  its  neighbourhood.  Walworth 
Common  and  Lock's  Fields  (formerly  a  swamp)  have  been  entirely  covered  with  houses, 
and  at  the  present  time  scarcely  an  acre  of  ground  remains  vacant,  except  the  Surrey- 
Zoological  Gardens.  Various  chapels  have  likewise  been  erected  in  different  situations  for 
Anabaptists,  "Particular"  Baptists,  Independents,  Wesleyans,  &e.  Clayton's  Chapel,  in 
York  Street,  Lock's  Fields,  is  sufficiently  capacious  for  nearly  2,000  persons.  In 
Beresford  Street  also  is  an  Episcopal  chapel,  originally  built  in  1818,  and  affording  accom- 
modation for  about  1,600  persons. 

The  Surrey  Gardens. — These  Gardens  were  established  in  1831,  in  the  early  part 
of  which  year  a  public  meeting  was  held  at  the  Horns  Tavern,  Kenniugton,  for  the  purpose 
of  founding  a  zoological  and  botanical  institution  on  the  general  plan  of  that  in  the  Eegent's 
Park,  by  means  of  a  fund  of  £10,000,  to  be  raised  by  voluntary  donations  and  debentures 
of  £25  each.  This  attempt  was  unsuccessful ;  but  shortly  after,  Mr.  Edward  Cross 
(proprietor  of  the  grand  menagery  long  exhibited  at  Exeter  Change,  and  subsequently  at 
the  King's  Mews),  assisted  by  some  friends,  obtained  a  lease  of  the  demesne  attached  to 
the  manor-house  at  Walworth,  and  in  1831  he  laid  the  first  stone  of  the  conservatory,  or 
principal  building,  and  the  Gardens  were  publicly  opened  in  the  following  month.  The  anni- 
versary of  that  event  was  celebrated  in  1832  by  a  "  Fancy  Fair  and  Fete  Champetre,"  under 
the  patronage  of  Queen  Adelaide  and  many  of  the  chief  nobility,  on  which  occasion  there 
were  upwards  of  10,000  visitors.  The  animals  were  removed  from  the  grounds  several  years 
ago,  and  for  some  time  past  the  place  has  ceased  to  be  used  for  the  purposes  of  entertainment. 

*  The  central  window  was  the  gift  of  —  Firth,  Esq.,  an  inhabitant  of  -W^alworth ;  the  side  -nindows  were  presented 
by  the  architect,  Sir  John  Soane. 


ROTHERHITHE.  14, 

These  Gardens  are  situated  between  tlie  Kennington  and  Walworth  Eoads,  at  the  nearly 
equal  distance  of  one  mile  and  a  quarter  from  the  three  bridges  of  London,  Blackfriars, 
and  Westminster.  They  comprise  an  extent  of  about  15  acres  of  groimd,  together  with  a 
lake  (with  islands,  &c.)  of  about  3  acres,  on  the  borders  of  which,  in  1837,  a  scenic 
representation,  by  Dansen,  was  first  shown  of  "  Mount  Ycsuvius  and  Bay  of  Naples :  " 
soon  after  the  volcano  was  exhibited  in  eruption.  This  was  succeeded  in  1839  by  a  view 
of  "  Iceland  and  its  Yolcanoes,"  including  Mount  Uecla,  &c. ;  in  1841  by  a  pictorial 
model  of  the  "  City  of  Eome  ; "  in  1813  by  the  "Temples  of  Elora,"  in  the  East  Indies; 
in  1844,  by  "  London  in  the  Olden  Time"  (occupying  about  300,000  feet  of  canvas),  and 
as  destroyed  by  the  Great  Fire  of  IGGG  ;  and  in  1845  by  a  delineation,  partly  in  model,  of 
the  "  City  of  Edinburgh."  In  1S4G  the  Yiew  of  Ycsuvius,  &c.,  was  reproduced,  but 
with  much  enlargement  and  improved  effects  in  respect  to  the  eruption. 

The  grounds  were  laid  out  and  plantations  made  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Ilenry 
Phillips  (author  of  the  "Sylva  Elorif era  "),  and  various  buildings,  both  picturesque  and 
otherwise,  were  erected  in  different  situations  for  the  animals  and  birds.  The  principal  of 
these  was  the  conservatory  (so  called),  a  glazed  circular  edifice,  100  feet  in  diameter,  in 
which  the  carnivorous  animals  were  kept.  During  the  last  few  years  of  their  existence 
music  formed  one  of  the  chief  attractions  at  these  Gardens.  In  1851  opon-aii-  concerts  were 
given  in  a  large  covered  orchestra  on  the  margin  of  the  lake.  These  were  conducted  by 
JuUien,  and  proved  very  successful.  Later  on  a  large  music-hall  was  erected,  capable  of 
accommodating  12,000  persons.  This  building  was  used  as  a  temporary  hospital  during 
the  rebuilding  of  St.  Thomas's,  on  its  transference  from  Southwark  to  Lambeth  ;  and  also 
for  a  short  time  for  religious  purposes,  under  Mr.  C.  H.  Spurgeon.  On  the  first  occasion 
of  holding  these  services,  in  October,  185G,  the  crush  was  so  great  that  a  serious  accident 
occm-red,  whereby  seven  persons  lost  theii-  lives. 


EOTHEEHITHE. 

This  parish,  anciently  called  Rdherhith,  probably  derives  its  appellation  from  the  Saxon 
words  redhra,  a  mariner,  and  lujdh,  a  haven ;  that  is,  the  sailor's  harbom-.  The  learned 
antiquary,  William  Baxter,  deduces  the  name  from  the  British  cr-odar,  in  Y'eltfh  >/r-odr, 
signifying  a  boundary,  and  the  Saxon  /i//d//,  this  place  being  situated  at  the  burder-line 
between  Kent  and  Surrey ;  but  that  etymology,  besides  other  objections,  involves  the 
incongruous  intermixture  of  two  distinct  languages.  Eotherhithe,  vulgarly  styled  Rcdriff^ 
is  situated  on  the  southern  bank  of  the  Thames,  and  is  bordered  on  the  east  by  Deptford, 


,^2  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

on  the  west  by  Bermondsey,  and  on  tlie  soutli  partly  by  Bermondsey,  and  in  part  by 
Peckham,  in  CamberwelL 

Eotberhitlie  is  not  mentioned  by  name  in  the  Doomsday  Book,  as  at  tie  time  of  the 
survey  it  was  included  in  the  royal  manor  of  Bermondsey.  At  a  subsequent  period  it 
contained  two  manors.  It  seems  probable  that  Henry  I.  gave  a  part  of  the  land  here  to 
his  natural  son  Eobert,  Earl  of  Gloucester,  whose  grand- daughter  Amicia  and  her 
descendants  ultimately  succeeded  to  his  honours  and  estates.  This  lady  married  Eichard 
de  Clare,  Earl  of  Hertford,  and  her  son  Gilbert,  in  2  Henry  III.,  holding  the  honour  of 
Gloucester  in  right  of  his  mother,  was  afterwards  made  Earl  of  Gloucester.  Gilbert  de 
Clare,  his  grandson,  held  the  manor  of  Eotherhithe  in  46  Henry  III.,  and  Eobert,  Bishop 
of  Bath  and  Wells,  was  his  tenant. 

In  21  Edward  III.  (1348)  William  Bohun  held  half  a  knight's  fee  here  under  the  Earl 
of  Gloucester,  though  it  is  uncertain  how  it  came  into  his  possession.  Manning  says, 
'*  It  was  probably  one  of  those  manors  which  Edward  III.  purchased  for  the  endowment 
of  the  Abbey  of  St.  Mary  de  Gratiis,  on  Tower  Hill ;  and  this  William  Bohun  might  be  a 
feoffee,  in  trust  for  the  conveyance  of  it."  The  estate  certainly  belonged  to  that  abbey, 
the  superior  of  which,  in  21  Eichard  II.,  with  the  King's  permission,  demised  it  in  fee- 
farm  for  ever,  at  a  rent  of  £20  a  year,  to  the  prior  and  convent  of  St.  Mary  Magdalene, 


Henry  I.  having  given,  as  already  mentioned,  a  part  of  the  Crown  lands  at  Eotherhithe 
to  his  son  Eobert,  Earl  of  Gloucester,  granted  the  remainder  to  the  Cluniac  monks  of 
Bermondsey.  Eobert,  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells,  who  held  lands  here  of  the  Earls  of 
Gloucester  in  the  reign  of  Edward  I.,  became  tenant  of  the  monastic  estates  also.f 

Philip  Burnell,  the  Bishop's  nephew  and  heir,  died  in  1294,  leaving  a  son  Edward,  a 
minor,  who  appears  to  have  been  the  ward  of  John  de  Drokenesford,  Xeeper  of  the  Great 
Seal ;  for  in  an  inquisition  taken  after  the  death  of  Gilbert,  Earl  of  Gloucester,  who  fell  in 
the  battle  of  Bannockburn  in  1314,  it  is  stated  that  Drokenesford  had  held  under  him,  as 
of  the  honour  of  Gloucester,  certain  lands  and  tenements  in  Eutherhuth,  of  the  annual 
value  of  100s.,  by  the  service  of  half  a  knight's  fee. 

*  Manning  and  Bray,  "Surrey,"  vol.  i.  p.  218:  from  Patent  Roll,  21  Eichard  II. 

t  From  an  inquisition  taken  shortly  after  the  decease  of  the  Bishop  in  1292,  it  appears  that  he  held  at  Eotherhithe, 
of  the  honour  of  Gloucester,  by  the  service  of  half  a  knight's  fee,  t-svo  messuages,  valued  at  43. ;  52  acres  of  arable  land,  at 
Is.  an  acre ;  and  32  acres  of  meadow  land,  at  3s.  an  acre ;  the  annual  value  amounting  together  to  £1  12s.,  from  which, 
deducting  a  quit-rent  of  2s.  2d.,  he  derived  an  income  of  £7  9s.  lOd.  He  also  held  of  the  Prior  of  Bermondsey  one 
messuage,  value  2s. ;  4  acres  of  arable,  at  4d.  an  acre ;  2  at  Is.  an  acre ;  13  of  meadow,  at  3s.  an  acre ;  and  assized  rents  of 
free  tenants,  ^£1  153. ;  altogether,  ^3  19s.  4d. :  a  quit-rent  of  14s.  Id.  being  deducted,  left  a  clear  income  of  ^3  53.  3d. 
The  entire  estate  of  the  Bishop  here,  forming  the  manor  of  Eotherhithe,  thus  yielded  £10  15s.  Id. 


ROTHERHITHE.  ,^3 

Ed-n-ard  Buruell  died  seized  of  this  estate  in  1315,  without  issue,  and  his  sister  Maud 
■was  his  heir ;  but  Aliva,  her  brother's  widow,  hehl  Eothcrhithc  in  dower.  Maud  Burnell 
married,  fii-st,  John,  Lord  Level,  and  after  his  death  John  do  Ilandlou ;  and  the  estate  of 
Eotherhithe,  with  others  pertaining  to  his  wife's  inheritance,  Avas  sottknl  on  his  second 
son  Nicholas,  a  fine  having  been  levied  in  18  Edward  II.  to  authorise  such  an  arrangement. 
Nicholas  de  Handlou  assumed  the  name  of  his  mother's  family,  and  in  24  Edward  III. 
he  was  summoned  to  Parliament  by  the  title  of  Lord  Burnell.  On  the  death  of 
Aliva,  the  widow  of  his  maternal  uncle,  he  had  livery  of  Eotherhithe  and  other  estates 
which  she  had  held  in  dower:  dying  in  1383,  he  was  succeeded  by  his  son  Ilugh,  Lord 
Burnell.  This  nobleman  was  one  of  the  favourites  and  counsellors  of  Eichard  IL,  and  on 
the  success  of  the  insurrection  of  the  nobility,  headed  by  the  Duke  of  Gloucester,  against 
the  King  and  his  ministers,  in  the  eleventh  year  of  his  reign.  Lord  Burnell  was  banished 
from  the  court.  At  a  later  period  he  was  among  the  opponents  of  his  misguided  sovereign, 
having  been  one  of  the  commissioners  from  the  Parliament  sent  to  the  Tower  to  receive  his 
resignation  of  the  crown,  after  he  had  been  virtually  deposed  by  his  cousin  and  competitor, 
Avho  succeeded  him  as  Ilcnry  IV. 

This  Lord  Bm-nell  died  in  1420,  and  his  son  Edward  having  deceased  before  him, 
leaving  no  male  issue,  the  right  to  the  estates  of  the  Burnell  family  devolved  on  William, 
Lord  Level,  descended  fi-om  Maud  Burnell  by  her  first  husband.  While  Hugh,  Lord 
Biu-nell,  held  the  manor  of  Eotherhithe  (viz.  in  21  Eichard  II. ),  the  Abbot  of  Bermondsey, 
who  held  the  superiority  of  this  estate,  also  obtained  the  usufructuary  propertj'  of  the 
other  portion  of  Eotherhithe  by  lease  from  the  Abbot  of  St.  Mary  de  Gratiis,  as  before 
stated :  thus  the  entire  manor  of  Eotherhithe,  divided  by  Henry  I.,  became  vested  in  the 
monks  of  Bermondsey. 

"William,  Lord  Level,  the  feudal  tenant  of  that  part  of  the  conventual  property  wliich 
had  belonged  to  the  Burnell  family,  died  seized  of  it  in  1454.  His  son  and  successor, 
John,  Lord  Level,  was  an  active  partisan  of  the  house  of  Lancaster,  and  joined  with 
Lord  Scales  in  an  attempt  to  defend  the  Tower  of  London  against  the  Yorkists  in  1460 ; 
but  he  afterwards  submitted  to  the  new  king,  Edward  IV.,  and  was  summoned  to  Parlia- 
ment fi'om  1459  to  1463.  Dying  in  the  latter  year,  he  left  a  son  and  heir,  Francis,  a 
minor.  This  youthful  peer  enjoyed  the  patronage  of  the  Duke  of  Gloucester,  Avhom  he 
attended  on  his  expedition  to  Scotland  in  1482  ;  and  when  the  Duke  ascended  the  throne 
as  Eichard  III.,  Lovel  was  made  Lord  Chamberlain  of  the  Eoyal  Household.  He  fought 
for  the  King  at  Bosworth,  and  after  his  fall  fled  to  Burgundy,  whence  he  retm-ned  to 
England  with  the  German  troops  sent  by  the  Duchess  Margaret  of  York  to  join  in  an 


,44  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

insrirrection  against  Henry  VII.  The  King  attacked  the  Yorkists  at  Stoke-on-Trent, 
June  16th,  1487,  and  gained  a  complete  victory  oyer  them.  The  fate  of  Lord  Level  is 
uncertain.  Holinshed  says  that  he,  the  Earl  of  Lincoln,  and  other  leaders  "  were  slaine 
and  found  dead  in  the  verie  places  whiche  thej-  hadde  chosen  alyve  to  fight  in, — howbeit," 
he  adds,  "  some  aflfirme,  that  the  lord  Lovell  tooke  his  horsse,  and  would  have  fledde  over 
Trente,  but  was  not  able  to  recover  the  further  side  for  the  highnesse  of  the  banke,  and  so 
was  drowned  in  the  river."  But  long  afterwards  circumstances  transpired  which  afford 
grounds  for  believing  that  he  escaped  to  the  family  mansion  at  Minster-Lovcl,  and  was 
there  treacherously  starved  to  death.*' 

Lord  Lovel  Avas  attainted  in  the  first  Parliament  of  Henry  YIL,  and  his  estates  conse- 
quently escheated  to  the  Crown ;  but  his  grandfather,  "William,  Lord  Lovel,  having  settled 
the  remainder  of  this  estate  on  his  younger  son  "William,  who  married  Eleanor,  daughter 
and  heiress  of  Lord  Morley,  his  son  Hemy,  Lord  Morley,  succeeded  to  it  on  the  attainder 
of  his  cousin.  In  1489  he  was  killed  at  the  siege  of  Dixmude,  and,  as  he  left  no  issue,  the 
Eotherhithe  estate  fell  to  the  Zing,  and  it  was  granted  by  Hemy  VIII. ,  in  1515,  to 
Gerard  Danett,  Esq.  But,  on  an  inquisition  taken  at  South wark  in  1516,  it  appeared  that 
the  lands  thus  granted  had  long  been  held  by  the  abbot  and  convent  of  Bermondsey 
of  the  King  and  his  predecessors,  at  the  specified  rent  of  £4  a  year,  and  that  they 
were  so  intermixed  with  those  of  then-  own  former  occupation  that  it  was  impossible  to 
ascertain  their  bounds.  Danett,  therefore,  at  then-  request  (probably  for  a  consideration), 
resigned  his  grant  in  the  July  following,  when  the  monks  obtained  a  conveyance  of  the 
lands  to  themselves,  to  hold  of  the  Crown,  in  frank- almoigne,  for  ever,  on  condition  of 
celebrating  an  obit  on  the  anniversary  of  the  King's  death,  whenever  it  should  happen,  for 
the  souls  of  the  King,  of  Queen  Katherine,  of  his  father  and  mother,  and  of  all  foithful 
people  departed.     This  grant  bore  the  date  of  1516. 

There  is  evidence  from  existing  records  that  the  lands  and  tenements  in  Eotherhithe 
formerly  in  the  tenancy  of  the  Burnells  and  their  representatives  did  not  include  all  the 
land  in  that  parish  belonging  to  the  monks  of  Bermondsey.  "William  de  Blyburgh  held 
under  the  prior  and  convent  one  messuage  and  two  gardens,  with  15  acres  and  1  rood  of 
arable  land,  within  this  manor;  and  in  28  Edward  I.  he  obtained  a  license,  on  a  writ  of 
Ad  quod  Damnum^  to  stop  a  certain  road  adjoining  his  manse,  for  the  purpose  of  enlarging 
the  said  manse,  on  condition  that  he  should  make  another  road  of  the  same  extent,  and 
hold  the  land,  thus  augmented,  of  the  prior  and  convent.  W.  de  Blyburgh  died  in 
6  Edward  II.  seized  of  this  estate,  leaving  Agnes,  the  wife  of  Eichard  Donleghe,  his  next 

*  See  account  of  Ham,  in  Kingston  hundred,  vol.  ii.  p.  277 ;  and  Banks's  "  Extinct  Peerage,"  vol.  ii.  p.  321. 


ROTHERHITHE.  145 

heir.  lu  the  reign  of  Edward  III.,  Eobert  Fitzwaltcr,  Lord  of  Egrcmond,*  held  a  messuage 
in  Eotherliithc  called  the  Moated  Place,  which  in  36  Henry  YIII.  (1544)  was  granted  to 
Eobert  Lawerd,  or  Lord,  to  hold  of  the  King  in  common  socage.  The  grantee  died 
4  Edward  VI.  seized  of  another  messuage  called  Eawleigh's  Place,  but  afterwards  the 
Seven  Houses,  in  the  road  to  Deptford,  and  he  left  a  daughter  and  heii-ess  named  Alice, 
wife  of  Henry  Polsted.f 

Prom  an  inquisition  taken  in  2  Edward  III.  it  appears  that  Bartholomew  de  Padlcs- 
mere  died  "seized  of  lands  and  tenements  in  Eetherhith."  This  baron,  executed  in  1321, 
with  many  other  adherents  of  Thomas,  Earl  of  Lancaster,  probably  obtained  this  estate 
through  his  connection  with  the  Clares,  Earls  of  Gloucester,  for  he  married  Margaret  do 
Clare,  a  descendant  of  that  family. 

In  7  Henry  IV.  it  was  found  on  an  inquisition  that  the  Prior  of  Bermondsey  was  in 
possession  of  22  acres  of  land  and  8  acres  of  meadow  in  Eotherhithe,  called  Brokcshall, 
formerly  parcel  of  the  common  of  the  vill  of  Eotherhithe,  without  the  King's  license.  J 

The  monastery  of  Bermondsey  was  surrendered  to  the  King  in  1538,  when  all  the 
property  belonging  to  it  became  vested  in  the  Crown.  The  manor  of  Eotherhithe  was 
retained  until  the  reign  of  Charles  I.,  by  whom  it  was  granted,  at  the  request  of  Sir  Allen 
Apsley,  and  probably  in  trust  for  him,  to  William  White  and  others.  In  1GG8  James 
Cecil,  Earl  of  Salisbury,  was  lord  of  the  manor,  and  his  son  James,  the  fourth  Earl  of 
Salisbm-y  of  that  family,  held  the  estate  till  1692,  when  it  appears  to  have  been  alienated 
to  John  Bennet,  Esq.,  a  relative  of  the  Countess  of  Salisbury,  and  therefore  he  possibly 
held  it  as  a  trustee.  Manorial  courts  were  held  in  his  name  until  1706,  when  John  JoUey 
and  Benjamin  Morret  were  lords  of  the  manor.  From  1720  to  1739  it  belonged  to  Thos. 
Scawen,  Esq.,  and  from  1740  to  1750  the  name  of  Samuel  Swiason  appears  on  the  court 
rolls ;  but  Manning  says  that  during  part  of  this  interval  Admiral  Sir  Charles  Wager 
was  the  owner  of  the  property,  and  Swinson  may  have  been  a  trustee  for  that  officer, 
who  died  in  1743.  He  gave  this  estate  to  his  nephew,  Charles  Bolton,  who  married 
Martha  Goldsworthy,  to  whom  he  bequeathed  it  at  his  decease.  Dying  in  1777,  she 
left  the  Eotherhithe  property  to  her  nephew,  Major-General  Goldsworthy,  one  of  the 
King's  Equerries,  and  Colonel  of  the  1st  Eegiment  of  Dragoons.    He  died  in  1800,  leaving 

♦  This  was  Robert,  Baron  Fitzwalter,  who  died  in  1328,  improperly  styled  by  Lysons  Baron  of  Egremond,  because 
he  married  Joane,  one  of  the  daughters  and  coheiresses  of  John  de  Multon,  the  last  Baron  of  Egremond,  whose  inheritance 
was  shared  between  this  lady  and  her  two  sisters,  among  whose  descendants  and  representatives  the  barony  of  Egremond 
is  still  in  abeyance.  (See  Banks,  "  Dormant  and  Extiuct  Baronage,"  voL  ii.  p.  207 ;  and  Sir  H.  Nicolas,  "  Sj-nopsis  of  the 
Peerage,"  vol.  ii.  p.  458.) 

t  Terrier  of  Lands  in  Surrey,  No.  4705,  Ayscougb's  Cat.  British  Iiluseiim. 

X  Dugdale's  "  Monasticon,"  vol.  v.  p.  88. 

VOL.    III.  XT 


,46  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

a  sister  and  heiress,  Miss  Goldsworthy.  From  Miss  Goldsworthy  the  manor  of  Eother- 
hithe  descended  to  the  late  Field-Marshal  Sir  William  Maynard  Gomm,  G.C.B.,  at  whose 
death  in  1875  it  passed  to  his  widow.  The  present  lady  of  the  manor  is  Mrs.  Carr-Gomm, 
who  in  1878  inherited  the  estate  from  her  aunt,  Lady  Gomm. 

A  fleet  is  said  to  have  heen  fitted  ont  at  Eotherhithe  in  the  reign  of  Edward  III., 
nndor  the  orders  of  the  Black  Prince  and  his  brother  John  of  Gaunt.  Lambarde,  in  his 
"Topographical  Dictionary,"  says  that  Henry  IV.  lodged  in  an  "old  stone  house  here, 
vrhiles  he  was  cured  of  a  leprosie."  Two  charters  of  that  prince  are  dated  at  this  place  m 
the  month  of  July,  1412,  and  from  these  it  has  been  inferred  that  there  was  a  royal 
mansion  at  Eotherhithe  ;  but  most  probably  his  residence  here  was  but  temporary,  on  the 
occasion  just  mentioned. 

The  Thames  Tunnel,  Eotherhithe. — This  important  work  was  devised  about  1820 
by  Mr.  Brunei,  F.E.S.  (afterwards  Sir  Isambart  Marc  Brunei).  Two  attempts  to  construct 
an  archway  under  the  Thames  had  previously  been  made.  The  first,  from  Gravesend  to 
Tilbury,  in  1799,  was  projected  by  Mr.  Ealph  Dodd,  an  engineer  of  much  note;  the 
other,  from  Eotherhithe  to  Limehouse,  was  commenced  by  the  "Thames  Archway 
Company,"  under  the  provisions  of  an  Act  of  Parliament  obtained  in  1801;  but  both 
attempts  proved  abortive.* 

When  the  plan  for  making  a  double  roadway  under  the  Thames,  and  executing  it  on  a 
fall  scale  at  once,  was  submitted  to  the  public  by  Mr.  Brimel  in  1823,  the  boldness  of  the 
enterprise  and  the  novel  method  by  which  he  proposed  to  carry  on  the  work  excited  the 
general  attention  of  the  scientific  world ;  and  the  scheme  having  been  sanctioned  by  the 
approval  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  Dr.  Wollaston,  and  many  other  persons  of  talent  and 
influence,  a  joint-stock  company  was  formed  rmder  the  provisions  of  an  Act  of  Parliament, 
which  received  the  royal  assent  on  the  24th  of  June,  1824,  to  carry  it  into  effect.  By 
that  Act  the  "Thames  Tunnel  Company"  was  authorised  to  raise  £200,000  in  £50 
shares,  together  with  the  farther  sum  of  £50,000,  should  the  former  be  insufficient. 

The  operations  for  making  this  subaqueous  as  well  as  subterranean  channel  of  com- 
munication between  the  opposite  shores  were  commenced  on  the  Surrey  side  at  a  short 


*  On  the  latter  occasion  the  operations  were  continued  nearly  five  years,  under  the  direction  chiefly  of  Messrs. 
Vasey  and  Trevethick,  two  experienced  Cornish  miners.  The  work  was  commenced  by  sinking  a  shaft,  11  feet  in 
diameter,  about  one  niUe  below  Rotherhithe  Church,  and  315  feet  from  the  river.  With  much  difficulty,  arising  from  the 
land  water,  the  shaft  was  carried  to  the  depth  of  42  feet ;  and  being  then  reduced  to  8  feet  in  diameter,  it  was  continued 
to  the  depth  of  76  feet.  A  horizontal  excavation,  or  driftway,  5  feet  in  height,  2  feet  6  inches  in  breadth  at  the  top,  and 
3  feet  at  the  bottom,  was  begun  and  carried  to  the  extent  of  1,040  feet,  when  the  ground  at  the  head  of  the  drift  twice 
broke  in  under  the  pressure  of  high  tides,  though  at  the  respective  depths  of  30  feet  and  25  feet  from  the  bottom  of  the 
river  ;  and  the  work  was  subsequently  abandoned,  no  less  than  fifty-four  engineers  having  then  agreed  in  opinion  that  it 
was  impracticable  to  make  a  tunnel  imder  the  Thames  of  any  useful  size  for  commercial  p\irposes  1 


ROTHERHITHE.  147 

distance  eastward  from  Eothcrliitlic  Churcli,  and  at  about  100  feet  from  the  Avater- 
side.  On  that  spot  several  concentric  circles  of  piles  were  driven  into  the  ground, 
■svithin  the  innermost  of  which  was  fixed  a  strong  wooden  cvirb,  shod  with  iron,  and  50 
feet  in  diameter.  Upon  that  a  substantial  cylinder  of  brickwork,  bedded  in  Eoman 
cement,  42  feet  in  height  and  3  feet  in  thickness,  was  constructed,  and  strengthened 
in  various  waj's  by  iron  rods,  band  hoops,  &c.,  thus  forming  a  vertical  shaft  of  the  ^^■eIght, 
as  computed,  of  1,000  tons.  Shortly  after  it  was  begun,  on  the  2nd  of  March,  1825, 
a  stone  with  a  brass  plate  appropriately  inscribed,  coins,  &c.,  was  laid  in  the  brickwork 
by  William  Smith,  Esq.,  chairman  of  the  company,  with  much  ceremony,  and  in  the 
presence  of  a  numerous  assemblage  of  spectators. 

When  the  cylinder  was  finished  a  powerful  steam-engine  was  set  upon  it,  for  the 
purpose  both  of  raising  the  earth  from  within  the  shaft  and  of  effecting  a  drainage ;  the 
whole  was  then  sunk  into  the  ground  en  masse,  in  the  manner  in  which  wells  are  usually 
sunk.  By  this  means  a  dangerous  quicksand,  full  of  land  water,  26  feet  in  depth,  was 
successfully  passed  through,  and  the  shaft  was  completed  to  the  depth  of  G5  feet.  A 
smaller  shaft,  25  feet  in  diameter,  was  afterwards  sunk  within  the  other,  as  a  avcII  or 
reservoir  for  the  pimips.  The  horizontal  excavation  for  the  tunnel  was  then  opened  at  the 
depth  of  Co  feet,  and  in  order  to  have  a  sufficient  thickness  of  ground  to  pass  with  security 
under  the  deepest  part  of  the  river,  the  excavation  was  carried  to  that  point  on  a  declivity 
of  2  feet  3  inches  per  100  feet.  At  a  full  tide  the  foot  of  the  tunnel  is  75  feet  below  the 
surface  of  the  water. 

The  manner  in  which  the  operations  Avcre  carried  on  can  hardly  be  intelligibly 
explaiaed  without  exceeding  the  necessary  limits  of  this  narrative.  The  great  means  by 
which  the  excavation  was  finally  accomplished  was  by  the  employment  of  a  powerful 
apparatus  designated  the  "  Shield."  This  consisted  of  twelve  strong  frames  of  cast  iron, 
each  22  feet  in  height  and  3  feet  in  breadth,  placed  "  close  to  each  other,  like  so  many 
volumes  on  the  shelf  of  a  book-case,"*  one  division  of  which  is  represented  in  the  woodcut 
on  the  following  page.  Every  division,  or  frame,  comprised  three  distinct  stages,  or  cells,  and 
consequently  there  were  thirty-six  altogether  for  the  operators,  namely,  the  miners,  by  whom 
the  ground  was  cut  down  and  secured  in  front  of  the  shield,  and  the  bricklayers,  by  -whom 
the  structure  was  simultaneously  formed  from  the  back  of  the  cells,  as  each  alternate  frame 
was  pressed  forward  by  strong  screws  abutting  against  the  solid  brickwork.  In  front 
every  cell  was  protected  by  a  close  panelling  of  small  boards,  technically  called  pollings, 

*  See  "  An  Exposition  of  the  Facts  and  Circumstances  relating  to  the  Tunnel,''  as  suhmitted  by  Mr.  Brunei  to  his 
late  Majesty,  at  St.  James's  Palace,  on  the  24th  of  May,  1833. 

V  2 


■  48 


HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 


each  of  wliich  was  3  feet  in  length  and  6  inches  wide,  and  was  secured  and  kept  in  its 
place  by  two  jack-screws.*  Eventually,  when  from  the  fluid  nature  of  the  ground 
additional  precautions  became  necessary,  the  pollings  were  attached  to  each  other  and  to 
the  top  of  the  shield  by  hooks,  and  further  strengthened  by  iron  spurs  resting  upon  the 
floor-plates  and  going  into  the  ground.f  The  staves,  as  they  were  called,  which  formed 
the  upper  part  of  the  shield,  were,  for  greater  strength,  made  like  inverted  troughs  of 
cast  iron;  they  were  1  foot  6  inches  in  breadth,  and  9  feet  in  length,  independently  of 
a  tailing  of  Avrought  iron  to  overlay  the  brickwork. 

The  shield  was  placed  in  its  first  position  at  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  about  the  1st  of 
January,  1826,  and  the  structure  of  the  double  archway  was 
commenced.  From  that  time  until  the  27th  of  April,  1827,  the 
tunnel  had  been  finished  to  the  extent  of  540  feet,  but  the 
miners  and  bricklayers  then  struck,  "  without  even  securing 
their  work,"  from  apprehensions  of  danger  at  the  state  of  the 
ground  before  them.  Fresh  hands  were  engaged,  and  the  tunnel 
was  advanced  about  10  feet;  but  on  the  18th  of  May  the  river 
burst  in  with  iiTCsistible  ibree,  and  completely  filled  the  exca- 
vation, the  workmen  escaping  with  much  difficulty.  The 
opening  thi'ough  which  the  irruption  had  taken  place  was 
afterwards  filled  up  (as  in  subsequent  instances)  with  several 
thousand  small  bags  of  clay  (armed  with  hazel  rods  about  4  feet 
long)  and  loose  gravel,  which,  becoming  consolidated  by  the 
pressure  of  the  tides,  again  closed  the  aperture.  The  water 
was  then  pumped  out  of  the  tunnel  by  a  powerful  hydraulic 
apparatus,  and  greatly  to  the  satisfaction  of  every  one,  the 
brickwork  was  found  to  be  uninjured,  and  the  excavation  was  recommenced.  But 
notwithstanding  the  fertility  of  invention  displayed  by  the  engineer,  both  as  to  preventive 
and  remedial  measures,  when  the  work  had  been  completed  to  the  length  of  GOO  feet 


SECTION   OF   THE    SHILLD. 


*  The  chief  parts  of  the  shield  are  referred  to  by  the  numerals  in  the  woodcut  from  1  to  8,  viz.:— 1.  The 
PoUing  Boards  ia  front  of  the  shield.  2.  The  Jack-scre-ws.  3.  The  Top  Staves,  securing  the  upper  part  of  the  excavation 
until  the  substitution  of  the  brickwork:  the  sides  of  each  divi.sion  of  the  shield  were  similarly  defended.  4.  Screws  to 
raise  or  depress  the  top  staves.  5.  The  Legs,  being  jack-screws  fixed  by  baU-joints  to  the  shoes,  upon  which  the  whole 
division  stands.  6.  The  Shoes.  7  and  8.  The  Sockets,  where  the  top  and  bottom  horizontal  screws  were  fixed  to  force 
the  division  forward  as  the  work  advanced. 

+  This  mode  of  attaching  the  polling  boards  proved  so  safe,  both  in  its  service  and  results,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the 
Institution  of  Civil  Engineers  on  the  3rd  of  February,  1843,  Sir  Isambart  Brunei  stated  that  should  another  tunnel  be 
constructed,  he  would  make  the  system  of  thus  attaching  the  pollings  an  essential  part  of  the  organization  of  the  shield, 
being  convinced  it  might,  "  by  this  means,  be  worked  through  the  worst  ground  with  a  certainty  of  safety  and  success." 


ROTHERHITHE.  149 

another  extensive  rupture  took  place  iu  the  bed  of  the  river,  and,  in  despite  of  the  most 
intrepid  and  steady  perseverance  of  the  men  to  counteract  the  disaster,  the  soil  and  water 
again  rushed  iu  and  filled  the  tunnel :  on  this  occasion  six  of  the  workmen  were  di'owned. 
This  second  irruption,  though  far  more  impetuous  and  disastrous  than  the  first,  was  over- 
come by  the  same  means  as  before,  though  no  less  than  4,000  tons  of  soil  were  requii-ed 
to  fill  the  chasm.  When  the  tunnel  was  re-entered  it  was  found  that  the  brickwork  was 
undisturbed  and  perfectly  sound,  though  its  protecting  shield  was  much  strained  and 
fractured.  These  repeated  accidents  proved  almost  fatal  to  the  undertaking,  for  the 
company's  funds  being  nearly  exhausted,  the  work  was  altogether  discontinued,  with  little 
prospect  of  a  revival.  At  that  time  only  £144,000  had  been  paid  up  by  the  share- 
holders, and  £140,000  had  been  expended. 

At  length,  after  a  lapse  of  seven  years,  the  project  was  resumed,  and  by  the  aid  of 
Exchequer  bills  bearing  interest,  issued  by  the  Treasury  under  the  sanction  of  Parliament, 
to  the  amount  of  £300,000,  this  noble  monument  of  British  science  was  successfully 
completed.  The  work  was  recommenced  in  March,  1830,  and  a  new  and  stronger  shield, 
weighing  about  180  tons,  having  been  provided,  all  subsequent  difficulties  were  overcome, 
though  several  formidable  irruptions  took  place,  both  of  water  and  ground ;  and  the 
frequent  bursts  of  carburetted  and  sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas  into  the  tunnel,  from  1837 
to  1839,  had  occasionally  such  an  efi'ect  upon  the  men  that  some  of  them  fell  senseless  at 
their  posts.  Such  was  the  fluid  state  of  the  soil,  also,  that  on  many  occasions  they  were 
obliged  to  block  up  the  top  boxes  with  timber  until  auxiliary  means  were  devised  to  enable 
the  miners  to  proceed  with  security.  Early  in  1841  the  tunnel  was  sufiiciently  advanced 
to  insure  its  completion,  and  on  the  24th  of  March  her  Majesty  Queen  Victoria  conferred 
the  honour  of  knighthood  on  Mr.  Brunei,  to  reward  in  some  degree  the  unceasing  anxiety 
and  toil  which  he  had  so  long  imdergone.  But  a  still  higher  satisfaction  was  afforded  him 
in  the  following  August,  when  he  entered  the  tunnel  by  a  small  driftway  constructed  from 
the  shaft  sunk  on  the  Wapping  side  of  the  river.  About  nine  years  of  actual  employment 
were  expended  on  the  work,  and  its  cost,  inclusive  of  the  purchase  of  ground  on  each 
bank  of  the  Thames,  amounting  to  £30,000,  and  other  incidental  charges,  was  about 
£446,000.     It  was  first  opened  for  foot-passengers  on  the  25th  of  March,  1843.* 

The  tunnel  consists  of  an  oblong  mass  of  brickwork  laid  in  Roman  cement  38  feet  in 

*  The  engineer's  original  estimate  for  the  completion  of  the  tunnel  was  £166,000.  The  steam-engine  and  hyilraulic 
apparatus  for  draining  the  works  were  estimated  at  £4,000 ;  the  apparatus  (or  shield)  for  carrying  on  the  erection,  £3,300 ; 
and  the  iron  tools  and  all  necessary  implements,  £6,000.  The  new  shield  cost  ahout  £7,000.  It  was  exliibited  on  the 
Eotherhithe  side,  at  a  small  chaise,  for  about  two  years  after  its  work  was  done,  but  was  ultimately  broken  up  and  con- 
signed to  the  melting  furnace. 


,50  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

■width,  and  22  feet  6  inches  in  height,  presenting  a  sectional  area  of  850  feet,  withro  -which 
are  two  parallel  arched  passages  of  the  horseshoe  form,  each  about  16  feet  high,  and 
13  feet  9  inches  wide.  These  archways  are  separated  by  a  middle  wall,  increasing  in 
thickness  downward  from  3  feet  C  inches  to  4  feet,  at  which  point  an  inverted  arch, 
3  feet  thick,  contributes  both  to  support  the  external  walls  and  strengthen  the  central  one. 
There  are  also  numerous  arched  bands,  or  transverse  arches,  extending  across  each 
passage  at  regular  distances.  All  the  foundations  are  laid  on  thick  and  strong  beech 
planks,  and  the  great  weight  of  the  shield  in  passing  over  the  ground  served  so  materially 
to  compress  it,  that  no  instance  occurred  of  sinking  in  the  foundation  or  settlement  of  any 
kind.  In  each  passage  were  originally  a  carriage  road  and  a  footway,  but  the  descending 
approaches  for  carriages  were  never  made.  The  descent  for  foot-passengers  on  each  side  of 
the  river  was  formerly  by  several  flights  of  steps,  constructed  spiral- wise  within  a  circular 
shaft,  surmounted  by  a  polygonal  cupola  pierced  both  with  sky  and  lantern  lights.  The 
roadways,  which  originally  communicated  with  each  other  by  sixty-three  small  arches, 
were  lighted  by  gas.  The  toll  for  passengers  was  one  penny,  but  the  success  of  the  Thames 
Tunnel  as  a  commercial  undertaking,  in  its  original  state,  appears  never  to  have  been 
realised.  In  1871  it  was  closed  for  foot-passengers,  and  it  is  now  used  as  a  railway,  the 
trains  of  the  East  London  Eailway  Company  passing  through  it  between  Liverpool  Street 
and  New  Cross  and  other  South  London  stations. 

The  Commercial  Docks,  Eotherhithe. — There  is  a  tradition,  supported  by  the  authority 
of  Stow,  that  at  the  spot  now  occupied  by  the  oldest  portion  of  these  docks,  was  the  com- 
mencement of  the  trench,  or  canal,  made  by  Canute  from  this  point  to  Battersea,  to  enable 
him  to  avoid  the  bridge  when  he  brought  up  his  fleet  to  besiege  London.  The  chronicler 
further  states  that  the  course  of  the  river  was  diverted  through  the  same  passage  when 
the  first  stone  bridge  across  the  Thames  was  built  in  the  reign  of  King  John. 

The  present  Commercial  Docks,  however,  originated  in  the  "Howland  Great  Wet 
Dock,"  which  existed  in  16C0,  and  was  so  called  from  a  family  settled  at  Streatham  in 
the  latter  part  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  reign.  Sir  Giles  Howland  having  purchased  the  manor 
of  Tooting-Bec,  in  that  parish,  in  1599.  The  Howland  property  was  conveyed  in  marriage 
to  the  Eussells  by  the  union  of  "Wriothesley,  Marquis  of  Tavistock,  with  Elizabeth, 
daughter  and  heii'ess  of  John  Howland,  Esq.,  of  Streatham,  in  1695.  The  nuptial  ceremony 
was  solemnised  at  Streatham  by  Gilbert  Burnet,  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  and  immediately  after- 
wards the  youthful  bridegroom  (then  only  in  his  fifteenth  year)  was  created  Baron  Howland 
of  Streatham,  in  compliment  to  the  large  estates  to  which  Miss  Howland  was  entitled.* 

*  Wiffin's  "  Historical  Memoirs  of  the  House  of  Bedford,"  vol.  ii.  p.  301. 


ROTHERHITHE.  i  s  i 

The  Howlaud  Dock  (wliicli  continued  in  the  possession  of  the  Eussells  until  1763) 
was  not  quite  10  acres  in  extent  in  Queen  Anne's  time,  yet  it  was  then  stated  to  be  larger 
than  the  famous  basin  of  Dunkirk,  or  of  "any  pent  water  in  the  world,  and  capable  of 
affording  secure  accommodation  for  one  hundred  and  twenty  sail  of  the  largest  merchant- 
men." At  a  subsequent  period,  when  the  Greenland  whale  fishery  flourished,  the  dock 
was  engaged  for  the  reception  of  vessels  employed  in  that  trade ;  and  various  houses,  &c., 
with  boilers,  tanks,  and  other  apparatus  for  extracting  oil  from  blubber,  were  erected. 

In  1800  Mr.  Ealph  Dodd  projected  the  construction  of  the  Ship  Canal  from  Eother- 
hithe  to  Vauxhall,  of  which  the  Greenland  Dock  (as  then  called)  was  to  be  the  commence- 
ment; but  this  scheme  proved  abortive.  In  1807,  the  whaling  trade  having  declined, 
whilst  the  importation  of  timber  and  other  merchandise  from  the  north  of  Europe  had 
greatly  increased,  the  dock  changed  owner.s,  and  under  the  appellation  of  the  Baltic  Dock 
was  appropriated  for  ships  laden  with  timber,  deals,  tar,  corn,  &c.,  after  the  premises  had 
undergone  great  alterations  and  enlargement  by  the  purchase  of  various  properties,  espe- 
cially of  the  ship-building  yard,  docks,  &c.,  of  Mr.  William  Eitchie,  at  the  sum  of 
£35,000.  It  was  soon  afterwards  styled  the  Commercial  Dock,  and  having  been  closed 
for  improvements,  was  reopened  under  its  new  name  in  1809.  In  the  following  year 
the  "  Commercial  Dock  Company  "  was  established  by  an  Act  of  Parliament  (50  Geo.  III. 
cap.  207),  and  consolidated  by  two  other  Acts  obtained  in  1811  and  1817. 

Under  the  dii'cction  of  the  Board  new  docks  have  been  excavated,  yards,  granaries, 
wharfs,  &c.,  repeatedly  enlarged  and  improved,  until  the  property  has  been  augmented 
to  a  very  considerable  extent  from  what  it  was  originally.  There  were  formerly  six 
docks,  or  basins ;  but  at  the  present  time  they  number  no  less  than  thirteen.  The  two 
inner  docks  were  opened  in  1815;  and  in  1876  a  large  new  basin,  called  the  Canada 
Dock,  was  excavated  and  opened.  This  dock  has  a  water  area  of  16i  acres,  and  a  quay 
space  upwards  of  21  acres  in  extent. 

These  docks,  now  the  property  of  the  Surrey  Commercial  Dock  Company,  are  situated 
about  three  miles  below  London  Bridge  :  the  entrance  is  in  Limehouse  Ecach,  where  the 
river  takes  a  large  sweep,  within  which  the  docks  have  been  formed.  They  arc  supplied 
by  the  Thames,  the  level  of  the  ground  being  much  below  high- water  mark.  At  spring 
tides  the  average  depth  of  water  at  the  sill  of  the  dock  gates  is  18  feet  7  inches,  but 
occasionally  the  tide  rises  to  22  feet.  In  1814,  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  a  more  ready 
access  from  the  metropolis  to  this  neighbourhood,  a  floating  pier  was  established. 

The  old  East  Cotjxtry  Dock,  together  with  the  Grand  Surrey  Canal,  now  forms 
part  of  the  elaborate  system  belonging  to  the  Surrey  Commercial  Dock  Company. 


,52  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

In  1850  the  Commercial  Dock  Company  purchased  the  East  Country  Dock  and 
premises  for  the  sum  of  £40,000  ;  and  in  1851  an  Act  was  passed  confirming  the  purchase, 
and  empowering  the  company  to  construct  a  new  entrance  to  the  Thames,  now  known 
as  the  South  Lock,  and  enlarge  the  East  Country  Dock.  These  works  were  carried  out 
at  an  expense  of  £190,000,  in  addition  to  the  purchase  money.  The  new  dock  and 
premises  were  opened  in  1855.  In  1862  a  new  entrance  to  the  Thames,  near  Lavender 
Dock,  was  completed  and  opened. 

The  Grand  Surrey  Canal  was  commenced  in  1802,  and  the  basin  opened  for  business 
in  1807 :  the  canal  itself,  however,  was  not  completed  for  many  years.  In  1855  the 
company  became  incorporated  under  the  name  of  the  "  Grand  Surrey  Docks  and  Canal 
Company,"  and  in  1864  was  amalgamated  with  the  Commercial  Dock  Company. 
Great  alterations  and  improvements  have  since  been  made  both  in  the  docks  and  the 
canal.  The  dock  property  altogether  now  comprises  ten  docks  and  seven  timber  ponds, 
with  an  aggregate  water  area  of  176  acres,  and  land  or  wharfage  area  of  193  acres, 
making  in  all  369  acres  of  dock  property ;  and  a  canal  extending  from  the  docks  at 
Eotherhithe  to  Camberwell  and  Peckham,  with  an  area  of  66  acres.  The  docks  have 
four  entrances  from  the  Thames  at  different  points,  extending  over  a  length  of  If  miles 
of  the  river.  The  quays  in  the  docks  available  for  shipping  are  5  miles  long.  The 
company's  granaries  have  a  storage  capacity  of  150,000  quarters,  whilst  14  acres  of 
shed  accommodation  are  provided  for  the  storage  of  hard  woods  and  prepared  flooring 
boards  requiring  to  be  placed  under  cover. 

The  staff  of  management  of  the  Surrey  Commercial  Dock  Company  consists  of  a 
Chairman,  two  Deputy  Chairmen,  fifteen  ordinary  Directors,  two  Auditors,  a  Secretary, 
and  a  Superintendent.  The  total  capital  of  the  company  in  January,  1877,  amounted  to 
£1,506,813  16s.  6d. 

Advowson,  &c. — The  living  of  Eotherhithe  is  a  rectory  in  the  deanery  of  Southwark 
and  diocese  of  Eochester,  to  which  it  was  transferred  in  1877  from  the  diocese  of 
"Winchester.  The  advowson  formerly  belonged  to  the  convent  of  Bermondsey.  In 
2  Elizabeth  it  was  held  by  Ealph  Bosseville,  after  which  it  repeatedly  changed  owners, 
and  in  1721  was  purchased  by  James,  Duke  of  Chandos,  who  in  1730  resold  the 
advowson  to  Clare  College,  Cambridge,  its  present  patrons.  In  the  Yalor  of  20  Edward  I. 
it  is  rated  at  10  marks  per  annum,  but  was  subject  to  a  payment  of  20s.  yearly  to  the 
convent  of  Bermondsey.  In  the  King's  books  its  annual  value  is  stated  at  £18,  paying 
7s.  7^d.  for  procurations,  and  2s.  Id.  for  synodals.  About  300  acres,  once  chiefly 
meadow  land  and  market  gardens,  are  tithable.     The  Eegisters,  commenced  in  1556,  are 


ROTIIERinTIIE.  133 

apparoutly  verv  perfect.     There  are  many  entries  among  the  burials  of  persons  whose 
ages  are  from  ninety  to  ninety -nine  years;  also  of  the  following  of  still  greater  age :  — 

Margaret  Sinclaire,  from  Bermundscy,  aged  101,  buriotl  January  19,  1V94. 
Elizabeth  Richardson,  widow,  Pasliflelds-rent,  aged  120,  buried  February  14,  ISOO. 

Rectors  *  of  Eotherhithe  in  and  since  1800  : — 

I,— Robert  3Ii/cMcto)i,  D.D.     Inducted  in  1792. 

2. — James  Spear.     Piesigued  in  1817. 

2,.— John  Short  Iletvett,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1817. 

4.— Edward  BIlcIc,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1835. 

5. — Edward  JosseI>/n  Bed;  M.A.     Instituted  in  18G7. 

The  old  Church  of  St.  Ma»y  at  Eotherhithe,  of  the  origin  of  which  little  is  known, 
having  become  both  ruinous  and  too  small  for  the  increased  population,  the  inhabitants 
determined  to  rebuild  it  on  a  larger  scale.  For  that  purpose  £920  19s.  Sd.  was  raised  by 
a  brief,  and  £1,829  14s.  Gd.  by  private  contributions.  With  these  sums  a  new  church  was 
begun  in  1714,  and  opened  for  divine  service  in  1715:  the  cost  amounted  to  £3,792  14s.  Id. 
It  was  fm-ther  enlarged,  and  the  steeple  built,  under  two  Acts  of  rarliament,  passed  respec- 
tively in  1717  and  1738,  and  the  whole  fabric  completed.  It  is  constructed  of  brick,  with 
stone  rustic  quoins,  window  cases,  and  other  di-essings.  On  each  side  are  two  rows  of  large 
segmental-arched  windows  and  a  spacious  entrance ;  and  at  the  west  end  is  a  square  tower 
of  two  stages,  finished  with  a  balustrade,  and  containing  a  clock  and  six  bells.  This  is 
surmounted  by  a  cylindrical  lantern  formed  by  a  peristyle  of  the  Corinthian  order,  crowned 
by  ui-ns,  from  the  dome  of  which  issues  a  small  octagonal  spire,  terminated  by  a  ball  and 
cross :  these  parts  are  of  stone. 

The  interior  of  the  church  consists  of  nave  and  aisles,  and  an  altar  recess,  divided  from 
the  nave  by  aiitfe  and  a  segmental  arch.  The  altar  screen,  which  is  of  oak,  is  of  the 
Corinthian  order,  and  iucludes  the  usual  tables  of  the  Lord's  Prayer,  &c.,  in  four  compart- 
ments. In  the  east  window  is  a  picture  of  St.  Mary  the  Yirgin  in  stained  glass,  executed 
by  Collins  after  the  ]\[adonna  delle  Stelle  of  Guido  in  the  Blenheim  Collection.     The  roof 

*  Among  the  more  ancient  rectors  of  this  p^irish  was  tlie  Tiev.  Tlios.  Gataker,  B.D.,  who  liold  tlic  living  from  1011 
Tintil  his  decease  in  1654.  He  was  distinguished  both  as  a  divine  and  critic  ;  but  becoming  obnoxious  to  Government 
during  the  supremacy  of  Laud,  he  was  for  some  time  imprisoned  in  the  Fleet.  He  afterwards  sat  in  the  Assembly  of 
Divines  at  Westminster,  and  sometimes  acted  as  their  cliairman.  His  treatise  on  tlie  Purity  of  the  Language  of  the  New 
Testament,  in  Latin,  published  in  1646,  gives  a  favourable  idea  of  his  critical  talents.     He  was  buried  at  Rotherhithe. 

The  Rev.  Charles  Gataker,  JI.A.,  son  of  the  preceding,  was  bom  at  Rotherhitlie  about  1G14,  and  attained  distinction 
as  a  controversial  writer,  chiefly  in  defence  of  Calvinism.  He  died  in  1680,  and  was  interred  in  the  clianccl  at  Hoggeston, 
in  Buckinghamshire,  of  which  parish  he  had  been  long  minister. 

VOL.   III.  X 


154  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

of  tliG  nave,  -waggon-sliaped  and  ornamented  witli  a  floM^ered  panelling,  is  supported  on  eacli 
side  by  two  massive  columns  rising  from  tlie  floor :  the  roofing  of  tlie  aisles  is  flat.  In 
1876  the  interior  was  entirely  rearranged  under  a  faculty  from  the  Bishop  of  Winchester. 
The  old  high  pews  were  replaced  with  convenient  open  seats,  the  floor  was  repaved,  large 
portions  of  the  galleries  were  removed,  choir  seats  provided,  and  the  sanctuary  paved  with 
marble.  These  improvements  were  carried  out  iindcr  the  direction  of  W.  Butterfield,  Esq., 
architect,  at  a  cost  of  between  £1,800  and  a61,900.  The  sittings  afford  accommodation 
for  about  750  persons.  The  chief  sepulchral  memorial  is  a  white  marble  tablet  com- 
memorative of  the  Soper  family,  of  whom  William  Soper,  Esq.,  who  died  in  1839,  was 
many  years  treasurer  of  this  parish.  Several  tablets  from  the  earlier  church  are  still 
preserved. 

In  the  churchyard  is  the  tomb  of  Prince  Lee  Boo,  a  native  of  the  Pelew  Islands,  in 
the  Indian  Ocean,  who  died  at  Eotherhithe  in  1784.  The  following  sepulchral  inscription 
affords  a  brief  account  of  the  character  and  fate  of  this  interesting  young  foreigner,  con- 
cerning whom  more  full  information  may  be  found  in  Mr.  Keate's  "Narrative  of  Captain 
Wilson's  Yoyage  :  " — • 

To  tlie  Memory  of  Pkince  Lee  Boo,  a  Native  of  the  Pelew  or  Palos  Islands  ;  and  Son  to  Abba  ThuUe, 
Kupack  or  King  of  the  Island  Coo-roo-raa,  who  departed  this  life  on  the  27th  of  December,  1784,  aged  20  years, 
tMs  Stone  is  inscribed  by  the  Hon.  United  East  India  Company,  as  a  Testimony  of  Esteem  for  the  humane  and 
kind  Treatment  afforded  by  his  Father  to  the  Crew  of  their  Ship  the  Antelope,  Capt.  Wilson,  which  was  wrecked 
off  that  Island  in  the  Night  of  the  9th  of  August,  1783. 

Stop  Eeader,  stop !    Let  Nature  claim  a  tear — 
"A  Prince  of  mine,  Lee  Boo,  lies  buried  here." 

Admiral  Sir  John  Leake. — This  brave  officer  was  born  at  Eotherhithe  in  June,  1G56. 
He  was  the  son  of  Capt.  Leake,  master  gunner  of  England ;  and  having  entered  the  navy 
in  early  years,  he  served  as  a  midshipman  in  the  war  with  the  Dutch  in  1673.  In  the 
battle  of  Bantry  Bay  in  1689  he  commanded  a  fire-ship,  and  for  his  gallant  conduct  on 
that  occasion  he  was  made  Captain  of  the  Dartmouth  frigate,  in  which  he  effected  the 
release  of  Londonderry,  then  closely  besieged  by  the  Ercnch  allies  of  James  II.  He  was 
subsequently  in  the  battle  off  Cape  La  Hogue,  at  the  taking  of  Gibraltar  by  Admiral  Eooke, 
and  in  several  other  actions  where  success  attended  the  British  flag.  In  1703  he  was 
raade  Vice-Admiral  of  the  Blue,  and  was  afterwards  knighted.  In  the  war  of  the 
Succession  against  the  French  and  Spaniards  his  services  were  numerous  and  important, 
especially  in  the  reduction  of  Barcelona  in  1706,  and  capture  of  Minorca  in  1708. 
Two  years  later  he  vfas  appointed  Commander-in-chief  of  the  fleet  and  a  Lord  of 
the  Admiralty;    but   after  the   accession   of  George   I.  in    171-4   he  was  deprived   of 


ROTHERHITHE.  155 

liis  offices,  and  tlicucofortli  passed  liis  time  in  seclusion  until  his  decease  at  Green- 
•wich  in  1720.  He  -was  buried  at  Stepney,  AvLerc  lie  had  erected  a  monument  for  his 
deceased  wife.* 

The  other  churches  of  Eotherhithe  have  all  been  erected  -within  the  last  half-century, 
partly  by  local  subscriptions,  and  partly  by  grants  from  societies. 

Trinity  Chuech  is  situated  near  the  old  East  Country  Dock,  at  the  extremity  of  the 
parish,  on  a  plot  of  ground  given  for  the  purpose  by  the  Commercial  Dock  Company. 
It  was  built  from  the  designs  of  Mr.  Kcmpsall  at  a  cost  of  £3,400,  and  was  consecrated 
by  the  Bishop  of  "Winchester  in  1838.  This  is  a  spacious  brick  edifice  in  the  early  pointed 
style,  with  a  square  embattled  tower  at  the  west  end.  It  contains  about  1,000  sittings, 
of  which  500  are  free. 

All  Saints'  Chukch  is  also  a  brick  building  in  the  early  pointed  style,  designed  by  the 
same  architect  as  that  of  Trinity,  and  erected  at  a  nearly  similar  cost.  It  stands  in  the 
Deptford  Eoad,  opposite  Surrey  Place,  and  was  consecrated  by  the  Eishop  of  Winchester 
in  1840.  At  the  west  end  is  a  low  square  tower,  including  the  principal  entrance,  siu-- 
raounted  by  an  octagonal  spire.  Since  1873  this  church  has  been  thoroughly  restored  at 
an  expense  of  above  £1,000.  A  new  chancel  has  been  erected,  handsome  coloured-glass 
windows  inserted,  and  the  fabric  reseated,  &c.  The  churchyard  and  glebe  of  All  Saints' 
were  given  by  the  late  Field-Marshal  Sir  William  Gomm.f 

Christ  Church,  which  stands  in  Union  Eoad,  near  the  end  of  Paradise  Eow,  bordering 
on  the  parish  of  Bermondsey,  is  a  substantial  brick  building,  designed  by  Lewis  VuUiamy, 
Esq.,  architect.     The  cost  of  its  erection  was  defrayed  by  the  trustees  of  Miss  Ilyndman's 

*  111  Manning  and  Bray's  "  Surrey,"  vol.  i.  p.  22S,  it  is  stated  that  "  Hanover  Street  [in  Eotlierliitlio],  formerly  called 
Wintershull  Street,  is  stUl  remembered  as  the  birth-place  of  Admiral  Benbow,"  another  of  our  naval  heroes,  of  whom  an 
interesting  memoir  is  given  ia  the  "  Biographia  Britannica,"  from  the  communications  of  Paul  Calton,  Esq.,  a  son-in-law 
of  the  Admiral.  But  the  place  of  Benbow's  nativity  was  Shrewsbury,  and  not  Eotherhithe  ;  and  a  view  of  the  house  at 
Coton  Hill  in  which  he  was  born  (about  1650)  may  be  seen  in  the  Gentleman's  Magadne  for  December,  1809.  Tradition 
states  that,  on  visiting  Shrewsbury  after  many  years'  hard  service,  he  went  into  the  room  where  he  first  drew  breath,  and 
on  his  knees  returned  thanks  to  the  Great  Disposer  of  events  for  his  protection  and  support.  His  portrait,  presented  by 
his  sister,  is  preserved  in  the  Town-hall  at  Slu'ewsbury. 

+  In  the  notice  of  the  consecration  of  this  church  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  September,  1840  Q).  307),  is  the 
subjoined  passage: — "The  comprehensive  plan  of  the  Rev.  E.  Blick,  the  rector  of  Eotherhithe,  one  of  the  most  indefati- 
gable and  public-spirited  ministers  of  the  Church  of  England,  has  now  been  completed.  He  was  inducted  into  the  living 
not  quite  five  years  ago,  and  found  but  one  church  and  two  schools  for  the  spiritual  instruction  of  his  parishioners  and 
the  education  of  the  poor.  He  proposed  that  three  new  churches  and  five  new  schools  should  be  erected  ;  that  each  of  the 
new  churches  should  have  a  district  of  three  thousand  persons  assigned  to  it,  leaving  four  thousand  to  the  mother  church. 
The  whole  expense  was  estimated  at  ^£2.5,000,  of  which  about  £23,000  has  been  collected.  Of  this  sum,  i:21,000  was 
obtained  by  voluntary  subscriptions.  The  five  schools  have  been  long  in  full  operation,  as  well  as  the  old  parochial 
schools.  One  of  the  new  churches  was  consecrated  eighteen  months  since,  the  second  about  twelve  months  ago,  and  now 
the  third.  Thus  upwards  of  three  thousand  additional  sittings  have  been  provided,  of  wliiili  oiic-lialf  are  free  and 
unappropriated,  and  a  resident  minister  appointed  to  each." 

X  2 


I5&  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

bounty,  avIio  possess  the  patronage.  The  ground  was  given  by  the  late  Field-Marshal  Sir 
Wm.  Gomm,  G.C.B.  (a  most  liberal  benefactor  to  the  parish  of  Eotherhithe),  and  the  first 
stone  was  laid  by  him  in  1838.  In  the  ensuing  year  the  church  was  finished  and  conse- 
crated. This  edifice  is  designed  in  the  early  English  style  of  architecture,  with  buttresses 
at  the  sides  and  angles,  and  a  square  tower  at  the  west  end,  forming  the  principal  entrance. 
The  interior  is  extremely  plain  ;  and  the  communion-table  is  placed  in  a  shallow  recess  at 
the  east  end,  with  the  usual  inscriptions.  On  either  side  are  four  large  windows  of  three 
divisions  each.  There  are  three  spacious  galleries,  supported  by  small  columns  and  braces 
of  cast  iron.  The  roof  is  sustained  by  open  timber-work  in  several  divisions.  Against 
the  south  wall  is  a  sepulchral  tablet  of  white  marble,  erected  by  Sir  "Wm,  Gomm  "  in 
grateful  remembrance  of  Thos.  Mackley,  his  confidential  and  much-valued  servant  and 
friend,  for  forty-one  years,"  who  died  in  1840.  Sir  William  and  Lady  Gomm  are  both 
buried  in  a  vault  in  this  church. 

St.  Paul's  Chapel-of-Ease,  in  Globe  Street,  was  erected  in  1850,  and  contains  accom- 
modation for  320.  The  communion-table,  altar-rail,  and  chairs  in  this  church  are  made  of 
the  wood  of  tlie  fomous  Fighting  Temerairc,  which  was  broken  up  at  the  ship-breaker's 
yard  of  the  late  Mr.  Beatson,  close  by. 

St.  Barnabas  Church,  in  Plough  Eoad,  was  consecrated  in  1872.  This  church  (with 
the  "  Gomm  Schools  "  in  the  same  road)  was  largely  indebted  to  the  munificent  aid  of  the 
late  Sir  "William  Gomm  for  its  erection.  Though  small  in  area,  it  is  lofty  and  dignified. 
The  architect  was  Mr.  W.  Butterfield :  it  provides  accommodation  for  517  (all  free),  and 
the  cost  was  £3,900.  A  Boys'  National  School  in  connection  with  Christ  Church  was 
built  and  opened  in  1870,  at  a  cost  of  £1.200.  The  ancient  Free  School,  in  Church 
Street,  was  founded  by  Peter  Hill  and  Eobert  Bell  in  1613  (10  James  I.).  It  has  since 
been  amalgamated  with  the  Charity  School,  founded  in  1703,  and  the  Amicable  Society 
School,  founded  in  1739.  A  new  schoolroom  was  erected  in  1875,  and  the  school  is 
known  as  the  Amicable  School.  Many  other  Church  schools  are  in  the  parish,  and  recently 
the  School  Board  for  London  has  erected  here  large  schools.  Several  chapels  for  difi'erent 
sects  of  Dissenters  have  been  erected  in  this  parish. 

On  the  south  side  of  Union  Eoad  and  Lower  Eoad  is  Southwark  Park.  It  comprises 
some  70  acres  of  ground,  formerly  market  gardens,  which  were  purchased  by  the  Metro- 
politan Board  of  Works,  and  laid  out  with  gravel  walks,  flower  beds,  and  a  cricket 
ground.  The  "  ornamental  "  portions  are  well  planted  with  shrubs  aud  trees,  ]S"ear  the 
gates  and  lodge-house,  on  the  west  side  of  the  park,  are  two  mounds  formed  by  the  earth 
excavated  from  the  bed  of  the  river  during  the  construction  of  the  Thames  Tunnel, 


STREATH.Uf.  iS7 

STltEATHAM. 
It  is  probable  tliat  tbis  parish  obtained  its  name  from  lying  on  the  Boman  road  called 
Stane  Street,  Streat-bam  signifying  the  "  borne,"  or  dwelling,  on  the  "  street,"  or  road. 
Tbougb  no  observable  traces  of  the  road  are  now  visible,  there  is  reason  to  believe  that  it 
passed  by  Old  Croydon,  on  the  west  side  of  Broad  Green,  and  by  Thornbill  llatch  and  the 
manor-honse,  whence  it  extended  to  Newington,  and  there  joined  the  AYatling  Street  from 
the  coast  of  Kent.  In  the  Doomsday  Book  the  name  of  this  place  is  written  Estrcham, 
but  in  subseqnent  records  Stretham,  and  more  recently  Streatham.  It  borders  northward 
on  Wandsworth,  Battcrsea,  and  Clapham,  to  the  east  on  Lambeth,  to  the  south  on 
Croydon  and  Mitcham,  and  to  the  west  on  Tooting  and  "Wandsworth.  The  soil  consists 
partly  of  clay  and  partly  of  gravel,  chiefly  the  latter.  A  saline  mineral  spring  was 
discovered  in  a  field  in  this  parish  in  IGCO,  and  Lysons  says  that  it  was  much  used 
as  a  cathartic  medicine  towards  the  close  of  the  last  century.* 

No  less  than  four  manors  called  Estrcham  (Streatham)  are  noticed  in  the  Doomsday 
survey,  besides  the  manors  of  Totinges  (Tooting-Bec)  and  Belgcham  (Balham),  both 
which  are  in  this  parish ;  but  the  Estrehams  in  the  hundreds  of  Walton  and  Kingston 
were  apparently  not  connected  with  this  manor.     The  details  are  as  follows : — 

"  In  Brisistan  Iluudi-ed,  Ansgot  holds  Estrehani  of  the  Bishop  of  Baieux.  In  the 
time  of  King  Edward  it  was  held  by  Edwin,  who  could  remove  where  he  pleased.  It  was 
then  assessed  at  1  hide,  as  at  present.  There  is  1  carucate  of  arable  land ;  and  there  arc 
two  villains.     It  is,  and  was,  valued  at  25s." 

"  In  Walton  Hundred,  the  Earl  of  Mortaign  held  Estrcham.  In  the  time  of  King 
Edward,  it  was  assessed  at  5  hides;  now,  at  nothing.  Harold  then  held  li  hides;  and 
the  Canons  of  Waltham,  1^  hides.  Three  socmen  held  2  hides,  and  they  could  transfer 
the  land  as  they  pleased.  The  arable  land  comprises  2  carucates.  There  are  three  villains, 
and  three  bordars,  with  21  carucates.  In  the  time  of  King  Edward,  it  was  valued  at  30s. ; 
and  afterwards,  at  los. ;  now,  at  43s." 

"  In  Kingston  Himdi-ed,  Haimo  the  Sheriff  holds  Estrcham  of  the  Abbot  of  Chcrtsej'. 
Ulward  held  it  in  the  time  of  King  Edward  ;  and  could  remove  where  he  pleased.  Then 
it  was  assessed  at  1  hide.  There  is  1  carucate  of  arable  land :  and  there  arc  two  bordars. 
It  is,  and  was,  valued  at  20s." 

*  The  original  medicinal  spring  was  on  the  south  side,  and  near  the  top  of  the  common  belonging  to  the  Vauxhall 
manor,  in  Lower  Streatham,  and  the  house,  built  for  the  accommodation  of  visitors,  was  called  Well  House.  The  adjoining 
house  was  known  as  Well-field  House.  The  present  well  is  on  the  east  side  of  the  \'illage  of  Streatham,  on  part  of  tlie 
common  of  the  manor  of  Leigham,  called  Lime  Common. 


t58 


HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 


"  In  Brixistau  Hundred,  the  Abbot  of  St.  Mary  de  Bee  liolds,  by  gift  of  Eieliard  de 
Tonbridge,  Totinges,  wbicb.  Estarcliar  held  of  Zing  Edward.  It  was  then  assessed  at 
11  hides :  now,  at  1  hide.  The  arable  land  amounts  to  4  carucates.  Two  carucates  are 
in  demesne :  and  there  are  five  villains,  and  four  bordars,  with  3  carucates.  There 
are  10  acres  of  meadow.  It  was  valued,  in  the  time  of  King  Edward,  at  100s. ;  and  the 
same  at  present ;  but  when  received,  at  20s." 

"  The  Abbot  also  holds  of  Eichard,  Estreham,  Avhieli  Erding  held  of  King  Edward.  It 
was  then  assessed  at  5  hides :  now,  at  1  hide.  There  are  3  carucates  of  arable  land,  and 
1  carucate  is  in  demesne ;  and  there  are  four  villains,  and  5  bordars,  with  2  carucates. 
There  is  a  chapel,  which  yields  8s.  There  are  4  acres  of  meadow ;  a  wood  fui'nishing  ten 
hogs ;  and  for  herbage,  one  hog  out  of  ten.  In  the  time  of  King  Edward,  it  was  valued 
at  50s. ;  and  afterwards,  and  at  present,  at  60s. 

"  In  Brixistan  Hundred,  Goisfrid  Orlateile  holds  Belgeham,  without  any  grant  from 
the  King,  and  without  warrant.  Anschil  held  it  of  Earl  Harold.  It  was  then  assessed  at 
5  hides ;  now,  at  nothing.  The  arable  land  amounts  to  2  carucates.  One  is  in  demesne  ; 
and  there  are  one  villain,  and  one  bordar,  with  half  a  carucate.  Tliere  is  one  bondman ; 
and  8  acres  of  meadow.  In  the  time  of  King  Edward,  it  was  valued  at  £6  ;  afterwards, 
at  20s. ;  and  now,  at.  40s." 

The  Manor  of  Tooting-Bec,  or  Tooting-Beck. — The  manors  of  Totinges  and  Estreham, 
mentioned  as  having  been  held  by  the  Abbot  of  Bee,  in  Normandy,  appear  to  have  been 
afterwards  consolidated,  forming  the  present  manor  of  Tooting-Beck.  Though  the  two 
estates  were  not  originally  held  on  the  same  terms,  yet  the  monastic  brethren  obtained 
permanent  possession  of  botlr,  while  the  descendants  of  Eichard  de  Tonbridge  retained  the 
superiority  at  least  until  the  reign  of  Edward  III.  Erom  the  Escheats  of  S  Edward  II. 
it  appears  that  the  Prior  of  Okebourn,  Wilts,  an  alien  cell  belonging  to  the  Abbey  of  Bee, 
held  the  manors  of  Tooting-Beck  and  Streatham,  by  the  service  of  one  knight's  fee,  from 
Gilbert  de  Clare,  Earl  of  Gloucester,  who  fell  at  Bannockburu.  On  the  suppression  of 
alien  priories,  when  Henry  V.  declared  war  against  France,  this  mauor  became  vested  in 
the  Crown. 

The  King  granted  Tooting-Beck  to  his  brother,  John  Plantagcuet,  Duke  of  Bedford, 
who  held  it  until  his  death  in  1435  ;  and,  as  he  had  no  children,  this  estate  descended  to  his 
nephew,  Henry  YL,  who  granted  it  to  John  Ardern  for  ten  years  at  an  annual  rent  of 
£19.  In  1441  the  King  founded  Eton  College,  and  he  assigned  this  manor  towards 
the  endowment  of  that  institution;  but  after  his  dethronement  in  1460,  his  successor, 
Edward  IV.,  resumed  several  of  the  grants  to  that  college,  and  he  assigned  to  Lawrence, 


STREATHAM.  ,55 

Bisliop  of  Durham,  for  his  life,  the  priory  or  manor  of  Totyngbeke,  parcel  of  the  priory 
of  Okebourn,  with  the  advoAVSon  of  Streatham.*  This  estate  reverted,  probably  in 
exchange  for  other  lands,  to  the  King,  who  settled  it  on  John  Tiptoft,  Earl  of  Worcester, 
Master,  and  Sir  John  Scott  and  others.  Wardens  of  St.  Mary's  guild  in  the  Church  of 
Allhallows  Barking,  near  the  Tower,  for  the  support  of  priests  to  pray  for  the  soul  of 
Edward  IV.  and  others,  and  for  the  reparation  of  St.  Mary's  Chapel  in  that  church. 
Guilds  and  chantries  having  been  snpin-essed  in  the  reign  of  Edward  VI.,  this  manor 
and  the  advowson,  in  1553,  were  bought  by  John  Dudley,  Earl  of  Warwick,  at  twenty- 
two  years'  purchase.  The  estate  afterwards  belonged  to  the  fiimily  of  Pakenham,  and 
in  1599  was  sold  by  Henry  Pakenham,  Esq.,  to  Sir  Giles  Ilowland,  Ivnt.  His 
descendant,  John  Howland,  Esq.,  died  seized  of  the  manor  and  advowson  in  1G8G,  leaving 
an  only  daughter  and  heii-ess,  Elizabeth,  who  in  1695  was  mamcd  to  Wriothesley, 
Marquis  of  Tavistock,  afterwards  Duke  of  Bedford.  Erom  him  this  property  descended 
to  Francis,  fifth  Duke  of  Bedford,  who  about  1790  conveyed  it  to  his  brother,  the 
unfortunate  Lord  William  Eussell  (who  was  murdered  by  his  valet),  when  he  first 
became  a  candidate  to  represent  this  county.  All  the  remaining  part  of  the  Bedford 
property  in  Streatham,  except  the  advowson  of  the  church,  has  been  since  sold.  The 
manor  of  Tootiug-Beck,  with  its  rights  and  privileges,  was  sold  by  John,  sixth  Duke 
of  Bedford,  in  1816,  to  Messrs.  Eichardson  Borradaile  and  Maximilian  Eichard  Kymcr. 
The  manor-house,  which  stood  at  the  corner  of  Streatham  Common,  on  the  C'roydon 
road,  is  sujiposed  to  have  been  built  by  Sir  Giles  Howland,  whose  arms  (viz.  arcj.  two 
bars,  sah.  in  chief  three  lions  rampant,  of  the  second),  and  those  of  his  wife  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Sir  John  Eivcrs  [az.  on  a  fess  cngr.  arrj.  thereon  a  fess  charged  with  tlu-ee 
roses,  betw.  as  many  swans  'ppr.  naiant),  were  upon  the  gatehouse  turrcts.f  After  being 
some  time  occupied  by  Lord  William  Eussell  the  estate  was  sold  to  Lord  Deerhurst 
(afterwards  Earl  of  Coventry),  who  pulled  down  the  old  mansion  and  fitted  up  a  villa 
for  his  own  residence  out  of  the  greenhouse  and  some  of  the  offices.  Having  passed 
through  one  or  two  intermediate  hands,  this  estate,  called  Coventry  Park,  now  belongs 
to  the  Metropolitan  Board  of  Works,  and  is  being  rapidly  covered  with  houses. 

The  Mange  of  Leigham's  Couet. — This  manor  ai>pears  to  have  been  granted  by  Ela, 
•wife  of  Jordan  de  Sackvillc,  to  the  prior  and  convent  of  Bermondsey  about  1152, 
and  in  30  Edward  I.  a  writ  was  issued  to  inquii'e  whether  a  lease  of  2  carucates  of  land 

*  Ej-mer's  "  Fcedera,"  vol.  v.  p.  109. 

t  It  has  been  tradition.iUy  eaid  that  the  okl  manor-house  had  been  a  pahace  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  but  there  are  no  valid 
grounds  for  that  report. 


,6o  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

here  to  Thomas  Eomeyn,  and  Julian  his  wife,  would  interfere  with  the  rights  of  the 
Crown,  and  the  return  was  that  such  a  lease  would  not  be  to  the  disadvantage  of  the 
King,  because  the  monks  held  the  land  in  frank-almoigne,  and  that  the  value  was  5 
marks  a  j'car.  After  the  suppression  of  the  monastery  Henry  VIII.  granted  this  manor 
to  Henry  Howes,  clerk,  who  seems  to  have  alienated  Leigham's  Wood,  in  Strcatham, 
which  in  the  early  part  of  the  reign  of  Elizabeth  came  into  the  possession  of  John 
Bowyer.  In  15G0  (2  Elizabeth)  "William  Howes,  Yicar  of  AUhallows  Barking,  conveyed 
this  manor  to  John  Southcott,  Esq.,  afterwards  a  Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas,  whose 
son  and  heir,  John  Southcott,  Esq.,  of  Bulmer,  Essex,  alienated  it  to  Sir  Matthew  Carew, 
Knt.,  LL.H.,  a  Master  in  Chancery,  and  in  1610  it  Avas  transferred  in  the  same  manner 
to  John  Howland,  Esq.,  of  Streatham,  Avho  died  seized  of  it  in  1621,  and  from  whose 
family  it  was  conveyed,  by  the  marriage  of  an  heiress,  to  that  of  Eoberts.  In  1752, 
George,  Huke  of  St.  Albans,  married  Jane,  sole  heiress  of  Sir  Walter  Eoberts,  and  thus 
became  owner  of  this  estate.  On  the  decease  of  the  Duchess  without  issue  in  1778, 
the  Huke,  with  the  concurrence  of  his  grand-nephew  and  heir  apparent,  George  Beau- 
clerk,  Esq.,  made  a  settlement  of  this  property  on  themselves  for  their  joint  lives,  with 
remainder  to  the  latter  in  fee.  In  1785  they  sold  Brockwell  Green  Earm,  in  Streatham, 
to  Edward,  Lord  Tliurlow,  then  Lord  Chancellor,  and  in  1789  the  manor  was  bought  by 
the  same  nobleman.* 

Lord  Thurlow  erected  a  spacious  mansion  at  Knight's  Hill,  a  detached  part  of  the 
parish  within  the  manor  of  Lambeth,  and  bounded  by  Lambeth  and  Camberwell.  He 
died  in  1806,  having  devised  a  part  of  his  estates  to  trustees  for  sale.  Attempts  were 
made  to  dispose  of  the  Leigham  estate  by  auction,  and  afterwards  by  private  contract ; 
but  no  offers  having  been  made  acceptable  to  the  trustees,  an  Act  of  Parliament  was 
obtained  in  1809  to  enable  them  to  sell  portions  of  the  land  for  building ;  to  dispose 
also  of  the  manorial  right  in  the  copyhold  tenements,  &c. ;  and  to  make  other  arrangements 
with  a  view  to  render  the  property  more  compact,  and  increase  its  relative  value.  Since 
that  time  the  mansion-house  has  been  pulled  down.  The  manor  of  Leigham  Court  was 
purchased  from  Lord  Thurlow's  devisees,  in  1836,  by  Beriah  Drew,  Esq.,  of  Streatham, 
together  with  a  large  part  of  the  land,  and  that  gentleman  in  1839  made  a  new  road, 
called  Leigham  Court  Eoad,  through  this  estate. 

*■  The  estate  then  consisted  of  tlie  manor  of  Leigham,  with  six  copj'hold  tenements,  containing  together  about  2G 
acres  of  land,  held  hy  quit-rents  and  heriots  on  death  ;  594  acres,  1  rood,  and  11  perches  of  freehold  laud  in  Streatham  ; 
123  acres,  1  rood,  and  24  perches  of  freehold  land  in  Lambeth  ;  and  355  acres,  2  roods,  and  34  perches  of  copyhold  land 
held  of  the  manor  of  Lambeth.  Under  the  Lambeth  Enclosure  Act  of  1822,  48  acres,  3  roods,  and  39  perches  of  land  -n-ere 
added  to  the  estate. 


STREATHAM.  i6i 

Adyoavsox,  &c. — This  benefice  is  a  rectory  in  the  diocese  of  Eocliester,  rural  deanery 
of  Streatliam,  and  arclidcaconry  of  SoutliTvark,  In  tlic  Yalor  of  Edward  I.  it  was  rated 
at  6  marks  and  40d.  (£-±  3s.  4d.),  paying  a  pension  of  20s.  to  the  Trior  of  Okcbonrn. 
In  the  King's  books  it  is  valued  at  £18  ISs.  9d.  yearly,  paying  7s.  7Jd.  for  synodals, 
i'.ud  2s.  T^d.  for  procurations.  The  Duke  of  Bedford  holds  the  advowson.  The 
Registers  commence  with  1538,  and  have  been  generally  well  kept.  Under  the  date 
of  April  19th,  1545,  the  burial  is  entered  of  "  Eichard  Adams,  the  Ilermit;"  and  there 
is  still  a  place  in  this  parish  called  Hermitage  Bridge,  crossing  a  small  stream.  The 
marriage  of  Wriothesley,  Marquis  of  Tavistock,  to  Elizabeth,  heiress  of  the  Howlaud 
family,  in  the  chapel  at  Streatham  [Manor]  House,  "  in  the  presence  of  the  grandfathers 
and  grandmothers,  and  other  nobility,"  on  May  2ord,  1095,  is  also  registered.  Another 
entry  records  the  bii'th  on  September  30th,  1710,  and  baptism  on  the  20th  of  the 
following  month,  of  their  third  son  John,  who  became  fourth  Duke  of  Bedford,  and  was 
celebrated  for  his  abilities  as  a  statesman.  He  was  sent  as  Ambassador  Plenipotentiary 
to  the  court  of  France  in  17G2,  where  he  negotiated  the  treaty  of  peace  which  was  ratified 
in  the  ensuing  year.* 

Rectors  of  Streatham  in  and  since  1800  : — 

\.— Richard  BullocJc,  D.D.     Instituted  in  1784. 

2.— Herbert  Bill,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1810. 

o.—John  Wing,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1829. 

4.—Zord  Wriothesley  Russell,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1830. 

5. — Henry  Blunt,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1835. 

C.~John  Richard  Nicholl,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1843.t 

St.  Leoxaed's  Church  stands  on  elevated  ground  near  the  middle  of  the  village.  It 
possibly  occnpies  the  site  of  the  ancient  chapel  noticed  in  the  Doomsday  Book,  and  is 
supposed  to  have  been  rebuilt  in  the  fourteenth  century:  it  "was  again  rebuilt  in  1831, 
with  the  exception  of  its  tower  and  shingled  spire.  The  latter  was  consumed  by  fire 
in  1841,  occasioned  by  its  being  struck  by  lightning.  Shortly  after  the  tower  was 
repaired  and  heightened,  and  crowned  by  an  octagonal  spire  of  brick,  stuccoed.  The 
whole  building  is  in  the  pointed  style,  and  has  a  light  and  elegant  appearance,  both 

*  The  "  Correspondence "  of  this  nobleman  between  1742  and  1770,  with  IntroJuction  by  Lord  John  Kussell,  is 
published  in  three  vols.  8vo. 

+  Dr.  Benjamin  Hoadlv,  subsequently  promoteil  to  the  fees  of  Bangor,  Salisbury,  and  Winchester,  was  instituted  to 
this  rectory  in  1710-11  by  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Howland,  from  her  admiration  of  his  political  principles,  though  she  was  then 
unacqnaintcd  -ndth  him.     He  afterwards  dedicated  a  volume  of  Sermons  to  Ids  patroness. 

VOL.    III.  Y 


,62  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

from  tlie  character  of  its  architecture  and  its  commandiag  situation.  The  interior  consists 
of  nave,  north  and  south  aisles,  and  a  large  chancel  added  in  1864.  The  pulpit,  of  oak 
finely  carved,  belonged  to  the  former  church. 

Among  the  sepulchral  memorials  here  which  were  removed  from  the  old  church  is 
a  mutilated  figure  of  a  knight  in  mail  and  plaited  armour  under  a  pointed-arched 
canopy  :  this  is  supposed  to  have  been  wrought  in  the  fourteenth  century,  but  for  whom 
intended  is  unknown.  Near  the  east  end  are  two  marble  tablets  with  inscriptions  in 
elegant  Latin,  written  by  Dr.  Johnson,  recording  the  memory  and  vii'tues  of  Hester 
Maria  Sahisbury,  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Cotton,  Bart.,  of  Combermcre,  and  mother 
of  Mrs.  Thrale  (afterwards  Mrs.  Piozzi)  and  Henry  Thrale,  Esq.,  of  Streatham  Park. 
Mrs.  Salusbury  died  in  1773,  and  Mr.  Thrale  in  1781.  Also  a  monument  of  white 
marble,  by  Flaxman,  commemorative  of  Mrs.  H.  M.  Hoare,  thu'd  daughter  of  Mr. 
Thrale,  who  died  in  1824.  It  represents  an  expu-ing  female  attended  by  an  angel, 
and  several  mourning  figiu-es,  beautifully  executed.  In  the  churchyard  is  a  large 
square  mass  of  masom-y,  with  a  cross  of  grey  marble  laid  upon  the  top,  covering  the 
burial  vault  of  Alex.  Edw.  Murray,  sixth  Earl  of  Dunmore,  who  died  in  1845.  Many 
Eoman  coins  have  been  dug  up  in  the  churchyard. 

Christ  Church  was  built  from  the  designs  of  J.  "W.  Wild,  architect,  and  consecrated 
by  the  Bishop  of  Winchester  in  1841.  The  expense  of  its  erection,  about  £8,000,  was 
chiefly  defrayed  by  subscriptions,  aided  by  a  grant  of  £1,300  from  the  Church  Com- 
missioners. It  is  of  a  peculiar  character  both  in  design  and  construction,  and  more 
impressive  from  singularity  than  beauty.  Its  style  has  been  called  the  Byzantine, 
or  Eastern  Eomanesque ;  yet  some  of  its  features  indicate  the  transition  from  the 
Norman  into  early  English,  whilst  the  lofty  bell  tower  attached  to  the  south-eastern 
extremity  reminds  the  antiquary  of  the  far-famed  campanile  of  St.  Mark's  Church  at 
Venice. 

The  Church  of  Immanuel,  on  Streatham  Common,  is  of  early  English  architecture, 
and  was  built  in  1854.  St.  Peter's,  in  Leigham  Court  Eoad,  was  erected  from  the  designs 
of  Mr.  Eichard  W.  Drew,  to  serve  for  an  ecclesiastical  parish,  formed  in  1870  out  of  the 
civil  parishes  of  Lambeth  and  Streatham.  The  edifice  is  of  brick,  and  in  the  decorated 
style  of  architecture.  St.  Stephen's,  Grove  Eoad,  is  a  Gothic  structure,  consisting  of 
a  nave  and  chancel,  and  was  built  in  1867. 

The  village  of  Streatham  is  formed  by  an  almost  continuous  range  of  villas,  extending 
from  Brixton  Hill,  on  either  side  of  the  road,  towards  Mitcham  and  Croydon.  Numberless 
detached  villas  and  mansions  have  been  built  in  different  parts  of  the  parish. 


STREATHAM. 


163 


The  (laughters  of  Mr.  Tlu-ale,  of  Streatham  Park,  erected  four  almshouses  in  Streatham 
for  the  use  of  poor  widows,  and  there  is  an  endowment  for  keeping  them  in  roiiaii-. 
Various  charitable  donations,  but  not  of  considerable  amount,  have  been  given  at 
different  times  for  the  distressed,  of  which  £240,  in  the  Navy  5  per  cents.,  was  bequeathed 
by  John  Eichard  Eipley,  Esq.,  in  1819,  for  the  relief  of  six  poor  men  and  women  not 
receiving  parochial  alms.  Near  the  extremity  of  the  village,  on  the  Mitcham  road, 
are  the  St.  Leonard's  National  Schools,  a  neat  structure  in  the  Elizabethan  style,  built 
for  the  instruction  of  about  a  hundred  children  of  either  sex,  on  a  plot  of  ground  given 
by  Mrs.  Kymcr.  These  schools  have  since  been  considerably  enlarged.  There  are  other 
schools  at  Brixton  Hill  and  Tooting.  The  number  of  acres  in  this  parish  is  2,904. 
The  Magdalen  Hospital  was  removed  to  Leigham  Court  Eoad  in  1868  from  Blackfriars 
Eoad,  St.  George's  Fields,  where  it  was  originally  founded  about  the  middle  of  the  last 
centuiy.  The  present  Hospital  has  accommodation  for  about  a  hundi-ed  female  penitents. 
The  chapel  of  this  institution  is  open  for  public  worship. 

On  the  southern  verge  of  the  small  common  between  Streatham  and  Tooting  is 
Steeatham  Park,  the  ancient  seat  of  Henry  Thrale,  Esq.,  (an  affluent  brewer  of  South- 
wark),  the  amiable  friend  of  Dr.  Johnson,  who  during  fifteen  years  was  his  almost 
constant  guest.  Mrs.  Thrale  was  highly  distinguished  for  her  conversational  and  literary 
talents.  She  married  Gabriel  Piozzi,  Esq.,  an  Italian  gentleman,  by  whom  the  villa 
and  surrounding  grounds  were  considerably  improved.  After  the  decease  of  Mrs.  Piozzi 
in  1821  this  estate  was  sold  to  a  family  of  the  name  of  Phillips.  The  house  stood  till 
about  1868,  when  it  was  pulled  do^vn,  and  the  materials  sold  for  building  purposes. 
It  contained  a  series  of  valuable  portraits,  by  Sir  Joshua  Eeynolds,  of  the  chief  literary 
characters  of  Dr.  Johnson's  time:  these  were  sold  by  auction  in  1816,  and  Mrs.  Piozzi's 
household  effects  were  disposed  of  in  the  same  manner,  at  Brighton,  in  1857.  The  estate 
is  now  in  part  built  upon ;  but  the  memory  of  Mrs.  Thrale  is  preserved  by  the  name 
of  Thrale  Hall,  given  to  a  large  house  on  the  estate,  which  was  originally  a  hydropathic 
establishment,  but  is  now  used  as  a  private  hotel  or  boarding-house.  Constant  allusions 
to  the  old  house  and  its  hospitable  inmates  will  bo  found  in  Boswell's  "  Life  of  Johnson."' 
Johnson's  favoiuite  summer-house  here,  in  which  it  is  said  he  wrote  part  of  his  Dictionary, 
was  demolished  at  the  time  when  the  house  was  pulled  do^^•n. 

The  Manor  op  Balham. — This  manor,  anciently  called  Bclgcham  and  Bulc/ham, 
was  formerly  included  in  the  parish  of  Streatham,  though  it  is  noticed  in  the  Doomsday 
Book  as  if  connected  with  Clapham.  It  then  belonged  to  Geoffrey  de  Orlatcile,  who 
is  stated  to  have  held  it  without  warrant  from  the  Xing.     The  cultivation  of  the  land 

Y  2 


1 64  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

had  probably  been  neglected  after  the  Conquest,  as  the  manor  was  valued  at  £G  in 
the  reign  of  Edward  the  Confessor,  and  afterwards  at  only  20s.;  but  when  in  Orlateile's 
possession  its  worth  is  said  to  have  been  £2.  Nigel  do  Mandevillc  (a  younger  son  of 
Goisfrid  de  Mandcville,  who  held  Clapham  at  the  time  of  the  survey)  gave  2  hides 
of  land  in  Balgham  to  the  Cluniac  monks  of  Bermondsey  in  1103.  In  the  reign  of 
Stephen  this  manor  appears  to  have  belonged  to  Pharamus  de  Bolonia,  Lord  of  Clapham, 
whose  daughter  and  heiress,  Sibil  de  Tingria,  confirmed  a  grant  of  1  hide  of  land  in 
Balgham,  belonging  to  the  manor  of  Clapham,  made  by  one  of  her  ancestors  to  the 
Abbey  of  Bee,  in  Normandy.* 

In  33  Henry  VIII.  John  Simondes  obtained  a  Crown  lease  for  twenty-one  years  of 
lands,  meadows,  and  pastures,  called  Balams,  in  the  parishes  of  Streatham  and  Clapham ; 
and  from  the  Patent  EoUs  of  2  &  3  Philip  and  Mary  it  appears  that  Balham,  with 
other  estates,  was  granted  for  life  to  Ann  Seymour,  Duchess  of  Somerset,  widow  of  the 
Protector  Somerset,  executed  in  the  preceding  reign.  In  1587  or  1588  Queen  Elizabeth 
granted  "  the  fiirm  of  Balams,  in  Streatham,"  to  Edward  "Williams  on  lease  ;  and  in 
16  Charles  I.  William  Smith  died  seized  of  a  messuage  so  called,  which  he  had  lately 
purchased  of  Nathaniel  Bostock.  At  the  commencement  of  the  last  century  this  manor 
came  into  the  possession  of  the  Du  Cane  family.  In  1855  the  hamlet  of  Balham 
was  formed  into  an  ecclesiastical  parish  out  of  the  civil  parish  of  Streatham. 

The  Church  of  St.  Mary,  Balham  Hill,  on  the  Tooting  road,  was  originally  a  proprietary 
chapel-of-ease ;  it  was  erected  in  1807,  and  opened  in  1809.  It  is  a  plain  brick  building. 
The  living  is  now  a  vicarage,  in  the  gift  of  the  Eector  of  Streatham.  In  this  neighbourhood 
are  numerous  villas,  chiefly  occupied  by  opulent  merchants  and  tradesmen  of  London. 

The  mansion  and  estate  called  Bedford  House  was  conveyed  in  1802,  under  the 
designation  of  Cowy's  or  Charrington's  Farm,  and  then  consisting  of  nearly  166  acres 
of  land,  with  appurtenances,  by  the  Bedford  family  to  Thomas  Graham  and  James 
Graham,  Esqs.,  partly  in  trust ;  and  it  was  eventually  transferred  to  the  late  Eichardson 
Borradaile,  Esq.,  who  erected  the  present  house,  with  suitable  offices,  &c.  In  1843  the 
devisees  of  that  gentleman  conveyed  the  estate  to  Eobert  Hudson,  Esq.,  of  Clapham, 
by  whom,  shortly  afterwards,  it  was  sold  to  Mr.  Cubitt.  It  is  now  the  seat 
of  William  Grantham,  Esq.,  Q.C.,  M.P.  for  East  Surrey.  Most  of  the  land  in  this 
neighbourhood  is  in  a  state  of  rapid  transition  from  agricultural  to  building  purposes.^ 

.  *  Nichols,  "  Account  of  Alieu  Priories,"  vol.  i.  pp.  1C4 — 167. 
+  In  Lysons's  "  Environs  of  London,"  vol.  i.  pp.  489 — 491,  mil  be  found  a  memoir  of  a  former  native  of  Streatham, 
named  Eussell,  who,  like  the  celebrated  Chevalier  D'Eon,  although  a  man,  was  always  habited  and  known  as  a  woman. 
He  died  1772,  when  his  true  sex  was  discovered. 


1 6s 


BARNES. 

This  parish  is  bounded  ou  the  north  by  the  river  Thames,  on  the  east  and  south 
by  Putney,  and  on  the  west  by  Mortlakc  and  Putney.  The  ancient  name  of  this  place 
was  Bcrnes,  or  Berne,  the  latter  term,  according  to  Lysons,  signifying  "  a  barn."  The 
soil  in  general  is  gravelly,  especially  towards  the  west,  adjacent  to  the  parish  of 
Putney ;  but  near  the  river  is  some  rich  meadoAV  land.  The  entire  parish  contains  895 
acres.  Water  is  found  here  near  the  surface,  as  might  be  expected  from  the  vicinity  of 
the  Thames  and  the  natiu-e  of  the  soil,  which  is  sand  and  gravel.  Several  large  reservoii's, 
constructed  near  the  river  at  Barnes  within  these  few  years  by  the  West  Middlesex 
Water  Works  Company,  are  contrived  to  purify  the  Thames  water  by  filtration.  The 
principal  landholders  are  the  lion.  William  Lowther,  Joseph  Ileath,  Esq.,  and  Ilemy 
Browne  Alexander,  Esq. 

This  manor  was  given  to  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  St.  Paul's  by  King  Athelstan.  It  is 
thus  described  in  the  Doomsday  Book  : — ■ 

"  The  Canons  of  St.  Paul's,  London,  hold  Berne.  In  the  time  of  King  Edward  it  was 
assessed  at  8  hides,  which  were  included  in  the  rate  with  the  Archbishop's  manor  of 
Mortlake,  as  they  are  at  present.  There  are  6  carucates  of  arable  land.  T\vo  carucatos 
arc  in  demesne ;  and  there  are  nine  villains,  and  four  bordars  with  3  carucates ;  and 
20  acres  of  meadows.  In  the  time  of  King  Edward  it  was  valued  at  £G  :  now, 
at  £7." 

In  the  Taxation  of  Pope  Nicholas,  about  1291,  the  manor  is  valued  as  the  property  of 
the  canons  at  £12.  In  the  reign  of  Edward  II.  the  canons  obtained  from  the  King  a 
charter  of  free-warren  *  and  an  exemption  from  the  charge  of  purveyance. 

The  estate  has  been  generally  let  on  lease  for  long  terms.  In  14G7  Sir  John  Sayc  and 
others  were  lessees  of  this  manor,  which  they  held  with  the  advowson,  and  presented  to  the 
living  that  year,  and  again  in  1471  and  1477.  Both  the  manor  and  advowson  had  beeu 
transferred,  in  or  before  1480,  to  Thomas  Thwayte,  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  and  of  the 
Duchy  of  Lancaster.  In  19  Henry  YII.  a  lease  was  granted  to  Sir  Ilcm-y  Wiatt,  and  in 
1513  and  1524  Sir  Hemy  presented  to  the  living  as  patron  and  grantee  of  the  Dean  and 
Chapter  of  St.  Paul's.  Thomas  Smyth,  Esq.,  purchased  the  remainder  of  Wiatt's  lease,  and 
held  it  in  1567,  soon  after  which  he  sold  his  interest  in  this  estate  to  Sir  Francis  Walsing- 

*  From  the  Patent  Rolls  of  10  Henry  IV.  it  appears  that  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  was  entitled  to  a  si^arrow-hawk 
{espervcrium),  or  2s.  in  money  annually,  and  also  £2  every  twentieth  year,  for  ever,  from  the  lords  of  the  manor  of  Barnes, 
belonging  to  the  Canons  of  St.  Paul's,  that  they  might  be  excused  from  ser\-ing  the  office  of  reeve  in  liia  manor  of 
■Wimbledon. 


,65  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

liam  Secretary  of  State  to  Queen  Elizabeth,  who  resided  at  Barn-Elins,  -where  he  enter- 
tained her  Majesty  in  1589.  Previously  to  that  visit  the  Queen  had  taken  a  lease  of 
the  manor  from  the  Dean  and  Chapter,  to  commence  from  the  termination  (1600)  of  the 
lease  granted  to  Henry  Wiatt,  and  by  deed  dated  in  her  twenty-first  year  she  assigned  her 
interest  to  "Walsingham  and  his  heirs.  That  statesman  died  at  his  house  in  Seething  Lane, 
London,  in  1590;  and,  as  Stow  relates,  "he  was,  about  tenne  of  the  clocke  in  the  next 
night  following,  buried  in  Paul's  church,  without  solemnitie."  * 

Frances,  sole  sui'viving  daughter  and  heiress  of  Walsingham,  was  thrice  married :  first, 
to  the  celebrated  Sir  Philip .  Sidney ;  secondly,  to  Eobert,  Earl  of  Essex,  the  unfortunate 
favourite  of  Queen  Elizabeth ;  and,  after  his  death,  to  the  Earl  of  Clanricarde.  Essex 
occasionally  resided  at  Barn-Elms,  and  Lady  Walsingham,  his  mother-in-law,  died  there  in 
1602,  and  was  buried  privately  on  the  following  night,  near  her  husband's  remains,  in 
St.  Paul's  Cathedral. 

In  1639  the  Dean  and  Chapter  granted  a  new  lease  of  this  manor  for  twenty-one  years 
to  John  Cartwright,  Esq.,  who,  when  the  Church  property  was  exposed  for  sale  by  the 
Parliament,  purchased  the  estate,  and  Eichard  Shute,  Esq.,  of  London,  bought  the  manor 
and  advowson.  After  the  Eestoration  of  Charles  II.  the  Dean  and  Canons  recovered  their 
interest,  and  Mr.  Cartwright,  or  his  representatives,  held  it  on  lease  as  before.  In  the 
reign  of  George  II.  John  James  Heydegger,  a  native  of  Switzerland,  Master  of  the  Eevels 
at  court,  resided  at  Barn-Elms,  probably  as  under-tenant  of  the  Cartwright  family,  and 
here  he  made  entertainments  for  his  royal  patron.  In  the  last  century  Eichard  Hoare, 
Esq.  (son  of  Sir  Eichard  Hoare,  Knt.,  and  Lord  Mayor  of  London  in  1745),  became  lessee 
of  Barnes.  He  was  created  a  Baronet  in  1786,  and  succeeded  by  his  only  son,  Sir  Eichard 
Colt  Hoare,  Bart.,  who  enlarged  the  mansion  and  made  many  improvements  here.  About 
1827  his  interest  was  sold  to  the  Hammersmith  Bridge  Company,  but  it  was  afterwards 
transferred  to  Sir  Thomas  Colebrooke,  Bart. 

Barn-Elms  was  occupied  for  some  years  by  the  late  Sir  Lancelot  Shadwell,  Vice- 
Chancellor ;  it  is  now  in  the  occupation  of  Henry  Davis  Pochin,  Esq.  Its  situation  is 
extremely  pleasant,  near  the  banks  of  the  Thames,  and  the  home  scenery  is  rendered 
picturesque  by  many  fine  elms  and  other  trees. 

Near  Barn-Elms  was  a  house  which  belonged  to  Jacob  Tonson  the  elder,  bookseller 
and  secretary  to  the  Kit-Cat  Club.     The  meetings  were  at  one  period  held  here,  in  an 

*  Clirouicle,  p.  1263.  Lysons  remarks  that  "  lie  died  so  poor  that  his  friends  were  obliged  to  bury  him  in  the 
most  private  manner ; "  and,  in  confirmation  of  his  statement,  he  observes  "  that  no  certificate  of  his  funeral  appears  to 
have  been  entered  at  the  Herald's  College,  as  was  usual  when  any  person  of  consequence  was  interred  in  the  manner 
suitable  to  his  rank."— ^jiriVons,  voL  i.  pp.  12,  13. 


«^ 


BARA-ES. 


i67 


apartment  erected  by  Mr.  Tonson  for  their  accommodation,  and  which  a  few  years  after 
was  ornamented  with  portraits  of  the  members,  painted  by  Sir  Godfrey  Kncller.* 

On  January  17th,  1G67-S,  a  sort  of  battle-royal  between  three  combatants  on  either 
side  took  place  in  a  close  near  13arn-Elms.  The  parties  were  George  Villiers, 
Duke  of  Buckingham,  attended  by  Sii*  Robert  Holmes  and  Captain  William  Jenkins ; 
Francis  Talbot,  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  attended  by  Sir  John  Talbot,  a  gentleman  of 
the  King's  Privy  Chamber,  and  M.P.  for  Knaresborough ;  and  Bernard  Howard, 
a  younger  son  of  the  Earl  of  Arundel.  Pepys,  in  reference  to  this  "  ducll,"  as 
he  terms  it,  says  it  was  all  "  about  my  Lady  Shrewsbury,  at  that  time  and  for  a 
great  while  before  a  mistress  to  the  Duke  of  Buckingham,  and  so  her  husband 
challenged  him,  and  they  met ;  and  my  Lord  Shrewsbury  was  run  through  the  body,  from 
the  right  breast  through  the  shoulder ;  and  Sir  John  Talbot  all  along  up  one  of  his  amies  ; 
and  Jenkins  killed  upon  the  place,  and  the  rest  all  in  a  little  measure  wounded."  f  A 
pardon  under  the  great  seal,  dated  on  February  the  5th  following,  was  granted  to  all  the 
persons  concerned  in  this  tragical  affaii-,  the  result  of  Avhich  proved  more  disastrous  than 
had  at  first  been  anticipated,  for  Lord  Shrewsbury  died  in  consequence  of  his  wound  in 
the  course  of  the  same  year. 

Advowsox,  &c. — Barnes  is  a  rectory  and  rural  deanery  in  the  diocese  of  Eochester 
(to  which  it  has  lately  been  transferred) ;  but  the  living  is  still  in  the  gift  of  the  Dean 
and  Chapter  of  St.  Paul's.     In  the  Taxation  of  Pope  Nicholas  it  is  valued  at  £14  Cs.  8d. ; 

"*■  The  "  Jlenioiis  of  the  CV-leljrateil  Persons  composiiif;  the  Kit-Cat  Club,''  -witli  a  prefatory  account  of  the  origin  of 
the  institution,  -ivere  published  in  folio  in  1821,  illustrated  with  forty-eight  portraits  engraved  from  Kneller's  paintings. 
Walpole,  speaking  of  the  works  of  tliis  artist  in  his  "  Anecdotes  of  Painting,"  says,  "  The  Kit-Cat  Club,  generally 
mentioned  as  a  set  of  wits,  were,  in  reality,  the  patriots  that  saved  Britain."  This  club  "  had  its  beginning  about  the  time 
of  the  trial  of  the  seven  bishops  in  the  reign  of  James  II.,  and  consisted  of  the  most  eminent  men  who  opposed  the  measures 
of  that  arbitrary  monarch."  Charles,  Earl  of  Dorset,  was  one  of  the  first  who  engaged  in  its  formation  ;  it  then  consisted 
of  thirty-nine  members,  and  none  were  admitted  but  those  of  high  distinction  and  talent.  They  originally  met  at  a  house 
in  Sliire  Lane,  near  Temple  Bar,  and,  as  some  writers  say,  afterwards  at  the  abode  of  Christopher  Cat,  who  kept  the 
Fountain  Tavern  in  the  Strand.  However  this  might  be,  there  seems  no  doubt  that  a  man  of  the  name  of  Christopher 
Cat,  either  as  a  pastrj'cook  or  as  a  tavern-keeper,  furnished  them  with  such  delicious  mutton  pies  that  they  became  a  stand- 
ing dish  at  the  meetings  of  the  club,  which  at  length,  from  the  maker  of  these  morceaiu,  obtained  the  name  of  the  Kit- 
Cat  Club.  As  Tonson's  room  at  Barnes,  where  the  club  often  dined,  and  where  the  portraits  were  originally  intended  to 
be  placed,  was  not  lofty  enough  for  what  are  called  half-length  pictures,  a  shorter  canvas  was  used  (viz.  36  inches  long  and 
28  inches  wide),  but  sufficiently  long  to  admit  a  hand.  This  occasioned  the  Kit-Cat  size  to  become  a  technical  terra  in 
painting  for  such  as  were  of  similar  dimensions  and  foim. 

Manning  notices  a  very  old  house  on  Barnes  Green  wliich  was  sometime  the  residence  of  Henry  Fielding,  the 
celebrated  author  of  "  Tom  Jones."  It  was  called  Milbovime  House  from  a  family  of  the  name,  of  whom  William 
MUleboume,  Esq.,  was  buried  in  the  chancel  at  Barnes  in  1415,  and  represented  by  an  incised  brass  in  plate  armour. 

T  "Diary,"  vol.  iv.  p.  15.  During  the  fight  the  Countess  of  Shrewsbury  is  reported  to  have  held  the  Duke's  horse 
in  the  dress  of  a  page.  This  lady  was  Anna  JIaria  BrudeneU,  daughter  of  Robert,  Earl  of  Cardigan.  She  survived  both 
her  gallant  and  her  first  hitsband,  and  was  married,  secondly,  to  George  Rodney  Brydges,  son  of  Sir  Thomas  Brydges,  of 
Keynsham,  in  Somersetshire  :  she  died  on  the  20th  of  April,  1702. 


168  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

and  in  the  King's  books  at  £9  3s.  4cl.,  paying  Gs.  8d.  for  procurations,  and,  according  to 
Ecton,  Gs.  8d.  to  tlie  lord  of  the  manor.  This  benefice  was  formerly  a  vicarage ;  but  in 
1388  the  canons,  who  held  the  advowson,  endowed  it  with  the  great  tithes.  Under  the 
Commutation  Acts  the  rent-charge  has  been  fixed  at  £315  per  annum,  in  lieu  of  tithes. 
The  Eegister  is  among  the  most  ancient  in  the  kingdom,  as  the  entries  commence  in 
1538,  immediately  after  the  appointment  of  such  records  by  Lord  Cromwell.* 
Eedors  of  Barnes  in  and  since  1800  : — • 

1. — John  Jeffreys,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1795. 

2. — Reginald  Edward  Copleston,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1840.t 

*  Among  the  entries  in  tlie  Eegister  are  the  following  : — 

"  Robert  Eeale,  Counsellor  of  the  north,  and  dark  of  the  pri\'y  council,  departed  out  of  this  life  on  Monday  at  eight 
of  the  clock  at  night,  being  the  25th  of  May,  and  is  buried  in  London,  1601."  This  gentleman  married  a  sister  of  Lady 
Walsingham,  and  having  been  introduced  to  Queen  Elizabeth,  obtained  official  employments,  and  became  one  of  her 
principal  confidants.  Her  Majesty  repeatedly  intrusted  him  with  her  negotiations  with  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  and  being 
appointed  the  messenger  of  her  fate  to  that  princess,  he  read  the  warrant  for  her  execution  on  the  scaffold  at  Fotheringhay 
Castle,  and  was  a  -witness  of  her  decapitation. 

"Aug.  23,  1672,  buried  Mr.  Hiam."  The  person  thus  designated  was  properly  named  Abiezer  Coppe.  He  was  a 
native  of  Warwick,  and  was  educated  at  Oxford,  but  after  having  been  a  Presbyterian,  and  then  an  Anabaptist,  he  became 
one  of  the  wildest  enthusiasts  of  the  fanatical  period  in  which  he  Uved.  He  published  several  pamphlets  with  odd  titles 
and  strange  contents.  He  was  sent  to  Newgate  in  1650  for  having  published  one  entitled  "  The  Fiery  Fljdng  Roll,"  the 
writer  of  which  apparently  was  a  fitter  subject  for  a  madhouse  than  a  prison.  After  being  confined  more  than  a  year  he 
was  called  before  the  House  of  Commons,  and  having  obtained  his  liberation,  he  retired  to  Barnes,  where  he  practised  as 
a  physician,  under  the  name  of  Higham,  and  he  preached  occasionally  at  the  neighbouring  conventicles. 

"June  10,  1697,  Mrs.  Ann  Baynard  buried."  Mrs.  Baynard  was  interred  under  a  tomb  at  the  east  end  of  the 
churchyard,  of  which  there  were  no  traces  remaining  at  the  close  of  the  last  century  ;  but  Aubrey  has  preserved  the 
following  epitaph,  -svhich  was  inscribed  on  it : — 

Here  lies  that  happy  maiden,  who  often  said, 
That  no  man  is  happy  until  he  is  dead ; 
That  the  business  of  life  is  but  playing  the  fool. 
Which  hath  no  relation  to  saving  the  soul ; 
For  all  the  transaction  that's  under  the  sun,  -v 

Is  doing  of  nothing, — if  that  be  not  done  :  > 

AU  wisdom  and  knowledge  does  lye  in  this  one.  ^ 

Ann  Baynard  obiit  Jun.  12,  ann.  setat.  suse  25,  Christi  1697. 
0  niortales  !  quotusc|,uisque  vestrum  cogitet !  ex  hoc  momento  pendet  ceternitas. 
Mrs.  Baynard  has  been  eulogized  by  George  Ballard  in  his  "  Memoirs  of  Learned  Ladies,"  and  likewise  in  a  funeral 
nermon  preached  at  Barnes,  June  16th,  1G97,  by  the  Rev.  John  Prude,  JI.A.  From  these  authorities  it  appears  that  she 
was  well  skilled  in  natural  philosophy,  botany,  mathematics,  and  classical  literature,  and  that  she  understood  Greek  and 
Latin,  having  studied  the  former  of  those  languages  in  order  that  she  might  be  able  to  read  the  works  of  St.  John 
Chrysostom  in  the  original.     She  was  the  only  child  of  Dr.  Edward  Baynard,  an  eminent  physician. 

+  Among  the  clergymen  who  held  this  living  in  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries  were  several  who  deserve 
notice  on  account  of  their  literary  reputation,  viz. : — 

Hezekiah  Burton,  D.D.,  was  a  Fellow  of  Magdalen  College,  Cambridge,  where  he  acquired  much  renown  as  an 
academical  tutor.  He  was  instituted  Rector  of  Barnes  in  1680,  but  died  of  a  malignant  fever  in  1681,  and  was  interred  in 
Barnes  Church.  Dr.  Burton  cliiefly  distinguished  himself  by  his  endeavours  to  reconcile  the  Protestant  Dissenters  to  the 
Episcopal  Establishment  in  the  reign  of  Charles  II.  His  Sermons  were  edited  by  his  friend  Dr.  Tillotson  in  1684,  with 
a  biographical  prefatory  memoir. 

Francis  Hare,  D.D.,  was  educated  at  Eton  and  King's  College,  Cambridge.     He  became  residentiary  of  St.  Paul's, 


3.—IIciir//  Ilch'iU,  B.D.     lustituted  in  1SG3. 

4,— Peter  Goldsmith  3IcdJ,  M.A.     Instituted  iu  1S70. 

5.— John  Ultcrton,  M.A.    Instituted  in  1S7G. 

The  cliurch,  dedicated  to  St.  Mary,  was  an  ancient  structure,  erected  in  or  before  the 
reign  of  Eicliard  I.,  wlien  a  hospital  having  been  founded  within  the  liberties  of  St.  Paul's 
Cathech-alby  one  of  the  canons,  the  Dean  and  Chapter  bestowed  on  it  the  church  of  Barnes, 
with  the  glebe  and  tithes.  So  many  alterations  have  been  made  at  various  times  tliat 
scarcely  any  part  of  the  original  building  noAv  remains.  The  church  was  considerably 
enlarged  in  17SG  and  1787  :  further  additions  were  afterwards  made,  and  the  walls 
stuccoed.  The  tower  is  supposed  to  have  been  built  about  the  latter  part  of  the  fifteenth 
century,  and  has  a  staircase  and  turret  at  the  south-east  angle.  It  is  of  brick,  with  stone 
quoins,  repaired  with  cement,  and  contains  three  bells.  The  interior,  which  consists  of 
nave,  chancel,  and  north  aisle,  contains  about  520  pews  and  sittings,  of  which  seventy  are 
free.  Against  the  north  wall  is  a  handsome  monument  in  white  marble,  representing  a 
mourning  female  leaning  upon  an  urn,  and  holding  a  medallion  of  Sir  Eichard  Hoare,  Bart., 
who  died  in  1787.  His  second  wife  and  relict.  Dame  Frances  Anne  Hoare,  who  erected 
this  memorial,  died  in  1800. 

On  the  south  side  of  the  church,  in  a  recess  between  two  buttresses  enclosed  by  wooden 
rails,  a  few  rosc-trccs  are  cultivated,  in  pursuance  of  the  will  of  Mr.  Edward  Eosc,  citizen 
of  London,  who  died  in  1G53,  as  stated  on  a  small  tablet  affixed  to  the  church  Avail.  He 
bequeathed  to  the  parish  of  Barnes  the  sum  of  £20  for  the  purchase  of  an  acre  of  laud, 
from  the  rent  of  which  the  churchAvardens  were  enjoined  to  keep  in  repair'  the  paling  of  the 
enclosure,  and  maintain  a  succession  of  rose-bushes :  the  surplus  funds  to  be  applied  for  the 
benefit  of  the  poor.  In  the  churchyard  arc  numerous  tombs  and  other  sepulchral 
memorials,  some  of  which  are  decorated. 

and  was  instituted  to  the  rectory  of  Barnes  iu  1717,  and  he  hehl  the  li\-iiif,'  during  ten  years.  Dr.  Hare  was  also  Dean  of 
Worcester  :  in  1727  he  was  raised  to  the  bishopric  of  St.  Asaph,  and  in  1731  translated  to  that  of  Chichester.  lie  died  iu 
1740.  The  works  of  this  prelate  were  published  in  four  vols.  8vo.  His  chief  Hterary  production  was  an  edition  of  the 
Comedies  of  Terence. 

John  Hume,  D.D.,  held  the  living  of  Barnes  from  1747  to  17o8,  when  he  was  promoted  to  the  bishopric  of  Bristol. 
Thence,  in  the  same  year,  he  was  translated  to  the  see  of  Oxford,  and  in  17G6  to  that  of  Salisbury.  He  died  in 
1782. 

Ferdinando  Warner,  LL.D.,  obtained  the  rectory  of  Barnes  on  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Hume  in  1758.  His  principal 
production  was  an  "  Ecclesiastical  History  of  England,  from  the  earliest  Accounts  to  the  present  [eighteenth]  Century," 
1759,  two  vols,  folio.  He  published  other  works  on  History,  and  likewise  on  Divinity,  and,  besides  these,  a  "  Treatise  on 
the  Gout,"  with  an  account  of  a  peculiar  method  he  had  adopted  in  his  own  case.  Yet  the  disease  he  had  professed  to 
cure  proved  fatal  to  him.     He  died  in  1763. 

Christopher  Wilson,  D.D.,  was  presented  to  this  benefice  on  the  decease  of  Dr.  Warner.  He  was  a  Trebendary  of 
Westminster,  and  in  1785  was  raised  to  the  see  of  Bristol,  over  which  he  presided  untU  his  decease  in  1792. 

VOL.    III.  Z 


j^o  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

A  district  cliiu-cli,  dedicated  to  the  Holy  Trinity,  has  been  erected  by  subscription,  in 
Castlenati,  near  Hammersmith.  Bridge. 

The  principal  portion  of  this  village  feces  the  river,  forming  a  long  range  of  good 
houses  intersected  with  gardens.  Hence  a  long  street  extends  to  Barnes  Common,  around 
which  are  many  cottages  and  villas.  Here,  too,  is  the  National  School,  with  accommo- 
dation for  about  100  children.  On  Barnes  Common  is  a  station  on  the  Eichmond  and 
Windsor  branch  of  the  South- Western  Eailway. 

The  Hammersmith  Suspension  Bridge.— Between  the  river  shore  in  this  parish  and 
Hammersmith,  in  Middlesex,  a  chain  suspension  bridge  was  constructed  across  the  Thames 
by  a  company  of  shareholders,  who  were  incorporated  by  an  Act  of  Parliament  passed  in 
1824,  and  empowered  to  raise  money,  levy  tolls,  &c.  The  designs  were  made  by 
Mr.  Tierney  Clarke,  civil  engineer,  and  the  bridge  was  erected  under  his  superintendence, 
the  contract  for  the  ironwork  having  been  taken  by  Captain  Brown,  E.K.  In  1825  the 
fli'st  stone  was  laid  with  great  ceremony  by  his  late  Eoyal  Highness  the  Duke  of  Sussex, 
Grand  Master  of  the  Freemasons,  and  the  bridge  was  completed  and  opened  in  1827. 

At  this  point  the  river  is  750  feet  wide,  and  the  chains  are  suspended  by  two  strong 
intermediate  towers  of  stone,  each  about  153  feet  from  the  shore,  and  having  an  extent 
of  water-way  between  them  of  400  feet.  These  towers  rise  to  the  height  of  nearly  64  feet 
above  high-water  mark,  and  42  feet  above  the  level  of  the  roadway,  over  which  they  form 
arches  of  the  Tuscan  order.  Eight  chains  of  wrought  iron  pass  over  these  towers,  and 
are  firmly  bolted  into  solid  granite  abutments  on  either  shore.  In  the  centre,  these  chains, 
which  support  the  roadway  by  means  of  vertical  rods,  make  a  dip,  or  curvature,  of  about 
29  feet.  The  floor  of  the  roadway  is  formed  by  strong  timbers,  on  which  the  pavement 
is  laid.  The  total  weight  of  the  irouAVork  is  472  tons.  About  £80,000  were  expended  in 
the  construction  of  this  bridge.  Of  late  years  this  bridge  has  been  closed  on  the  day 
of  the  University  Boat  Eacc,  as  unsafe  for  the  large  crowds  which  used  to  occupy  it. 

About  the  middle  of  the  last  century  the  culture  of  the  cedar  of  Lebanon  was  carried 
on  to  a  great  extent  at  Barnes  by  a  butcher  named  Clarke,  Avho  first  raised  his  plants  from 
the  cones  of  the  great  tree  at  Hendon  Place.  The  late  Mr.  Peter  CoUinson,  from  Avhose 
autobiographical  notes  we  derive  this  information,  and  who,  in  1761,  paid  £79  6s.  for  a 
thousand  of  these  young  cedars  for  replanting  in  the  Duke  of  Eichmond's  park  at  Good- 
Avood,  in  Sussex,  says  that  Mr.  Clarke  "  succeeded  perfectly,  and  annually  raised  them  in 
such  quantities,  that  he  supplied  the  nurserymen,  as  well  as  abundance  of  noblemen  and 
gentlemen,  with  cedars  of  Lebanon ;  and  he  succeeded  not  only  in  cedars,  but  he  had  a 
great  knack  in  raising  the  small  magnolia,  Warner's  Cape  jessamine,  and  all  other  exotic 


BATTERSEA.  171 

seeds,  lie  built  a  large  stove  for  piuc-apples,  &c." — i^VkJc  Tninsaclions  of  the  Linncccm 
Sociciy,  vol.  x.  pp.  274-5.)  Mr.  CoUinson  further  states  that  the  -weeping  M'illow,  "  (he 
original  of  all  the  weeping  willows  in  our  gardens,  was  transplanted  from  the  river 
Euphi-ates  by  Mr.  Vernon,  Turkey  merchant  at  Aleppo,  brought  with  him  to  England, 
and  planted  at  his  seat  at  Twickenham-park,"  where  he  saw  it  growing  in  1748. — Id. 


BATTERSEA. 

This  parish  is  situated  about  three  miles  from  Westminster  Bridge.  The  Thames  bounds 
it  on  the  north,  while  it  adjoins  Lambeth  on  the  east,  Camberwell,  Streatham,  and  Clapham 
on.  the  south,  and  Wandsworth  on  the  west.  But  besides  that  portion  of  Battersea  parish 
withiu  these  limits,  there  is  a  detached  district,  forming  the  hamlet  of  Pcnge,  between 
Beckenham,  in  Kent,  on  the  east,  and  Norwood  on  the  west.  A  great  part  of  Wands- 
worth Common  belongs  to  this  parish,  as  also  does  that  division  of  Clapham  Common 
called  Battersea  Eise.  Its  name  was  anciently  written  Baftrics-cij,  and  in  the  Doomsday 
Book  rutriccs-ci/,  probably  a  mistake  for  Fctricc-cij,  and  signifying  St.  Peter's  Isle,  the 
termination  ey,  from  the  Saxon  eye,  often  occurring  in  the  names  of  places  adjacent 
to  great  rivers,  as  Putney,  Moulsey,  &c ,  near  the  banks  of  the  Thames. 

The  manor  is  thus  described  in  the  Doomsday  Book  among  the  lands  belonging  to  the 
Abbot  of  Westminster  :— 

"  St.  Peter  of  Westminster  holds  Patriccsy.     Earl  Ilnrold  held  it,  and  it  was  then 

assessed  at  72  hides  ;  now  at  18  hides.     The  arable  laud  is  .     Three  carucatcs  are  in 

demesne  ;  and  there  arc  forty-live  villains,  and  sixtecii  bordars,  with  14  carucatcs.  There 
are  eight  bondmen :  and  seven  mills  at  .£42  9s.  8d.,  and  a  corn-rent  of  the  same  amount ; 
and  82  acres  of  meadow ;  and  a  wood  yielding  fifty  swine  for  pannage.  There  is  in 
Southwark  one  bordar  (belonging  to  this  manor),  paying  12d.  From  the  toll  of 
Wendelesorde  (Wandsworth)  is  received  the  sum  of  £G.  A  villain  having  ten  swine  pays 
to  the  Lord  one ;  but  if  he  has  a  smaller  number,  nothing.  One  knight  holds  4  hides  of 
this  land ;  and  the  money  he  pays  is  included  in  the  preceding  estimate.  The  entire 
manor,  in  the  time  of  King  Edward,  was  valued  at  £80  ;  afterwards  at  £30 ;  and  now  at 
£75  9s.  8d.  King  William  gave  this  manor  to  St.  Peter  in  exchange  for  Windsor.  The 
Earl  of  Moreton.  holds  11  hides  of  land,  which  in  King  Edward's  time,  and  afterwards, 
belonged  to  this  manor.  Gilbert  the  Priest  holds  3  hides  under  the  same  circumstances. 
The  Bishop  of  Lisieux  had  2  hides,  of  Avhich  the  church  (of  Westminster)  was  seised  in 
the  time  of  King  William,  and   disseised  by  the  Bishop   of  Bayeux.      The  Abbot  of 


HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

Chertsey  holds  1  hide,  which  the  Bailiff  of  this  vill,  out  of  ill-will  [to  the  Abbot  of 
Westminster  ?]  detached  from  this  manor,  and  appropriated  it  to  Chertsey."  * 

Spelman  ("  Glossarium,"  p.  79),  under  the  word  Bereivica,  states  that  it  means  the 
member  of  a  manor  disjoined  from  the  main  body,  as  a  vill,  or  hamlet,  and  he  quotes  a 
passage  from  the  Eegister  of  Sulcardus,  a  monk  of  Westminster,  stating  that  William  the 
Conqueror  gave  to  the  abbey  Batrichesey,  with  the  Berewic  {cum  Berewico)  adjoining  it 
named  Wendlesworde,  or  Wandsworth.f 

Many  grants  of  privileges,  in  respect  to  their  manor  of  Battersea,  were  made  by  different 
sovereigns  to  the  Abbots  of  Westminster:  among  them  was  an  exemption,  made  by 
Stephen,  from  tax  for  61  hides  in  his  manor  of  Westminster,  in  which  stood  his  aula,  or 
palace,  and  also  for  44  hides  in  Patrichesea  ;  but  the  remainder  of  that  manor  was  to  be 
liable  to  all  taxes  to  the  King. 

After  the  suppression  of  monasteries  this  manor  remained  vested  in  the  Crown  until 
Elizabeth  granted  it  on  a  lease  for  twenty-one  years  to  Henry  Eoyden;  and  in  1593,  Joan, 
the  only  daughter  of  Henry  Eoyden,  had  another  lease  for  a  similar  term.  Subject  to  this 
lease,  the  manor,  iu  1610,  was  assigned  towards  the  maintenance  of  Henry,  Prince  of  Wales  : 
after  his  decease  it  was  appropriated  in  the  same  manner  to  his  brother,  Prince  Charles, 
who  granted  it,  in  1627,  in  fee  to  Oliver,  Lord  St.  John,  and  Yiscount  Grandison  of 
Limerick,  in  Ireland.  That  nobleman,  second  son  of  Nicholas  St.  John,  of  Lidiard  Tregoze, 
Wilts,  had  married  the  above  Joan  after  the  decease  of  Sir  William  Holcroft,  her  ffrst 
husband.  In  1026  he  was  made  an  English  peer,  with  the  title  of  Baron  St.  John,  of 
Lidiard  Tregoze.  On  his  decease  without  issue  in  1 030,  the  English  title  became  extinct, 
but  that  of  Grandison  descended  to  his  grand-nephew,  William  Yilliers,  father  of  the 
notorious  Duchess  of  Cleveland.  The  Battersea  estate  also  came  into  the  hands  of  Villiers, 
who  granted  it  to  his  cousin.  Sir  John  St.  John,  Bart.,  who  died  in  1648.  Oliver,  the 
eldest  son  of  that  gentleman,  having  died  before  him,  this  manor  devolved  on  his  grandson, 
John  St.  John,  a  minor,  on  whose  decease  without  issue  the  baronetcy  and  family  estate 

*  The  1 1  hides  of  land  held  by  the  Earl  of  Moreton  were  proLably  the  same  that  are  stated,  in  the  account  of  the 
Earl's  manor  of  Streatham,  to  have  been  held  by  Harold.  The  land  held  by  the  Bishop  of  Lisieux  no  doubt  ^vas  Peckham, 
mentioned  among  the  estates  of  Bishop  Odo,  and  expressly  said  to  have  been  held  by  Harold  in  the  reign  of  the  Confessor, 
to  which  it  is  added  that  it  lay  in  Battersea.  The  land  in  the  teniire  of  the  Abbot  of  Chertsey  may  have  been  at  Tooting, 
Tv-here  Haimo  the  sheriff  held  1  hide  of  the  abbot  which  had  been  held  of  King  Edward  by  Osward,  who  could  remove 
whither  he  pleased. 

+  The  following  document  relative  to  this  grant,  or  transfer,  has  been  published  in  Dugdale's  "  Monasticon,"  from 
a  manuscript  in  the  Cottonian  Library,  viz.  "Cartularium  Cenobii  Westmonasteriensis,"  Faust.  A.  iii.  fol.  112,  b  : — 

"  Willem  king  gret  Stigan  Arcebiscop  &  Eustaties  Eorll,  &  alle  mine  thegnes  on  Surrejie  freondlice  k  ice  kithe  eow 
that  ice  habbe  se  umien  that  land  at  Batericheseye  &  Piriford  to  Crist  and  Saint  Petre  into  Westminstre,  swa  full  &  swa 
ford  swa  Harold  is  firmist  hafte  on  alien  thingen  thas  dage  the  he  was  cwicu  &  dead." 


BATTERSEA.  ,73 

became  vested  in  Sii-  Walter  St.  Jolin,  liis  uuclc,  "craiucut  for  his  piety  and  moral  virtues." 
He  died  in  1708,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  sou  Ilenry,  who  long  previously  had  pleaded 
guilty  of  the  murder  of  Sir  William  Estcourt,  Bart.,  in  a  sudden  quarrel  arising  at  a 
sujipcr  party.  This  case,  however,  if  the  account  given  by  Bishop  Burnet  bo  correct, 
could  be  regarded  only  as  manslaughter;  but  he  was  induced  to  plead  guilty  of  the 
greater  crime  by  a  promise  of  pardon  if  he  followed  that  advice,  or  of  being  subjected  to 
the  utmost  rigoui'  of  the  law  on  his  refusal.  No  pardon  is  enrolled,  but  it  is  stated  that 
the  King  granted  him  a  reinieve  for  a  long  term  of  years ;  and  in  the  Eolls  Chapel  is  a 
restitution  of  his  estates  (Pat.  36  Charles  II.),  for  which,  and  the  reprieve  conjoined,  it 
would  seem  he  had  to  pay  £16,000,  one-half  of  Avhich,  Burnet  says,  "  the  King  converted 
to  his  own  use,  and  bestowed  the  remainder  on  two  ladies  then  high  in  favour."  * 
In  1716  this  gentleman  was  created  Baron  St.  John  of  Battersea,  and  Tiscouut  St.  John, 
with  remainder  to  the  issue  male  of  his  second  marriage  with  Augcliquc  Magdaleiuo 
Pillesary  (his  only  son  by  his  first  wife  being  then  under  attainder)  ;  and,  on  his  decease  in 
1742,  his  titles  descended  to  John  St.  John,  his  eldest  siu-viving  son  by  that  lady. 

By  his  first  wife,  Mary,  daughter  and  coheiress  of  Eobcrt  Eich,  Earl  of  Warwick, 
Ilenry,  Yiscount  St.  John,  had  only  one  son,  Ilenry,  born  at  Battersea  in  1678.  In  1710 
he  became  Secretary  of  State  to  Queen  Anne,  by  whom,  in  1713,  he  was  created  Baron 
St.  John  of  Lidiard  Tregoze,  and  Viscount  Bolingbrokc,  a  title  to  which  he  gave  celebrity 
by  his  abilities  as  a  philosopher  and  a  statesman.  lie  was  attainted  of  treason,  for 
intriguing  with  the  partisans  of  the  Pretender,  on  the  accession  of  George  I.,  and  having 
fled  to  France,  he  entered  into  the  service  of  the  Chevalier  de  St.  George,  which  after  a 
time  he  relinquished,  and  in  1723,  having  been  restored  in  blood,  he  returned  to  England. 
In  1725  an  Act  of  Parliament  was  passed  to  annul  the  attainder  so  far  as  to  enable  him 
to  inherit  the  family  estate,  in  consequence  of  which,  on  the  decease  of  his  father,  he 
became  possessed  of  the  Battersea  property,  and  held  it  until  his  death  in  1751.  He  was 
twice  married,  but  had  no  issue  by  either  of  his  consorts  ;  and  Battersea,  with  his  other 
estates,  as  well  as  his  titles,  descended  to  his  nephew  Frederick  (son  of  his  half-brother 
John,  Yiscount  St.  John),  by  whom  this  manorial  property  was  sold,  in  pui'suancc  of  an 
Act  of  Parliament  obtained  in  1762,  to  the  trustees  of  John,  Earl  Spencer,  to  whose 
descendant,  the  present  Earl  Spencer,  it  now  belongs. 

BoLiXGBEOKE  HousE,  the  seat  of  the  St.  John  family,  was  a  large  mansion  standing  near 
the  church,  and  said  to  have  contained  forty  rooms  on  a  floor.  It  was  mostly  pulled  down 
about  1777,  and  some  years  afterwards  a  horizontal  air-mill  of  a  peculiar  construction 

*  Bimiet,  "  History  of  Ms  own  Times,"  fol.  1724,  vol.  i.  p.  6U0. 


,74.  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

was  erected  on  the  site  of  the  demolished  jDart,  for  the  grindiug  of  liuseed  for  oil.  It  was 
afterwards  used  for  grinding  malt  to  suj^ply  the  distillery  of  Messrs.  Hodgson  &  Co.,  by 
whom,  on  the  site  of  the  gardens  and  terrace,  extensive  bullock  houses  were  built,  capable 
of  receiving  650  head  of  cattle,  which  were  fattened  with  the  grains  from  the  distillery 
mixed  with  meal.  This  establishment  was  relinquished  many  years  since,  and  the  upper 
part  of  the  mill  and  other  buildings  were  taken  down.  The  lower  part  of  the  mill, 
still  standing,  noAV  forms  portion  of  a  flour-mill.  Much  of  the  old  mansion  yet  remains, 
including  an  oak-panelled  room,  known  as  "  Pope's  Parloiu,"  in  Avhich  it  is  said  that  Pope 
wrote  his  ''Essay  on  Man."  Some  of  the  iip-stair  rooms  have  ceilings  richly  ornamented 
with  stucco-work  and  allegorical  paintings. 

York  House,  Battersea. — In  the  reign  of  Henry  YI.,  Thomas,  Lord  Stanley,  possessed 
a  considerable  estate  in  "  Batrichesey,  Wandsworth,  and  Wassingham,"  which,  possibly  to 
avoid  its  confiscation,  he  convej'cd  to  trustees,  for  his  OAvn  benefit,  and  that  of  Thomas,  his 
son  and  heir.  In  14G0  the  trustees  transferred  this  property  to  Lawrence  Bothe,  or 
Booth,  Bishop  of  Durham,  and  his  heirs,  and  in  the  following  year  the  grant  was 
confirmed  by  Lord  Stanley  and  his  son.  Notwithstanding  this  conveyance,  we  find  that 
the  Stanley  estate  had  escheated  to  the  Crown  before  11  Edward  IV.,  in  consequence  of 
John  Stanley  having  assigned  these  lands  and  tenements  in  trust  to  the  Abbot  of 
Westminster,  in  contravention  of  the  Statute  of  Mortmain.  The  Bishop  in  consequence 
found  it  necessary  to  apply  to  the  King,  and,  on  the  payment  of  £700,  he  obtained  a  grant, 
under  letters-patent  dated  1472,  of  six  messuages,  100  acres  of  land,  30  of  meadow,  and 
20  of  pasture,  with  all  rents,  services,  hereditaments,  &c.,  in  the  above  places,  forfeited  by 
John  Stanley.  He  had  also  the  King's  license  to  enclose  his  mansion-house  called  Brygge 
Court,  which  he  had  built  at  Battersea,  "  with  walls  and  towers,  and  to  impark  his  land 
there,  with  the  right  of  free  warren  and  free  chace  therein."  * 

Bishop  Booth  was  translated  to  the  archiepiscopal  see  of  York  in  117G,  and  prior  to  his 
decease  in  14S0  he  bequeathed  this  property  to  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  York,  with  a 
view  to  the  accommodation  of  his  successors  in  the  see,  as  an  occasional  residence  when 
visiting  London.  But  few  of  these  prelates  have  ever  resided  here ;  and  of  these. 
Archbishop  Holgate,  who  was  imprisoned  and  deprived  by  Queen  Mary  for  being  a 
married  man,  lost  much  property  by  illegal  seizure. f 

*  Palent  Rolls,  14  Edw.  IV.  u.  2. 

t  In  Strype's  "  Life  of  CraDmer,"  p.  308,  it  is  slated  that  the  officers  eniplojcd  to  apprehend  the  Archhishop  rifled 
liis  liouse  at  Battersea,  and  took  away  from  thence  £300  of  gold  coin  ;  1,600  oz?.  of  plate  ;  a  mitre  of  fine  gold,  with  two 
pendants  set  ronnd  about  the  sides  and  middle  with  very  fine  pointed  diamonds,  sapphires,  and  halists,  and  all  the  plain 
with  other  good  stones  and  pearls,  and  the  pendants  in  lilie  manner,  weighing  125  ozs. ;  some  very  valuable  rings ;  a 
serpent's  tongue  set  in  a  standard  of  silver  gilt,  and  graven ;  the  Archbishop's  seal  in  silver ;  and  his  signet,  an  antic^ue  in  gold. 


BATTERSEA.  175 

During  the  supremacj'  of  the  Parliament  and  suspension  of  episcopal  rule  York  House 
and  its  appiu-tenances  -were  sold  to  Sii'  Allen  Apsley  and  Col.  Hutchinson,  his  brother-in- 
law,  for  the  sum  of  £1,806  3s.  6d.,  but  they  were  reclaimed  by  the  sec  after  the  Eestoration, 
and  still  belong  to  it.  Since  that  event,  and  indeed  from  a  much  earlier  period,  this 
estate  has  been  granted  on  lease  for  long  terms  to  different  persons.  York  House  stood 
near  the  riverside,  and  its  site  is  now  occupied  by  Price's  Candle  Factory.  Its  name  is 
kej)t  in  remembrance  by  York  Eoad, 

A  considerable  part  of  Battersea,  formerly  occupied  as  market  gardens,  is  now  built 
upon,  or  covered  by  railways ;  whilst  various  large  manufactiu-ing  establishments,  chemical 
works,  foundi-ies,  &c.,  extend  along  the  waterside.  The  establishment  here  for  the 
preservation  of  timber  from  the  dry-rot,  called  Ivyanizing,  from  the  name  of  its  inventor, 
was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1847. 

On  the  river's  bank,  nearly  opposite  to  the  gardens  of  Chelsea  Hospital,  formerly  stood 
a  place  of  entertainment  called  the  Eed  House,  which  had  long  been  a  favourite  resort  of 
the  patrons  of  aquatic  sports  and  pigeon-shooting.  The  house  stood  in  what  was  known 
as  Battersea  Fields,  the  whole  of  which  has  been  converted  into  a  fine  park,  with 
parterres  and  cricket  grounds.  The  park  covers  198  acres,  and  has  sheets  of  ornamental 
water  23  acres  in  extent. 

At  a  short  distance  eastward  are  the  reservoirs  and  engine-house  of  the  Southwark 
and  Yauxhall  "Water  Company.  The  reservoirs  cover  nearly  18  acres  of  ground:  two  of 
them  are  used  as  filters,  and  are  to  a  certain  depth  filled  A^-ith  sand,  through  which 
the  water  percolates,  leaving  the  impurities  on  the  surface,  to  be  removed  at  pleasure. 
Here  arc  steam-engines  of  500-horse  power,  which,  by  forcing  up  the  water  through 
perpendicular  iron  tubes  to  the  height  of  175  feet,  raise  it  sufficiently  to  sujjply  the 
inhabitants  of  Brixton  and  other  elevated  places. 

About  40  acres  of  land  in  this  parish  have  lately  been  purchased  for  building  purposes, 
and  a  large  number  of  dwelling-houses  for  artisans  have  been  erected  upon  the  most 
improved  sanitary  principles :  the  block  of  houses  is  called  the  Shaftesbury  Park  Estate. 

The  number  of  acres  estimated  and  tithable  in  this  parish  is  about  2,200. 

Ekctort  and  Yicaeage. — About  1159,  Laurence,  Abbot  of  "Westminster,  obtained  the 
appropriation  of  the  great  tithes  for  his  monastery,  oiit  of  which  the  monks  were  to  receive 
2  marks,  and  sufficient  reserved  to  support  the  vicar.  In  the  Taxation  of  Kicholas, 
1201,  the  rectory  was  rated  at  2G|^  marks,  or  £17  13s.  4d.,  and  the  vicarage  at  G  marks 
and  40d.,  or  £4  3s.  4d.  In  the  King's  books  this  benefice,  which  is  in  the  deanery  of 
Southwark,  is  valued  at  £13  15s.  2^d.     Queen  Elizabeth  granted  the  rectory  and  advowson 


jjS  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

to  Edward  Downing  and  Peter  Asliton,  who  "probably  sold  them  to  the  St.  Johns,  and 
they  have  passed  ever  since  with  the  manor,  and  now  belong  to  Earl  Spencer."  *  At  the 
present  time  the  rectorial  rent-charge,  including  £2  on  glebe,  is  £45,  and  the  vicarial  rent- 
charge  £969  9s.  9d.,  exclusive  of  £10  16s.  on  a  glebe  of  about  16  acres. 

The  Eegisters  commence  in  1559,  but  are  very  imperfect  in  the  former  part  of  the  last 
century.     The  following  instances  of  longevity  occur  among  the  entries  : — 

Goody  Hazleton,  aged  lOS  years,  was  buried  Oct.  29,  1703. 
William  Abbots,  tetat.  101,  buried  Jan.  5,  1733. 

Oct.  1790,  buried Wiat,  aged  100  years. 

Dec.  27,  1803,  buried  William  Douse,  aged  100  years. 

Vicars  of  Battersea  in  and  since  1800  : — 

1. — John  Gurdnor,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1778.t 

2. — Joseph  Allen,  D.D.  (afterwards  Bishop  of  Bristol  and  of  Ely).    Instituted  in  1808. 

3. — Hon.   and  Rev.   Rohert  John   Eden,   M.A.,  Chaplain   to   the  Queen   (afterwards 

Bishop  of  Sodor  and  Man,  and  of  Bath  and  Wells).     Instituted  in  1834. 
4. — James  S.  JcnJcinson,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1847. 
b.—John  Erslcine  Clarke.     Instituted  in  1872. 

Batteesea  Church,  dedicated  to  St.  Mary,  is  conspicuously  situated  on  the  banks  of 
the  river,  at  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  above  the  bridge,  but  has  no  pretensions  to 
architectural  beauty.  The  present  structure  of  brick  with  rustic  quoins  was  erected  in 
place  of  an  older  church,  under  the  provisions  of  an  Act  of  Parliament  (14  Geo.  III.  cap. 
95),  and  at  a  cost  of  something  more  than  £5,000  :  it  was  first  opened  in  1777.  About 
1823  an  entrance  portico,  of  the  Doric  order,  was  annexed  to  the  tower  at  the  west  end. 
The  tower  is  surmounted  by  a  low,  heavy-looking  octagonal  spire,  and  contains  a  clock 
and  eight  bells.  At  the  east  end  is  a  recess  for  the  communion-table,  above  which  is  a 
central  window  in  three  divisions,  filled  with  old  stained  glass  preserved  from  the  former 
church,  and  executed  at  the  expense  of  the  St.  Johns.  It  includes  the  half-length  portraits 
of  Henry  VII.,  his  grandmother,  the  Lady  Margaret  Beauchamp,  and  Queen  Elizabeth, 
together  with  many  enrichments  and  numerous  shields  of  arms,  showing  the  alliances  of 
the  family.ij:  In  1877-8  the  interior  of  this  church  was  partially  restored,  being  rcpaved, 
and  reseated  with  open  benches,  in  place  of  the  old-fashioned  pews. 

*  Manning  and  Bray,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  iii.  pp.  334,  335. 

+  The  Rev.  Mr.  Gardnor  was  a  somewhat  clever  artist,  and  a  frequent  exhibitor  at  the  Eoyal  Academy. 

X  These  emblazonments  are  fully  described  ia  Manning  and  Bray's  "  Surrey,"  vol.  iii.  pp.  335,  336. 


BATTERSEA.  177 

Among  tlic  lucmorials  of  the  Bolingbrokcs  is  that  of  Ilcnry  St.  Jobn,  Yiscount 
Boliugbrokc  (the  friend  of  Swift,  Pope,  and  Gay,  and  author  of  many  political  and 
metaphysical  works),*  who  died  in  1751,  and  his  second  lady,  Mary  Clara  dcs  Champs 
de  Marcilly,  Marchioness  do  Villctte,  niece  of  Madame  de  Maintenon :  she  died  in  1750. 
This  monument,  which  is  of  grey  and  white  marble,  was  executed  by  Eoubilliac. 
The  upper  part  displays  an  urn  with  drapery,  surmounted  by  the  Viscount's  arms,  and 
the  lower  portion  records  the  characters  of  the  deceased,  flanked  by  their  medallions  in 
profile  in  bas-relief. 

Another  monument  commemorates  the  descent  and  preferments  of  Oliver  St.  John, 
Viscoxmt  Grandison,  &c.,  the  first  of  his  family  that  settled  at  Battersea.  "When  a  young 
man  and  studying  the  law  at  one  of  the  Inns  of  Court,  he  became  involved  in  a  quarrel 
with  Best,  a  captain  of  the  guard  to  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  champion  of  England,  whom 
he  killed  in  a  duel  in  15S4.  Obliged  to  leave  the  kingdom,  he  afterwards  served  in  the 
army  under  Lord  Vero,  and  eventually  in  Ireland,  of  which  country,  by  the  ftivour  of 
Yilliers,  Duke  of  Buckingham,  he  was  made  both  Lord  Treasurer  and  Lord  Deputy.  He  died 
in  1630.  Joan,  his  lady,  daughter  of  Sir  Henry  Eoydon,  was  also  buried  here.  They  arc 
represented  on  the  monument,  altered  when  replaced,  by  busts  in  white  marble  :  above  the 
inscription  are  the  arms  and  quartcrings  of  St.  John,  impaling  Eoydon. 

The  monument  of  Sir  Edward  "Wynter,  in  the  south  gallery,  has  obtained  much  notice 
on  account  of  the  singular  exploits  recorded  by  the  inscription  and  sculptxu-o.  lie  appears 
to  have  been  a  friendless  but  adventurous  youth,  who  by  his  courage,  diligence,  and  good 
conduct,  became  eminent  as  an  East  India  merchant,  and,  as  the  epitaph  states, 

Nor  less  in  martial  honour  was  his  name, 
Witness  his  actions  of  immortal  fame ! 
Alone,  unarm'd,  a  Tyger  he  oppress'd 
And  crushed  to  death  the  monster  of  a  beast. 
Twice  twenty  mounted  Moors  he  overthrew 
Singly  on  foot,  some  wounded,  some  he  slew, 
Dispers'd  the  rest, — what  more  could  Sampson  do  \ 
True  to  his  friends,  a  terror  to  his  foes, 
Here  now  in  peace  his  honom-'d  bones  repose. 

At  the  top  is  a  large  bust  of  Sir  Edward  in  a  flowing  peruke  and  lace  cravat ;  imderneath  the 
inscription  are  sculptures  in  low  relief  of  his  struggling  with  the  "tyger"  and  his  combat 
with  the  Moors.  He  died  in  1685-6.  At  the  cast  end  of  the  south  aisle  is  the  monument 
of  Sir  John  Fleet,  Knt.,  Lord  Mayor  of  London  in  1693,  and  M.P.  for  that  city  during 

*  It  was  to  this  nobleman  that  Pope  addressed  his  "  Essay  on  Man,"  written  undor  his  advice  and  recommendation, 
and  partly  composed  in  a  "  cedar  parlour  "  of  Bolingbroke  House,  fronting  the  Thames,  reported  to  have  been  the  poet's 
favourite  studv. 


'78 


HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 


thirteen  years.  The  inscription  testifies  that  "  He  was  a  mercifull  and  just  Magistrate, 
constant  to  the  Chiirch,  loyall  to  his  Prince,  and  true  to  his  Country."    He  died  in  1712. 

Near  the  above  is  a  small  statue  of  a  mourning  female  leaning  upon  an  urn.  This  was 
erected  by  the  benevolent  James  Neild,  a  follower  of  John  Howard  in  his  endeavours  to 
mitigate  the  evils  of  imprisonment,  in  memory  of  his  wife  Elizabeth,  and  of  her  fiither, 
John  Camden,  Esq.  The  former  died  in  1791,  the  latter  in  1780.  At  the  east  end  of 
the  south  aisle  a  neat  tablet  records  the  memory  of  Thomas  Astle,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  Keeper  of 
the  Records  in  the  Tower,  and  author  of  an  ingenious  work  "On  the  Origin  and  Progress 
of  Writing."     He  died  in  1802. 

In  the  churchyard  was  buried  in  1700  Arthur  Collins,  Esq.,  a  laborious  writer  on 
genealogy  and  history,  and  author  of  "  Collins's  Peerage  ;  "  and  opposite  the  west  porch  is 
the  gravestone  of  Mr.  William  Curtis,  author  of  the  "Flora  Londinensis  "  and  other 
botanical  works,  who  died  in  1799. 

The  great  increase  in  the  population  of  this  parish,  and  indeed  all  the  suburban 
districts  around  London,  during  the  last  fifty  or  sixty  years,  has  occasioned  a  necessity  for 
additional  places  of  Avorship.  In  1827  a  chapcl-of-ease,  dedicated  to  St.  George,  was 
erected  about  midway  between  Nine  Elms  and  Battersea.  The  edifice,  in  the  early  lancet 
style,  by  Edward  Blore,  Esq.,  architect,  was  consecrated  by  the  Bishop  of  Winchester  in 
1828.  About  £3,000  were  expended  on  this  building,  which  was  partly  defrayed  by  a 
grant,  and  partly  by  subscription.  This  church  was  enlarged  in  1874.  Christ  Church,  in 
Battersea  Park  Eoad,  was  built  in  1847,  from  the  designs  of  Messrs.  Lee  and  Bury  :  it  is 
a  Gothic  edifice,  and  contains  sittings  for  900  worshij^pers.  St.  John's  Chtjech,  TJsk  Eoad, 
is  of  early  English  architecture,  and  was  consecrated  in  1863.  St.  Saviour's,  Battersea 
Park  Eoad,  was  built  in  1871,  and  is  of  early  French  Gothic  design:  it  contains  sittings 
for  700.  St.  Peter's,  ISTewcommon  Eoad,  near  Clapham  Junction,  is  a  Gothic  brick 
building,  and  was  completed  in  1876.  St.  PniLir's,  Queen's  Eoad,  Battersea  Park,  was 
consecrated  in  1870  :  it  is  of  decorated  Gothic  architecture,  and  was  built  from  the  designs 
of  Mr.  K.  J.  Knowles. 

In  this  parish,  in  the  Lower  Wandsworth  Eoad,  an  Anabaptist  chapel  was  erected 
about  1829,  in  place  of  a  smaller  one  originally  built  in  1738.  Of  the  earlier  congre- 
gation little  is  known;  but  after  the  late  Eev.  Joseph  Hughes  became  pastor  here  in  1794, 
the  zeal,  energy,  learning,  and  eloquence  which  he  displayed  attracted  so  much  attention 
that  many  of  the  neighbouring  gentry  were  induced  to  join  the  assembly.  His  connection, 
also,  with  different  local  societies  for  the  promotion  of  religious  worship  made  him 
acquainted  with  Mr.  Wilberforce,  Mr.  Vansittart,   Mr.   Perceval,  and  other  gentlemen 


BATTERSEA.  ,79 

of  station  and  influence,  by  whoso  aid  Le  established  the  Surrey  Mission  Society.  At  a 
meeting  of  the  Eeligious  Tract  Society  ho  afterwards  promulgated  the  idea  of  an  institution 
for  sujaplying  not  only  the  inhabitants  of  the  British  Isles,  but  the  whole  world,  with 
copies  of  the  Holy  Scriptiu-cs ;  hence  arose  the  Bible  Society,  of  which  Mr.  Ilughes  was 
the  active  agent  and  secretary  until  his  persevering  exertions  in  the  cause  of  religion 
were  arrested  by  death  in  1834.  Besides  the  above,  there  are  in  this  parish  a  church 
for  Eoman  Catholics,  and  places  of  Avorship  for  Wesleyans  and  other  denominations.  A 
large  Board  School  was  opened  in  this  parish  in  1874  for  1,000  children. 

The  National  Society's  Training  College. — This  institution,  designed  for  the 
training  of  young  men  to  become  schoolmasters,  owes  its  origin  to  Dr.  J.  P.  Kay 
(afterwards  Sir  J.  P.  Kay-Shuttleworth)  and  E.  C.  TufncU,  Esq.,  Assistant  Poor-Law 
Commissioners,  whom  the  ignorance  and  immorality  of  pauper  children  prompted  to 
investigate  and  make  trial  of  some  means  of  securing  to  that  large  class  of  tlie  community 
a  better  education. 

These  gentlemen,  lamenting  the  prevalent  incompetency  of  the  teachers  intrusted  with 
the  education  of  the  poor,  resolved  to  make  an  effort  for  the  production  of  a  better 
description  of  schoolmasters.  They  accordingly  visited  Holland,  Prussia,  Switzerland, 
Saxony,  Paris,  &c.,  for  the  pui'pose  of  examining  the  operation  of  the  establishments 
projected  by  Pestalozzi,  De  Fellenberg,  and  other  enlightened  promoters  of  the  education 
of  the  poor ;  and  the  result  of  their  observations  was  a  desire  and  hope  to  establish  in  this 
country  a  Normal  School  for  imparting  to  young  men  that  due  amount  of  knowledge, 
and  training  them  in  those  habits  of  simplicity  and  earnestness,  which  might  render  them 
useful  instructors  to  the  poor.  With  this  view  they  were  led  to  select  "a  spacious 
manor-house  close  to  the  Thames  at  Battersea,  chiefly  on  account  of  the  very  frank  and 
cordial  welcome  with  which  the  suggestion  of  their  plan  was  received  by  the  vicar,  the 
Hon.  and  Eev.  E.  Eden."  That  gentleman  offered  the  use  of  his  village  schools  in  aid  of 
the  training  school,  as  a  sphere  in  which  the  Normal  students  might  obtain  practice  and 
direction  in  the  art  of  teaching.  He  also  undertook  to  superintend  the  training  school  in 
aU  that  related  to  religion. 

Boys  were  first  obtained  from  the  School  of  Industry  at  Norwood,  and  were  intended  to 
remain  three  years  in  training.  With  these  were  afterwards  associated  some  young  men 
whose  period  of  residence  was  necessarily  limited  to  one  year.  The  institution,  now 
known  as  St.  John's  College,  was  first  put  in  operation  at  the  commencement  of  18  iO,  and 
it  continued  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Kay  and  Mr.  Tufuell,  supported  by  their  private 
means,  and  conducted  in  its  various  departments  of  instruction  and  industrial  labour  by 


i8o  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

tutors  and  superintendents  appointed  by  them,  until  the  close  of  1843  when  the 
establishment  T^as  put  on  a  foundation  of  permanency  by  the  directors  transferring  it  into 
the  hands  of  the  National  Society.  Several  continental  modes  of  instruction  had  been 
adopted  by  Dr.  Kay  and  Mr.  Tufuell,  such  as  Mulhauser's  method  of  writing,  Wilhem's 
method  of  singing,  Dupuis'  method  of  drawing,  &c. ;  and  the  results  of  their  benevolent 
experiment  were  so  satisfactory  that  a  grant  of  £2,200  for  the  extension  and  improvement 
of  the  premises  was  made  to  them  by  the  Committee  of  Council  on  Education,  which 
grant  was  transferred  to  the  National  Society,  and  forthwith  expended  in  the  requisite 
alterations.  New  dormitories,  a  dining-hall,  lavatories,  &c.,  were  then  built,  and  in  the 
early  part  of  1846  a  large  new  class-room  was  erected  and  filled  with  every  kind  of 
apparatus  for  the  use  of  the  students. 

Penge,  as  stated  above,  is  a  hamlet  of  Battersea,  although  separated  for  ecclesiastical 
purposes.  It  contains  several  places  of  worship,  schools,  and  public  institutions,  and  the 
district  is  rapidly  increasing  in  the  number  of  its  population.  In  Penge  Lane  is  Zing 
William  lY.'s  Naval  Asylum  for  decayed  widows  of  naval  officers.  At  Penge  Common  is 
an  asyliim  for  worn-out  watermen  and  lightermen,  erected  in  1840,  containing  forty-one 
houses  and  a  spacious  committee-room. 

Batteksea  Bridge  was  erected  in  pursuance  of  an  Act  of  Parliament  of  6  Geo.  III. 
cap.  66,  obtained  under  the  sanction  of  John,  Earl  Spencer,  lord  of  the  manor,  and 
proprietor  of  a  ferry  across  the  Thames.  It  was  built  in  1771 — 1772,  by  the  late 
Mr.  IloHand,  at  the  expense  of  fifteen  proprietors,  each  of  whom  subscribed  £1,500. 
The  roadway,  slightly  curved  and  guarded  by  iron  railings,  forms  the  communication 
between  Battersea  and  the  upper  part  of  Chelsea.  In  1873  this  bridge  passed  from  the 
descendants  or  friends  of  the  original  proprietors  into  the  hands  of  the  Albert  Bridge 
Company  by  an  Act  of  incorporation,  and  under  this  new  management  certain  alterations 
have  been  cfi'ected  upon  it,  notably  in  the  improvement  of  the  water-way  at  two  points, 
by  throwing  into  one  the  two  centre  openings,  and  also  two  near  the  northern  end  of  the 
bridge. 

At  a  short  distance  eastward  of  the  old  bridge  the  river  is  spanned  by  the  Alberi 
Suspension  Bridge.  This  bridge,  built  about  1873,  unites  the  roadway  on  the  western 
side  of  Battersea  Park  with  Chelsea  Embankment  and  Cheyne  Walk,  close  by  Cadogan 
Pier.  Farther  eastward,  the  Yicxoria  Bridge,  another  structure  built  on  the  suspension 
principle,  connects  Yictoria  Eoad,  on  the  cast  side  of  the  park,  with  Chelsea  Bridge  Eoad 
and  Grosvenor  Eoad. 

At  Battersea   Else,  forming   the  north-west  extremity  of  Clapham  Common,  many 


commodious  villas  aud  suiDerior  Louses  liave  bccu  built,  tliis  being  considered  a  plcasaut 
and  respectable  neighbourhood. 

On  St.  John's  Hill,  Battersca  Eise,  close  by  Clapham  Junction  station,  is  the  Eoyal 
Freemasons'  Girls'  School.  This  institution  was  founded  in  1788,  aud  -Ras  originally 
located  in  St.  George's  Fields,  Southwark.  It  was  established  for  the  purpose  of 
educating  and  maintaining  the  daughters  of  poor  or  deceased  Freemasons,  aud  the  school 
was  removed  hither  in  1852,  The  edifice,  a  handsome  red-brick  building  of  Gothic 
architecture,  was  erected  from  the  designs  of  Mr.  Philip  Ilardwickc. 

In  the  parish  of  Battersca  are  stations  on  the  London,  Chatham,  and  Dover  Eailway, 
and  also  on  the  West  London  line,  which  crosses  the  river  by  a  bridge  just  above 
old  Battersca  Bridge.  The  Clapham  Junction,  used  by  several  railways,  is  likewise 
in  this  parish.  Near  the  eastern  verge  of  the  parish,  at  Nine  Elms,  the  South- Western 
Eailway  originally  had  its  London  terminus ;  but,  upon  the  extension  of  the  line  to  the 
"Waterloo  Eoad  in  1848,  the  old  station  was  converted  into  a  goods  depot.  The  line, 
originally  called  the  London  and  Southampton  Eailroad,  was  commenced  under  the 
authority  of  an  Act. of  rarliamcut,  which  received  the  royal  assent  in  1834,  and  it  was 
fii'st  opened  as  far  as  Woking  Common  in  1838.  By  their  Act  the  company  were 
empowered  to  raise  £1,000,000  in  £50  shares,  and  a  further  sum  of  £330,000  by  loan. 
Since  that  time  several  additional  Acts  have  been  passed,  authorising  the  company  to 
extend  their  line  and  increase  theii-  capital  in  nearly  a  fourfold  proportion  to  its  original 
amount. 


This  place,  anciently  called  3Icre-tonc  aud  Mcrc-dunc,  appears  to  have  derived  its 
name  from  lying  adjacent  to  a  mere,  or  marsh,  of  which  there  are  yet  traces  near  the  river 
Wandlc,  which  ilows  through  the  parish.  On  the  south  Morton  is  bounded  by  the 
parishes  of  Mitcham  and  Mordon,  on  the  east  by  Mitcham  and  Tooting,  on  the  north  by 
Wimbledon,  and  on  the  west  by  Maldon  and  Kingston. 

The  assassination  of  Xenulph,  or  CynewuLf,  King  of  Wessex,  in  784,  and  the  battle 
between  the  Anglo-Saxons  and  the  Danes  in  871,  in  which  King  Ethelred  was  mortally 
wounded,  are  stated  to  have  occurred  at  Meretune ;  but  whether  Merton  in  Surrey  be  the 
place  meant  is  questionable.  Camden  assigns  the  death  of  Kenulph  to  this  Morton ;  yet  the 
more  probable  supposition  is  that  Meretune,  or  Mordcn,  in  Wilts,  a  few  miles  south- 
eastward of  Devizes,  was  the  scene  of  both  transactions. 

The  following  account  of  this  manor  is  given  in  the  Doomsday  Book  : — 


1 82  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

"  The  King  holds  Merctone,  which  had  been  held  by  Earl  Harold,  It  was  then,  as  at 
present,  assessed  at  20  hides.  The  arable  land  amounts  to  21  carucates.  There  are 
2  carucates  in  demesne ;  and  fifty-six  villains,  and  thirteen  bordars,  with  18  carucates. 
There  is  a  Church;  and  two  mills  yield  60s.  ;  and  there  are  10  acres  of  meadow.  The 
wood  yields  80  swine.  In  the  time  of  King  Edward  the  manor  was  yalued  at  £25 ; 
afterwards  at  £16  ;  and  now  at  £30 ;  yet  he  who  holds  it  (the  tenant  se.)  pays  £43. 

"In  Sudwerk  (Southwark)  there  are  sixteen  messuages  at  18s.  2d.,  pertaining  to  this 
manor. 

"  Orcus  holds  2  hides,  which  always  lay  in  this  manor,  though  they  are  in  another 
hundred.  He  held  this  land  in  the  time  of  King  Edward,  when  it  was  assessed  at  2  hides : 
now  at  nothing.  There  is  1  carucate  in  demesne  ;  and  2  acres  of  meadow.  It  has  always 
been  valued  at  20s. 

"  The  Bishop  of  Lisieux  holds  2  sowlings  SJiolinP^  in  Kent,  which  lay  in  this 
manor  in  the  time  of  King  Edward  and  King  William,  as  the  Homagers  testify.  He 
refers  to  the  Bishop  of  Bayeux,  as  a  vouchee,  and  his  Bailiff  therefore  refuses  to  plead."  * 

The  principal  manor,  which  belonged  to  the  Crown,  was  given  by  Henry  I.  to  a  priory 
of  Austin  canons  founded  here  in  1115  by  Gilbert  Norman,  Sheriff  of  Surrey,  and  it 
continued  to  belong  to  that  foundation  until  the  reign  of  Henry  YIII.,  when  the  monastic 
estates  were  surrendered  to  the  King.  In  the  last  year  of  Philip  and  Mary  the  Queen 
refounded  the  Carthusian  monastery  of  Shene,  and  by  her  letters-patent,  dated  1558, 
granted  this  manor,  with  all  its  rights,  members,  and  appurtenances,  to  that  establishment. 
She  survived  this  grant  only  three  days,  and  on  the  final  suppression  of  religious  houses 
shortly  after,  under  her  sister  Elizabeth,  the  whole  reverted  to  the  Crown. 

In  March,  1609-10,  James  I.,  in  consideration  of  the  payment  of  £828  8s.  9d., 
transferred  the  manor  and  its  appurtenances  to  Thomas  Hunt,  and  his  wife  Joyce  (with 
several  remainders),  to  be  held  as  of  the  manor  of  East  Greenwich,  in  free  and  common 
socage,  by  fealty  onlj^,  and  not  in  chief,  or  by  knight's  service.  But,  by  other  letters- 
patent,  dated  1616,  King  James  granted  this  estate,  in  reversion  and  remainder,  to  Thomas 
Ford,  of  London,  gent.,  his  heirs  and  assigns  for  ever,  to  be  held  as  before.  In  1668 
Nicholas  Philpott,  Esq.,  of  Postan,  in  Herefordshire,  held  it  in  right  of  his  wife  Penelope, 
daughter  of  James  Haward,  Esq.,  of  Eletherhill,  co.  of  Pembroke.  This  lady  survived  her 
husband,  and  having  afterwards  married  Sir  Charles  Hamilton,  an  Irish  baronet,  she 
became  a  second  time  a  widow.  She  had  by  Mr.  Philpott  a  son  and  daughter,  by  whom, 
after,  the  decease  of  their  mother,  this  property  was  sold  to  John  Dorril,  Esq.,  who  held  a 

*  The  original  is,  "  Ipse  reclamat  advocatum  Eiiiscop.  Baioce^s,  et  Propositus  suns  inde  noluit  placitaro." 


MERTON.  i8j 

manorial  court  lievc  in  1693.  lie  died  in  1720,  leaving  several  children.  Ilis  eldest  son 
and  successor  in  this  estate,  John  Chambers  Dorril,  died  in  1761 ;  and  his  widow  held 
this  manor  in  dower  until  her  death  in  1784,  when  it  descended  to  her  grandson,  John 
Chambers  Dorril,  Esq.,  who  in  1801  sold  it  to  John  Hilbert,  Esq.,  of  "Wandsworth. 
The  old  manor-house  was  pulled  down  about  the  end  of  the  last  century.  John  Innes,  Esq., 
is  the  present  lord  of  the  manor. 

Mektox  Prioey. — The  first  priory,  erected  by  Gilbert  N'orman,  was  of  timber,  and 
Robert  Bayle,  the  sub-prior  of  a  convent  of  Austin  canons  at  Iluutingdon,  was  appointed 
to  preside  over  it  by  the  founder,  who  also  bestowed  on  him  2  carucates  of  land,  a  mill  of 
60s.  rent,  and  certain  villains,  or  tenants  in  villanage.  This  was  in  1115,  but  about  two 
years  afterwards  the  founder  was  induced  by  Prior  Payle  to  remove  the  establishment  to 
another  site,  and  Avhon  the  new  house  was  finished  the  prior  and  his  brethren  (fifteen  in 
number)  went  thither  in  procession,  singing  Balve  dies.  In  1121,  in  consideration  of 
£100  in  silver  and  6  marks  of  gold  given  by  Gilbert  Norman,  the  King  granted  the 
entire  manor  of  Mcretone,  styled  in  the  charter  "Villa  de  Corona  mea,"  with  all  the 
customs  and  privileges  pertaining  to  it,  as  parcel  of  his  royal  demesne,  to  the  canons  here, 
to  enable  them  to  construct  a  church  in  honour  of  the  "S^irgin  Mary,  &c.*  About  1130 
the  priory  was  first  built  of  stone,  the  foundation  being  laid  with  great  solemnity  by 
Gilbert  himself,  the  prior,  and  thirty-six  brethi-en.  The  founder  died  in  the  same  year, 
and  was  interred  in  the  convent,  the  buildings  of  which  appear  to  have  been  completed  in 
1136.  jSTumerous  and  valuable  benefactions  were  soon  made  to  the  new  establishment,  and 
several  persons  of  rank  became  members  of  the  fraternity. 

"When  Hubert  de  Burgh,  the  principal  minister  of  Henry  III.,  lost  the  favour  of  his 
weak  and  prodigal  master,  and  had  been  accused  of  numerous  high  crimes  and  mis- 
demeanours, he  fled  for  sanctuary  to  Merton  Abbey ;  and  having  refused  to  quit  his  place 
of  refuge,  after  being  ordered  to  attend  at  a  great  Council,  or  Parliament,  held  at 
Lambeth,  the  King  sent  letters  to  the  Mayor  of  London  commanding  him  to  proceed  to 
Merton  with  the  armed  citizens,  and  bring  Hubert  before  him  either  alive  or  dead.  Put 
on  the  representations  of  the  Earl  of  Chester  and  the  Bishop  of  Chichester  of  the  great 
danger  to  the  kingdom  which  might  arise  from  such  a  tumultuary  expedition,  Ilcnry 
recalled  the  mandate.  Hubert  de  Burgh  was  afterwards  obliged  repeatedly  to  seek  the 
protection  of  the  Church,  but  he  was  ultimately  pardoned. 

In  1236  a  Parliament,  or  ISTational  Council,  was  held  at  Merton  Abbey,  when  some 
enactments  were  made,  since  termed  the  "  Statutes  of  Merton."     It  was  in  this  Council  that 

-•  Dugilale,  "  Jlonasticon  Anglicaimm,"  vol.  vi.  p.  247,  edit.  1830. 


184  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

— tlie  prelacy  having  proposed  to  introduce  the  canon  hi-sv,  founded  on  the  imperial 
constitutions,  to  supersede  the  common  law  of  the  realm — the  barons  made  the  memorable 
reply,  "  Nolumus  leges  Anglite  mutare  "  ("  We  will  not  alter  the  laws  of  England  ").* 

The  Chronicles  of  Merton  Abbey,  which  are  in  the  Bodleian  Library  at  Oxford,  contain 
the  Ordinations  of  "William  of  Wykeham,  Bishop  of  Winchester,  for  the  government  of  this 
convent.  One  of  the  statutes  prohibits  the  canons  from  hunting,  or  keeping  dogs  for  that 
sport  within  the  walls  of  the  priory,  "  on  pain  of  being  restricted  to  a  diet  of  bread  and  ale 
during  six  holidays."  The  punishments  are,  in  general,  of  a  similar  description,  the 
severest  being  a  compulsory  abstinence  from  all  food  but  bread  and  water,  and  the  slightest, 
confinement  to  an  allowance  of  bread,  ale,  and  pulse.  In  a  visitation  of  the  priory  by 
Henry  de  Woodlock,  Bishop  of  Winchester,  the  canons  are  censured  for  not  attending 
mass,  and  for  going  about  with  bows  and  arrows,  and  they  are  menaced  with  punishment 
by  restriction  with  regard  to  food. 

Charters  relating  to  new  donations,  or  to  confirmations  of  grants  of  lands  and  privileges, 
were  obtained  by  the  canons  of  Merton,  not  only  from  Henry  I.,  but  also  from  Henry  II,, 
Eichard  I.,  John,  Henry  III.,  Edward  I.,  Edward  II.,  Edward  III.,  Eichard  II., 
Henry  IV.,  Henry  V.,  and  Henry  VI.  Lysons  says  that  "  the  Prior  of  Merton  had  a  seat 
in  Parliament  as  a  mitred  abbot."  The  celebrated  Thomas  \  Becket,  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury,  was  educated  in  the  priory  school;  also  Walter  de  Merton,  Bishop  of 
Eocliester  and  Chancellor  of  England,  the  illustrious  founder  of  Merton  College,  Oxford, 
who,  born  in  this  village,  and  dying  in  1277,  was  buried  in  Eochester  Cathedral. 

Priors  of  Merton  : — 

l.—Eohert  Eayle,  appointed  in  1117.  18.— TFilliam  de  Brokeshourn,  or  Bryhesborn,  prior  ia 

2. — Robert,  second  prior  of  that  name.  1307. 

Z.— William.  19.— Thomas  de  Kenton,  prior  in  1335. 

4.— Stephen.  20.— John  de  Luthjngton,  or  Littleton,  prior  in  133S. 

5.— Robert,  third  prior  so  named.  21.— William  Freeston,  elected  in  1345. 

e.— Richard,  prior  from  1190  to  1198.  22.— Geoffrey  de  Chaddesley,  next  prior. 

1.— Walter  succeeded  him.  23.— Robert  de  Wyndesore  hecame  prior  the  same  year. 


-Tho7nas  Wllst. 


2i.— Michael  Kymptm,  D.D.,  in  1403. 


Q.— Ralph  de  Gillimj,  chosen  prior  ia  1223.  25. — John  Romeney  next  prior. 

10.— Giles  de  Bourne,  elected  the  same  year.  26.— Thomas  Schirfeld  succeeded  Eomeney. 

11.— if.  de  Basyng.  27.— William  Kent. 

12.— Robert  de  Hexham,  or  de  Heyham,  installed  in  28.— John  Kingston,  D.D. 

1239.  29.— John  Gisburne,  chosen  in  1485. 

13.— Eustachius.  30.— William  Salyng,  or  Seiling,  elected  in  1502. 

14. — Gilbert  de  Ashe  held  the  office  of  prior  forty  years.  31. — John  Lacy,  elected  in  1520. 

15. — Nicholas  Gregory.  32. — John  Ramsay,  elected  in  1530. 

le.— Edmund  de  Herierd,  elected  in  1296.  33.— John  Bowie,  B.D.,  Fellow  of  All  Souls  College, 
17. —  Geoffrey deAlkmundbury, s.^^ami^<\.  prior inl306.  Oxford,  surrendered  the  priory  in  1538.t 


*  Matt.  Paris,  "Hist.  Angl."pp.  364,  365.        t  Dugdale,  "Mona'sticon  Anglicanum,"  vol.  vi.  pp.  245,  246,  edit.  1830. 


MERTON. 


iSs 


The  armorial  bearings  attributed  to  tins  monaster)- by  Bishop  Tanner  arc — 0/-,  a  fret 
of  six  pieces,  az.^  charged  at  each  juncture  with  an  caglo  displayed,  arcj.  In  the 
"  Aspilogia  "  of  John  Anstis,  Garter  King-at-Arms,  there  is  a  drawing  from  a  fine  seal 
impression  (represented  by  the  annexed  woodcuts)  affixed  to  an  indenture  made  between 
Gilbert,  Prior  of  Merton,  and  Alan,  Prior  of  St.  Mary  Ovcrcy,  in  12G4.  The  obverse  of  the 
seal  exhibits  the  Virgin  Mary  sitting  on  a  throne,  crowned,  as  Ecgina  Coeli,  with  the 
infant  Jesus  on  her  left  knee  ;  and  on  each  side  of  her  a  medallion,  with  a  head  :  legend — 
"  S'lgi'll.  'Ecclcstc  ^ancte  iVtavic  iic  iHlcvi'tonn."  Eeverse — St.  Augustine  mitred,  standing 
under  a  pointed  arch,  having  his  right  hand  raised,  as  in  the  act  of  benediction,  and 


SEALS   OP   MERTON   PRICEY. 


holding  in  his  left  a  pastoral  staff:   legend — "  ittunlji  Hiucvnn,  nos,  ^uausti'nc,  aubcrnn." 
In  the  exergue — 

"  Augustine  pater,  quos  instniis  in  Meritona, 
His  Cluisti  mater  tutrix  est  atque  Patrona." 

The  estates  belonging  to  this  foundation  were  very  numerous,  and  at  the  time  of  its 
surrender  the  gross  annual  revenue  amounted  to  £1,039  5s.  3d.,  from  which  £81  5s.  O^d. 
being  deducted  for  reserved  rents,  salaries,  &c.,  a  net  income  remained  of  £957  19s.  5|d. 
Among  the  possessions  of  the  priory  were  the  advowsons  of  many  churches  in  different 
counties. 


,86  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

After  the  resumption  of  tlie  estates  by  Queen  Elizabeth,  that  sovereign,  in  1587, 
granted  the  buildings  and  site  of  the  priory,  with  its  appurtenances,  including  lands  in 
Merton,  Mordon,  Mitehani,  Streatham,  and  Long  Ditton,  to  Gregory  Lovell,  Esq., 
Cofferer  of  the  Eoyal  Household,  on  a  lease  for  twenty-one  years,  afterwards  renewed  for  a 
similar  term,  at  an  annual  rent  of  £26  13s.  4d.  In  1600  these  premises  were,  by  letters- 
patent  of  the  Queen,  granted  to  Nicholas  Zouch  and  Thos.  Ware,  as  trustees  for  Charles 
Howard,  Earl  of  Nottingham,  K.G-.,  High  Admiral  of  England,  to  be  held  by  knight's 
service,  as  the  fortieth  part  of  a  fee,  at  the  same  yearly  rent  as  above  :  this  quit-rent  was  after- 
wards settled  on  Henrietta  Maria,  queen  of  Charles  I.,  as  part  of  her  dower.  In  1604  the 
Earl  of  Nottingham  sold  his  interest  in  this  estate  to  John  Spilman,  Esq.,  and  in  the  course 
of  that  centui-y  the  property  was  conveyed  to  the  several  families  of  "Wilson,  Gripe, 
Pepys,  &c.,  until  William  Hubbald,  of  Stoke  near  Guildford,  Paymaster  and  Accountant  of 
the  Navy  Office,  became  owner  in  1701.  He  died  in  1709,  and  under  an  Act  of  Parliament 
obtained  in  1711,  authorising  the  sale  of  his  estates  to  satisfy  his  debts  to  the  Crown,  the 
site  and  aiDpurtenances  of  the  priory  were  sold  to  Sir  William  Phippard,  Eiit.,  member 
for  the  borough  of  Poole,  Dorset,  during  several  Parliaments  in  the  reigns  of  William  III. 
and  Queen  Anne.  After  his  death  in  1723  the  property  became  much  divided  among  his 
children  and  representatives,  and  has  since  passed  thi-ough  many  hands.  The  immediate 
site  of  the  priory  is  now  held  by  Messrs  Littler,  who  carry  on  the  business  of  silk  and 
woollen  printing  within  its  precincts. 

During  the  civil  wars  this  priory  appears  to  have  been  used  as  a  garrison,  for  the 
Derby  House  Committee,  in  1648,  were  ordered  by  Parliament  "to  make  Earnham  Castle 
indefensible,  and  to  secure  Merton  Abbey,  and  other  places  of  strength  in  the  same 
county."  In  1680  Merton  Abbey  was  advertised  to  be  let,  and  described  as  containing 
several  large  rooms  and  a  very  fine  chapel :  the  latter  is  said  by  Yertue,  the  engraver, 
who  visited  this  place  about  1730,  to  have  resembled  the  Saxon  buildings.  The  priory 
was  situated  on  the  banks  of  the  river  Wandlc,  and  occupied  about  60  acres  of  ground  :  the 
flint  walls  surrounding  the  premises  are  all  that  now  remain.  In  the  last  century,  in  1724 
and  1752,  two  calico-printing  works  were  established  within  the  walls,  the  chapel  being 
used  as  a  print-room ;  and  at  the  north-east  corner  a  copper-mill  was  erected.  These 
works,  when  Lysons  wrote,  about  1790,  employed  "  a  thousand  persons,"  but  a  great 
change  has  since  taken  place,  and  the  silk-printing  has  superseded  the  calico  business. 

Eectory  and  Advowsok. — This  benefice,  a  rectory  in  the  deanery  of  Ewell,  was 
appropriated  to  Merton  Priory  in  the  reign  of  Henry  I.  In  the  Yalor  of  Pope  Nicholas 
(1291)  it  is  rated  at  10  marks  per  annum.     Edward  VI.,  in  1552-3,  in  consideration  of 


MERTON.  187 

the  sum  of  £359,  granted  the  rectory  to  Thos.  Lock,  and  Mary  Lis  wife,  and  their  heii'S ; 
and  it  was  afterwards  the  property  of  different  families,  until,  in  17G2,  Su-  Thomas  Chitty, 
Knt.,  and  Alderman  of  London,  devised  it  by  will  to  his  daughter  Eleanor,  wife  of  George 
Bond,  Esq.,  and  their  issue.  In  his  will  this  estate  is  described  as  consisting  of  "  a  royalty, 
the  church  tithes,  the  mansion  called  Morton  place,  and  two  large  farms  named  Mertou 
Holts  and  West  Barnes."  During  its  subordination  to  the  priory  the  services  of  this 
church  were  performed  by  a  temporary  curate  appointed  by  the  prior,  but  since  the 
dissolution  a  perpetual  cui'ate,  appointed  by  the  impropriator,  has  officiated.  Most  of  the 
land  is  tithe  free,  having  belonged  to  the  priory.  The  living  is  now  a  vicarage  in  the 
diocese  of  Eochester.  The  Eegisters,  commenced  in  1559,  are  imperfect. 
Incumhcnts  of  Merton  in  and  since  1799  : — 

1. — Clias.  Frederick  Bond,  M.A. 

2. — Thomas  Lancaster.     Instituted  in  1814. 

3. — Essex  Henry  Bond,  B.A.     Instituted  in  1827. 

4:.— William  Bdelman,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1848. 

5. — John  Frederick  Fixsen,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1863. 

6.— John  Cuillard ErcJc,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1869. 

The  church,  a  long  and  narrow  structure  dedicated  to  St.  Mary,  formerly  consisted  of 
nave  and  chancel,  a  north  entrance  porch,  and  a  small  spire  issuing  from  the  roof  at  the 
west  end.  In  1866  the  fabric  was  restored  and  reseated,  and  aisles,  organ  chamber,  and 
vestry  were  added.  The  walls  are  chiefly  of  flint,  and  may  possibly  be  those  of  the  church 
noticed  in  the  Doomsday  Book :  the  doorway  is  siu-mounted  by  a  Norman  arch  with  zigzag 
mouldings.     Several  of  the  windows  are  filled  with  stained  glass. 

Among  the  sepulchral  memorials  are  those  of  Gregory  Lovell,  Esq.,  Cofferer  of  the 
Household  to  Queen  Elizabeth,  who  died  in  1597 ;  William  Baynes,  gent.,  of  London, 
Land  Surveyor  of  the  Customs  in  three  reigns,  ob.  171 7 ;  Henry  Meriton,  Esq.,  Gentleman 
of  the  Privy  Chamber  to  George  II.,  ob.  1757  ;  Sir  Thomas  Eobiuson,  Znt.  and  Bart., 
E.E.S.,  of  Eokeby,  co.  York,  ob.  1777;  Eear-Admii-al  Isaac  Smith,  of  Merton  Abbey, 
ob.  1831,  and  others  of  his  family,  erected  in  1842  by  their  affectionate  relative, 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Cook,  widow  of  the  celebrated  circumnavigator,  under  whom  he  served  in 
early  life.  In  the  churchyard  is  the  tomb  of  Mr.  William  Eutlish,  a  native  of  Merton, 
embroiderer  to  Charles  II.,  who  died  in  1687.  He  bequeathed  several  tenements  in  this 
parish,  lands,  &c.,  of  the  then  value  of  £400,  for  apprenticing  the  children,  whether  male 
or  female,  of  poor  parishioners.     An  addition  of  4^  acres  of  land  was  awarded  to  the 

B   B   2 


,88  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

trustees  oa  the  enclosure  of  Merton  Common  in  1816,  and  at  the  present  time  the  annual 
income  is  £187  3s.  lOd.  The  premium  given  with  each  apprentice  is  from  £10  to  £15 
and  £20,  the  times  of  meeting  for  the  purpose  being  on  every  Whit-Tuesday. 

National  Schools. — Mr.  Eichard  Thornton,  of  Cannon  Hill,  having  bequeathed 
£10,000  to  provide  parochial  schools,  the  new  building  was  opened  in  1871.  It  contains 
accommodation  for  100  boys,  100  girls,  and  100  inftmts,  and  houses  for  the  teachers  are 
attached.  The  educational  provision  since  required  by  law  was  thus  conferred  on  the 
parish  by  an  act  of  individual  munificence.  The  management  is,  by  the  scheme  of  the 
Charity  Commissioners,  vested  in  the  vicar  and  churchwardens  ex  officio  (being  the  trustees 
under  the  testator's  will),  conjointly  with  five  other  local  trustees.  The  schools  are  under 
Government  regulation  and  inspection,  and  receive  a  reduced  Government  grant:  with 
this  assistance  and  that  of  the  children's  pence  the  endowment  nearly  suffices  for  their 
support. 

Mektox  Place,  or  Grove. — For  a  short  time  Merton  became  the  residence  of  the  ever- 
to-bc-remembered  Lord  Nelson,  in  compliance  with  whose  wishes  a  small  estate  here  was 
purchased  by  Lady  Hamilton  in  ISOl,  about  which  period  he  had  contemplated  a  final 
retirement  from  command.  In  a  letter  from  Sheerness,  dated  in  August,  he  says,  "I 
hope  my  dear  Emma  will  find  a  house  suited  for  my  comfort ; "  and  in  another  letter, 
written  shortly  afterwards,  he  entreats  her  to  "work  hard"  and  get  for  him  both  house 
and  furniture.*  Nelson  lived  here  from  October,  1801,  until  May,  1803,  when  he 
■quitted  it  to  resume  his  command  in  the  Mediterranean,  prior  to  which  he  devised  his 
"capital  messuage  at  Merton,"  with  "its  gardens,  pleasure  grounds,  shrubbery,  canal, 
mote,"  &c.,  to  the  extent  of  70  acres,  in  the  several  parishes  of  Merton,  Wimbledon,  and 
Mitcham,  to  Lady  Hamilton,  then  a  widow  (Sir  William  Hamilton  having  died  in  1803), 
her  heirs  and  assigns.  After  the  glorious  battle  of  Trafalgar,  in  which  Lord  Nelson  fell, 
Lady  Hamilton  continued  to  reside  here  with  Nelson's  daughter  Horatia  until  about  1808, 
after  which  she  was  compelled  by  her  necessities  to  dispose  of  this  estate.  Since  that  time 
the  house  has  been  pulled  down,  and  many  smaU  buildings  have  been  raised  upon  its  site, 
and  upon  the  adjacent  grounds. 


MORTLAKE. 

On  the  north  this  parish  is  bounded  by  the  river  Thames,  by  Putney  and  Barnes  on 
the  east,  by  Richmond  and  Kingston  on  the  south,  and  by  Zew  on  the  west.     The  soil  in 

*  Fide  "  Letters  of  Lord  Nelson  to  Lady  Hamilton,"  vol.  i.  pp.  51  and  5-1.     Nelson  last  quitted  Merton  on  the  13tli 
of  September,  1805. 


MORTLAKE.  189 

general  consists  of  sand  and  gravel,  with  deep  clay  in  the  meadows  bordering  on   the 
river.* 

Before  the  Conquest  this  manor  belonged  to  the  see  of  Canterbury,  but  after  that  event 
it  was,  with  other  estates,  unjustly  appropriated  by  Odo,  Bishop  of  Baioux.  "When 
Lanfranc,  however,  was  appointed  Archbishop,  he  asserted  his  right  to  the  property  in 
question  before  an  assembly  of  nobles  and  prelates  held  in  1071  on  Pincndcn  Ileath,  in 
Kent,  and  the  cause  being  decided  in  his  favour,  Odo  was  compelled  to  make  restitution. 

In  the  Doomsday  Book  this  manor  is  thus  described  among  the  lands  of  the  Archbishop 
of  Canterbiuy : — 

"The  Archbishop  holds  in  demesne  Mortlagc.  In  the  time  of  King  Edward  it  was 
assessed  at  80  hides.  The  Canons  of  St.  Paul's  hold  8  of  these  hides,t  which  were 
included  in  that  assessment ;  and  they  are  now  rated  together  at  25  hides.  The  arable 
land  consists  of  35  carueatcs.  Five  carucates  are  in  demesne;  and  there  arc  eighty 
villains,  and  fourteen  bordars,  with  28  carucates.  There  is  a  church ;  and  sixteen  bond- 
men ;  and  two  mills  worth  100s. ;  and  20  acres  of  meadow.  The  wood  yields  fifty-five  swine 
for  pannage. — There  are  [belonging  to  this  manor]  in  London  seventeen  houses,  paying  52d. ; 
in  Southwark,  four  houses,  paying  27d.  ;  and  from  the  vill  of  Putelei,  20s.  toll;  and  one 
fishery  not  rated  :  this  fishery  Earl  Harold  held  in  Mortlage,  in  the  time  of  King  Edward, 
and  Stigand  the  Archbishop  held  it  a  long  while  in  the  reign  of  William ;  yet  they  say 
that  Ilarold  erected  it  by  force  in  the  land  of  Chingestune  and  that  of  the  Canons  of 
St.  Paul's.  The  whole  manor,  in  the  time  of  King  Edward,  was  valued  at  £32,  afterwards 
at  £10,  and  now  at  £38." 

It  is  evident  from  the  survey  that  the  ancient  manor  of  Mortlake  was  of  great  extent, 
and,  in  fact,  it  not  only  comprised  the  present  parish,  but  likewise  those  of  Wimbledon 
Putney,  and  Barnes.  At  a  long  subsequent  period  it  was  included  in  the  manor  of 
Wimbledon,  at  which  place  the  original  church  was  situated ;  but  the  principal  mansion, 
or  manor-house,  was  at  Mortlake.  This  became  the  occasional  residence  of  the  Arch- 
bishops of  Canterbui-y,  and  many  of  theii-  public  acts  are  dated  from  here.ij;     Archbishop 

*  Aubrey  says  that  the  saud  takeu  from  the  bed  of  the  Thames  at  this  place  makes  an  excellent  cement  ^^■ith  a  sm.iU 
proportion  of  lime,  and  that  it  is  found  '•  experimentally  to  bind  stronger  than  any  other." — Surrey,  vol.  i.  p.  91. 

+  These  8  hides  formed  the  manor  of  Barnes. 

t  The  festival  of  Whitsuntide  was  celebrated  at  Mortlake,  in  1099,  by  Archbishop  Ansebn,  and  here  also  he  held  an 
ordination  in  the  reign  of  Henry  I.  Archbishop  Corboyle  was  confined  to  his  liouse  at  Mortlake  by  sickness  in  1136.  It 
was  here  that  the  death  of  Archbishop  Peckham  took  place  in  1292,  and  that  of  Walter  Reynolds  in  1327.  Simon 
Mepham,  Sletropolitan  in  the  early  part  of  the  reign  of  Edward  III.,  having  incurred  the  displeasure  of  the  Pope,  was 
excomm\micated  by  him,  and,  retiring  to  Mortlake  manor-house,  passed  many  days  in  solitude.  Nicholas  Bubbe^vith, 
Keeper  of  the  Privy  Seal  and  Lord  Treasurer  under  Henry  IV.,  was  consecrated  Bishop  of  London  in  140G,  in  tlie  manorial 
chapel,  by  Archbishop  Arundel,  assisted  by  the  Bishops  of  Winchester  and  Worcester.  Archbishop  AVarliam  was 
probably  the  last  prelate  who  resided  at  Mortlake,  as  his  immediate  succes-sor,  Cranmer,  alienated  the  manor  to  the  King. 


I  go  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

Cranmer  conyeyed  it,  with  the  Wimbledon  manor,  &c.,  to  Ueniy  VIII.  in  exchange  for 
other  lands.*  In  Queen  Elizabeth's  reign  this  estate  was  held  by  Sir  Thomas  Cecil, 
who  sold  it  to  Eobert  Walter,  Esq.,  by  whom,  in  1594,  it  was  conveyed  to  Elizabeth, 
widow  of  Ilugh  Stukeley,  Esq.  Her  sou.  Sir  Thomas  Stukeley,  Knt.,  of  March,  Somerset, 
transferred  the  estate  to  William  Penn  in  1607.  Manning  says  that  it  appears  by  deeds 
that  Mortlake  House  was  standing  in  1663,  but  is  supposed  to  have  been  taken  down  not 
long  after  1700.t 

This  parish  is  now  in  the  archdeaconry  of  Southwark  and  diocese  of  Eochester ;  and 
the  living  is  a  vicarage,  in  the  gift  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Worcester.  Down  till  the 
recent  (1876)  transfer  of  the  parish  from  the  diocese  of  London  to  that  of  Eochester,  the 
living  was  only  a  perpetual  curacy,  subordinate  to  Wimbledon,  the  latter  being  the  mother 
church,  though  Mortlake  was  the  primary  seat  of  the  manor.  In  the  King's  books  Mortlake 
is  retiu'ned  as  "  not  in  charge."  Eormerly  it  was  a  "  peculiar  "  of  the  Archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury ;  but  under  an  order  of  Council  made  in  1845,  and  ratifying  certain  proceedings 
of  the  Ecclesiastical  Commissioners,  the  parishes  of  Mortlake  and  Wimbledon,  St.  Mary's 
Newington,  Barnes  and  Putney,  all  peculiars  of  the  same  prelate,  were  added  to  the  see 
of  London  from  and  after  January  1st,  1846. J  The  Eegisters  commence  in  1599. 
Among  the  entries  of  burials  are  those  of  Margaret  Boui-ne,  widow,  April  21,  1637, 
"  thought  to  be  above  cue  hundred  years  old ; "  and  William  Bakerage,  "  aged  103, 
October  20,  1741."  § 

Perpetual  Citrates  of  Mortlake  in  and  since  1800  : — 

1. — Septimus  Collinson,  D.D,     Licensed  in  1799. 
2. — Edivard  Owen,  B.A.     Licensed  in  1813. 
3. — Edtvard  James,  M.A.     Licensed  in  1820. 

*  It  is  probaMe  that  the  King  occasionally  dwelt  here,  as  in  1543  he  caused  the  chuich  to  he  rehuUt  on  the  spot 
which  it  now  occupies,  the  original  site  being  adjacent  to  the  manor-house.  Leland,  speaking  of  Mortlake  House  in  his 
"  Cygnea  Cantio,"  says — 

"  Dehinc  et  mortuus  est  lacus,  superba 
ViUai  effigies,  domusque  nota." 

In  the  commentary  on  this  passage  it  is  called  "  Villa  eximie  splendida." — (Itinerary,  vol.  ix.)  The  words  mortuus 
lacus,  the  dead  lake,  refer  to  a  presumed  etymology  of  the  name  of  Mortlake.  Stow,  under  the  date  1240,  records  that 
"  Manie  strange  and  great  fishes  came  ashore,  whereof  eleven  were  Sea  buls  [seals  ?],  and  one  of  large  bignesse  passed  up 
the  river  of  Thamis,  through  the  bridge  of  London  vnhm-t,  til  he  came  as  far  as  the  King's  house  [possibly  the  Archbishop's 
house,  then  in  the  King's  possession],  at  Mortlake,  where  hee  was  killed." — Chronidc,  p.  280. 

t  "  Surrey,"  vol.  iii.  p.  306. 

%  Vide  Second  General  Eeport  from  the  Ecclesiastical  Commissioners,  ordered  to  be  printed  15th  Jime,  1847. 

§  In  the  parish  accounts  is  mentioned  the  putting  up  a  penance  seat  in  1638.  In  1646  was  paid  "for  Blotting  out 
the  Cherubims  in  the  Church,  2s.  6d.,"  and  for  "  a  frame,  and  a  whip  that  hangs  in  the  church  for  drunkards,  Is. "  In 
1662  £Z  7s.  was  paid  for  erecting  and  painting  a  ducking-stool  for  scolds. 


MORTLAKE. 


191 


A.— Edward  Aislauic  Oinmannci/j'K.k..     Licensed  in  1832, 
5. — Fred.  John  Ilmvlccs  Reeves^  M.A.    Licensed  in  1S4L 
G. — Henry  Hutchinson  Swmn//,  M.A.     Licensed  in  1850. 
7. — -Toliii  T.  3Ianlei/,  M.A.     Licensed  in  1855. 
S. — Lawrence  John  Harrison,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1863. 
^.—Albert  Shadwcll  Siiutie,  M.A.     Instituted  in  18G5. 
The  church,  was  first  erected  on  its  present  site  after  the  exchange  between  Arch- 
bishop Cranmer  and  Hemy  YIIL,  and  from  the  inscription  over  the  window  above  the 
doorway  in   the   tower,  'Fitint  1{,  "p.^,  8.  1543,   it  is   sui^posed  to  have  been  built  by 
that  sovereign.     The  tower  consists  of  four  stories  :   the  three  lowermost  are  of  flint  and 
stone  in  chcqucr-work,  strengthened  by  buttresses  at  the  angles ;  the  upper  story  is  of 
brick  with  stone  dressings,  and  crowned  by  a  modern  lantern  cupola  and  vaue.    Within 
the  octangular  turret  on  the  north  side  is  a  spii'al  staii-case  leading  to  the  belfry  and 
roof,  in  which  are  eight  musical  bells.     The  body  of  the  church  is  of  brick,  and  extremely 
plain :  it  has  been  rebuilt  and  much  enlarged  at  diff'ereut  periods.     The  ceiling,  which 
is  flat,  is  divided  into  ornamental  panels,  and  supported  by  Tuscan  columns.     At  the 
east  end  is  a  Corinthian  screen  of  oak,  the  central  part  forming  a  pointed  arch,  under 
which   is  a  painting  of  the    Entombment  of  Chi-ist   by  Yandorgutch,  who  resided  at 
Mortlake,  and  by  whom  it  was  presented  in  1794.     The  font,  octagonal  and  of  stone, 
was  probably  given  by  Archbishop  Bouchier,  temp.  Henry  YL,  as  it  includes  his  arms, 
viz.  a  cross  cngr.  between  foiu-  water  bougets,  and  the  arms  of  the  see  of  Canterbury,  &c., 
among  its  facial  sculptures.     On  the  north  side  is  a  spacious  vestry,  and  against  the 
walls   are   several   sepulchral    tablets,    including   a   memorial    for    Sir    Philip    Francis, 
K.G.C.B.,  to  whom  the  "  Letters  of  Junius  "  have  been  attributed.     He  died  in  1818, 
and  was  buried  in  this  church. 

The  memory  of  Ilenry  Addiugton,  Yiscount  Sidmouth,  Speaker  of  the  Ilouse  of 
Commons  from  1789  until  1801,  and  subsequently  President  of  the  Council,  Lord  Privy 
Seal,  and  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Home  Department,  is  recorded  on  a  handsome  sarco- 
phagus of  white  marble  on  the  north  side  of  the  communion-table.*  He  was  the  eldest 
son  of  Dr.  Addington,  physician  to  George  III.,  Avith  whom  he  became  so  great  a  favourite 
as  to  acquii'c  the  appellation  of  the  King's  Friend.  Ho  was  born  in  1757,  and  dying 
at  the  'Wiiite  Lodge,  Eichmond  Park,  in  1844,  was  interred  in  Mortlake  Churchyard, 
where  a  low-ridged  tomb,  surrounded  by  ii'on  railings,  has  been  raised  over  his  burial 
vault.     Another  elegant  monument  (beneath  the  former),  representing  a  dying  female 

*  The  inscrirtion  states  that  "  his  body  was  deposited  in  a  vault  beneath  the  church,"  but  this  is  erroneous. 


102  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

on  a  couch,  with  other  small  attendant  figures  in  high  relief,  and  of  white  marble,  com- 
memorates the  virtues  and  decease  of  Ursula  Mary,  Viscountess  Sidmouth,  daughter  and 
coheiress  of  Leonard  Hammond,  Esq.,  of  Cheam,  who  died  in  1811. 

On  the  east  wall,  southward,  is  affixed  an  elaborate  monument  of  different  marbles 
for  the  Honourable  Francis  Coventry,  a  son  of  Thomas,  Lord  Coventry,  Lord  Keeper  of 
the  Great  Seal  in  the  reign  of  Charles  I.  At  the  sides  are  full-sized  statues  of  a  male 
and  female,  supporting  a  heavy  pediment  and  funeral  urn.  The  inscription,  partly  in 
Latin,  states  that  he  was  born  at  Crombe,  Worcester,  in  1613,  and  died  at  Mortlake 
in  1699.  Eobert  Devenish,  Esq.,  Norroy  Zing-at-Arms,  who  died  in  1704,  is  com- 
memorated, with  others  of  his  family,  by  an  oval  tablet  at  the  north  side  of  the  organ 
gallery. 

Sir  John  Barnard,  Znt.,  Alderman,  and  representative  of  London  in  six  successive 
Parliaments,  was  buried  in  the  chancel  in  1764.  He  was  a  philanthropist  and  true 
patriot ;  and  he  is  noticed  in  connection  with  the  "  Man  of  Eoss  "  by  Pope  in  the 
Epilogue  to  his  "Satires."  He  was  Lord  Mayor  in  1737,  and  his  conduct  iu  the  civic 
chair  excited  great  admiration.  ""■ 

Another  distinguished  patriot  and  alderman  of  London,  namely,  Mr.  John  Barber, 
lies  buried  in  the  churchyard,  towards  the  enlargement  of  which,  in  1723,  he  had  given 
a  piece  of  ground.  He  was  born  within  the  City  in  1675,  and  though  of  humble  birth, 
and  bred  a  printer,  he  obtained  such  influence  by  his  good  conduct  and  assiduity  as  to 
be  chosen  its  chief  magistrate  in  1733.  His  gains  from  trade  were  considerable,  as  he 
was  warmly  patronised  by  the  Tories  of  his  day ;  but  much  of  his  ojjulence  was  derived 
from  realised  speculations  in  South  Sea  stock.  With  a  portion  of  his  wealth  he  bought 
an  estate  at  East  Sheen,  which  long  afterwards  became  the  seat  of  Sir  Philip  Francis. 
He  was  a  Jacobite,  and  a  zealous  Tory,  in  consequence  of  which  he  became  intimate  with 
Lord  Bolingbroke,  Dean  Swift,  and  Pope,  to  each  of  Avhom  he  bequeathed  a  legacy.  He 
died  in  1740-41.  In  the  inscription  on  his  tomb  he  is  characterized  as  a  "  constant  bene- 
factor to  the  poor,  true  to  bis  principles  in  Church  and  State,  an  uj^right  magistrate  in 
the  most  corrupt  times,  and  greatly  instrumental  in  defeating  a  scheme  of  a  general 
excise"  in  the  j^ear  of  his  mayoralty. 

*  This  eminent  man,  'bom  at  Reading  in  1685,  was  originally  one  of  tlie  Society  of  Friends  ;  but  becoming  a  member 
of  the  Established  Church  from  com-iction,  he  was  baptized  by  Bishop  Compton.  He  distinguished  himself  by  his  continued 
exertions  to  promote  the  happiness  of  his  fellow-citizens  and  the  prosperity  of  his  country,  particularly  in  his  successful 
opposition  to  the  Excise  Scheme  of  Sir  Eobert  AValpole,  and  by  his  standing  forward  at  the  head  of  the  merchants  for  the 
support  of  public  credit  during  the  Scotch  rebellion  in  1745.  As  a  tribute  to  his  wtues  his  statue  was  erected  in  the 
Royal  Exchange,  and  it  is  recorded  as  an  instance  of  his  modesty  that  he  could  never  afterwards  be  prevailed  on  to  enter 
that  edifice. 


MORTLAKE. 


'93 


Christ  Chukch  was  built  at  East  Sheen,  in  the  south-'west  part  of  the  parish,  in  18G4, 
as  a  chapel-of-ease  to  the  parish  church.  Large  new  National  Schools  were  built  in 
1869,  and  a  Board  School  has  recently  been  opened  in  the  Lower  Eichnioud  Koad.  A 
vicarage  was  also  erected  in  186G. 

Among  the  several  charities  of  this  parish  may  be  noticed  the  foundation  of  a  charity 
school  about  1670,  towards  supporting  which  the  munificent  Edward  Colston,  a  Eristol 
merchant,  who  in  his  lifetime  expended  more  than  £70,000  in  charitable  gifts  and 
institutions,  bequeathed  in  1720  the  annual  sum  of  £45  for  twelve  years.  He  resided 
for  some  time  in  an  ancient  house  at  Mortlake,  said  to  have  been  once  the  abode  of 
Oliver  Cromwell,  and  thence  called  Cromwell  House.*  A  red-brick  mansion,  of  Tudor 
architecture,  now  occupies  the  site  of  Cromwell  House,  which  was  pulled  down  about 
1860.    This  building  is  the  residence  of  James  "Wigan,  Esq. 

In  Sheen  Lane  is  an  Independent  meeting-house,  erected  in  1716,  and  since  enlarged. 
Numerous  legacies  and  donations,  producing  a  considerable  yearly  income,  have  been  made 
for  the  poor  of  Mortlake. 

The  manor  of  East  Sheen  and  "West  Hall,  anciently  included  in  that  of  Mortlake 
and  Wimbledon,  was  enfranchised  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VII.,  when  in  the  possession 
of  the  Welbecks.  It  afterwards  passed  by  sale  and  otherwise  to  the  families  of  Brace- 
bridge,  Whitfield,  Juxon,  Kay,  and  Taylor.  Edward  Taylor,  Esq.,  who  died  in  1786, 
bequeathed  part  of  this  estate  to  his  widow,  with  remainder  to  his  son,  and  the  other 
parts  to  his  thi-ee  daughters.  In  1808  a  court  was  held  in  the  names  of  Mrs.  Tajdor 
and  her  daughters,  but  the  manorial  property  has  been  since  divided.  East  Sheen  Is 
a  pleasant  hamlet,  situated  on  elevated  ground  away  from  the  Thames,  and  bordering  on 
Eichmond  Park. 

The  memorable  law  proceedings  to  determine  the  right  of  a  public  way  thi'ough 
Eichmond  Park,  of  which  some  account  has  been  ah-eady  given,  f  were  commenced  from 
the  proceeds  of  a  subscription  originating  about  1753  among  the  inhabitants  of  East 
Sheen,  who  had  been  debarred  from  that  privilege,  fii-st  by  Su-  Eobert  Walpole,  when 
Eanger  of  the  park,  and  afterwards  by  the  Princess  Amelia,  daughter  of  George  II.  The 
successful  result  was  chiefly  owing  to  the  energy  and  perseverance  of  Mr.  John  LcM'is,  a 
brewer,  of  Eichmond.     He  died  in  1792  ;  but  his  memory  is  and  will  ever  be  held  in 

*  !Mr.  Colston  died  in  1721,  but  liis  remains  were  removed  to  Bristol,  his  native  city  (wlicre  ho  had  founded  an 
extensive  school),  and  interred  in  All  Saints'  Church,  in  which  is  a  monumental  inscription  recording  Ms  numerous  bene- 
factions. The  boys  educated  in  the  Bristol  School  wear  a  brass  dolphin  on  their  breasts,  in  commemoration,  aa  it  is 
reported,  of  his  preservation  from  being  dro-mied  at  sea  by  a  dolphin  stopping  a  hole  in  the  ship  on  his  homeward 
voyage  from  the  Indies. 

t  See  under  Kingston  Hundred,  vol.  ii.  pp.  246-7. 


,94  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

respect  in  the  neighbourliood.  Nearly  640  acres  of  Elclimond  Park  are  in  the  parish  of 
Mortlake.  They  include  the  house  and  grounds  called  the  "White  Lodge,  belonging  to 
the  Crown,  and  now  the  residence  of  H.S.H.  the  Prince  of  Teck. 

About  1619  a  manufactory  of  fine  tapestry  was  set  up  at  Mortlake  by  Sir  Francis 
Crane,  Knt.,  under  the  patronage  of  King  James,  who,  according  to  Fuller,  "  gave  him 
£2,000  to  build  therewith  a  house  for  that  purpose."  *  Charles  I.  was  equally  favourable 
to  the  art,  and  in  1625,  within  two  months  after  his  accession,  he  granted  an  annual 
pension  of  £2,000  to  Sir  Francis  Crane  for  ten  years;  one  moiety  in  satisfaction  of  a  debt 
of  £6,000  for  three  suits  of  gold  tapestry,  delivered  for  his  use  (powr  trois  assortmens  de 
Tapisse7'ies  d'or  qu'il  a  livrees  pour  notre  usage),  and  the  other  a  gift  for  the  advancement 
and  maintenance  of  "  the  work  of  tapestries,  which  the  said  Sir  Francis  lately  brought 
into  this  kingdom."  The  work  first  produced  had  been  an  imitation  of  old  patterns;  but 
in  1623  the  celebrated  Francis  Cleyne,  a  native  of  Bostock,  in  Lower  Saxony,  was  engaged 
as  limner,  and  he  *'  gave  designs,  both  in  history  and  grotesque,  which  carried  those  works 
to  singular  perfection."  f  His  merit  was  duly  appreciated  by  the  King,  who  first  made  him 
a  free  denizen,  and  soon  after  gave  him  a  pension  of  £100  per  annum  for  life.  J  Five  of 
Eaffaelle's  cartoons  were  sent  to  Mortlake  by  Charles  I.  to  be  copied  in  tapestry  by  Crane. 

After  the  decapitation  of  the  King,  the  "  Tapestry  House,"  formerly  surrendered  to 
him  by  Sir  Eichard  Crane,  brother  of  Sir  Francis,  then  deceased,  was  seized  as  the  property 
of  the  Crown,  and  retained  during  the  Protectorate.  After  the  Eestoration,  as  we  are 
informed  by  Walpole,  Charles  II.,  having  a  design  to  revive  the  manufacture  at  Mort- 
lake, sent  for  Verrio  to  England;  but  changing  his  mind,  he  consigned  Windsor 
to  the  pencil  of  that  artist ;  and  the  tapestry  works,  thus  deprived  of  royal  patronage, 
fell  into  complete  desuetude.§ 

Dr.  John  Dee,  one  of  the  most  celebrated  cultivators  of  natural  philosophy  in  the 

*  Fuller,  "  Worthies,"  vol.  ii.  p.  353,  Nicliols's  edit. 

+  Eymer,  "  Fredera,"  vol.  viii.  p.  43,  3rd  edit.  This  must  allude  to  the  superior  kind  of  tapestry  manufactured  by 
Crane,  for  the  art  itseK  of  tape.stry-wcaving  was  brought  into  England  hy  Wm.  Sheldon,  Esq.,  about  the  end  of  the  reign 
of  Henry  VIII.  {Vide  Dugdale's  "Warwickshire,"  in  stemmate  Sheldon,  and  Gough's  "British  Topography,"  vol.  ii.  pp. 
309—311.) 

X  Rymer,  "  Fcedera,"  vol.  viii.  pp.  69  and  82.  In  1625  the  King  granted  to  the  Lady  Frances,  Duchess-Dowager  of 
Richmond  and  Lennox,  and  Sir  Francis  Crane,  and  their  executors,  the  exclusive  privilege  for  seventeen  years  of  making 
copper  farthings  for  general  circulation,  at  the  yearly  rent  of  100  marks,  payable  into  the  Exchequer  !  (Id.  pp.  104 — 106.) 

§  In  the  survey  made  in  1651  by  the  Parliamentary  Commissioners,  the  extent  of  the  premises  at  Mortlake  is  stated 
to  be  115i  feet  in  length  and  84  feet  in  breadth,  and  their  value  per  annum  .£50,  independently  of  the  limner's  tenement 
standing  opposite,  which  is  valued  at  £9  per  annum.  The  Tapestry  House,  stated  by  Lysons  to  "  have  occupied  the  site 
of  Queen's  Head  Court,"  consisted  of  three  stories,  the  lowermost  being  in  the  occupation  of  different  workmen  :  on  the 
second  story  "  one  great  working-room,  82  feet  in  length,  and  20  in  breadth,  wherein  are  twelve  looms  for  making 
tapestry  work  of  all  sorts,"  and  one  other  room,  about  half  as  long,  with  six  looms,  and  another  great  room  called  the 
Limner's  Room  :  in  the  third  story  a  long  gallery  divided  into  three  rooms,    Ashmole,  in  a  manuscript  preserved  at 


sixteenth  century,  was  long  a  resident  at  Mortlake,  which  was  also  the  place  of  his  death  and 
interment.  He  was  devoted  to  the  study  of  the  occult  sciences,  astrology,  alchemy,  and 
cabalistic  philosophy.  But  it  is  evident  from  his  works,  still  extant  both  in  print  and 
manuscript,  that  his  attention  Avas  by  no  means  confined  to  such  visionary  pursuits.  He 
was  the  sou  of  Eowland  Dee,  Gentleman  Sewer  to  Henry  VIII.,  and  was  born  in  London 
in  1527.  Diu'ing  his  residence  at  Mortlake,  where  he  was  regarded  by  the  common 
people  as  a  sorcerer,  and  by  the  higher  classes  of  society  as  a  learned  philosopher,  the 
Queen  occasionally  visited  him,  aud  she  bestowed  on  Iiim  various  donations ;  but  he  lived 
extravagantly,  and  Avas  often  involved  in  difficulties.     He  died  in  1608. 

John  Partridge,  a  native  of  East  Sheen,  another  astrologer,  who  died  here  in  1715,  is 
commemorated  by  a  brief  Latin  inscription  on  a  fiat  stone. 


PUTNEY. 

This  is  an  extensive  parish  on  the  southern  bank  of  the  Thames,  which  divides  it  from 
Fulham,  in  Middlesex,  on  the  north.  On  the  east  it  is  bounded  by  Wimbledon  and 
Wandsworth,  on  the  south  by  Kingston,  aud  on  the  west  by  Mortlake  aud  Barnes.  In  the 
Doomsday  Book  the  vill,  or  village,  is  mentioned  under  the  name  Putelci,  probably  by  mis- 
take of  the  iN'orman  scribe ;  in  subsequent  records,  down  to  the  sixteenth  century,  it  is  styled 
Puttcnheth,  or  Pottenheth  ;  and  since  that  period  it  has  been  known  by  its  present  appellation. 
Though  this  is  a  distinct  parish,  the  church  was  originall)'  only  a  chapel  to  Wimbledon,  and 
the  whole  of  Putney  lies  Avithiu  that  manor.     The  soil  is  principally  sand  and  gravel. 

In  the  account  of  Mortlage  (Mortlake)  in  the  Doomsday  Book  reference  is  made  to 
a  ferry  at  Putdci,  which  yielded  20s.  a  year.  Here,  also,  in  the  time  of  Earl  Harold,  was 
a  valuable  fishery,  the  ownership  of  which  has  descended  with  the  manor.  In  1663  it  was 
let  for  an  annual  rent  of  tliree  best  salmon  which  should  be  caught  in  March,  April,  and 
May  ;  but  this  rent  Avas  subsequently  commuted  for  money.*  Anciently  this  place  was  a 
considerable  thoroughfare,  it  being  usual  for  persons,  on  theii-  way  from  London  to  the  west 
of  England,  to  go  as  far  as  Putney  by  water.     In  the  Wardrobe  Accounts  of  28  Edward  I., 

Oxford,  says  that  Dr.  Dee  dwelt  in  a  house  near  the  waterside,  a  little  westward  from  the  church,  and  that  Sir  Francia 
Crane  erected  his  huildiugs  for  working  of  tapestry  (stUl  in  use  in  1673)  upon  the  ground  whereon  Dr.  Dee's  laboratory 
aud  other  rooms  for  that  use  stood.  (MS.  Ashm.  Museum,  No.  1788,  fol.  149.)  In  a  survey  of  Mortlake  taken  in  1617 
Dr.  Dee's  then  late  residence  is  called  an  "  ancient  house." 

*  In  1717,  when  the  estates  of  Sir  Theodore  Janssen,  lord  of  Wiiuhledou  (fonnerly  one  of  the  directors  of  the  South 
Sea  Company),  were  sold,  the  fishery  was  let  for  £6  yearly,  which  rent  was  afterwards  increased  to  .£8,  on  a  lease  that 
expired  in  1800.  Sturgeons  are  occasionally  taken  in  this  part  of  the  Thames,  and  sometimes,  though  rarely,  a  porpoise. 
These  are  regarded  as  royal  fishes,  and  being  claimed  by  the  Lord  Mayor  iinder  a  grant  from  tlie  Crown,  the  C.-hcmieu 
are  obliged  to  deliver  them,  as  soon  as  taken,  to  the  water-bailiff.  (See  Lysons,  "Surrey,"  vol.  i.  p.  426,  and  Blount'a 
"  Law  Dictionary,"  1670,  fol.  art.  Koyal  Fishes.) 

c  c  2 


,96  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

published  by  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  are  entries  of  payments  to  the  ferryman  of 
Putney  for  conveying  the  King  and  royal  family  to  Fulham  and  to  Westminster.* 

In  12  George  I.  an  Act  of  Parliament  was  obtained  for  the  building  of  a  bridge  of  ^yood 
across  the  Thames  from  Putney  to  Fulham ;  and  in  1  George  II.  an  amended  Act  was  passed, 
by  which  the  trustees  were  empowered  to  grant  the  shares  in  this  undertaking  in  fee ; 
thus  the  subscribers  were  constituted  freeholders  of  Surrey  and  Middlesex.  Thirty  persons 
advanced  the  sum  of  £740  each  on  those  terms,  and  purchased  for  £8,000  the  ferries, 
which  had  yielded  to  the  proprietors  £400  a  year.  The  Duchess  of  Marlborough,  who 
then  held  the  manor  of  Wimbledon,  received  £364  10s.  for  her  interest  in  the  ferry ;  and 
the  Bishop  of  London  £23  for  his  interest  on  the  Middlesex  side,  as  lord  of  the  manor  of 
Pulham,  in  addition  to  which  he  reserved  for  himself  and  his  household,  and  his  and  their 
successors,  the  privilege  of  passing  the  bridge  toll  frecf  Some  attempts  to  increase  the  space 
between  the  piles  and  give  height  to  this  ugly  structure  were  made  in  consequence  of  the 
steamboats  conveying  passengers  from  London  to  Putney  and  Kew.  In  1870  two  of  the 
spans  or  openings  were  thrown  into  one,  and  since  then  three  have  been  converted  into 
one,  so  that  there  are  now  but  twenty-three  openings  instead  of  twenty-six  as  originally. 
The  length  of  the  bridge  is  about  800  feet.  Since  the  Eeform  Act  of  1832  the  original 
shares  have  been  subdivided  to  a  great  extent,  as  one-twentieth  part  of  one  of  these 
shares,  producing  above  £4  yearly,  gives  a  vote  both  for  Surrey  and  Middlesex. 

In  1776  a  house  was  erected  on  Putney  Heath  by  David  Hartley,  Esq.  (son  of 
Dr.  Hartley,  the  celebrated  metaphysician),  for  the  purpose  of  proving  the  efficacy  of  a 
method  which  he  had  invented  for  securing  buildings  from  destruction  by  fire.  His  plan 
consisted  in  laying  thin  sheets  of  iron  and  copper  between  double  floors,  and  thus,  by  pre- 
venting the  ascent  of  the  heated  air  from  the  lower  to  the  upper  rooms,  efi'ectually  checking 
the  process  of  combustion.  The  house  thus  constructed  was  the  scene  of  repeated  experi- 
ments, which  were  witnessed  by  the  King  and  Queen,  several  members  of  Parliament,  the 
Lord  Mayor,  and  some  of  the  Aldermen  of  London.  Many  persons  on  those  occasions 
remained  in  perfect  seciu'ity  in  a  room  over  that  in  which  a  fire  was  burning  with  great 
violence.     By  the  side  of  the  turnpike  road,  near  the  house,  an  obelisk,  with  inscriptions, 

*  In  42  Elizabeth,  at  a  court  held  for  the  manor  of  Wimbledon,  it  was  ordered  that  if  any  -waterman  should  neglect 
to  pay  a  halfpenny  for  every  stranger,  and  a  farthing  for  every  inhabitant  of  Putney,  crossing  the  river,  to  the  proprietor 
of  the  ferry,  he  should  forfeit  to  the  lord  2s.  6d.  In  1629  the  lord  of  the  manor  received  15s.  a  year  for  the  ferry.  In  1656 
General  Lambert,  who  then  held  the  manor,  gave  to  the  Company  of  Free  Watermen  of  Putney  a  small  plot  of  ground 
near  the  water,  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  a  shed  for  their  boats. 

t  The  sum  of  J62  was  directed  to  be  annually  divided  among  the  widows  and  children  of  the  poor  watermen  of 
Putney  and  Fulham,  as  a  compensation  to  those  men  for  being  restricted  from  plying  for  fares  on  Sundays  ;  and  on  this 
account  an  additional  toll  of  one  halfpenny  is  paid  by  foot-passengers  on  Sundays.  The  mere  expense  of  erecting  the 
bridge  was  about  £16,000. 


FUTNEl.  197 

was  erected  at  the  expense  of  the  Corporatiou  of  Loudon,  on  which  is  recorded  a  public 
grant  of  £2,500  to  Mr.  Hartley,  towards  defraying  the  charge  of  his  experiments.  Both 
the  house  and  obelisk  are  still  standing,  but  Mr.  Hartley's  invention  has  never  been 
utilised. 

Putney  Heath,  like  Wimbledon  Common,  which  it  adjoins,  has  been  the  scene  of  many 
duels.  Here,  in  1652,  a  fatal  combat  took  place  between  George,  sixth  Lord  Chandos,  and 
Col.  Henry  Compton,  in  which  the  latter  was  killed.  After  a  long  imprisonment,  both 
Lord  Chandos  and  his  second.  Lord  Arundel,  were  brought  to  trial  in  1054,  and  found 
guilty  of  manslaughter.  In  1798  the  Prime  Minister,  William  Pitt,  and  George  Tierney, 
M.P.  for  Southwark,  fought  here  on  a  Sunday  afternoon,  but  the  issue  was  without  blood- 
shed. In  1809  a  duel  took  place  on  the  heath  bet\veen  Lord  Castlercagh  and  George 
Canning,  both  Secretaries  of  State,  in  which  the  latter  was  wounded  in  the  thigh.* 

During  the  war  between  Charles  I.  and  the  Parliament  some  transactions  requiring 
notice  took  place  at  Putney.  When  the  Eoyalists  marched  to  Kingston  after  the 
skii'mish  with  the  Parliamentary  forces  at  Brentford  in  1642,  the  Earl  of  Essex,  who 
commanded  the  latter,  having  resolved  to  piu'sue  the  retreating  army,  a  bridge  of  boats 
was  constructed  between  Fulham  and  Putney  to  facilitate  the  passage  of  his  troops,  and 
forts  were  ordered  to  be  constructed  on  either  side  of  the  river. -f 

In  1647,  after  the  sm-render  of  the  King  had  occasioned  a  suspension  rather  than  a 
termination  of  the  civil  war,  the  anti-Eoyalists  became  divided  among  themselves,  the 
Parliament,  or  Presbyterian  party,  being  opposed  to  the  army  and  to  the  Independents. 
The  partisans  of  the  King  endeavoured  to  take  advantage  of  this  state  of  affairs  ;  and 
Fairfax  and  Cromwell  having  drawn  together  their  forces  to  overawe  the  metropolis, 
Putney  was  fixed  on  for  their  head-quarters,  as  being  a  situation  from  which  they  could 
both  watch  the  measures  of  their  Parliamentary  opponents  and  observe  the  proceedings  of 
the  King,  then  a  captive  at  Hampton  Court.  The  army  removed  from  Kingston  to  Putney 
on  the  27th  of  August  in  the  above  year :  during  its  continuance  here  the  chief  officers 
held  theii-  councils  in  the  parish  church,  sitting  round  the  communion-table,  and  had  their 
lodgings  at  the  houses  of  the  principal  inhabitants.^ 

*  Many  duels  have  also  been  fought  in  Battersea  Fields  ;  and  there,  in  March,  1829,  his  Grace  the  Duke  of  Wellington 
and  the  Earl  of  Winchebea  had  a  meeting.  The  Earl,  who  had  made  a  gross  charge  against  the  Duke  of  an  insidious 
design  to  "  introduce  Popery  into  every  department  of  the  State,"  received  his  adversary's  fire,  and  then,  after  discharging 
his  pistol  in  the  air,  tended  a  written  apology  to  his  Grace  in  the  terms  which  the  latter  had  originally  proposed. 

t  Faulkner,  in  his  "  History  of  Fulham,"  says  that  the  tUt  du  pont,  on  the  Putney  side,  was  still  visible  in  1812. 

X  Vide  "  Perfect  Occurrences,"  Oct.  8,  1647.  Before  they  proceeded  to  debate  they  usually  heard  a  sermon  from 
Hugh  Peters,  or  some  other  favourite  preacher.  Several  of  their  deliberations  related  to  the  payment  of  arrears  to  the 
army,  and  threatening  declarations  were  repeatedly  addressed  to  the  Parliament  from  hence  on  that  subject.  On  the  8th 
of  October  they  gave  audience  in  the  church  to  one  Gifthiel,  a  High  German  prophet.     After  various  debates,  on  the  1st 


igS 


HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 


Putney  Park,  styled  Mortlake  Park  in  some  old  records,  and  extending  into  both 
parishes,  was  reserved  to  the  Crown  by  Henry  YIII.  Queen  Mary  appointed  Sir  Kobert 
Tyrwhit  Keeper  of  Putney  Park  and  Master  of  the  Game.  Sir  Charles  Howard,  who  held 
that  office  under  James  I.,  had  an  allowance  of  £15  a  year  to  buy  hay  for  the  deer.  In 
1627  Charles  I.  granted  the  park,  in  fee-simple,  to  Sir  Eichard  Weston,  and  in  the  following 
year  appointed  him  to  the  office  of  Lord  Treasurer,  which  he  held  until  his  decease  in 
1635,  when,  by  the  King's  command  (as  appears  by  the  "  Stafford  Letters  "),  the  whole 
court  wore  mourning  for  him  "  during  one  day." 

From  the  time  of  obtaining  his  grant  of  the  park  Sir  Eichard  made  the  adjoining 
hamlet  a  summer  residence,  and  the  house  at  Eoeharapton  Grove  occupies  the  site  of  his 
mansion.*  In  1633  he  was  created  Earl  of  Portland,  and  his  son  Jerome,  who  succeeded 
him,  sold  the  house  and  park  for  £11,300  to  Sir  Thomas  Dawes,  by  whom  they  were  first 
let  and  subsequently  sold  to  Chi'istiana,  Countess  of  Devonshii*e,  a  woman  of  much  talent 
and  historic  celebrity.f  Her  son  William,  thu'd  Earl  of  Devonshire,  and  father  of  the 
first  duke,  held  this  property  until  his  decease  in  1684;  but  after  the  death  of  the 
Countess  in  1689  it  was  sold  to  Sir  Jeffery  Jefferys,  an  alderman  of  London,  who  died  at 
this  place  in  1707.     It  had  afterwards  different  proprietors,  until  it  was  purchased  by  the 

of  November  they  completed  their  propositions  for  the  future  government  of  the  kingdom,  which  were  sent  to  the  King 
at  Hampton  Court.  On  the  13th  of  November,  two  days  after  the  King  had  escaped  to  the  Isle  of  Vfight,  the  army 
removed  from  Putney.     (Lysons,  "  Environs,"  vol.  i.  p.  408.) 

*  In  1632  a  chapel  was  consecrated  in  the  mansion  of  Lord  Weston  (as  he  was  then  styled)  by  William  Laud,  Bishop 
of  London,  with  the  consent  of  Lord  Wimbledon,  impropriator  of  the  great  tithes,  and  the  curates  of  Wimbledon  and 
Putney,  who  were  all  present  on  the  occasion.  It  was  dedicated  to  the  Holy  Trinity,  and  assigned  to  be  a  chapel  for  ever 
for  the  inhabitants  present  and  future  of  that  house.  This  chapel  was  ornamented  with  a  painting  representing  the  Last 
Supper,  supposed  to  be  the  work  of  Frederic  Zucchero.  The  building  was  pulled  down  in  1777  by  Thomas  Parker,  Esq., 
and  a  new  chapel  erected  about  100  yards  from  the  house,  and  the  picture  just  mentioned  was  placed  in  it  as  an  altar- 
piece.  In  the  old  chapel  Jerome  Weston,  the  son  of  the  Lord  Treasurer,  was  married  in  1632  to  the  Lady  Frances 
Stuart,  daughter  of  the  Duke  of  Lennox,  the  ceremony  being  performed  by  Bishop  Laud.  Several  of  their  children  were 
baptized  in  the  same  chapel. 

t  This  lady,  daughter  of  Edwaril,  Lord  Bruce,  of  Kinloss,  was  related  to  James  I.,  who  gave  her  in  marriage  to  the 
Earl  of  Devonshire,  with  a  fortune  of  £10,000,  himself  being  present  at  the  ceremony.  After  the  death  of  her  husband 
in  1628,  she  obtained  the  wardship  of  her  son,  and  during  his  minority  acted  with  so  much  skill  and  prudence  as  to 
extricate  the  family  estates  from  "  a  vast  debt  and  thirty  law-suits,  having  ingratiated  herself  so  far  with  the  sages  of  the  law 
that  King  Charles  jestingly  said  to  her,  '  Madam,  you  have  all  my  judges  at  your  disposal.' "  She  was  also  distinguished 
as  the  patroness  of  men  of  wit  and  learning,  who  frequently  assembled  at  her  house  at  Eoehampton.  The  celebrated 
philosopher  Hobbes  was  her  son's  tutor,  and  lived  much  in  her  family  ;  Waller  and  other  poets  celebrated  her  praises  ; 
and  William  Herbert,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  addressed  to  her  a  volume  of  poems,  afterwards  published  and  dedicated  to  her 
by  Dr.  Donne.  Her  second  son,  Col.  Charles  Cavendish,  fell  in  the  service  of  Charles  I.,  and  the  Countess  herself  acted 
with  so  much  zeal  in  behalf  of  the  Royalists  as  to  incur  the  danger  of  being  sent  to  the  Tower.  It  is  asserted  in  "  ColUns's 
Peerage"  that  she  was  instrumental  in  urging  the  Earl  of  Holland  to  that  rash  enterprise,  in  1648,  which  terminated  so 
disastrously  for  himself  and  others.  She  became,  however,  eminently  useful  to  the  Royalists  when  concerting  measures 
for  the  Restoration,  and  entered  into  a  secret  correspondence  with  General  Monk  and  other  friends  of  the  Crown  to 
expedite  that  event.  Charles  II.  showed  a  grateful  sense  of  her  services  by  frequently  visiting  her  at  Roehampton,  in 
company  with  the  Queen-Dowager  and  the  royal  family,  -ndth  whom  she  enjoyed  much  intimacy  until  her  decease 
in  1675. 


late  Sir  Joshua  Vanneck,  Bart.,  afterwards  Lord  Huntiiigfield,  an  eminent  merchant  ol 
London,  who  in  1777  married  Maria,  second  daugliter  of  Andi-ew  Thompson,  Esq.,  of 
Eoehampton.  He  pulled  down  the  old  mansion,  and  erected  an  elegant  villa  from 
designs  by  Wyatt ;  he  also  formed  at  the  termination  of  the  lawn  a  fine  sheet  of  water, 
supplied  by  pipes  from  a  conduit  on  Putney  Heath. 

Adyowson,  &c. — The  benefice  of  Putney  is  a  perpetual  curacy,  with  a  reserved  stipend 
of  £40  per  annum,  payable  out  of  the  great  tithes  by  the  lessee  of  the  rectory.  This, 
formerly  a  peculiar  of  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  was  annexed  by  order  of  Council  to 
the  see  of  London  on  January  1st,  1846.*  In  1876  it  was  transferred  to  the  diocese  of 
Eochester.  The  following  instances  of  longevity  occur  in  the  Parish  Eegister,  which 
commences  in  1622  : — 

Elizabeth  Fisher,  hiiried  June  16,  1662,  "  ageil  a  hundredth  years." 

John  James  Dartiquenave,  buried  September  25,  1709,  "aged  99  years  and  upwards.'- 

Catherine  Farmer,  buried  November  8,  1747,  aged  101  years. 

Sarah  Watts,  "from  the  workhouse,  buried,  said  to  be  104,  Jan.  18,  1766." 

Ann  Williams,  "from  the  workhouse,  aged  109,  buried  May  7,  1772." 

Mary  Ceasley,  aged  100,  buried  November  18,  1787. 

Eleanor  Shadwick,  aged  99,  was  buried  January  2,  1808. 

Perpetual  Curates  of  Putney  in  and  since  1800  : — 

1. — Thomas  Hughes,  M.A.     Licensed  in  1788. 

I.—Johii  Winglield,  D.D.     Licensed  in  1804. 

3. — James  Meakin^  M.A.     Licensed  in  1805. 

4. — John  Francis  Seymour  Fleming  St.  John,  M.A.     Licensed  in  1811. 

5. — John  Fleming  St.  John,  B.A.     Licensed  in  1813. 

6. — Henry  St.  Andreio  St.  John,  M.A.     Licensed  in  1821. 

7. —  William  TomJcyns  Briggs,  M.A.     Licensed  in  1833. 

8. —  Christopher  Thomas  Robinson,  M.A.     Licensed  in  1835. 

'd.—The  Hon.  Robert  Henley,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1861. 

Putney  Chuech,  nearly  adjoining  the  bridge,  and  dedicated  to  St.  Mary,  was  built  as  a 
chapel-of-ease  to  Wimbledon  some  time  prior  to  1302,  when  an  ordination  was  held  in  it 
by  Archbishop  Winchelsea.  The  body  of  the  church  was  entirely  rebuilt  about  1836  from 
the  designs  of  Mr.  Edward  Lapidge ;  but  the  tower,  a  massive  structure  of  stone,  and 
embattled,  was  left  standing,  but  properly  repaired.  This  consists  of  four  stories,  and 
contains  a  clock  and  eight  bells  :  in  the  second  story,  over  the  west  entrance,  is  a  handsome 
pointed-arched  window  of  four  principal  lights,  with  tracery  in  the  heading.     The  new 

*  See  Mortlake  above,  p.  190. 


200  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

work  is  of  yellow  brick,  with  stone  dressings  :  on  eticli  side,  between  buttresses,  are  five 
large  Tudor-arched  windows  of  thi-ee  divisions  each :  the  parapets  are  plain.  The  interior 
consists  of  nave,  aisles,  and  chancel,  the  latter  being  terminated  by  a  pointed-arched 
window  of  five  lights,  eniiched  with  stained  glass,  with  numerous  divisions  above  in  the 
perpendicular  style.*  The  aisles  are  separated  from  the  nave  by  light  piers,  with  attached 
shafts,  from  which  spring  obtuse-pointed  arches  :  the  roof  is  of  oak,  the  rafters  being 
supported  by  brackets  springing  from  corbels  of  angels  bearing  shields.  On  the  south  of 
the  chancel  is  a  small  vestry,  and  on  the  north  is  the  elegant  little  chapel  erected  in  the 
Tudor  style  by  Bishop  West,  which  was  removed  from  the  east  end  of  the  south  aisle  into 
its  present  position  during  the  rebuilding  of  the  church.  It  has  a  groined  roof,  euriched 
with  fanlike  tracery,  interspersed  with  the  Bishop's  arms,  viz,  Arg.  a  chev.  sal.  between 
thi-ee  roses,  gu.  slipped  vei%  impaled  with  those  of  the  see  of  Ely.f  Its  eastern  window 
consists  of  three  lights,  embellished  with  scriptural  subjects  in  finely  executed  stained 
glass,  chiefly  old,  viz.  St.  Mary  Magdalene  anointing  Christ,  the  Eaising  of  liazarus  from 
the  Tomb,  and  the  Good  Samaritan.  These  enrichments  were  presented  to  the  church  in 
1845  by  Dr.  Charles  Thomas  Longley,  Bishop  of  Eipon,  in  commemoration  of  his  deceased 
mother,  Elizabeth  Longley,  who  during  many  years  resided  in  this  parish. 

In  1877  the  flooring  of  the  chancel  was  relaid  with  encaustic  tiles,  and  the  body  of  the 
fabric  reseated  with  open  benches  in  place  of  the  antiquated  and  unsightly  pews.  Other 
interior  restorations  have  since  been  carried  out  from  the  designs  of  Mr.  A.  Blomfield.  The 
north,  south,  and  west  galleries  are  spacious.  A  handsome  pulpit  of  mahogany  stands  at 
the  east  end  of  the  nave.  The  font  is  octagonal,  and  of  freestone  :  in  its  basin  are  a  small 
Gothic  font  and  cover  of  biscuit,  or  artificial  stone. 

Many  persons  of  eminence  lie  interred  in  this  chui'ch,  and  several  of  the  old  memorials 
deserve  notice.  Among  these  are  the  mural  monuments,  now  in  the  lower  part  of  the 
tower,  of  Lady  Katharine  Palmer  and  Kichard  Lusher,  Esq.,  of  Putney.  Both  are  of 
marble,  and  architecturally  designed,  the  inscriptive  tablets  being  arranged  between  small 
Corinthian  columns  supporting  pediments  surmounted  by  shields  of  arms,  and  otherwise 
decorated.  Lady  Palmer,  wife  of  Sir  Anthony  Palmer,  K.B.,  died  in  1613,  and  was 
buried  in  the  chancel,  where  this  monument  was  originally  afiixed.ij:    Mr.  Lusher  died  in 

*  The  cost  of  rebiuldiug  the  cburcli  was  defraj^ed  by  a  rate  on  the  parishioners,  aided  hy  voluntary  subscriptions 
and  a  grant  of  £430  from  the  Incorporated  Society,  by  which  means  tlie  number  of  sittings  declared  free  and  unappro- 
priated was  increased  to  400. 

t  An  "  Account  of  Bishop  West's  Chapel,"  by  J.  G.  Jackson  and  G.  T.  Andrews,  was  published  in  1825  in  4to. 

t  Lady  Palmer  was  married,  secondly,  to  Thomas  Knyvett,  Esq.,  a  descendant  from  John  Knyvett,  Knt.,  Lord  Chief 
Justice  and  Lord  Chancellor  of  England  in  the  above  reign.     She.  died  in  1623.     In  the  Latin  inscription  to  her  memory, 


PUTNEY.  201 

1615.  His  memorial,  formerly  in  the  south  aisle,  was  erected  by  Mary,  his  widow, 
daughter  of  George  Scott,  Esq.,  a  descendant  of  John  Scott,  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  England 
in  the  reign  of  Edward  III. 

Against  the  south  wall  of  the  chancel  is  a  sarcophagus  tablet  of  white  marble,  sui-- 
mounted  by  a  funeral  urn  and  drapery  neatly  sculptured,  in  commemoration  of  Sir  John 
Dick,  Bart.,  who  died  at  Mount  Clare,  Eoehampton,  in  1804,  and  was  buried  at  East  Ham, 
Essex.  Whilst  English  Consul  at  Leghorn  during  a  period  of  twenty-two  years  he 
rendered  some  important  services  to  the  Russian  fleet,  and  was,  in  approbation  of  his 
conduct,  created  a  Knight  of  the  Order  of  St.  Anne  by  the  Empress  Catherine  II. 

Over  the  vestry  door  in  the  chancel  is  placed  a  portion  of  the  old  monument  of  Sir 
Thomas  Dawes,  of  Putney  Park,  who  died  in  1655,  and  whose  relict,  Dame  Judith  Dawes, 
"  slept  here  w*^  her  Hvsband  "  in  1657. 

In  the  churchyard  are  many  tombs  in  commemoration  of  former  inhabitants  of  this 
parish.  Another  and  more  extensive  cemetery,  which  occupies  about  4  acres  on  the 
upper  road  to  Eichmond,  was  consecrated  in  1763,  the  ground  having  been  given  by  the 
Eev.  Eoger  Pettiward,  D.D.,  whose  family  had  an  estate  here.  It  contains  many  hand- 
some monuments,  that  attracting  most  notice  being  a  sarcophagus  of  white  marble  in 
memory  of  Eobert  Wood,  Esq.,  the  Eastern  traveller. 

St.  John's  Church,  in  St.  John's  Eoad,  Putney  Hill,  is  a  large  stone  edifice  of  Gothic 
design,  and  was  built  in  1859.  All  Saints'  Church,  on  Putney  Lower  Common,  was 
built  from  the  designs  of  Mr.  G.  E.  Street,  E.A.,  and  consecrated  in  1874,  The  Dissenters 
have  many  places  of  worship  here. 

Among  the  several  charities  belonging  to  Putney  is  an  almshouse  in  Wandsworth 
Lane,  founded  and  endowed  for  twelve  poor  unmarried  persons  by  Sir  Abraham  Dawes, 
Bart.,  and  dedicated  to  the  Holy  Trinity,  in  the  reign  of  Charles  II.  The  income  has 
been  much  increased  by  benefactions.  It  was  intended  for  both  sexes,  but  for  many 
years  only  females  have  been  admitted.     These  almshouses  have  been  recently  rebuilt. 

Here,  also,  is  a  school  founded  for  the  maintenance  and  education  of  twenty  Avatcr- 
men's  sons,  with  the  proceeds  of  a  bequest  made  in  1684  by  Mr.  Thomas  Martyn,  a 
merchant,  saved  from  drowning  by  a  Putney  fisherman.  The  boys  of  the  neighboiu-ing 
parishes  are  eligible  to  be  chosen,  should  those  of  Putney  be  insufficient  in  number. 

Opposite  to  this  school,  near  the  Thames,  formerly  stood  the  College  of  Civil  Engi- 

■fay  her  second  husband,  the  following  expression  occurs  : — "  Vale,  Vale,  Maria  !  nullum  de  te  dolorem,  nisi  ex  acerbissimii 
tuS  morte,  accepi."  This  had  possibly  been  read  by  Pope,  whose  epitaph  on  the  son  of  the  Lord  Chancellor  Harcourt 
includes  a  similar  expression  : — 

"  Nor  gave  his  father  grief  but  when  he  died." 


202  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

NEERS,  founded  by  a  subscription  of  the  nobility  and  others  about  1839,  for  the  pui'pose 
of  conferring  a  superior  education  on  the  sons  of  respectable  persons  in  the  engineering, 
mathematical,  and  mechanical  sciences.  The  college  was  broken  up  in  1857,  and  the 
fine  old  mansion  pulled  down.  Two  ranges  of  houses,  known  as  "  The  Cedars,"  from 
the  old  cedar-trees  which  formerly  flourished  there,  now  occupy  its  site.  National 
Schools  have  been  built,  aud  since  enlarged.  A  school-house  and  model  lodging-houses 
haye  been  built  on  Lower  Common. 

Lime  Groye,  formerly  the  seat  of  Lady  St.  Aubyn,  relict  of  Sii-  George  Aubyn,  Bart., 
stood  at  the  base  of  Putney  Hill,  It  deriyed  its  name  from  a  groye  of  limes  which 
formed  an  avenue  to  the  house.  The  grounds  still  possess  many  umbrageous  walks, 
which  opened  at  intervals  to  beautiful  views  of  the  river  Thames  and  the  sui'rounding 
coimtry.  The  house  was  one  of  those  thoroughly  English  mansions  erected  for  convenience 
and  comfort  rather  than  for  ostentation  and  show.  The  apartments  were  spacious  and 
lofty,  and  contained  a  rich  store  of  pictures  and  articles  of  vii-tu :  among  the  former  were 
many  pieces  by  Opie,  of  whom  Sir  John  St.  Aubyn,  the  father  of  Sir  George,  was  the  early 
friend  and  constant  patron.  This  house  was  for  some  time  the  home  of  Edward  Gibbon, 
the  historian.  He  was  born  here  on  the  27th  of  April  (O.S.),  1737;  his  baptism,  and 
that  of  his  five  younger  brothers  and  a  sister,  may  be  seen  recorded  in  the  Parish  Eegister, 
The  site  of  Lime  Grove  is  now  occupied  by  modern  villas. 

On  Putney  Heath,  at  a  little  distance  from  the  fire-proof  building,  is  Bowling-Green 
House,  which  derived  its  appellation  from  a  fashionable  place  of  entertainment  that  existed 
here  in  the  early  part  of  the  last  century,  and  was  famous  for  its  public  breakfasts  and 
evening  assemblies  in  the  summer  season.  This  estate  was  some  time  occupied  by  the 
Eight  Hon.  William  Pitt,  aud  here  that  statesman  breathed  his  last  on  January  23rd, 
1806. 

The  mansion  of  John  Temple  Leader,  Esq.,  formerly  M.P.  for  "Westminster,  is  situated 
on  the  ascent  of  Putney  Hill,  at  the  top  of  which  is  the  handsome  Elizabethan  residence  of 
Colonel  and  Lady  North. 

The  principal  houses  on  Putney  Heath,  most  of  which  are  owned  by  members  of  the 
aristocracy,  possess  a  fine  prospect  over  a  wide  range  of  country,  comprising  the  Thames 
and  a  great  portion  of  Middlesex,  extending  from  Harrow  to  the  sister  eminences  of 
Hampstead  and  Highgate.  On  Putney  Heath  is  a  reservoir  in  connection  with  the  Chelsea 
Water  Works.  The  water  is  transmitted  hither  from  the  company's  works  at  Thames 
Ditton,  and  is  conveyed  thence  by  pipes  down  through  the  main  street  of  Putney,  and  so 
across  the  Thames  by  an  aqueduct  which  spans  the  river  on  massive  cylindrical  supports  a 


few  yards  aboA'c  tlie  old  bridge.  The  annual  boat  race  between  the  rival  crews  of  the 
Oxford  and  Cambridge  Universities  takes  place  at  PutueJ^  The  starting-point  is  near  the 
iron  aqneduct  of  the  Chelsea  "Water  Works  Companj',  and  Mortlake  is  the  goal :  the 
conrse  is  about  4^  miles.  The  time  occupied  in  the  race  has  varied  from  about  twenty- 
one  to  twenty-five  minutes. 

Owing  to  its  healthy  situation  Putney  is  a  favourite  spot  for  charitable  institutions. 
The  most  important  of  these  is  the  Eoyal  HosriTAL  for  Incueables,  situated  on  the  summit 
of  West  Hill.  This  institution  was  founded  in  1854  by  the  efforts  of  the  late  Dr.  Andrew 
Eeed.  It  was  established  for  the  lifelong  benefit  of  those  persons  above  the  pauper  class 
suffering  from  incurable  maladies.  To  persons  haA'ing  a  home,  but  without  the  means  of 
support,  a  pension  of  £20  a  year  is  given.  In  1803  the  building  now  occupied  as  the 
Hospital  was  purchased,  together  with  the  freehold  of  24  acres  of  land  surrounding  it. 
The  edifice,  formerly  a  large  and  distinguished  family  residence,  was  extended  by  the 
addition  of  two  wings,  and  now  affords  accommodation  for  200  inmates.  It  contains  on 
an  average  about  150  patients,  whilst  upwards  of  300  are  in  reccii^t  of  pensions  from  the 
charity  at  their  own  homes.  This  institution  is  uncndoAved,  and  therefore  dependent  on 
public  charity. 

Near  the  western  extremity  of  the  heath  is  Eoehampton,  a  hamlet  to  Putney,  which, 
from  its  pleasant  situation  and  close  vicinity  to  Eichmond  Park,  has  long  been  a  favoiirite 
place  of  retirement  for  persons  of  rank  and  affluence.  Many  good  houses  have  in  conse- 
quence been  built  here  during  the  last  and  present  centuries,  and  the  population  has  been 
much  increased,  though  not  to  that  extent  as  in  other  suburban  districts  where  manu- 
factures have  been  introduced. 

On  the  west  side  of  Eoehampton  Lane  a  small  chapel-of-easo  to  Putney,  consisting 
only  of  nave,  chancel,  and  south  porch,  was  erected  in  1842,  from  the  designs  of 
Mr.  Benjamin  Ferrey,  in  the  early  English  or  lancet  style  of  architecture.  In  the 
following  year  it  was  consecrated  by  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  and  dedicated  to  the 
Holy  Trinity.  In  1845  the  hamlet  of  Eoehampton  was  formed  into  an  ecclesiastical 
parish  from  the  civil  parish  of  Putney,  and  in  1862  the  chapel  of  the  Holy  Trinity  was 
enlarged,  so  as  to  serve  as  the  parish  church.  The  living  is  a  vicarage,  in  the  gift  of  the 
Bishop  of  Eochester. 

EoEHAJiPTOK  HorsE,  the  seat  of  the  Leslie-Melville  family,  is  a  large  mansion  of  red 
brick,  with  stone  di-essings,  built  for  Thomas  Gary,  Esq.,  about  1712.*     The  saloon  was 

*  In  the  "  Vitruvius  Britannicus,"  vol.  i.,  is  an  elevation  of  the  cMef  front,  which  was  of  a  very  funciful  character, 
and  said  (on  the  plate)  to  be  "  Invented  hy  Thomas  Archer,  Esq.,"  whom  Walpole  calls  the  "groom-porter."  Mr.  Archer 
also  designed  the  Chm-ch  of  St.  John,  near  Millbaut,  at  "Westminster,  in  a  style  yet  more  absurd  than  the  above. 

dd2 


jo^  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

painted  by  Sir  James  Thornhill.  The  ceiling  represents  a  Festival  of  the  Gods  on  Olympus : 
the  colouring  is  vivid,  and  the  whole  is  in  good  preservation.  The  lawn,  shi-ubberies,  and 
pleasure  grounds  are  extensive  and  judiciously  disposed. 

Mount  Clare,  formerly  the  seat  of  Admiral  Sir  Charles  Ogle,  Bart.,  was  built  in  1772 
by  George  Clive,  Esq.,  who  bought  the  estate  at  the  rate  of  £300  per  acre,  on  account  of 
the  fine  situation  of  the  grounds,  which  command  beautiful  views  over  Eichmond  Park, 
&c.,  and  in  compliment  to  his  relation,  Lord  Clive,  then  proprietor  of  Claremont,  called 
it  Mount  Clare.  In  1780  it  became  the  property  of  Sir  John  Dick,  Bart.,  who,  with  the 
assistance  of  Signer  P.  Columb,  a  Milanese  architect,  added  a  Doric  portico  and  other 
decorations,  so  as  to  give  the  house  the  character  of  an  Italian  villa.  Much  attention 
was  also  given  to  the  improvement  of  the  grounds  and  plantations.  After  the  decease 
of  Sir  John  Dick  in  1804  this  estate  was  transferred  to  Charles  Hatchett,  Esq., 
P.E.S.,  subsequently  to  Henry  Mildmay,  Esq.,  and  afterwards  to  Admiral  Sir  Charles 
Ogle. 

Bessboeoitgh  House,  an  elegant  mansion  erected  by  Sir  William  Chambers  for 
Brabason  Ponsonby,  Earl  of  Bessborough,  is  described  in  the  "Vitruvius  Britannicus," 
vol.  iv.,  under  the  name  of  Parkstead.  The  Earl  was  distinguished  for  his  patronage  of 
the  arts,  but  the  fine  collection  of  antiques  and  pictures  which  he  had  formed  at  Eoehamp- 
ton  was  mostly  sold  by  auction  in  1801.  Frederick,  the  third  earl,  Avas  appointed 
Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland  in  1845,  and  he  died  at  Dublin  in  1847.  In  the  grounds, 
which  are  very  extensive,  is  a  summer-house  in  which  Lord  Bessborough  used  to  enter- 
tain the  Prince  of  Wales  with  wine  and  cards.  The  mansion  was  purchased  about  1860 
by  the  Jesuits,  who  have  turned  it  into  a  seminary  for  their  order,  and  have  named  it 
Manresa  House,  after  an  episode  in  the  life  of  their  founder,  St.  Ignatius.  A  fine  chapel 
has  been  added  as  a  wing  to  the  house,  and  the  summer-house  above  mentioned  has  been 
converted  into  a  little  oratory. 

Viscountess  Clifden  has  a  handsome  villa  at  Eoehampton :  here  likewise  are  Devon- 
shire House,  the  seat  of  Mr.  David  Barclay  Chapman,  and  The  Egokery,  the  residence 
of  Mrs.  Eobson.    Earl  Spencer  is  one  of  the  principal  landowners  here. 

A  violent  whirlwind  which  occurred  at  Eoehampton  in  October,  1780,  occasioned  great 
damage.  From  Bessborough  House,  at  Eoehampton,  its  ravages  extended  to  Hammer- 
smith. The  premises  of  a  gardener  near  the  lane  leading  to  Barnes  Common  were  nearly 
all  blown  down.  Of  seven  persons  who  had  fled  into  the  barn  for  shelter,  one  was  killed 
on  the  spot,  and  another  died  in  consequence  of  the  injuries  he  had  received.  On  Lady 
Eggleton's  grounds  a  large  walnut-tree  was  torn  up  by  the  roots,  and  thrown  to  the 


4 

0 


PUTNEY.  205 

distance  of  22  feet.  A  long  avenue  of  hedgerow  trees  in  Eoehampton  Lane  was  thrown 
down.  The  workhouse  on  Barnes  Common  was  much  damaged,  and  a  windmill 
overturned.  At  Hammersmith  the  church  door  was  forced  open,  and  a  large  window  on 
the  opposite  side  shattered  into  pieces.  The  earth  in  many  places  in  the  line  of  the  progress 
of  the  whirlwind  was  torn  up  as  if  ploughed.* 

Among  the  eminent  natives  and  former  residents  in  this  parish  the  following  persons 
may  be  noticed : — 

Nicholas  West,  LL.D.,  Bishop  of  Ely,  was  the  son  of  a  baker,  and  born  at  Putney. 
After  studying  at  Eton,  he  went  to  King's  College,  Cambridge,  in  1477.  There,  says 
Fuller,  "  he  was  a  Rakel  [Rakehell]  in  grain ;  for  something  crossing  him  in  the  Colledgo, 
he  could  find  no  other  way  to  work  his  revenge  than  by  secret  setting  on  fire  the  Master's 
lodgings,  part  whereof  he  burnt  to  the  ground."  f  Wood's  statement  of  this  afi'air  is  that 
West,  having  raised  a  quarrel  about  the  proctorship  of  the  university,  "  when  he  could 
not  obtain  his  desires,  he  set  fire  to  the  Provost's  lodgings,  stole  away  silver  spoons,  and 
ran  away  from  the  College."  %  He  then  for  a  time  led  an  erratic  and  idle  life,  but  at 
length  reformed  his  conduct,  studied  hard,  became  an  excellent  scholar,  and  an  able 
diplomatist.  In  1502  he  obtained  the  vicarage  of  Kingston,  in  Sm-rey,  and  in  1510  was 
made  Dean  of  Windsor,  whence,  in  May,  1515,  he  was  promoted  to  the  bishopric  of  Ely, 
and  Henry  VIII.  employed  him  repeatedly  in  foreign  embassies.  In  1529,  when  an 
investigation  of  the  legality  of  the  marriage  of  the  King  with  Catherine  of  Arragon  took 
place  before  Wolsey  and  Campeggio,  the  Papal  commissioners,  Bishop  West,  with  Fisher, 
Bishop  of  Eochester,  and  others,  was  appointed  to  manage  the  Queen's  defence.  He  died 
in  1533,  and  was  iaterred  in  the  cathedral  church  of  Ely.  It  ought  to  be  mentioned  that 
this  prelate,  as  some  atonement  for  his  youthful  irregularities,  became  a  benefactor  to  the 
place  of  his  education,  and  rebuilt  the  master's  lodgings,  which  in  his  youth  he  had 
attempted  to  destroy.  Godwin  says  that  the  style  of  his  living  was  so  magnificent  that  he 
kept  in  >his  house  one  hundred  servants,  to  fifty  of  whom  he  gave  4  marks  wages,  and  to 
the  others  40s.,  allowing  each  of  them  7^  yards  of  cloth  for  summer  and  winter  liveries. 

Thomas  Cromwell,  Earl  of  Essex,  and  Prime  Minister  of  Henry  VIII.  after  the  fall 
of  Cardinal  Wolsey,  was  the  son  of  a  blacksmith  at  Putney.  The  place  of  his  birth  is  yet 
pointed  out  by  tradition,  and  in  some  measiu'c  corroborated  by  a  survey  of  Wimbledon 
manor  taken  in  1617;    for  it  describes  upon  that  spot  "an  ancient  cottage  called  the 

*  Viie  I.ysons,  "  Environ?,''  vol.  i.  pp.  434,  435  ;  from  a  pamphlet,  with  engravings,  published  by  Edw.  Edwards 
ill  1781. 

t  Fuller,  "Worthies,"  vol.  ii.  p.  358,  edit.  1811.  X  "  Athenoe  Oxon."  vol.  i.  col.  G53. 


2o6  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

Smith's  Shop,  lying  west  of  the  highway  leading  from  Putney  to  the  Upper  gate,  and  on 
the  south  side  of  the  highway  from  Eichmond  to  "Wandsworth,  having  the  sign  of  the 
Anchor."  Scarcely  anything  is  known  of  the  early  career  of  this  statesman,  until  we  find 
him  in  the  service  of  Wolsey,  by  whom  he  was  employed,  in  1527,  in  suppressing  a 
number  of  the  smaller  religious  foundations,  the  revenues  of  which  were  to  be  appropriated 
to  the  support  of  new  colleges  at  Ipswich  and  Oxford.  The  agency  of  Cromwell  on  this 
occasion  probably  contributed  more  than  anything  else  to  procure  him  similar  employ- 
ment, and  consequent  promotion  as  a  servant  of  the  Crown.  He  was  appointed  a  Privy 
Councillor,  Master  of  the  Jewel  Office,  Clerk  of  the  Hanaper,  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer, 
Principal  Secretary  of  State,  Master  of  the  EoUs,  Visitor  General  of  the  religious  founda- 
tions. Lord  Privy  Seal ;  and,  on  the  abolition  of  the  Papal  supremacy  in  England,  he  was 
constituted  Vicar  General  of  the  spiritualities,  in  virtue  of  which  he  presided  at  the 
Convocation  held  in  1537,  taking  his  place  above  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury.  He 
also  held  the  offices  of  Chief  Justice  in  Eyre  north  of  the  Trent,  and  Constable  of  Caris- 
brooke  Castle,  in  the  Isle  of  Wight.  In  1537  he  was  raised  to  the  peerage  as  Baron  of 
Okeham,  in  Eutlandshire,  and  in  1540  created  Earl  of  Essex.  A  few  months  only  after 
this  last  promotion  he  was  executed  as  a  traitor  on  Tower  Hill,  his  imperious  and 
tyrannical  master  having  apparently  taken  umbrage  against  him  for  advancing  his  marriage 
with  Anne  of  Cleves. 

Edward  Gibbon,  the  celebrated  author  of  the  "  History  of  the  Decline  and  Fall  of  the 
Eoman  Empire,"  was  born  at  Putney  on  April  27th  (O.S.),  1737.  Being  the  only  surviving 
son  of  a  gentleman  possessing  an  independent  fortune,  he  did  not  adopt  any  profession 
or  lucrative  occupation.  Part  of  his  youth  was  spent  with  his  aunt,  at  the  house  of  his 
maternal  grandfather,  near  Putney  Bridge.  He  passed  a  few  years  at  Westminster  School, 
and  about  fourteen  months  at  Magdalen  College,  Oxford.  The  immediate  cause  of  his  removal 
thence  was  his  conversion  to  the  Catholic  faith,  a  circumstance  which  induced  his  father  to 
send  him  to  Lausanne,  in  Switzerland,  and  place  him  under  the  tutelage  of  Mr.  Pavilliard, 
a  Calvinist  minister,  who  effected  the  reconversion  of  his  pupil  to  Protestantism,  of  which 
he  made  a  public  profession  on  Christmas  Day,  1754.  He  returned  to  England  in  1758, 
having  during  his  absence  acquired  a  competent  acquaintance  with  the  Latin,  Greek, 
and  French  languages  and  literature.  About  1761  he  obtained  a  commission  in  the 
Hampshire  militia,  of  which  after  some  years  he  became  Lieutenant-Colonel.  He  had 
subsequently  a  seat  in  Parliament,  and  for  a  few  years  held  the  office  of  a  Lord  of  Trade 
and  Plantations.  He  travelled  in  France  and  Italy  in  1763 — 1765,  after  which  he 
settled  in  London,  where  he  continued  until  1783,  when  he  removed  to  Lausanne,  at 


PUTNEY.  207 

wliicli  place,  Avitli  the  exception  of  a  few  mouths  passed  in  Englaud  in  1787  aud  1788,  he 
resided  until  1793.     He  died  in  London  in  1794. 

Gibbon's  first  publication  was  a  tract  in  French  entitled  "  Essai  sur  I'Etudo  de  la 
Litterature,"  1761,  12mo.  In  the  same  language  he  published,  in  conjunction  with 
Mr.  George  Deyverdun,  a  literary  journal  or  revieAV,  under  the  title  of  "Memoircs  Lit- 
terau-es  de  la  Grande  Bretagne,"  in  two  volumes,  17G7,  1768.  lie  commenced  the 
publication  of  his  great  work,  written  at  Lausanne,  on  the  History  of  Imperial  Eome,  in 
1776,  and  the  sixth  and  last  volume  appeared  in  1788.  This  work  has  been  several  times 
reprinted  in  octavo.  His  Miscellaneous  Works,  including  autobiographical  memoirs,  were 
published  by  his  friend.  Lord  Sheffield,  in  1796.  Lysous  states  that  the  house  in  which 
Gibbon  was  born,  and  which  was  afterwards  purchased  by  Mr.  Eobert  Wood  (of  ■\\'hom  a 
notice  follows)  "  is  situated  between  the  roads  which  lead  to  Wandsworth  and  Wimbledon. 
The  farm  aud  pleasure  grounds  which  adjoin  the  house  are  very  spacious,  containing  near 
80  acres,  and  command  a  beautiful  prospect  of  London  and  the  adjoining  country."  In 
the  early  part  of  the  last  century  this  estate  was  the  property  of  the  late  John  Pooley 
Kensington,  Esq.,  a  banker  of  London,  Sherifi"  of  Surrey  in  1803,  aud  Colonel  of  the  3rd 
Eegiment  of  the  City  Volunteers. 

Among  the  residents  at  Putney  who  were  distinguished  as  literary  characters  was 
Eobert  Wood,  Esq.,  M.P.,  Under-Secretary  of  State  when  Wilkes  was  prosecuted  for 
publishing  a  libel  on  George  III.  This  gentleman  was  a  native  of  Ireland,  and  having 
travelled  in  Greece,  Egypt,  Arabia,  and  Syria,  he  published  in  1753  "  The  Euins  of 
Palmyra,  otherwise  Tedmor  in  the  Desert,"  in  folio,  illustrated  with  engravings  from  his 
own  drawings;  and  in  1757  appeared  "The  Eiiius  of  Baalbec,"  in  the  same  style.  He 
was  also  the  author  of  an  "  Essay  on  the  Genius  of  Homer,  with  a  View  of  the  Ancient 
and  Present  State  of  the  Troad,"  1775,  4to,  reprinted  in  1797.  He  died  in  1771,  and 
was  interred  in  the  new  biuial-ground  on  the  upper  road  to  Eichmond.  The  inscription 
to  his  memory  was  written  by  the  Hon.  Horace  Walpole. 

John  Toland,  M.  A.,  a  deistical  writer  in  the  earlier  part  of  the  last  century,  spent 
the  later  years  of  his  life  in  lodgings  at  a  carpenter's  in  Putney,  where  he  died  in  1722, 
and  was  buried  in  the  churchyard.  He  was  born  near  Londonderry  in  1670,  and  ho 
received  his  education  at  the  University  of  Glasgow ;  but  he  also  studied  at  Edinburgh, 
Leyden,  and  Oxford.  He  possessed  great  talents  and  learning,  but  his  open  scepticism, 
both  in  his  conversation  and  writings,  gave  ofi'ence  to  many.  His  most  noted  works  are 
those  entitled  "Christianity  not  Mysterious,"  published  in  1696;  "Life  of  John 
Milton,"  1698;    "Amyntor,  or  a  Defence  of  Milton's  Life,"  1699;    "  Origines  Judaicse," 


HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 


publislied  in  Holland  about  1709;  "  Tetradymus,"  &c.,  1720;  "  Pantheisticon,"  in 
Latin,  1720;  and  a  "  History  of  the  British  Druids:"  the  latter  was  published  with 
other  posthumous  works,  and  reprinted  in  1807.  Many  of  Toland's  manuscripts  are  in 
the  British  Museum.     He  was  an  adept  in  more  than  ten  languages. 


TOOTING,  OR  LOWER  TOOTING.* 

The  parish  of  Tooting  is  bordered  on  the  north  by  Wandsworth,  on  the  east  by 
Streatham,  and  by  Mitcham  on  the  south  and  west.  The  soil  in  general  consists  of 
clay  intermixed  with  graA'el,  and  the  land  is  chiefly  arable.  In  most  records  the  name 
of  this  place  is  written  with  the  addition  of  Gravency,  which  should  more  properly  be 
Gravenell,  being  the  name  of  persons  who  held  considerable  property  here  in  the  twelfth 
and  thu-teenth  centuries. 

There  were  two,  or  rather  three,  manors  called  ToUnges  (Tooting)  at  the  time  of  the 
Doomsday  survey,  besides  that  held  of  the  gift  of  Kichard  de  Tonbridge  by  the  monks 
of  St.  Mary  de  Bee,  and  therefore  styled  the  manor  of  Tooting  Bee,  described  in  the 
account  of  Streatham.  One  of  these  manors  is  thus  noticed  in  the  Doomsday  Book,  among 
the  lands  of  the  Abbot  of  St.  Peter's,  "Westminster : — 

*'  The  Abbot  holds  Totinges,  which  Swain  or  Sweyn  held  of  King  Edward,  when  it 
was  assessed  at  4  hides.  The  arable  land  amounts  to  1^  carucates.  There  are  two 
villains,  with  half  a  carucate,  and  3  acres  of  meadow.  In  the  time  of  King  Edward  it  was 
valued  at  40s.,  and  the  same  at  present;  but  when  the  Abbot  received  it,  at  only  20s. 

"  Earl  Wallef  obtained  this  land  from  Swain,  after  the  death  of  King  Edward,  and 
he  mortgaged  it,  for  2  marks  of  gold,  to  Alnothus  the  Londoner,  who  gave  his  interest  in 
it  to  St.  Peter,  for  the  health  of  his  soul.  Odbert  holds  it  of  the  Abbot,  exempt  from 
payment  of  geld." 

This  manor  is  supposed  to  have  been  joined  either  with  the  manor  of  Tooting  Bee  in 
Streatham,  or  with  that  of  Tooting  Graveney. 

The  other  estates  are  thus  described  in  the  Doomsday  Book : — 

"  Haimo  the  Sheriff  holds  Totinges  of  the  Abbot  of  Certesy.  In  the  time  of  King 
Edward  it  was  assessed  at  6  hides,  wanting  1  virgate:  now  at  nothing.  The  arable 
land  consists  of  3  carucates.  There  is  1  carucate  in  demesne ;  and  three  villains,  and 
two  bordars,  with  1  carucate.  There  is  a  church ;  and  4  acres  of  meadow.  In  the  time  of 
King  Edward,  it  was  valued  at  40s. ;  afterwards,  at  20s. ;  and  now,  at  70s. 

*  Upper  Tooting  is  chiefly  situated  in  tlie  parish,  of  Streatham. 


TOOTING,  OR  LOWER  TOOTING.  209 

"  The  same  Haimo  holds  of  the  Abbot  1  hide,  held  of  King  Edward  by  Osward,  who 
could  remove  whither  he  pleased.  There  is  one  villain,  with  half  a  carucate,  and  1  acre 
of  meadow.     In  the  time  of  King  Edward,  it  was  valued  at  15s. ;  now  at  10s." 

Hamo  de  Gravenell,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  II.,  gave  to  the  Prior  of  St.  Mary  Overey 
the  tithes  and  advowson  of  the  church  of  Tooting,  and  the  grant  was  confirmed  by 
Eichard,  Bishop  of  Winchester.  King  John,  in  121C,  granted  to  Denis,  his  chaplain, 
the  land  at  Tooting  which  had  belonged  to  Eichard  de  Gravenell,  who  had  probably  lost 
the  estate  in  consequence  of  having  taken  part  with  the  barons  in  theii'  contest  with  the 
King.  If  so,  however,  the  lands  must  have  been  shortly  restored,  for  it  is  stated  in  the 
Testa  de  Nevill  that  the  heirs  of  Eichard  de  Gravenell  held  one  knight's  fee  in  Tooting 
of  the  Abbot  of  Chertsey.  In  13  Edward  I.  Bartholomew  de  Castello  obtained  a  charter 
of  free-warren  for  himself  and  his  heirs  in  this  manor. 

Thomas  de  Lodelowe  died  in  1314,  seized  of  the  manor  of  Totinge  Gravenel,  consisting 
of  a  capital  messuage,  garden,  dovecote,  100  acres  of  arable  land,  12  of  meadow,  5  of 
pasture,  4  of  woodland,  rents  of  assize,  &c.,  held  of  the  Abbot  of  Chertsey  in  cajntc,  as 
half  a  knight's  fee.  Katherine,  widow  of  Thomas  de  Lodelowe,  son  and  heii-  of  the 
preceding,  held  this  manor  in  1394  by  the  payment  of  a  rose  at  the  feast  of  St.  John  the 
Baptist.  On  her  decease  in  the  same  year  the  inheritance  devolved  on  Margaret, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Lodelowe,  and  wife  of  Sir  John  Dymock,  whose  family  continued  its 
possessors  for  nearly  two  centuries.  Sir  Edward  Dymock,  about  1593,  transferred  this 
property  to  James  Harrington,  Esq.,  by  whom,  in  1597,  it  was  conveyed  to  Sir  Henry 
Maynard,  secretary  to  Lord  Burghley ;  and  it  was  probably  to  him  that  Queen  Elizabeth 
paid  her  visit  when  at  Tooting  in  1600.  William,  his  eldest  son,  was  advanced  to  the 
peerage,  but  this  estate  was  held,  possibly  under  a  marriage  settlement,  by  Sir  John 
Maynard,  his  second  son,  made  a  Knight  of  the  Bath  at  the  coronation  of  Charles  I.  He 
sat  in  several  Parliaments,  and  in  1647,  together  with  Denzil  Holies,  Sir  William  Waller, 
and  other  leaders  of  the  Presbyterian  party,  was  impeached  of  high  treason.  Maynard  was 
committed  to  the  Tower,  but  the  prosecution  was  discontinued.  On  his  decease  in  1658 
this  estate  descended  to  his  son  and  heir,  John,  who  died  in  1664,  leaving  a  daughter 
Mary,  wife  of  Sir  Edward  Honeywood,  Bart. 

Sii-  Paul  Wichcote,  Bart.,  was  owner  of  this  property  prior  to  1695,  and  in  that  year 
the  royal  assent  was  given  in  Parliament,  enabling  him  and  Dame  Jane,  his  wife,  to  make 
"  leases  for  ninety-nine  years  of  the  manor  of  Tooting-Graveuey,  and  any  of  his  messuages, 
lands,  and  hereditaments  in  Tooting-Graveney,  Tooting-Becko,  and  Streatham,  in  the  county 
of  Surrey,  for  the  better  improvement  thereof."     The  manor  was  subsequently  pui'chased 

VOL.   III.  B  E 


2,0  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

by  James  Bateman,  Esq.,  afterwards  knighted,  an  Alderman  of  Loudon,  and  Lord  Mayor  in 
1717  :  lie  died  in  171 8,  and  was  buried  by  uigbt  with  great  pomp  in  Tooting  Church.  His 
son  John  sold  this  manor,  with  his  other  property  in  Surrey,  under  the  authority  of  an  Act 
passed  in  11  George  I.,  to  Percival  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Putney,  from  whom  it  descended  to  his 
grandson  of  the  same  name,  whose  estate  here  was  sold  by  auction  in  1767  for  £24,925. 
Morgan  Eice,  Esq.,  a  distiller,  who  bought  the  manor  and  part  of  the  land,  built  a  good 
house  on  the  rising  ground  above  the  church,  and  was  appointed  Sheriff  of  Surrey  in 
1772.  Soon  after  his  decease  in  1795  this  manor  was  sold  to  Thomas  Piatt,  Esq. ;  it  has 
since  passed  successively  into  the  hands  of  the  Poles,  Barings,  Thomases,  &c. 

Advowson,  &c. — On  the  dissolution  of  the  priory  of  St.  Mary  Overey  this  advowson 
became  vested  in  the  Crown,  and  was  granted  by  Edward  YI.  to  Edward  Fynes,  Lord 
Clinton  and  Say,  afterwards  Earl  of  Lincoln.  It  was  subsequently  repeatedly  transferred 
by  sale,  imtil  it  came  into  the  possession  of  Sir  James  Bateman,  Avho  held  the  manor,  as 
stated  above,  and  James,  his  son,  about  1725,  sold  both  to  Percival  Lewis,  Esq.  The 
latter  conveyed  the  advowson  to  the  Eev.  Nicholas  Brady,  whose  only  daughter,  Martha, 
was  married  to  the  Eev.  Dr.  Henry  Allen,  instituted  to  this  living  in  1769.  He  afterwards 
sold  the  advowson  to  the  Eev.  G.  F.  Barlow,  who  succeeded  him  as  vicar,  and  then 
disposed  of  the  patronage  to  Peter  Broadley,  Esq.  The  present  patron  is  the  Eev.  George 
S.  Flack,  who  is  also  rector.  This  benefice,  in  the  diocese  of  Eochester  and  archdeaconry 
of  Southwark,  is  described  in  the  Yalor  of  Henry  VIII.  as  paying  a  pension  of  5s.  to  the 
Prior  of  St.  Mary's,  and  4s.  Cd.  for  procurations  and  synodals.  In  the  Taxation  of  Pope 
Nicholas  it  is  valued  at  40s.,  and  in  the  King's  books  at  £8  8s.  6id,  The  Eegister 
commences  in  1555. 

The  church,  dedicated  to  St.  Nicholas,  was  rebuilt  in  1822  from  the  designs  of  Mr. 
Atkinson,  reconsecrated  in  1833,  and  further  enlarged  in  1873  and  187G.  It  is  in  the 
pointed  style,  and  has  a  well-proportioned  tower  of  four  stories.  The  east  windoAv  is 
enriched  with  stained  glass,  the  gift  of  the  late  E.  G.  Thomas,  Esq.,  lord  of  the  manor : 
the  side  windows  are  also  bordered  with  stained  glass.  In  the  central  part  of  the  Gothic 
altar  screen  is  a  good  copy,  presented  by  Mr.  Bates,  of  the  "Salvator  Mundi "  by 
Sir  James  Thornhill. 

Among  the  sepulchral  memorials  removed  from  the  old  church  is  a  tablet  in  memory 
of  Sir  John  Hebdon,  Knt.,  twice  Envoy  to  Eussia  under  Charles  I.  and  Charles  II.,  "  for 
whose  interest  he  spared  neither  purse  nor  person,  though  to  the  prejudice  of  his  owne." 
He  died  in  1670.  Capt.  Philip  Gidley  King,  E.N.,  formerly  Governor  of  New  South 
"Wales,  who  died  in  1802,  was  buried  in  the  south  aisle.     A  more  recent  tablet  records 


WAXnSUVRTH.  21, 

the  memory  of  Rieliard  Alsager,  Esq.,  M.P.  for  East  Surrey,  and  "  one  of  the  Ekler  Brothers 
of  the  Trinity  House,"  who  died  in  1841. 

In  the  churchyard  are  the  tombs  of  Sir  John  Maynard,  K.B.,  and  his  sou.  Sir  John 
Maynard,  Knt.,  who  died  in  1658  and  1664  respectively. 

Rectors  of  Tooting  Graveney  in  and  since  1800  :* — 

\.—Rolcrt  Broadleij,  B.A.     Inducted  in  1801. 

2.— John  RavcuMll,  B.A.     Instituted  in  1805. 

3. — John  Buxton  3farsdeu,  M.A.     Inducted  in  1833. 

4. — Richard  Wilson  Greaves,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1844. 

5. — John  Congreve,  M.A.     Instituted  in  18G7. 

Q>.— George  Sutton  Flack,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1875. 

Between  the  churchyard  and  the  Mitcham  road  is  an  artesian  well :  it  was  sunk  at 
the  cost  of  the  parishioners,  and  a  fountain  raised  over  it  in  1823.  It  produces  an 
abundant  and  constant  supply,  the  water  being  directed  to  several  small  fountains  in  the 
village :  the  depth  of  the  well  is  about  130  feet.  The  cemetery  belonging  to  the  parish 
of  Lambeth  is  at  Lower  Tooting :  it  covers  about  20  acres  of  land.  Xear  the  church, 
on  the  road  to  Streatham,  are  schools  for  boys  and  gu'ls  on  the  National  system. 

At  Tooting  and  its  neighbourhood,  as  in  most  of  the  suburban  villages  in  Surrey, 
are  numerous  seats  of  retired  merchants  and  tradesmen,  several  of  them  being  elegant 
villas,  with  extensive  grounds  annexed.  Of  these.  Hill  House,  formerly  the  seat  of  the 
late  Mr,  Alderman  Veuables,  is  one  of  the  most  conspicuous.  Tooting  Bee  Common, 
nearly  150  acres  in  extent,  is  imder  the  management  of  the  Metropolitan  Board  of  Works, 
and  preserved  as  an  "  open  space  "  for  the  recreation  of  the  South  Londoners. 

There  is  at  Tooting  a  meeting-house  for  Independents,  which,  Lysons  says,  "owes  its 
origin  to  the  celebrated  Daniel  Defoe,  who  fli'st  formed  the  Dissenters  of  that  neighbour- 
hood into  a  regular  society  soon  after  the  Eevolution." 


WANDSWORTH. 

The  village  which  gives  name  to  this  parish  is  situated  on  the  banks  of  tlie  rivor 
Wandle,  whence  it  was  called  IVandlesworlh,  and  in  the  Doomsday  Book  Wendelesorde, 
the  termination  tvorth  in  the  Saxon  language,  according  to  Lysons,  signifying  a  village  or 
a  shore.     On  the  north  this  parish  is  bounded  by  the  Thames,  on  the  east  by  Battersea, 

*  Samuel  Lisle,  D.D.,  who  was  instituted  to  Tooting  in  1720-21,  and  resigned  the  living  in  1729,  was  i-aised  to  the 
bishopric  of  St.  Asaph  in  1743.     He  was  subsequently  translated  to  Norwich,  and  died  in  1749. 


2,2  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

ou  the  south  by  Streatham  and  Tooting,  and  on  the  west  by  Putney  and  Wimbledon. 
The  soil  in  general  is  a  sandy  loam,  with  a  subsoil  of  gravel. 

The  following  particiilars  of  this  place  are  derived  from  the  Doomsday  Book  : — 

"  William  Pitz-Ansculf  holds  Wetidelesorde,  which  was  held  of  King  Edward,  by  six 
socmen  [socmanni'],  who  could  remove  whither  they  pleased.  There  were  two  Halls. 
Then  and  now  it  was  assessed  at  12  hides.  The  arable  land  consists  of  4  carucates. 
Ansculf  had  this  land  after  he  received  the  Shrievalty ;  but  the  men  of  the  hundred  say 
they  never  saw  seal  or  livery.  Ansfrid  held  5  hides,  now  assessed  for  1  hide ;  Eldred 
3  hides,  now  for  nothing;  Wolfward  [Yluuardus]  3  hides;  Walter  the  Huntsman 
[Vinitor]  1  hide,  which  never  paid  geld.  In  the  lands  of  these  men  are  2^  carucates  in 
demesne ;  and  five  villains,  and  twenty  bordars,  with  2  carucates ;  and  22  acres  of 
meadow.  The  whole  manor,  in  the  time  of  King  Edward,  was  rated  at  110s.  ;  afterwards 
at  50s. ;  now  at  £8  in  all." 

"The  Abbot  of  St.  Yandreuil  [St.  Wandregesil]  holds  Wandesorde,  by  Ingulph  the 
monk.  Sweyn  held  it  of  King  Edward,  and  could  remove  whither  he  pleased.  It  was 
then  assessed  at  1  hide ;  now  at  nothing.  There  are  tkree  Adllains,  and  two  bordars,  with 
1  carucate.     It  was  and  is  valued  at  20s." 

In  the  survey  of  Battersea,  which  was  held  by  the  Abbot  of  Westminster,  it  is  stated 
that  "  the  toll  of  Wandelesorde  yielded  £6  to  the  Abbot." 

At  the  present  time  there  are  four  reputed  manors,  either  wholly  or  in  part  in  this 
parish ;  namely,  Battersea  and  Wandsworth,  Downe,  Dunsfold,  and  Alfarthing. 

The  Manor  of  Battersea  and  Wandsworth. — The  land  called  Wendelesorde  in  the 
Doomsday  Book,  and  recorded  to  be  held  by  William  Eitz- Ansculf,  appears  to  have  been 
illegally  acquired  by  his  father  whilst  Sheriff  of  Surrey.  The  jurors  testified  that  they 
had  not  seen  either  seal  or  livery  respecting  it,  and  in  consequence  the  King  is  supposed 
to  have  seized  the  land,  and  to  have  given  it  to  the  Abbot  of  Westminster,  by  whom  it 
was  annexed  to  Battersea. 

The  Manor  of  Downe,  or  Downe-buys. — This  manor  is  thought  to  have  had 
origin  in  some  one  of  the  parcels  of  land  mentioned  in  the  Doomsday  Book  as  held  by 
Ansfrid,  Eldred,  and  others.  Eobert  de  la  Dune,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  III.,  held  one- 
third  of  a  knight's  fee  in  Wendelesworth  from  the  Abbot  of  Westminster.  In  a  record 
of  51  EdAvard  III.  it  is  stated  that  the  abbot  held  this  manor  (valued  at  £4)  under  the 
King  in  frank-almoigne.  After  the  suppression  it  remained  among  the  possessions  of 
the  Crown  until  Elizabeth,  in  1581,  granted  it  to  William  Cammock,  who  next  year 
conveyed  it  to  Sir  William  Cecil,  afterwards  Lord  Burghley.     Erom  him   this  manor 


c^mi?. 


CIM^  h:^4c?^  Jl^.^6,  fln.  ^Mn^>4^  UAee^^t.  -fS'^t?. 


ected  M-ndowc-a  "by  Miss  Woods  of  S"hop  Wyie 


WANDS  f  von  TH:  213 

descended  to  his  grandson  Edward,  Yiscouut  AVimbledou,  -whose  daughters  and 
coheiresses  sokl  it  to  Mrs.  Elizabeth  HowLand,  of  Streatham.  Ey  the  marriage  of  her 
daughter  Elizabeth  with  Wriothesley,  Marquis  of  TaAdstock,  this  manor,  with  Streatham 
and  other  estates,  became  vested  in  the  Eussell  family ;  and  in  1792  Francis,  Duke  of_ 
Bedford,  sold  Downe  to  George  John,  second  Earl  Spencer,  Avhose  grandson,  the  tifth  and 
present  earl,  is  now  owner. 

The  manor  of  Dunsfold,  which  before  the  Eeformation  belonged  to  Merton  Priory,  was 
granted  by  Henry  YIII.  to  Charles  Brandon,  Duke  of  Suflfolk,  who  sold  it  to  Thomas, 
Lord  Cromwell,  for  £403  Gs.  8d.  On  his  attainder  in  1541  it  reverted  to  the  Crown. 
Qneen  Elizabeth,  in  15G4,  granted  it  to  her  favourite,  Eobert  Dudley,  afterwards  Earl  of 
Leicester,  of  whom  it  was  purchased  by  Sir  "William  Cecil,  and  in  7  Elizabeth  conveyed  by 
him  to  John  Swift,  Esq.*  He  sold  it  to  Thomas  Smith,  Esq.,  who  held  his  first  court 
liere  in  1569,  and  whose  descendant,  George  Smith,  in  1661,  transferred  it  to  Sir  Alan 
Brodi-ick,  ancestor  of  "William  Brocbick,  eighth  Viscoimt  Midleton. 

The  Mai^or  op  Alfarthing. — This  manor  appears  to  have  anciently  belonged  to  the 
Molyns  family,  of  whom  John,  Lord  Molyns,  in  8  Edward  III.,  obtained  a  grant  of  free- 
warren  in  all  his  demesne  lands  in  Halverthing  and  "Wandsworth.  Alianor,  daughter  and 
sole  heu-ess  of  "William  Molyns,  or  de  Molines,  was  married  in  1441  to  Eobert  Hungerford, 
summoned  to  Parliament  as  Lord  de  Molines  in  right  of  his  wdfe  by  Henry  VI.,  for 
espousing  whose  cause  in  the  "War  of  the  Eoses  he  was  attainted  and  beheaded  in  1463, 
when  his  estates  escheated  to  the  Crown.     Henry  "VIII.  annexed  this  manor  to  the  honour 

*  The  following  is  an  abstract  (translated)  from  the  Deed  of  Feofment  relating  to  the  Dunsfold  (Downeforthe)  and 
Garrett  estates  ia  Wandsworth,  enrolled  in  Chancery  in  1564,  and  entered  on  the  Dorse  of  the  Close  Roll  in  the  same 
year: — 

"  Know  all  men  that  I  William  Cecil!,  Knt.,  Principal  Secretary  to  the  Queen,  and  Master  of  the  Court  of  Wards 
and  Liveries,  for  a  competent  sum  of  lawful  money  of  England,  paid  me  by  John  Swifte,  Esq.,  of  London,  have  delivered 
and  enfeoffed  the  said  John  Swifte  and  Margaret  his  Wife  in  all  that  my  Lordship  and  Manor  of  Downeforthe  or  Donne- 
forth,  in  the  co.  of  Surrey,  which  belonged  to  the  lately  dissolved  Monastery  of  Marten  [Merton],  and  was  afterwards 
annexed  to  the  Honour  of  Hampton  Court.— And  also  all  that  Messuage  or  Tenement,  with  its  appurtenances,  called 
'  the  Garrett;  in  the  Parish  of  Wannesworthe,  Surrey,  with  all  the  arable  lands,  meadows,  fields,  pastures,  and  heredita- 
ments whatsoever,  being  part  and  parcel  of  the  same,  and  usually  heretofore  demised  and  held  with  it ;  and  likewise  all 
my  tithes,  greater  and  less,  predial  and  personal,  arising  within  the  said  parish  of  Wannesworth,  now  or  lately  in  the 
occupation  of  John  Bowland  or  his  assigns,  formerly  pertaining  to  the  Monastery  of  Marten,  and  afterwards  annexed  to 
tlie  Honoxir  of  Hampton  Court ;  and  all  and  singular  the  premises  which  I  the  before-named  AVilliam  Cccill  had  and 
obtained  for  myself  and  my  heirs  for  ever,  from  the  most  noble  Robert  Duddeley,  K.G.,  Earl  of  Leicester,  and  which  he 
held  imder  a  grant  of  our  Lady  Queen  Elizabeth,  by  letters  patent  dated  June  9th,  in  the  5th  year  of  her  reign.  I  assure, 
in  the  most  fuU  and  ample  form,  the  above-mentioned  Lordsliip,  Manor  and  Tenements  to  the  fore-named  John  Swifte, 
Mai'garet  his  wife,  and  their  heirs  and  as.?igns.  Moreover,  be  it  known  that  I  WUliam  CeciU  have  constituted  and 
ordained  Anthony  Rotsey  and  Robert  Hodgeson,  Gentlemen,  to  be  my  true  and  lawful  attorneys,  to  give  seisin  and 
possession  of  the  above  premises.  In  Witness,  &c. 

"  Signed  W.  CecUl ;  and  sealed  with  his  Crest ;  and  dated  March  I7tli,  1564  :  the  7th  of 
Queen  Elizabeth." 


214  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

of  Hampton  Court ;  but  subsequently,  in  1534,  lie  granted  it  for  a  term  of  sixty  years  to 
Thomas,  Lord  Cromwell.  After  its  reversion  to  ttie  Crown  by  his  attainder,  the  King 
regranted  it  (apparently  on  lease)  to  Eobert  Draper,  Esq.,  Page  of  the  Jewel  Office,  by  the 
marriage  of  whose  daughter  Elizabeth  with  John  Bowyer,  Esq.,  it  was  transferred  to  that 
family ;  and  Sir  Edward  Bowyer,  of  Camberwell,  held  a  court  here  in  21  James  I.  That 
monarch  settled  the  manor  on  Prince  Charles,  who,  after  his  accession  to  the  throne  in 
1625,  demised  it  for  a  term  of  ninety-nine  years  to  Sir  Henry  Hobart  and  others.  After- 
wards, in  1629,  the  King  granted  this  estate  in  fee-simple  to  Thomas  Porter,  Esq.,  whose 
descendant,  John  Porter,  Esq.,  married  Catherine,  daughter  of  Lieut.-Gen.  Sutton,  leaving, 
at  his  decease  in  1764,  one  son  and  five  daughters.  One  of  the  latter  married  Pierce 
"Walsh,  of  an  honourable  Irish  family ;  and  to  their  son.  Pierce  Patrick  Walsh,  Esq.,  this 
manor  was  bequeathed  by  his  maternal  uncle  on  condition  of  his  taking  the  name  of 
Porter.  He  died  in  1809,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  the  late  Walsh  Porter,  Esq., 
who  enfranchised  much  of  the  copyhold  property,  and  in  1811  sold  the  manor  to  the 
Eev.  Mr.  White,  by  whom,  in  1816,  it  was  resold  to  Earl  Spencer. 

Advowson,  &C.- — The  rectory  and  advowson,  previously  belonging  to  the  Abbot  of 
Westminster,  became  vested  in  the  Crown  after  the  dissolution  of  the  monasteries,  and 
Henry  VIII.  annexed  the  former  to  the  honour-  of  Hampton  Court.  In  1581  Queen 
Elizabeth  gave  both  rectory  and  advowson  to  Edward  Downing  and  Peter  Ashton ;  and 
they  were  afterwards  transferred  conjointly  to  successive  proprietors  until  1731,  when  Mr. 
John  Acworth,  who  then  held  them,  sold  the  rectorial  tithes  to  the  trustees  of  Marshall's 
charity  for  augmentiag  small  livings.  But  he  retained  the  advowson,  which  was  held  by 
his  grandson,  Thomas  Acworth,  who  died  in  1783,  when  it  fell  to  his  three  sisters  and 
coheiresses.  It  was  afterwards  purchased  by  the  Eev.  E.  H.  Butcher,  and  subsequently  by 
Dr.  Pemberton  and  Dr.  Eobinsou,  but  is  now  in  the  gift  of  the  Eev.  J.  Buckmaster,  ' 
the  present  vicar.  This  benefice  is  a  vicarage,  in  the  deanery  of  Southwark.  In 
20  Edward  I.  it  was  valued  at  10  marks;  in  the  King's  books  at  £15  5s.  5d.,  paying 
7s.  7:|.d.  for  procurations,  and  2s.  Id.  for  synodals.  The  earliest  Eegister  commences  in 
1603,  but  is  very  defective.     The  following  entries  of  longevity  are  given  by  Lysons  : — 

Alice  PallaJaye,  widow,  aged  114  years,  buried  March  25,  1622. 

Mr.  Thomas  Tayer,  aged  101,  buried  Dec.  30,  1653. 

Mary  Cross,  widow,  aged  102  years,  buried  August  5,  1760. 

The  following  entry  also  occurs  :— 

Sarah,  daughter  of  Praise  Barbone,  was  buried  April  13,  1635. 

This  is  considered  by  Lysons  to  refer  to   a  daughter  of  the  celebrated  Puritan  nick- 


WANDSWORTH. 


IIS 


I 


named  "Praise  God   Barebone,"  a  distinguished  member  of  the  Parliament  which  has 
been  designated  by  his  name.     He  was  a  leather-seller  in  Fleet  Street. 
Vicars  of  Wandsworth  in  and  since  1800  :  * — • 

1. — Robert  Holt  Butcher,  LL.B.     Instituted  in  1778. 

2. —  William  Borradaile,  D.D.     Instituted  in  1823. 

3. — Daniel  Charles  Delafossc,  D.D.     Instituted  in  1838. 

4. — Edward  Robert  Pembcrton,  D.C.L.     Instituted  in  1844. 

5. — Richard  Lateward  Toivnsend,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1850. 

6. — John  Buckmaster,  M.A,     Instituted  in  1856. 

All  Saints'  Church. — We  have  no  account  of  the  origia  of  this  church,  but  it  must 
have  been  prior  to  the  time  of  Bishop  Toecliffe,  who  appropriated  the  rectory  to  the 
see  of  Winchester  about  a.d.  1180.  His  successor,  Godfrey  do  Lucy,  ordained  that  the 
monks  should  receive  an  annual  pension  of  6  marks  out  of  the  revenues  of  the  church, 
leaving  the  vicar  enough  to  support  himself  and  to  pay  the  episcopal  burdens.  The 
old  church  was  almost  wholly  taken  down  in  1780,  and  the  present  structure  was  built 
in  its  stead,  at  an  expense  of  about  £3,500.  At  the  west  end  is  a  square  tower  of  two 
stories,  the  lowermost  of  which  formed  part  of  the  old  tower,  but  was  recascd  'n\  1841, 
a  belfry  story  being  raised  upon  it.  The  latter,  which  is  pierced  with  three  circular- 
headed  windows  on  each  side  in  the  Italian  style,  is  terminated  by  an  ornamented  parapet, 
surmounted  at  each  angle  by  a  vase.  The  whole  is  of  light-coloured  brick,  with  stone 
dressings.  It  contains  a  fine  set  of  eight  bells,  cast  by  Mears,  of  Whitechapel,  in  1841. 
The  interior,  almost  a  square,  was  repaii'cd  and  redecorated  in  1828.  Its  galleries  arc 
spacious,  and  on  the  front  panelling  of  those  to  the  south  and  west  are  numerous  inscrip- 
tions in  gilt  letters,  recording  the  charitable  benefactions  made  to  the  poor.  The  ceiliug 
over  the  nave  is  waggon-shaped,  but  that  over  the  aisles  is  flat. 

Among  the  old  monuments  replaced  after  the  enlargement  of  the  church  are  the 
following  : — ■ 

Against  the  east  wall,  south  of  the  chancel,  is  the  mural  monument  of  Mr.  Alderman 
Smith,  a  native  of  Wandsworth,  whose  memory  will  ever  be  revered  on  account  of  his 
extensive  and  useful  charities.  It  is  architecturally  designed,  and  exhibits  within 
an  arched  recess  a  statue  of  the  deceased  in  a  gown  and  ruff,  kneeling  devotionally  at  a 

*  Stow  lias  recorded  the  fate  of  Griffith  Clarke,  Vicar  of  Wandsworth,  who  (together  with  his  chaplain,  his 
servant,  and  Friar  Waire)  was  hanged  and  quartered  at  St.  Thomas  Waterings  in  1539.  The  chronicler  professes 
himself  ignorant  of  the  cause  of  their  execution,  but  Lysous  says  that  they  probably  suffered  for  denying  the  King's 
supremacy.     ("  Emdrons,"  &c.  vol.  i.  p.  510.) 


2,6  HISTORY  OF  SURREF. 

desk,  and  holding  a  skull.  At  the  sides  are  Ionic  columns  supporting  an  entablature 
surmounted  by  a  shield  of  arms,  and  two  small  figures  bearing  emblems  of  mortality.  On 
a  tablet  beneath  the  plinth  is  this  inscription  : — 

Here  lyeth  the  tody  of  Henry  Smith,  Esquire,  sometime  Citizen  and  Alderman  of  London,  who  departed  tliis 
life  the  3d  day  of  January,  anno  Dni  1627,  being  neere  the  age  of  79  years,  whome  while  he  lived  gave  unto  the 
several  Townes  in  Surrey  following,  one  thousand  pounds  apiece  to  buy  lands  for  perpetuity  for  ye  relief  and 
setting  the  poor  people  a-worke  in  the  said  Towns,  viz.  to  the  Towne  of  Croydon  one  thousand  pounds  ;  to  the 
Towne  of  Kingston  one  thousand  pounds  ;  to  the  Towne  of  Guildford  one  thousand  pounds  ;  to  the  Towne  of 
Dorking  one  thousand  pounds  ;  to  the  Towne  of  Farnham  one  thousand  pounds ;  and  by  his  last  Will  and 
Testament  did  further  give  and  devise,  to  buy  lands  for  perpetuity  for  the  reliefe  and  setting  their  poore  a-worke 
unto  the  To\viie  of  Kygate  one  thousand  pounds  ;  unto  the  Towne  of  Richmond  one  especialtye  or  debt  of  a 
thousand  pounds  ;  and  unto  the  Towne  of  Wandsworth,  wherein  he  was  borne,  the  sum  of  500  pounds,  for  the 
same  uses  as  before  ;  and  did  further  wiU  and  bequeath  one  thousand  pounds  to  buy  lands  for  perpetuity  to 
redeeme  poore  captives  and  prisoners  from  the  Turkish  tyranie.  And  not  here  stinting  his  charity  and  bounty 
did  also  give  and  bequeath  the  most  part  of  his  estate,  being  to  a  great  value,  for  the  purchasing  lands  of 
inheritance  for  ever  for  the  releife  of  the  poore  and  setting  them  a-worke.  A  pattern  worthy  the  imitation  of 
those  whom  God  hath  blessed  with  the  abundance  of  the  goods  of  this  life  to  follow  him  herein. 

Besides  the  above,  the  following  lines,  inscribed  on  brass,  are  on  a  gravestone  in  the 
upper  part  of  the  nave  : — 

Mole  sub  hac  quaeris  quis  conditur,  optime  lector, 

Cuius  et  qualis,  quantus  in  orbe  fuit  ? 
A  dextris  muri,  statuam  tu  cemere  possis 

Oranti  similem,  marmore  de  Pario  ; 
Subter  quani  statuam  cernatur  tabula  sculpts 

Arvratis  verbis  qufe  tibi  cuncta  notant. 


Depositum  Henr'  Siiith  Senatoris  Londineusis. 

Another  mural  monument  displays  a  small  kneeling  figure  of  Mrs.  Susanna  Powel,  a 
benefactress  to  this  parish.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Thomas  Hayward,  Yeoman  of  the 
Guard  to  Henry  VIII.,  Edward  YI.,  Mary,  and  Elizabeth,  and  died  in  1630. 

On  another  monument,  north  of  the  chancel,  are  white  marble  busts  of  Sir  Thomas 
Brodrick,  and  Katherine  his  relict,  with  inscriptions  in  Latin:  the  former  died  in  1641, 
and  the  latter  in  1678.*  Among  the  modern  tablets  is  one  in  memory  of  the  Eev. 
Eobert  Holt  Butcher,  LL.B.,  and  others  of  his  family  :  he  died  in  1822,  having  been 
forty-four  years  minister  of  this  parish.  On  a  grave-slab  near  the  pulpit  is  an  ancient 
brass  of  a  knight  in  armour,  but  much  defaced  :  the  date  is  1420,  temp.  Henry  V.,  but 
the  name  has  long  been  broken  off  and  lost. 

The  adjoining   churchyard  is   small;    but  there  are  two  others,  the  earlier  on  the 

*  Sir-  Alan  Brodrick,  Knt.,  Surveyor  General  of  Ireland,  ob.  Nov.  25,  1680,  a  benefactor  to  this  parish ;  Alan 
Brodrick,  first  Viscount  Midleton,  ob.  1747  ;  George  Brodrick,  second  viscount ;  and  several  others  of  the  family,  are 
buried  in  vaults  in  this  church. 


WANDSWORTH. 


217 


East  Hill,  and  the  other,  consecrated  in  1808  in  Garrett  Lane:  these  contain  many  tombs 
and  other  sepulchral  memorials. 

St.  Anne's,  on  St.  Anne's  Hill,  now  a  district  chm-ch,  Avas  erected  from  the  designs 
of  Mr.  (afterwards  Sir)  Eobert  Smii-ke,  and  completed  in  1822,  but  it  was  not  consecrated 
until  1824:  the  contract  for  its  erection  was  £14,6U(),  which  was  defrayed  by  the  Com- 
missioners for  building  new  churches.  The  ground-plan  is  nearly  a  parallelogram  (of 
about  100  feet  by  70  feet),  with  a  hexastyle  portico  and  pediment  of  the  Ionic  order, 
annexed  to  the  west  end,  and  an  embowed  recess,  with  vestries,  at  the  east  end.  The  body 
of  the  church  is  constructed  of  brick,  with  stone  di-essings ;  the  portico,  &c.,  is  of  stone. 
From  the  central  part  of  the  roof,  behind  the  portico,  rises  a  cylindi-ical  steeple  of  two 
stories  :  the  lower  story  is  surrounded  by  eight  anta3,  sustaining  an  entablature  and 
cornice,  and  the  upper  storj^  (which  has  a  circular  stylobate,  pierced  with  four  apertures 
for  dials)  with  engaged  columns  :  the  whole  is  surmounted  by  a  hemispherical  dome 
and  gilt  cross.  The  interior  is  divided  into  nave  and  aisles  by  six  square  piers  ou 
each  side,  with  moulded  caps,  and  these,  together  with  intervening  pedestals,  support  a 
colonnade  of  slender  Doric  columns,  on  which  rests  a  horizontal  ceiling.  Here  are  largo 
side  galleries  and  a  spacious  western  gallery,  occupying  two  of  the  intercolumniations. 
The  number  of  sittings  is  about  1,800,  of  which  the  greater  portion  arc  free.  The 
other  churches  in  Wandsworth  are  St.  Mart's  Summer's  Town  ;  St.  Paul's,  on  St. 
John's  Hill ;  and  Holy  Trinity,  near  the  outskirts  of  "Wimbledon  Park.  Another  place  of 
worship  here  is  the  Eoman  Catholic  chapel  of  St.  Thomas  of  Canterbury,  opened  in  1847. 
There  are  also  many  places  of  worship  for  Dissenters. 

Wandsworth  is  an  extensive  village,  and,  from  its  population,  shops,  and  manu- 
factories, has  the  air  and  bustle  of  a  market  town.  Here  are  a  police  court  and 
station ;  a  county  coiu-t ;  and  a  Union  workhouse  for  the  Wandsworth,  Battersea, 
Putney,  Streatham,  and  Clapham  districts,  on  the  East  Hill.  The  County  Prison 
for  SiuTcy,  on  Wandsworth  Common,  was  built  in  1851,  and  covers  a  large  extent 
of  ground.  The  various  buildings  are  principally  of  brick,  and  the  ju-ison  possesses 
all  the  latest  appliances  for  preserving  order  and  discipline  amongst  the  inmates. 
In  the  High  Street  is  a  small  bridge  crossing  the  Wandle,  which,  from  a  muiute  in 
the  churchwardens'  accounts  quoted  bj-  Lysons,  appears  to  have  been  originally  built 
at  the  expense  of  Queen  Elizabeth  in  1G02:  it  was  rebuilt  with  thi-ee  arches  in 
1820.  Aubrey,  writing  about  1673,  says,  "Hero  is  a  bridge  call'd  the  Sink  of  ihc 
Country.''^* 

*  "  Surrey,"  vol.  i.  p.  14. 
VOL.   III.  p  F 


2i8  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

The  same  writer  mentions  at  Waudswortli  a  manufacture  "  of  Brass  plates  for  kettles, 
skellets,  frying-pans,  &c.,  by  Dutch  Men,  who  keep  it  a  Mystery."  The  houses  wherein 
this  was  established  long  bore  the  name  of  the  "  Frying-pan  houses."  Additional  manufac- 
tures, as  hatting,  dyeing,  &c.,  were  introduced  by  a  colony  of  French  refugees,  whom  the 
persecutions  consequent  upon  the  revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes  by  Louis  XIV.  had 
driven  from  their  native  country.  For  the  pui'poses  of  their  own  worship  they  enlarged  a 
chapel  (standing  somewhat  back  from  the  High  Street)  erected  by  the  Puritans  in  the 
reign  of  Elizabeth,  and  their  descendants  continued  to  occupy  it  imtil  the  end  of  the  last 
century,  the  service  being  performed  in  French.  The  chapel,  a  low  and  plain  building,  has 
been  repaired  and  altered,  and  is  now  used  by  a  congregation  of  Independents. 

Between  Wandsworth  and  Tooting  is  the  hamlet  of  Gareett,*  which,  from  the  records 
of  the  manor  of  Dunsfold,  appears  to  have  consisted,  in  the  early  part  of  Queen  Elizabeth's 
reign,  of  a  single  house  called  "The  Garrett:  "  this  was  sold  by  Wm.  Cecil,  afterwards 
Lord  Burghley,  to  John  Swift,  in  15G4.  It  was  afterwards  the  mansion  of  the  Brodricks, 
biit  was  pulled  down  about  a  century  ago,  and  the  grounds  pertaining  to  it  were  subse- 
quently let  to  a  market  gardener.  When  Lysous  wrote  there  were  about  fifty  houses  in  this 
hamlet ;  but  the  buildings  in  Garrett  Lane  and  its  neighbourhood  being  greatly  augmented, 
and  ViiQ  population  so  much  increased  that  a  new  church  became  necessary  for  their 
accommodation,  this  was  supplied  by  the  munificence  of  Mr.  Joshua  Stauger.  Tliis  edifice 
was  dedicated  to  St.  Mary,  and  opened  for  divine  worship  in  1838.  It  is  built  in  the 
lancet  style  of  architecture,  with  a  square  tower,  surmounted  by  a  small  octagonal  spii'c 
at  the  west  end.     It  is  called  St.  Mary's  Summer's  Town. 

In  this  parish  are  two  ISTational  Schools,  British  and  Commercial  Schools,  two  Infant 
Schools,  and  also  Industrial  and  Board  Schools. 

The  resident  gentry  of  Wandsworth  are  chiefly  located  on  the  East  and  West  Hills, 
and  on  the  skirts  of  the  common.  Among  the  chief  mansions  on  the  Kingston  road  is 
Melrose  Hall,  now  the  Eoyal  Hospital  for  Incurables.  This  institution  was  founded  in 
1854  at  Carshalton;  it  was  afterwards  removed  to  Putney,  whence,  in  1863,  it  was  again 
removed  to  the  present  building,  which  has  been  enlarged  to  meet  the  requirements  of  the 
Hospital :  it  holds  200  patients,  and  is  supported  entirely  by  voluntary  contributions. 
On  West  Hill  is  a  fine  mansion  erected  by  Lady  Eivers,  and  afterwards  purchased  by 

*  This  hamlet  was  formerly  notorious  for  its  mock  election  of  a  Mayor  upon  the  meeting  of  every  new  Parliament. 
The  candidates  were  generally  half-idiotic  and  deformed  persons,  who  were  urged  forward  and  furnished  with  gaudy 
clotliing  and  gay  equipages  hy  the  publicans,  v/ho,  as  Lysons  remarks,  "  made  a  good  harvest  of  the  day's  frolic."  This 
once-popular  scene  of  confusion  and  riot  gave  origin  to  Foote's  amusing  farce  entitled  Tlw  Mayor  of  Garrett  The  last 
Garrett  election  was  in  1796.  Its  most  celebrated  members  (mock  knights  as  well  as  mayors)  were  Sir  Jeoflfrey 
Dunstan,  a  hawker  of  old  wigs,  and  Sir  Harry  Dimsdale,  a  muffin  crier,  of  both  of  whom  portraits  are  extant. 


WAA'DSUVJiy//.  119 

John  Authony  Eucker,  Esq.,  a  Ilamliurg  and  llussia  mcrclianl,  M^hosc  doscondants  still 
hold  the  estate. 

On  the  top  of  East  Hill  stands  St.  Peter's  IIosniAL  (the  ahnsliouscs  of  the  Tish- 
mongers'  Company),  removed  hither  from  Newington  Butts.  The  edifice,  which  was 
completed  in  1851,  occupies  three  sides  of  a  quadrangle,  with  a  chapel  in  the  centre,  and 
provides  a  home  for  42  poor  members  of  the  company  and  their  Avives.  The  principal 
entrance  to  the  Hospital  is  by  massive  gilded  gates,  on  which  is  the  motto,  "  All  Morship 
be  to  God  only." 

In  Spanish  Eoad,  near  the  Fishmongers'  Almshouses,  is  the  Feiendless  Boys'  Home. 
This  is  a  valuable  refuge  for  boys  from  ten  to  sixteen  years  of  age,  "who  have  either 
lost  their  characters,  or  are  in  danger  of  doing  so."  The  average  number  of  boys  in  the 
Home  is  about  200.  This  institution  was  founded  in  1852.  An  establishment  similar  to 
the  above  is  the  Surrey  Industrial  School  for  homeless  and  destitute  boys  not  convicted 
of  crime,  situated  at  Bridge  House,  on  the  north  side  of  the  High  Street. 

An  iron  railway,  extending  from  the  Thames  at  Wandsworth  to  Croydon,  was 
constructed  in  pursuance  of  an  Act  of  Parliament  obtained  in  1800,  by  -which  the 
subscribers  were  authorised  to  raise  £30,000  for  the  pm-posc,  in  shares  of  £100 
each.  Its  utilitj^  in  conveying  the  manufactures  of  the  intermediate  places  to  the 
river  was  soon  apparent,  and  under  another  Act  the  railway  was  continued  to  Merstham 
in  1805,  with  equally  beneficial  results. 

Wandsworth  Beidge,  which  spans  the  Thames,  and  connects  the  York  Eoad  with 
King's  Eoad,  Fulham,  was  built  in  1873  from  the  designs  of  Mr.  J.  H.  Tolme.  It  is 
made  of  iron,  and  consists  of  five  spans,  borne  on  massive  coupled  wrought-iron  cylinders  : 
the  three  central- stream  spans  arc  each  133  feet  broad. 

The  Surrey  Lunatic  Asylum. — This  establishment  occupies  about  90  acres  of  land 
at  the  south-west  corner  of  Wandsworth  Common,  purchased  by  the  county  magistrates 
in  1839.  The  architect  was  Mr.  William  Moseley.  The  buildings,  in  the  latest  style  of 
Tudor  architecture,  and  standing  on  a  gently  rising  ground,  were  erected  at  a  cost  of  about 
£63,000.  They  are  constructed  of  red  brick,  with  stone  dressings  and  rusticated  quoins, 
window  frames,  string-courses,  &c.  ;  the  brickwork  itself  is  diversified  by  the  insertion 
of  various  devices  and  interlacings  in  black  brick. 

The  entire  pile  is  composed  of  three  principal  masses,  variously  subdivided,  and  consist- 
ing of  a  centre  with  advanced  Aviugs,  and  having  a  western  aspect.  The  middle  portion 
of  the  central  part,  which  is  OS  feet  in  width,  and  more  lofty  than  its  lateral  adjuncts,  pro- 
jects about  40  feet :   it  has  three  breaks,  or  divisions,  each  being  surmounted  by  a  fiiiialed 

F   F   2 


220  HISTORY  OF  SURREF. 

gable.  On  the  first  floor  is  the  chapel,  with  an  open  timber  roof,  and  a  large  window 
at  each  end,  north  and  south.  The  advanced  wings  have,  at  each  angle,  a  pavilion, 
carried  up  a  story  higher  than  the  intervening  parts,  and  ornamented  with  gables,  &c. 
Almost  every  portion  of  the  asylum  is  fire-proof;  the  wards  and  cells  for  the  patients 
are  completely  so,  there  being  no  woodwork  of  any  kind,  except  the  doors,  used  in  the 
construction.  It  will  hold  about  950  inmates.  The  northern  side  is  allotted  to  the  male, 
and  the  southern  to  the  female  patients.  Every  part  is  well  ventilated,  and  on  each  side 
are  three  separate  courts  for  air  and  exercise. 

The  EoYAL  YiCTOEiA  Pateiotic  Asylum  for  girls  and  boys  was  founded  and  endowed 
by  the  Commissioners  of  the  Eoyal  Patriotic  Fund,  instituted  in  1854  for  the  purpose  of 
"giving  assistance  to  the  widows  and  orphans  of  those  who  fell  during  the  Crimean  and 
more  recent  wars,  and  to  provide  schools  for  their  children."  Her  Majesty  laid  the  first 
stone  of  the  Asylum  for  Girls  in  1857  :  \h%  Asylum  for  Boys  is  situated  on  East  Hill. 

Mulberry  Cottage,  on  Wandsworth  Common,  was  once  the  residence  of  the  well- 
known  antiquary,  Francis  Grose,  Esq. 

Clapham  Junction  Station,  at  the  north-eastern  extremity  of  the  common,  is  one  of 
the  most  important  junctions  in  the  vicinity  of  London.  The  number  of  trains  which  call 
at  this  station  per  day  on  the  several  lines  is  8G3  ;  those  which  pass  through  without 
stopping,  138;  and  it  is  calculated  that  on  an  average  about  25,000  passengers  enter  or 
pass  the  junction  every  twenty-four  hours.* 


WIMBLEDON. 

This  parish  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Putney  and  Eoehampton,  on  the  cast  by 
Wandsworth,  on  the  south  by  Merton  and  Cheam,  and  on  the  west  by  Kingston.  The 
soil  varies  much,  consisting  in  some  places  of  gravel,  in  others  of  clay,  black  sand,  or 
loam,  with  a  subsoil  of  clay  or  gravel ;  in  the  meadows  it  is  a  black  moorland  earth. 
The  ground  is  frequently  marshy,  springs  occurring  near  the  surface  ;  yet  when  an  artesian 
well  was  dug  at  Wimbledon  Park,  the  late  seat  of  Earl  Spencer,  in  1798,  the  excavators, 
having  shut  out  the  land  springs,  penetrated  to  the  depth  of  563  feet  before  water  was 
found,  but  it  then  rose  in  great  abundance.f  Wimbledon  is  thought  to  have  derived  its 
name  from  some  Saxon  proprietor  named  Wymhald,  and  dun,  or  dune,  a  hill  in  the  Saxon 
language,   possibly  by  adoption   from  the  British:    hence  the   appellations    Wymhaldon 

*  See  "  Old  and  New  London,"  vol.  vi.  p.  483. 

t  Manning,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  iii.  p.  272.  Lysons  states  that  on  the  common,  near  the  village,  "  is  a  well,  the  water  of 
which  is  never  known  to  freeze  in  the  mo.st  severe  winter." — Environs,  vol.  i.  p.  520. 


WIMBLEDOX.  22, 

and  Wijmhehhn,  by  which  this  place  is  distinguished  in  okl  records.  In  the  Registers 
of  Archbishoj)  Eoynolds  (1313 — 1327),  preserved  at  Lambeth,  it  is  styled  Wimbledon. 

At  the  time  of  the  Doomsday  survey  Wimbledon  was  included  in  a  very  extensive 
manor  of  Mortlake  belonging  to  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  and  in  all  the  more  ancient 
documents  it  is  described  as  a  grange,  or  farm,  in  that  manor. 

In  the  Testa  de  Neviil  it  is  stated  that  Eobert  de  Wymbeldon  held  one-third  of 
a  knight's  fee  in  Wymbeldon,  imder  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  in  the  time  of 
Ileniy  III.  or  Edward  I.  On  an  inquisition  taken  in  1398,  on  an  alleged  forfeiture  of 
Archbishop  Arundel,  attainted  of  treason  against  Eichard  II.,  the  manor  of  Wimbledon  is 
mentioned  as  pertaining  to  that  of  Croydon,  which  also  belonged  to  the  see  of  Canterbury. 
In  the  following  year  Arundel  returned  from  his  exile  in  Franco  with  Henry  of  Boling- 
broke  (afterwards  Henry  IV.),  and  was  restored  to  his  see  and  its  possessions,  including 
*|,the  manor  of  Mortlake,  or  Wimbledon,  as  it  has  since  continued  to  be  denominated.  His 
•  successors  held  it  till  exchanged  by  Archbishop  Cranmer  with  Henry  VIII.  for  other  lands, 
and  shortly  after  it  was  granted  to  Cromwell,  Earl  of  Essex,  on  whose  attainder  in  1540 
his  estates  escheated  to  the  Crown.  Wimbledon  was  next  settled  for  life  on  Queen 
Catherine  Parr,  after  whose  decease  in  1548  Queen  Mary  bestowed  it  on  Cardinal  Pole,  who 
dying  in  1558,  the  Crown  resumed  its  possession.  Queen  Elizabeth  gave  this  estate  to  Sir 
Christopher  Hatton,  who  sold  the  manor-house  to  Sir  Thomas  Cecil,  eldest  son  of  Lord 
Burghley,  and  the  manorial  estate  (though  by  what  means  it  had  again  come  into  her 
hands  does  not  appear)  was  conveyed  to  Sii'  Thomas  by  the  Queen  in  exchange  for  the 
manors  of  Langton  and  Wiberton,  in  Lincolnshire.  He  rebuilt  the  manor-house  in  a  most 
magnificent  style  about  1588,  and  having  succeeded  to  his  father's  title  in  1598,  he 
entertained  his  royal  mistress  during  three  days  of  the  following  year  at  his  new  house  in 
Wimbledon,  after  which  she  removed  to  Nonsuch.*  In  1605  this  nobleman  was  created 
Earl  of  Exeter,  and  at  his  death  in  1622  he  left  this  estate  to  his  third  son,  Sir  Edward 
Cecil,  raised  to  the  peerage  by  Charles  I.,  by  the  titles  of  13aron  of  Putney  and  Viscount 
Wimbledon.  He  died  at  Wimbledon  in  1638,  and  his  daughters  and  coheii-esses  sold  the 
manor  to  the  Earl  of  Holland  and  others,  who  acted  as  trustees  for  the  Queen  Henrietta 
Maria.  While  it  belonged  to  the  Queen  she  and  her  royal  consort  sometimes  resided  at 
this  place,  and  the  mansion  is  mentioned  among  the  possessions  of  the  Crown  in  an 
inA'entory  of  the  jewels  and  pictm-es  of  Charles  I.  referred  to  by  Walpole.  After  the 
suppression  of  the  monarchy,  the  Crown  lands  being  set  to  sale  by  the  Parliament,  this 

+  "  Progresses,"  Queen  Elizabeth,  vol.  ii.  In  the  churchwardens'  accounts  at  Kingston  is  this  entry,  1599  ; — "  Paid 
for  mending  the  ■n'aj'es  when  tlie  Queen  went  from  Wimbledon  to  Nonsuch,  20d." 


22  2  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

estate,  valued  at  £386  19s.  8d.  a  year,  was  purchased  by  Adam  Baynes,  of  Knowstrop, 
iu  the  county  of  York,  at  eighteen  years'  purchase.  It  was  afterwards  sokl  to  the 
Parliamentary  general,  John  Lambert,  who,  as  appears  from  the  Coui't  Eolls,  was  lord  of 
the  manor  in  1656.* 

On  the  restoration  of  Charles  II.  the  Queen-mother  recovered  her  estates  ;  and  in  1661 
she  sold  Wimbledon  to  George  Digby,  Earl  of  Bristol,  who,  dying  in  1676,  devised  it  to 
his  widow,  from  whom  it  was  purchased  by  Thomas  Osborne,  Earl  of  Danby,  the  Lord 
Treasurer,  afterwards  Marquis  of  Carmarthen  and  Duke  of  Leeds.  He  died  in  1712,  and 
the  trustees  under  his  will,  authorised  by  a  decree  of  Chancery,  sold  the  manor  in  1717  to 
Sir  Theodore  Janssen,  Bart.,  a  director  of  the  South  Sea  Company.  Shortly  afterwards  he 
began  to  pull  down  the  mansion  of  the  Cecils,  intending  to  replace  it  by  a  new  one ;  but, 
before  that  could  be  finished,  his  estates  were  seized  and  sold,  with  those  of  other  directors, 
for  the  benefit  of  the  many  persons  ruined  by  the  nefarious  speculations  connected  with 
the  management  of  the  above  company.  Wimbledon  was  then  purchased  for  £15,000  by 
the  celebrated  Sarah,  Duchess  of  Marlborough,  by  whom,  at  her  decease  in  1744,  it  was 
devised,  with  Chilworth  and  other  estates,  to  John  Spencer,  M.P.  for  Woodstock,  youngest 
son  of  Charles,  Earl  of  Sunderland,  by  her  Grace's  second  daughter.  Lady  Anne  Churchill. 
He  died  in  1746,  when  this  property  devolved  on  John,  his  only  son,  created  Baron  and 
Viscount  Spencer  in  1701,  and  Earl  Spencer  and  Yiscount  Althorp  in  1765;  and  from 
him  it  has  descended  to  John  Poyntz,  fifth  and  present  Earl  Spencer. 

The  mansion  of  the  Cecils,  in  Wimbledon  Park,  was  of  a  very  sumptuous  character, 
consisting  of  a  centre,  with  spacious  wings  extending  at  right  angles,  and  having  square 
pavilions  at  the  inner  corners  surmounted  by  high  turrets,  each  pj^amidically  roofed,  and 
terminated  "by  two  faier  gilded  wether-cocks,  perspicuous  to  the  countrie  round 
about."  t  Puller  calls  it  "a  daring  structure,"  and  remarks  that  " by  some  it  has  been 
thought  to  equal  if  not  to  exceed  Nonsuch."  An  avenue  of  elms  and  other  trees,  231 
perches  in  length,  led  from  Putney  Heath,  through  the  park,  to  the  house.  The  latter 
stood  upon  the  brow  of  the  hill,  and  had  two  courts  on  the  ascent  in  front,  the  uppermost 
rising  about  12  or  14  feet  above  the  other. 

*  It  is  stated  by  Roger  Coke,  iu  his  "  Detection  of  the  Com-t  and  State,"  that  Lambert,  after  he  had  been  "  discarded 
by  Cromwell,  betook  himself  to  Wimbledon-house,  where  he  turned  florist,  and  had  the  finest  tulips  and  gilliflowers  that 
could  be  got  for  love  or  money  ;  yet  in  these  outward  pleasures  he  nourished  the  ambition  which  he  entertained  before  he 
was  cashiered  by  Cromwell."  He  also  amused  himself  with  painting  flowers,  in  which  art  he  attained  considerable  skill : 
according  to  Walpole,  some  specimens  of  his  pictorial  ability  were  for  many  years  preserved  at  Wimbledon. 

t  In  the  tenth  volume  of  the  Archccologia  is  a  minute  account  of  the  house  and  premises,  copied  from  the  original 
survey  made  by  order  of  Parliament  in  1049,  and  preserved  in  the  Augmentation  Office  :  there  are  also  prints 
extant,  though  extremely  scarce,  both  of  the  principal  front  and  the  garden  front,  which  have  been  copied  for  Lysons's 
"  Environs." 


WIMBLEDOX.  J23 

111  a  survey  made  by  order  of  rarliameut  in  1(J4'J  the  house  is  described  to  be  of 
"  excellent  good  brick,"  and  "the  angles,  wiudow-staunchions,  and  jainbs,  are  all  of  ashler 
stone."  It  comprised  a  basement  and  two  upper  stories,  with  numerous  apartments 
singularly  and  curiously  ornamented.*  The  surveyors  valued  the  house  at  £150  per 
annum,  and  reported  the  materials  to  be  worth  £2,840  7s.  lid. 

Wlien  the  Duchess  of  Marlborough  became  its  owner  she  pulled  down  the  unfiiiisliod 
house  which  Sii*  Theodore  Janssen  had  raised  (and  on  which  £4,000  had  been  expended), 
and  built  a  new  mansion  upon  the  north  side  of  the  eminence  on  AvhicL.  the  present  house 
stands ;  but  not  liking  its  aspect,  she  caused  it  to  be  taken  down,  aud  had  another  built  in 
a  ftir  preferable  situation  on  tlie  south  side.f  That  building  was  entirely  destroyed  by  an 
accidental  fire  on  Easter  Monday,  1785,  after  which  some  of  the  offices  were  fitted  up  for 
the  occasional  residence  of  Earl  Spencer's  familj'.  The  present  house,  completed  in  ISOl, 
from  designs  by  Holland,  has  no  particular  characteristics  requiring  notice.  Its  situation  is 
remarkably  fine :  on  the  south  it  commands  extensive  prospects  over  Surrey  and  Kent, 
and  on  the  north  the  home  scenery  of  the  park,  which  was  planted  and  laid  out  with 
much  taste  by  "  Capability  "  Browne,  affords  some  beautiful  views.  This  mansion,  with 
its  surrounding  grounds,  was  long  occupied  bj-  the  Spencers,  the  Duke  of  Somerset,  &c. 
In  1838  her  Majesty  Queen  Victoria  Avas  entertained  at  Wimbledou  Park  Ilouse  by  the 

*  Many  of  these  apartments  are  particularly  descrilieil  in  the  survey,  from  which  a  few  extracts  are  subjoined.  On 
the  ground  floor  was  a  room  called  the  Blone,  Gallery :  this  was  108  feet  long,  and  "  pillared  and  arched  with  gray  marble, 
waynscotted  with  oake,  varnished  with  greene,  and  spotted  with  starrs  of  gold."  In  the  midst  was  "  a  grotto  WTOught  in 
the  arch  and  sides  thereof  with  sundry  sorts  of  shells  of  great  lustre  and  ornament,  formed  into  the  shapes  of  men,  lyons, 
serpents,  antick  formc:?,  and  other  rare  devices  ;  ■''  also  "  fortie  sights  of  seeing-glass  sett  together  in  one  frame,  much 
adorning  and  setting  forth  the  splendour  of  the  roome."  Both  the  hall,  in  which  was  "  a  table  of  one  intire  piece  of 
wood  21  feet  long,  and  6  inches  thick,  and  a  fayer  and  riche  payer  of  organs,"  and  the  chapel  were  paved  with  black  and 
white  marble,  aud  "  painted  with  landskips."  On  the  first  floor  were  the  King's  Chamber  and  the  Queen's  Chamber  ;  and 
another  stone  gallery  62  feet  long,  having  "  many  compendious  sentences"  upon  the  walls.  The  Great  Gallery  on  the 
second  floor  was  109  feet  8  inches  long,  and  21  feet  broad  :  this  was  "  floored  with  cedar-boards,  casting  a  pleasant  smell, 
—and  in  the  middle  thereof  a  very  faire  and  large  chimney-piece  of  black  and  white  marble  ingraved  with  coates  of 
armes  and  adorned  with  several  curious  and  well-guilded  statues  of  alabaster."  The  Summer  Chamber,  45  feet  long  and 
20  feet  broad,  was  also  floored  with  cedar,  and  "  seeled  with  fret-work,  in  the  midst  of  which  was  a  picture  of  good  work- 
manship representing  a  flying  angel."  At  each  end  of  the  house  was  a  staircase  20  feet  square,  the  westernmost 
containing  eighty-two  steps.  "  These  staires  were  adorned  -with  one  large  pictiire  of  Henry  TV.,  of  France,  in  amies,  on 
Horseback,  set  in  a  large  frame,  placed  at  the  head  thereof,  and  with  land.?kipps  of  battayles,  anticks,  heaven  aud  hell,  and 
other  curious  works  ;  and  under  the  staires  a  little  compleate  room  called  the  Den  of  Lyons,  painted  round  with  lyons 
and  leopards."  In  the  Orangc-rie  were  forty-two  orange-trees  in  boxes  valued  at  £10  each  ;  a  lemon-tree,  "bearing  greate 
and  very  large  lemmons,"  valued  at  £20  ;  a  "  pome-citron  tree,"  valued  at  £\Q  ;  sbc  "  pome-granet  trees,"  at  £'i  each  ; 
and  "eighteen  young  orange  trees,"  at  £a  each.  In  the  several  gardens,  which  were  laid  out  in  knots,  mazes,  wilder- 
nesses, &c.,  was  a  great  variety  of  fruit  trees,  among  which  was  every  sort  now  cultivated,  except  the  nectarine. 

+  The  designs  for  both  houses  were  made  by  the  Earl  of  Burlington,  the  most  successful  architectural  amateur  of  his 
time.  Views  of  the  south  and  north  fronts,  and  plans  of  the  offices  aud  prmcipal  floors,  are  given  in  the  lifth  volume  of 
the  "  Vitruvius  Britannicus,"  which  states  that  the  chief  apartments,  and  p.articularly  the  .saloon,  were  ornamented  with 
some  very  capital  pictures,  "  among  which  are  the  stories  of  Apollo  rewarcUng  Merit,  and  Apollo  flaying  Marsya*,  both  by 
Guido,  and  esteemed  capital  pieces  of  that  master." 


2  2^  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

Duke  and  Duchess  of  Somerset.  The  manor  has  remained  in  the  possession  of  Earl 
Spencer's  family  down  to  the  present  time;  but  in  1846  the  mansion  and  surrounding 
park  and  estates  were  sold  to  John  A.  Beaumont,  Esq.,  who  had  a  few  years  previously 
purchased  a  considerable  portion  of  the  estate  on  the  side  nearest  Putney.  The  whole  of 
the  estate  has  since  been  sold  to  a  company  for  building  purposes.  In  its  entire  state  it 
comprised  about  1,200  acres,  of  considerable  diversity  of  surface,  with  a  fine  expanse  of 
water  covering  50  acres.  The  manor-house  is  still  standing,  and  has  been  considerably 
improved  and  beautified  since  it  was  purchased  by  Mr.  Beaumont. 

Advowson,  &c. — Henry  YIII.,  after  the  exchange  with  Archbishop  Cranmer  men- 
tioned before,  granted  the  advowson,  right  of  patronage,  &c.,  of  the  church  and  parsonage 
of  Wymbylton,  and  its  annexed  chapels  in  Surrey,  to  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Worcester, 
to  hold  in  frank-almoign,  but  reserving  a  rent  of  £3  10s.  9^d.  to  the  office  of  first-fruits  and 
tenths ;  and  Edward  VI.,  soon  after  his  accession,  confirmed  this  grant  to  the  Dean  and 
Chapter,  with  license  to  appropriate.  Since  then  the  patronage  has  been  usually  granted 
on  leases  of  three  lives  to  the  lords  of  the  manor,  the  lessees  covenanting,  among  other 
charges,  to  keep  the  chancels  of  Wimbledon,  Putney,  and  Mortlake,  and  the  parsonage- 
house  at  Wimbledon,  in  repair.*  This  living  is  in  the  diocese  of  Eochester,  rural  deanery 
of  Barnes,  and  archdeaconry  of  Southwark,  and  is  valued  at  60  marks  in  the  Yalor  of 
20  Edward  I.  In  the  King's  books  its  value  is  stated  at  £35  2s.  lid.,  paying  6s.  8d. 
for  procurations  and  synodals.  In  the  Kegister  of  biu'ials,  Avhich  commences  in  1593,  is 
the  following  entry  : — 

Francis  Trevor,  aged  103,  was  buried  February  8,  I778.t 

Vicars  of  Wimbledon  in  and  since  1800  : — 

1.— Herbert  Randolph,  B.D.     Instituted  in  1777. 

2. — Henry  Lindsay,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1819. 

3. — Richard  Leonard  Adams,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1846. 

4. — Henry  William  Haygarth,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1859. 

Adjoining  the  main  entrance  to  Wimbledon  Park  House,  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from 
the  village,  is  the  parish  church,  dedicated  to  St.  Mary,  and  which  had  its  origin  in  the 
Saxon  times  ;  but  of  the  church  mentioned  in  the  Doomsday  Book  not  a  vestige  remains. 

*  Manning  and  Bray,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  iii.  p.  272. 

t  Among  the  entries  is  recorded  the  birth,  on  Saturday,  the  IStli  day  of  July,  1616,  "  about  half  an  hour  before 
10  of  the  clocke,"  a.m.,  of  the  Lady  Qeorgi-Anna,  daughter  of  Thomas,  Earl  of  Exeter,  and  the  Lady  Frances,  his  countess. 
She  was  baptized  on  the  30th  of  the  same  month,  "  Queen  Amie  [of  Denmark],  and  the  Earl  of  Worcester,  Lord  Privy 
Seal,  being  witnesses." 


WIMBLEDON.  225 

Except  the  chancel,  supposed  to  be  a  work  of  the  fourteenth  century,  the  present  structun; 
was  entii-ely  rebuilt  in  1833  and  1834,  from  the  designs  of  Messrs.  Scott  and  Moffatt.  Its 
cost  was  about  £6,000,  which  was  defrayed  partly  by  subscription  and  partly  by  loan, 
and  the  chiu-ch  was  reopened  for  divine  worship  in  1834.  It  is  a  handsome  composition 
in  the  perpendicular  style  of  pointed  architectui'e,  consisting  of  nave  and  aisles,  with  a 
weU-proportioned  square  tower  of  four  stories  at  the  west  end,  sm-mounted  by  a  lofty 
spire  and  weather-cock.  The  walls  and  buttresses  are  faced  with  flint  within  stone  dress- 
ings, but  the  window  and  door  frames,  &c.,  are  all  of  the  latter  material.  The  chief 
entrance  is  from  the  tower,  above  which  is  an  elegant  window  ;  and  there  arc  five  similar 
windows  on  either  side  of  the  church,  of  thi-ee  principal  divisions  each,  cinquefoil-headed, 
with  smaller  lights  above.  The  nave  is  separated  from  the  aisles  by  light  piers,  from 
which  spring  five  pointed  arches  on  each  side.  The  fi-amework  of  the  roof  is  of  oak :  the 
rafters  are  supported  by  brackets  resting  upon  corbels.  Spacious  galleries  extend  over 
the  aisles  and  west  end  of  the  nave,  and  above  the  western  gallery  is  an  organ  loft  or 
singing  gallery,  containing  a  fine-toned  organ  by  Walker,  presented  to  the  church  by 
James  Courthorpe  Peach,  Esq.,  of  Belvidere  House,  an  adjacent  seat.  Above  the  arch 
separating  the  nave  from  the  cliancel  are  the  arms  of  Queen  Victoria  in  artificial  stone, 
the  gift  of  Mrs.  Marry  at,  of  Wimbledon  Ilouse.  The  font,  of  stone,  and  octagonal  in 
form,  was  given  by  H.  Bowden,  Esq.  In  1860  the  chancel  was  restored  by  the  Eccle- 
siastical Commissioners. 

In  the  east  window  are  various  shields  of  arms  in  stained  glass,  exhibiting  the  bearings 
of  Sii-  Thomas  Cecil,  afterwards  Earl  of  Exeter ;  of  Thomas,  first  Duke  of  Leeds ;  and  of 
the  Spencer  family.  Lysons  has  delineated  the  figure  of  an  ancient  crusader,  which  was 
in  a  window  on  the  north  side,  completely  armed,  with  a  spear  in  his  right  hand,  and  a 
shield  with  the  cross  of  St.  George  upon  his  left  arm. 

On  the  south  of  the  chancel  is  a  small  chapel  erected  by  Edward,  Viscount  Wimble- 
don, in  the  reign  of  James  L,  as  a  burial-place  for  himself  and  family.  In  the  middle 
space  is  an  altar  tomb,  with  an  inscription  on  the  verge,  and  others  on  each  side,  recording 
the  descent  and  various  offices  of  the  deceased,  both  civil  and  niilitary.  His  armour  is 
arranged  in  detached  portions  round  the  chapel,  and  over  his  tomb  is  a  viscount's  coronet 
suspended  by  a  chain.     He  died  at  Wimbledon  in  1638. 

Under  the  south  gallery  is  a  monument  by  Westmacott,  erected  at  the  expense  of  the 
Fox  Club,  in  memory  of  Mr.  James  Perry,  and  as  a  testimony  of  hia  zeal,  courage,  and 
ability  in  defence  of  public  liberty.  He  was  for  many  years  both  proprietor  and  editor  of 
the  Morning  Chronicle,  and  is  rei^resented  by  a  small  whole-length  figiu'c  in  white  marble, 

VOL.   III.  ,  G   G 


226  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

seated  at  a  table  with  papers  before  liini.  He  was  born  in  1756,  and  died  in  1821,  baying 
long  been  resident  in  this  parish.  Over  the  north  gallery  are  tablets  in  commemoration  of 
the  late  Ji;dge,  Sir  James  Allan  Park,  and  of  Sir  William  Beaumaris  Kiish. 

In  the  churchyard  are  numerous  tombs  and  other  sepulchral  memorials  of  a  superior 
kind  to  those  generally  raised.  One  of  the  most  remarkable  is  a  columbarium  erected  by 
Benjamin  Bond  Hopkins,  Esq.,  formerly  of  Wimbledon  House  and  Pains  Hill,  in 
which  he  himself  lies  interred  with  others  of  his  family.  He  died  in  1794.  Another 
mausoleum,  like  a  pyramid,  encloses  the  remains  of  Gerard  de  Visme,  Esq.,  who  died  in 
1797.  In  front  is  a  sculpture  of  his  arms  and  the  sentence,  *'  Sepulchrvm  hoc  Gerardvs 
de  Yisme  pro  Se  et  Svis  Extrvxit."  The  memory  of  Margaret,  Countess  of  Luean, 
who  died  in  1814,  relict  of  the  first  Earl  of  Lucan,  is  preserved  by  an  Ionic  column 
surmounted  by  an  urn,  and  that  of  the  Lady  George  Quin  by  a  handsome  Grecian  monu- 
ment: she  died  in  1823.  Among  the  other  tombs  is  that  covering  the  vault  of  John 
Hopkins,  Esq.,  of  London,  who  died  in  1732,  This  was  the  person  whom  Pope,  in  his 
"Moral  Essays,"  has  consigned  to  an  unenviable  fame  by  the  epithet  "Yulture" 
Hopkins,  from  his  grasping  practices  in  the  acquirement  of  wealth. 

Christ  Church  was  erected  in  1859,  and  Holy  Trinity  Church  in  1862.  At 
Eidgeway  is  a  proprietary  chapel  dedicated  to  Emmanuel,  and  on  Spencer  Hill  there  is 
a  temporary  church  holding  about  450  worshippers.  There  are  also  several  places  of 
worship  for  Dissenters. 

There  are  in  the  parish  eight  almshouses,  and  the  charities  for  distribution  amount  to 
about  £100  annually.  On  Copse  Hill  is  the  Atkinson  Morley  Convalescent  Hospital. 
It  was  erected  in  1867,  and  is  endowed  from  property  left  by  the  late  Mr.  Atkinson 
Morley  for  the  purpose  of  receiving  and  maintaining  the  convalescent  poor  patients  from 
St.  George's  Hospital,  the  corporation  of  which  institution  has  the  sole  management  and 
control  of  this  Hospital. 

On  the  high  ground  at  the  south-west  of  Wimbledon  Common,  and  about  a  mile  and 
a  half  from  Kingston  Hill,  is  an  ancient  entrenchment  which  the  country-people  call 
the  Pounds,  an  appellation  by  which  it  has  been  known  for  a  long  series  of  years,* 
though  of  late  it  has  been  introduced  into  some  of  oiu'  maps  by  the  name  of  Csesar's 
Camp.  In  Camden's  time  it  was  called  Bensbury,  which  that  writer  supposed  to  be 
derived  from  Cnebha's-hury,  Cnebba  and  Oslac,  two  of  the  principal  generals  of  Ethelbert, 
King  of  Kent,  having  been  slain  in  the  battle  fought  at  Wibandune  (or  Wimbledon) 
between  that  sovereign  and  Ceaulin,  King  of  the  West  Saxons.     Its  area  comprises  about 

*  Vide  Salmon's  "  Antiquities  of  Surrey,"  p.  31,  under  Wimbledon. 


WIMBLEDOy.  227 

7  acres  of  grouud,  and  is  to  a  considerable  extent  overgrown  by  prickly  furze.  It 
is  crossed  by  a  cart  road  leading  towards  Combe  Lane  and  Kingston,  and  on  one  side 
appears  to  have  been  defended  by  outworks.  It  is  not  exactly  circular,  but  inclines  to 
an  oval  form.  The  snrrounding  ditch,  which  is  from  8  or  10  to  about  15  feet  deep,  is 
partially  overshadowed  by  scrubby  oaks. 

The  origin  of  this  encampment  has  been  attributed  to  the  Britons,  the  Eomans, 
the  Saxons,  and  the  Danes :  probably  it  was  originally  a  British  stronghold,  subsequently 
occupied  by  soldiers  of  the  other  nations  in  succession. 

Several  antiquities,  apparently  Eoman,  have  been  found  in  this  vicinity.  Dr.  Eoots, 
of  Surbiton,  was  strongly  of  opinion  that  Csesar  crossed  the  Thames  at  Kingston, 
anciently  Moreford,  or  the  Great  Ford — at  least  with  his  infantry,  and  that  he  occupied 
this  entrenchment  whilst  preparing  for  the  conflict.  He  imagined  the  fierce  struggle 
with  the  troops  of  Cassivelaunus  to  have  taken  place  on  the  Middlesex  banks  of  the 
river  immediately  above  Kingston,  where  many  relics  of  a  warlike  description  have  been 
found  by  the  ballast-heavers,  similar  to  those  discovered  in  this  neighbourhood.  There 
is  an  ancient  track  called  the  Eidgeway,  extending  from  "Wimbledon  in  a  south-west 
direction  along  an  elevated  brow,  and  leading  through  a  wood  into  Combe  Lane. 

"Wimbledon  House. — In  the  last  century  this  estate  belonged  to  Benjamin  Bond 
Hopkins,  the  inheritor  of  the  riches  of  his  maternal  relative,  John  Hopkins,  whose 
burial-place  has  recently  been  noticed.  "Wliilst  in  his  possession  the  grounds  were  laid 
out  and  a  cascade  and  grotto  constructed  under  the  dii'ection  of  the  celebrated  Bushell, 
by  whom  the  more  elaborate  grottoes  on  Pains  Hill  and  Oatlands  were  designed.  Sub- 
sequentty,  and  on  his  own  removal  to  Pains  Hill,  Mr.  Bond  sold  the  estate  to  Mens,  do 
Calonne,  Comptroller  General  of  the  French  Finances  before  the  Eevolution  in  1789  ;  and 
that  gentleman,  about  1791,  resold  this  property  to  Earl  Gower  for  .£15,000.  The  Prince 
de  Conde  was  afterwards  an  occupant  of  it ;  but  eventually  this  estate  was  purchased  by 
Joseph  Marryat,  Esq.,  M.P.,  a  West  India  merchant,  who  died  suddenly  in  1824. 
The  late  celebrated  novelist,  Capt.  Marryat,  was  Mr.  Marryat's  son.  "Wimbledon  House  is 
now  the  seat  of  Sir  Henry  "W.  Peek,  Bart.,  M.P. 

Douglas,  in  his  "  Na3nia  Britannica,"  speaks  of  a  group  of  ancient  barrows  formerly 
to  be  seen  on  "Wimbledon  Common.  They  were  "  about  twenty-three  in  number,  situated 
on  the  left  side  of  the  high-road  from  London  to  Kingston,  at  a  small  distance  from 
Mr.  Hartley's  Fire-house,  but  on  the  other  side  of  the  road."  Most  of  the  lai'gest  (none 
of  which  exceeded  28  feet  in  diameter)  were  said  to  have  been  opened  by  a  person  from 
London,  supposed  to  have  been  Dr.  Stukcley,  about  twenty- eight  years  before  Mr.  Douglas 

G   G    2 


228  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

opened  the  remainder,  wHcli  appears  to  have  been  in  1786.  His  researches  were  little 
successful,  the  only  relic  which  he  found  being  "a  small  vessel  of  dark-brown  greyish 
earth,  3  inches  in  height,  and  3  inches  in  diameter."  He  also  mentions  "  a  very  large 
barrow  of  the  more  ancient  class,"  as  remaining  at  about  5  furlongs  from  the  group.* 
All  of  them  were  afterwards  remorselessly  swept  away  to  mend  the  roads. 

In  May,  1789,  a  hostile  meeting  took  place  on  Wimbledon  Common  between  his  Eoyal 
Highness  the  Duke  of  York  and  Lieut.-Col.  Lennox.  The  Duke  received  the  colonel's 
fire,  which  grazed  his  hair  ;  but,  as  he  declined  to  fire  in  return,  the  proceedings  terminated. 
In  May,  1807,  a  duel  was  fought  here  by  Sir  Francis  Burdett  and  John  Paull,  Esq.,  in 
which  both  parties  were  wounded,  though  not  dangerously.  In  September,  1810, 
Mr.  George  Payne,  a  person  of  considerable  fortune,  was  mortally  wounded  on  the 
common  in  a  duel  with  Mr.  Clark,  with  whose  sister  he  had  formed  an  improper  attach- 
ment. He  died  at  the  Eed  Lion,  Putney,  two  days  afterwards.  In  June,  1839,  the 
Marquis  of  Londonderry  and  Mr.  Henry  Grattan,  M.P.,  had  a  meeting  here,  when  the 
latter,  after  receiving  his  opponent's  fire,  fired  into  the  air,  and  the  duel  ended. 
Another  duel  was  fought  near  the  mill  on  the  21st  of  September,  1840,  between  the 
Earl  of  Cardigan  and  Capt.  Harvey  Garnett  Phipps  Tuckett,  in  which  the  latter  was 
grievously  wounded  by  a  shot  beneath  the  ribs.  The  Earl  was  tried  by  the  House  of 
Peers  for  this  offence  in  February,  1841  ;  but,  from  a  deficiency  of  proof  as  to  the  identity 
of  the  person  wounded  with  the  Captain  Tuckett  named  in  the  indictment  (though  it 
was  impossible  conscientiously  to  doubt  it),  the  Earl  was  pronounced  "not  guilty." 
This  was  almost  the  last  duel  fought  in  England. 

Every  summer,  in  July,  Wimbledon  Common  is  the  scene  of  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
National  Eifle  Association.  The  old  windmill  has  been  converted  into  its  head-quarters, 
and  the  greatest  interest  is  yearly  evinced  by  thousands  of  all  classes  in  the  various 
shooting  matches  for  such  prizes  as  the  Elcho  Shield,  the  Queen's  Prize,  or  the  Shield 
shot  for  by  our  great  public  schools,  together  with  the  spirited  rifle  match  between 
members  of  the  Houses  of  Lords  and  Commons. 

*  Douglas,  "  Na^nia  Britannica,"  p.  93,  plate  23. 


HUNDEED  OF  WALLINGTON,  OR  CROYDON. 


PARISHES  IN  THE  FIRST  DIVISION  : 

CEOYDOX.— ADDINGTON.— CHALDON.— COULSDON.— SANDEESTEAD.— WOODMANSTEENE. 

SECOND  DH'ISION : 

BEDDINGTON,  WITH  WALLINGTON  HAMLET.— CAESnALTON.—CHEAM.— 
MITCHAM.—MOEDON.— SUTTON. 


ALLINGTON  hundred,  sometimes  called  the  hundred 
of  Croydon,  from  its  principal  to'wu,  is  styled  in  the 
Doomsday  Book  Waletoii,  and  now  Wallington,  from 
a  place  in  the  parish  of  Beddington  sujiposcd  to 
have  been  a  Koman  settlement.  This  division  of  the 
county  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  hundred  of 
Brixton,  on  the  east  by  the  county  of  Kent,  ou  the 
i.^i^'^]  ''Outh  by  the  hundreds  of  Tandridgc  and  Eeigate, 
''M&^^^SiE^'^^^^^^     ancl  on  the  west  by  Copthorne  and  Kingston. 

In  20  Pvichard  II.  the  Prior  of  Bermondsey  obtained  a  grant,  under  letters-patent, 
of  the  right  of  return  and  execution  of  the  King's  writs  in  this  hundred,  as  well  as  in  that 
of  Brixton,  and  the  privilege  was  confirmed  in  23  Henry  VI,  When  a  Commission  of 
Array  was  issued  in  36  Henry  VIII.  "for  the  preparacion  and  fiirnyshyng  of  400 
able  men,  with  their  Capitaynes,"  in  the  county  of  Surrey,  for  the  King's  service  in  the 
wars  with  France  and  Scotland,  the  quota  required  from  the  hundred  of  "Wallington 
consisted  of  four  archers  and  twenty  billmen. 


This  parish  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Lambeth  and  Streatham ;  on  the  east  by 
Penge,  the  parishes  of  Beckenham  and  West  Wickham  in  Kent,  and  that  of  Addington 
in  Surrey;  on  the  south  by  Addington,  Sanderstead,  and  Coulsdon;  and  on  the  west  by 


230  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

Beddington  and  Mitcham.  It  is  no  less  than  thii-ty-six  miles  in  circumference ;  and  the  soil 
yaries  greatly  in  different  parts  of  it,  consisting  of  chalk,  gravel,  sand,  clay,  and  peat. 
Lysons  mentions  a  large  chalk-pit,  about  a  mile  from  the  town,  near  the  road  to 
Addington,  which  afforded  a  great  variety  of  extraneous  fossils.  The  river  Wandle  rises 
in  the  lower  part  of  the  town,  near  the  church. 

Croydon  is  a  place  of  great  antiquity.*  That  part  now  called  High  Street  was  formerly 
only  a  bridle  road  through  fields.  The  old  or  lower  town,  called  Old  Croydon,  was 
situated  farther  from  London  towards  Beddington,  and  there  were  ruins  of  it  remaining 
in  1783.  Gale,  in  his  Commentary  on  the  "  Itinerary  "  of  Antoninus,  says  that  a  Eoman 
road  passed  through  Old  Croydon  from  Woodcote  to  Streatham ;  and  the  first-mentioned 
place  has  been  supposed  by  some  antiquaries  to  be  the  site  of  the  station  called  Noviomagus. 
Both  Camden  and  Gale  notice  a  tradition  that  there  was  anciently  a  royal  palace  westward 
of  the  town,  next  Haling. f 

*  Respecting  the  etymology  of  its  name  we  have  no  positive  information.  Its  ancient  orthography  is  various. 
Camden,  from  the  Saxon,  writes  Gradidon ;  others  have  it  Croindene,  Crondon,  Croiden,  &o.  Within  oux  own  recollec- 
tion, though  ^vritten  Croydon,  it  was  usually,  especially  by  the  common  people,  pronounced  Craydou.  As  there  is  no 
chalk  in  Surrey  before  we  reach  Croydon  from  the  metropolis,  the  name  is  thought  by  some  to  be  derived  from  the  old 
Norman  or  French  word  craye,  or  craie,  chalk,  and  the  Anglo-Saxon  dun,  a  hill,  indicating  a  town  near  the  chalk  bill. 
Others,  though  less  satisfactorily,  derive  the  name  from  crone,  sheep,  and  dene,  a  valley. 

t  In  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth  "  the  streets  were  deep  hollow  ways,  and  very  dirty  ;  the  houses  generally  with 
wooden  steps  into  them, — and  the  inhabitants  in  general  were  smiths  and  colliers  ; "  that  is,  charcoal-burners,  a  calling 
for  which  they  have  been  celebrated  by  several  of  our  early  poets. 

In  the  ancient  tragedy  of  Locrine  occurs  the  well-known  distich — 

"  The  Colliers  of  Croydon, 
The  Rustics  of  Roydon  ; " 

and  there  is  a  comedy,  -nTitten  in  1662,  entitled  Ch-im,  the  Collier  of  Croydon,  or  the  Devil  and  his  Dame,  &c.  Those 
who  are  here  called  colliers  would  in  our  time  be  called  charcoal-bavrners,  for  that  was  evidently  their  trade,  as  may  be 
evinced  by  the  following  extracts  from  a  very  scarce  satirical  and  descriptive  poem  written  by  P.  Haimay,  gent.,  and 
published  about  the  time  of  the  restoration  of  Charles  II. : — 

"  In  midst  of  these  stands  Croydon,  cloth'd  in  blacke. 

In  a  low  bottome  sink  of  all  these  hills ; 
And  is  receipt  of  all  the  durtie  wracke, 

'V^Tiich  from  their  tops  still  in  abundance  trills ; 

The  unpav'd  lanes  with  muddie  mire  it  fills : 
If  one  shower  falls,  or  if  that  blessing  stay. 
You  well  may  scent,  but  never  see  your  way. 

And  those  that  there  inhabit,  suiting  well 

With  such  a  place,  doe  either  Nigros  seeme, 
Or  harbingers  for  Pluto,  prince  of  Hell ; 

Or  his  fire-beaters  one  might  rightly  deeme : 

Their  sight  would  make  a  soul  of  hell  to  di'eame ; 
Besmear'd  with  sut,  and  breathing  pitchie  smoake. 
Which,  save  themselves,  a  living  wight  would  choke.  [These, 


Croydon  is  seldom  mentioned  in  liistoiy,  and  the  events  relating  to  it  are  of  little 
importance.  lu  1261  a  body  of  troops  who  had  fought  under  the  Earl  of  Leicester, 
consisting  of  Londoners,  on  returning  home  after  the  battle  of  Lewes,  having  taken 
up  their  quarters  at  Croydon,  were  attacked  by  the  disbanded  Eoyalists  who  had  formed 
the  gai-rison  of  Tunbridge  Castle,  when  many  of  them  were  killed,  and  the  assaihuits 
obtained  a  great  booty.* 

In  1286  "William  "Warren,  son  and  heir  of  John  "Warren,  Earle  of  Surrey,  in  a 
turneament  at  Croyden,  was  by  the  challenger  intercepted,  and  cruelly  slaine."t 

In  1550  Grig,  a  poulterer  of  Surrey,  regarded  among  the  people  as  a  prophet,  in 
curing  divers  diseases  by  words  and  prayers,  and  saying  he  would  take  no  money,  was,  by 
commandment  of  the  Earl  of  "Warwick  and  others  of  the  King's  Council,  set  on  a  scaffold 
in  the  town  of  Croydon,  with  a  paper  on  his  breast,  wherein  were  written  his  deceitful  and 
hypocritical  dealings.  He  was  afterwards  put  in  the  pillory  at  Southwark  during  the 
Lady  Day  fair.  J 

Stow  says  that  in  1551  an  earthquake  was  felt  at  Croydon  and  several  neighbouring 
places.  EuUer,  in  his  "  Church  History  of  Britain,"  after  mentioning  the  Black  Assizes  at 
Oxford  in  1577,  adds,  "The  like  chanced  some  foiu'  years  since  (1652  ?)  at  Croydon  in 
Sm-rey,  where  a  great  depopulation  happened  at  the  assizes  of  persons  of  quality,  and  the 
two  judges.  Baron  Yates,  and  Baron  Eigby,  died  a  few  days  after."  Mr.  Lysons  remarks 
that  it  does  not  appear  by  the  Eegister  that  there  was  any  groat  mortality  at  Croydon 
about  that  time.§  The  plague  visited  this  town  in  1603,  and  in  that  year  and  the  nest 
158  persons  died  of  it:  the  disease  proved  fatal  to  many  people  here  also  in  1625, 
1026,  1631,  1665,  and  1666. 

In  1728  so  violent  a  storm  of  hail  and  rain,  with  thunder  and  lightning,  fell  at 
Croydon  as  to  strike  the  hailstones,  which  were  from  8  to  10  inches  round,  some  inches 
into  the  earth.  The  cattle  were  forced  into  the  ditches  and  drowned,  windows  were 
shattered,  and  great  damage  done.  Considerable  damage  in  and  near  Croydon  was  also 
done  by  a  storm  of  thunder  and  lightning  in  1744. || 


Theise,  with  the  Demi-gods  still  disagreeing, 

(As  vice  with  virtue  ever  is  at  Jarre,) 
With  all  who  in  the  pleasant  woods  have  being, 

Doe  undertake  an  everlasting  warre, 

Cut  do\vn  their  groves,  and  often  doe  them  skarre ; 
And  in  a  close  pent  fire  their  arbours  burne 
While— as  the  Muses  can  do  nought  but  moume." 


*  Matt.  Paris,  "  Hist.  Angl."  Contiu.  p.  964.  +  Stow,  Chron.  p.  311. 

t  Stow,  p.  1020.  §  "Environs,"  p.  172.  ||  Steiiiman,  "Croydon,"  pp.  28,  29. 


232  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

This  parish  contains  the  hamlets  of  Addiscombe,  Croham,  Coombe,  Haling,  Shirley,  ■ 
Woodside,  Waddon,  Thornton  Heath,  and  Broad  Green  ;  the  manors  of  Waddon,  Bencham 
(or  Whitehorse),  Norbmy,  Haling,  and  Croham,  and  a  part  of  that  of  Norwood.  Within 
the  parish  and  manor  of  Croydon  are  seven  boroughs,  namely,  Coombe,  Selsdon,  Bencham 
or  Bunchesham,  Addiscombe,  Woodside,  Shirley,  and  Croham.  It  lies  within  the  district 
of  the  Metropolitan  Police,  and  is  the  head  of  a  Union  and  County  Court  district. 

Manor  of  Ceotdon.— The  manor  of  Croydon  is  thus  described  in  the  Doomsday  Book 
among  the  lands  of  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury : — "  In  the  hundred  of  Waleton 
(Wallington)  Archbishop  Lanfranc  holds  Croindene  in  demesne.  In  the  time  of  King 
Edward,  it  was  assessed  at  80  hides :  now  at  16  hides,  and  1  virgate.  The  arable  land 
amounts  to  20  carucates.  There  are  in  the  demesne  4  carucates ;  and  forty-eight  villains, 
and  twenty-five  bordars,  with  34  carucates.  There  is  a  chm-ch ;  and  one  mill,  at  5s. ;  and 
8  acres  of  meadow.  The  wood  yields  two  hundred  swine.  Of  the  land  belonging  to  this 
manor,  Eestold  holds  of  the  Archbishop  7  hides ;  and  Ealph  1  hide ;  and  thence  they  have 
£7  8s.  rent.  The  whole  manor,  in  the  time  of  King  Edward,  was  valued  at  £12  :  now  at 
£27  to  the  Archbishop;  and  £10  10s.  to  his  men." 

This  manor  is  said  to  have  been  given  by  William  I.  to  Archbishop  Lanfi-anc,  who  is 
supposed  to  have  founded  the  archiepiscopal  palace,  though  Eobert  Kilwardby  is  the  first 
prelate  who  is  certainly  known  to  have  resided  at  Croydon.  He  resigned  the  metropolitan 
dignity  on  being  made  a  Cardinal  in  1278,  and  went  to  Eome,  leaving  the  castles  and 
mansions  belonging  to  the  see  in  such  a  dilapidated  state  that  Archbishop  Peckham,  his 
successor,  found  it  necessary  to  expend  3,000  marks  in  repairs,  though  it  is  uncertain 
what  part  of  this  sum  may  have  been  laid  out  at  Croydon.  The  manor  continued  to 
belong  to  the  see  of  Canterbury  until  the  troubles  of  the  seventeenth  century,  when  the 
revenues  of  the  archbishopric  were  seized  by  the  Parliament.  The  annual  value  of  the 
manor,  palace,  and  land  was  then  estimated  at  £275,  exclusive  of  the  timber. 

Archiepiscopal  Palace. — There  is  no  evidence  that  any  Archbishop  of  Canterbury 
resided  at  Croydon  before  Kilwardby  above  mentioned  ;  but  it  may  be  concluded  that  he 
had  a  palace  or  mansion  here,  as  he  dates  hence,  in  1273,  a  mandate  for  holding  a 
Convocation  at  the  New  Temple  in  London.*  Several  succeeding  prelates,  in  the  same 
and  the  following  century,  were  occasionally  resident  here;  among  them  Archbishop 
Courtenay,  who  received  the  pall  in  the  principal  chamber,  or  great  hall,  of  his  manor  of 
Croydon,  in  1382.t  Thomas  Arundel,  the  next  archbishop,  probably  built  the  guard- 
chamber,  as  his  arms  were  displayed   in  the  interior.      Cardinal  Stafford,  who  obtained 

*  Wilkiiis,  "  Concilia,"  vol.  ii.  p.  2G.  t  Eegist.  Courtiiei.  f.  9,  a. 


the  see  in  1443,  resided  during  his  primacy  chiefly  at  Croydon  and  Lambctli:  he  citluT 
built  or  repaired  the  great  hall.  Archbishop  Cranmcr  also  appears  to  have  repaired  the 
palace.  In  his  time  Croydon  became  the  scene  of  the  judicial  examination  of  John 
Frith,*  accused  of  heresy  before  Cromwell,  Cranmer,  and  others,  for  maintaining  certain 
doctrines,  which  the  Archbishop  himself  secretly,  and  afterwards  openly,  professed.  Fritli, 
refusing  to  recant,  was  burnt  in  Sraithfield  in  1534. 

Archbishop  Parker  entertained  Queen  Elizabeth  at  his  palace  of  Croydon  for  seven 
days  in  1573,  and  there  is  reason  to  believe  that  she  visited  the  palace  again  in  the 
ensiling  year.  Miss  Agnes  Strickland  writes,  in  her  "  Lives  of  the  Queens  of  England," 
"  The  learned  primate,  his  comptroller,  secrettu-ics,  and  chamberers,  were  at  their  wits' 
ends,  where  and  how  to  find  sleeping  accommodation  for  her  majesty,  and  her  numerous 
train  of  ladies  and  officers  of  state,  on  this  occasion.  There  is  a  pitiful  note,  signed 
J.  Bowyer,  appended  to  the  list  of  these  illustrious  guests,  for  whom  suitable  dormitories 
could  not  be  assigned,  in  which  he  says,  'For  the  queen's  waiters,  I  cannot  find  any 
convenient  rooms  to  place  them  in,  but  I  will  do  the  best  I  can  to  place  them  elsewhere  ; 
but  if  it  will  please  you,  sir,  that  I  do  remo-\'e  them,  the  grooms  of  the  privy  chamber,  nor 
jNIr.  Drury,  have  no  other  way  to  theii-  chambers  but  to  pass  through  that  where  my  lady 
Oxford  should  come.  I  cannot  then  tell  where  to  place  Mr.  Ilatton  ;  and  for  my  lady 
Carewe,  there  is  no  place  with  a  chimney  for  her,  but  that  she  must  lay  abroad  by 
Mrs.  A.  Parry  and  the  rest  of  the  privy  chamber.  For  Mrs.  Shelton,  there  are  no  rooms 
with  a  chimney ;  I  shall  stay  one  chamber  without  for  her.  Here  is  as  mucli  as  I  am 
able  to  do  in  this  house.     From  Croydon.'  "t 

In  1587  Sir  Chi-istopher  Ilatton  was  appointed  Lord  Chancellor,  on  the  recommenda- 
tion of  Whitgift,  and  the  great  seal  was  delivered  to  him  in  the  gallery  of  the  2)alace  at 
Croydon. 

During  the  interregnum  the  palace  and  lands  were  let  for  £40  a  year  to  Charles, 
Earl  of  Nottingham,  who  held  on  lease  the  manor  of  Haling  also,  after  which,  in  1C46, 

*  See  Fox's  "Acts  and  Monuments,"  vol.  iii.  p.  192;  Stow,  Chronicle,  p.  962.  This  was  by  no  means  the  only 
occasion  on  which  Cranmer  acted  as  the  subservient  instrument  of  a  lawless  tyrant.  Bishop  BurncI,  one  of  the  chief 
Protestant  writers  who  have  laboured  to  place  his  character  in  a  favourable  point  of  view,  has  erroneously  stated  tliat  he 
retired  to  Croydon  when  the  Bill  of  Attainder  ag.iinst  the  Duke  of  Norfolk  passed  in  Parliament ;  and  Hume,  heedlessly 
following  Burnet,  says,  "  Cranmer,  though  engaged  for  many  years  in  an  opposite  party  to  Norfolk,  and  though  he  had 
received  many  and  great  injuries  from  him,  would  have  no  hand  in  so  unjust  a  prosecution  ;  and  he  retired  to  his  seat  in 
Croydon."  But  a  recent  historian  more  correctly  asserts  that  Cranmer,  after  being  present  in  the  House  of  Lords  on  the 
three  several  days  on  which  the  iniquitous  Bill  against  the  Duke  was  read  [as  well  as  on  the  day  it  received  the  royal 
assent  by  commission,  viz.  January  27th,  38  Henry  VIII.],  had  retreated  for  quiet  to  Croydon,  where  he  was  when  he 
received  a  summons  to  attend  his  royal  master  in  his  Last  agonies.  (See  Lingard's  "  England,"  vol.  iv.  p.  354 ;  and 
"Pictorial  History  of  England,"  vol.  ii.  p.  A51.) 

+  Sloane  MS.  1—4,  160,  n.  217. 

VOL.    HI.  H   H 


2  34  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

the  commissioners  of  the  Parliament  granted  the  estate  to  Sii-  Wm.  Breretou,  Bart.,  who 
had  been  a  general  officer  during  the  civil  war,  and  was  one  of  the  Council  of  State 
appointed  under  the  Protectorate  in  1652.* 

After  the  Eestoration  Ai'chbisliop  Juxon  repaired  and  restored  the  palace,  and  several 
of  his  successors  expended  considerable  sums  on  the  building,  especially  Dr.  Herring,  by 
whom  it  was  vastly  improved  and  adorned.  This  prelate  was  the  last  who  resided  at 
Croydon ;  and  the  palace  being  deserted  and  becoming  dilapidated,  in  1780  an  Act  of 
Parliament  was  obtained,  by  which  the  premises  were  vested  in  trustees  for  sale.  In  the 
preamble  it  is  alleged  that  the  palace  was  in  a  low,  unwholesome  situation,  and  so 
incommodious  as  to  be  unfit  for  the  residence  of  the  archbishops,  and  that  certain  funds 
existed  which  might  be  appropriated  to  the  erection  or  purchase  of  a  more  suitable 
mansion.  The  fee-simple  of  the  estate  was  consequently  sold  by  auction,  in  1780,  to 
Mr.  (afterwards  Sir)  Abraham  Pitches  for  £2,520,  and  the  mansion  and  estate  of  Addington 
Park  were  bought  in  lieu  of  it.  The  palace  was  then  turned  into  an  establishment  for 
printing  linens  ;  the  garden  was  made  a  bleaching  ground ;  and  the  demesne  having  been 
subsequently  resold  in  lots,  the  buildings  were  converted  into  separate  dwellings. f 

Croydon  Park,  or  Park  Hill. — This  estate  was  held  by  the  Archbishops  of 
Canterbury  till  the  time  of  Henry  VIII.,  when  Cranmer  surrendered  it  to  the  King  in 
exchange  for  other  lands ;  but  it  was  restored  to  him  by  a  grant  of  Edward  VI.  The 
office  of  Keeper  of  Croydon  Park  was  granted,  for  life  or  terms  of  years,  to  various 
individuals  at  different  periods  :  among  them  was  William  "Walworth,  Mayor  of  London, 
whose  spirited  conduct  helped  to  put  down  tho  rebellion  under  Wat  Tyler,  in  the  reign  of 
Eichard  II.  Walworth  was  appointed  to  the  kecpership  by  Archbishop  Courtenay  in 
1382.     The  estate  has  been  long  divided  and  built  over.  J 

Manor  of  Waddon. — This  manor,  anciently  styled  Wo(Mens,  is  situated  on  the  road 
to  Beddington,  about  half  a  mile  from  the  town  of  Croydon.  It  formerly  belonged  to 
the  Crown,  and  in  1127  it  was  given  by  Henry  I.  to  the  monastery  of  Bermondsey.  In 
1391  Archbishop  Courtenay  obtained  this  estate  in  exchange  for  the  appropriation  of  the 
church  of  Croydon,  and  it  has  ever  since  (except  during  the  interregnum)  pertained  to 
the  metropolitan  see.     In  the  time  of  Archbishop  Parker  it  was  valued  at  £22  6s.  8d. 

*  This  gentleman  was  rewarded  by  the  Parliament  for  liis  services  with  the  sequestration  of  Cashiobury  and  other 
lands  of  Lord  Capel,  the  chief  forestership  of  Macclesfield,  and  the  stewardship  of  that  hundred,  besides  the  sequestrations 
of  the  lands  and  tenements  pertaining  to  the  see  of  Canterbury  at  Croydon.  He  died  in  1661.  His  having  turned  the 
chapel  at  Croydon  into  i\  kitchen  wliile  he  held  the  palace  induced  a  contemporai-y  pamphleteer  to  remark  that  he  was 
"  a  notable  man  at  a  thanksgiving  dinner,  having  terrible  long  teeth,  and  a  prodigious  stomach,  to  turn  the  archbishop's 
chapel  into  a  kitchen,  and  to  swallow  up  that  palace  and  lands  at  a  morsel."— Ltsons,  Environs,  vol.  i.  p.  175. 

t  Manning,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  537.  t  Garrow,  "History  of  Croydon,"  p.  33. 


Manor  of  Bunciiesham,  or  Bensuam. — This  muiiur  lies  uortli  of  tlie  tuwii,  towards 
Norwood.*  Peter  Chaceport  had  a  grant  of  frco-warrcu  hero  iu  87  lleury  III.  ;  and  in 
1299,  27  Edward  I.,  a  similar  grant  was  obtained  by  Eichard  do  Gravcsend,  Bishop  of 
London.  In  1338  Stephen  do  Gravcsend,  also  Bishop  of  London,  died  seized  of  this 
manor,  -\\-hich  he  had  hold  of  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  as  of  his  manor  of  Croydon, 
for  his  life,  at  a  rent  of  21s.  a  year,  and  suit  of  court.  It  then  comprised  a  messuage, 
200  acres  of  arable  land,  8  acres  of  meadow,  and  20  acres  of  pasture,  with  underwood, 
besides  rents  of  assize  and  pleas  and  perquisites  of  courts.  After  repeated  transfers  to 
different  persons,  the  manor,  in  41  Edward  III.,  Avas.  held  by  "Walter  Whitehorse,  the 
King's  shield-bearer:  from  him,  apparently,  it  has  since  been  called  the  Manor  of 
TMiitehorse. 

At  length  this  estate  became  the  propcrtj'  of  Sir  Kobert  Morton,  nephew  of  Cardinal 
Morton,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  who  died  seized  of  it  in  C  Henry  VIII.  "William 
Morton,  Esq.,  a  relative  of  this  gentleman,  held  it  in  15GG  ;  and  Thomas  Morton,  thc> 
grandson  of  "William,  died  in  1678,  leaving  five  daughters  his  coheiresses.  The  shares  ol" 
four  of  these  ladies  were  purchased  b}'  John  Barrett,  Esq.,  iu  1712;  and  his  grandson,  to 
whom  the  property  descended,  bought  the  fifth  share  iu  1787,  shortly  after  which  he 
disposed  of  the  whole  to  John  Cat  or,  Esq.,  of  Beckcuham,  in  Kent.  It  belonged,  in  1809, 
to  John  Cator,  Esq.,  nephew  of  the  preceding,  who  sold  it  to  John  Davidson  Smith,  Esq. 

Maxor  of  Croham. — This  manor,  likewise  named  Cronham  and  Cnmhum,  consists  of 
a  messuage  aud  farm,  comprising  about  400  acres  of  arable  and  wood  laud,  and  it  extends 
over  Croraehurst  for  about  a  mile  from  the  town  towards  the  south-east.  It  forms  part  of 
the  endowment  of  the  hospital  founded  at  Croydon  by  Archbishop  Whitgift.  Iu  13G8  it 
was  alienated  by  a  person  named  Chireton  to  "Walter  "Whitehorse,  above  mentioned,  but 
it  appears  to  have  reverted  to  the  family  of  Chireton.  It  belonged  to  the  CroM'u  in  the 
beginning  of  the  reign  of  Henry  lY.,  who  gave  the  custodj'  of  the  manor  to  Wm.  Oliver. 
Dame  Anne  Peche  held  it  in  the  time  of  Henry  VII.,  and  under  his  successor  it  belongel 
to  Sir  John  Danet,  in  right  of  his  wife,  daughter  of  Thomas  Elyubrigge,  Esq.  The 
manorial  estate  was  afterwards  held  by  Sir  Olive  Leigh,  of  Addington,  by  whom  it  was 
sold  to  Archbishop  "Whitgift. 

Manor  of  Haling. — Haling  House  is  situated  at  the  southern  extremity  of  the  town, 
in  the  midst  of  a  pleasant  park,  the  plantations  in  which  formed  the  subject  of  a  poetical 

*  The  hamlet  of  Nonvood,  one  of  the  most  delightful  villages  in  the  vicinity  of  the  metropolis,  lies  partly  iu  the 
parish  of  Croydon,  and  partly  in  Larahetli,  Streatham,  and  Camberwell.  It  has  already  been  described  in  our  account  of 
the  hundred  of  Brixton  (see  ante,  p.  115).  In  a  survey  dated  1646  it  is  mentioned  as  containing  "  830  acres,  in  which 
the  inhabitants  of  Croydon  have  herbage  for  all  manner  of  cattle,  and  ma-ttage  for  swine  without  stint." 


236  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

"Epistle  from  a  Grove  in  Derbyshire  to  a  Grove  in  Sim-ey,"  with  the  answer  by 
"William  Whitehead,  formerly  Poet-laiireate.* 

In  the  reign  of  Edward  IV.  this  manor  belonged  to  Thomas  Warham,  who  held  it  of 
the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  at  the  rent  of  21s.  O^d.  He  died  about  1478,  and  the 
lease  is  supposed  to  have  passed  to  William  "Warham,  Archdeacon  of  Canterbury,  and 
nephew  of  the  primate  of  that  name,  from  whom  Henry  YIII.  obtained  the  estate  by 
exchange.  Queen  Mary  granted  the  manor  to  Sir  John  Gage,  K.G.,  who  died  seized  of 
it  in  1557,  leaving  four  sons,  of  whom  Eobert,  the  third,  held  Haling.  He  died  in  1587, 
and  was  succeeded  in  this  property  by  his  son,  John  Gage,  father  of  Sir  Henry  Gage,  Knt., 
Colonel  in  the  army  and  Governor  of  Oxford,  in  the  service  of  Charles  I.,  and  who  lost  his 
life  in  a  skirmish  at  Culham,  near  Abingdon,  in  1644.  Eobert  Gage,  uncle  of  Sir  Henry, 
was  executed  as  an  accomplice  in  the  conspiracy  of  Babington  and  others  against  Queen 
Elizabeth  in  1586  ;  and  his  brother,  John  Gage  of  Haling,  incurred  imprisonment  and 
forfeiture  for  harbouring  G.  Beesley,  a  "  missionary  priest."  The  manor  of  Haling,  thus 
becoming  vested  in  the  Crown,  was  granted  on  lease,  under  letters-patent  of  34  Elizabeth, 
to  Charles  Howard,  Earl  of  Nottingham,  who  died  here  in  1624.  Notwithstanding  the 
proceedings  against  Mr.  Gage,  and  the  consequent  forfeiture  of  his  estates,  they  were 
probably  restored ;  for  his  son.  Sir  Henry,  having  demised  the  reversion  of  Haling  House 
to  his  father,  the  latter,  in  2  Charles  I.,  alienated  it  to  Chi'istopher  Gardiner,  Esq.,  to 
whose  family  it  belonged  until  1707,  when  it  was  conveyed  to  Edward  Stringer,  Esq. 
That  gentleman  left  it  to  his  widow,  and  from  her  it  descended  to  her  grandson  (by  a 
second  husband),  William  Parker  Hamond,  Esq.,  whose  son  and  heir  of  the  same  name 
held  the  estate  in  1860.  It  was  for  some  time  in  the  occupation  of  James  Penleaze,  Esq., 
and  now  in  that  of  Mr.  James  Watney. 

Mange  or  Norbtjry. — This  manor,  also  called  Northborough^  is  situated  on  the  western 
side  of  the  road  to  London,  extending  over  a  part  of  Thornton  Heath.  Nicholas  Carew, 
of  Beddington,  Keeper  of  the  Privy  Seal,  in  48  Edward  III.  obtained  a  grant  of  free-warren 

*  The  following  lines  may  serve  as  a  specimen  of  the  versification : — 

"  I  envy  not,  I  swear  and  vow, 
The  temples  or  the  shades  of  Stow ; 
Nor  Java's  groves,  whose  arms  display 
Their  blossoms  to  the  rising  day ; 
Nor  Chili's  woods,  whose  fruitage  gleams, 
Ruddy  beneath  his  setting  beams ; 
Nor  Teneriflfa's  forests  shaggy. 
Nor  China's  varying  Sharawaggi : 
Nor  all  that  has  been  sung  or  said 
Of  Pindus,  or  of  Windsor's  shade." 


CRornox.  237 

for  all  his  lands  iu  Croydon,  and  died  in  1391,  seized,  inter  alia,  of  the  manor  of  Norbury. 
It  remained  in  the  possession  of  the  Carews  until  the  attainder  and  execntion  of 
Sii"  Nicholas  Carew  in  1539,*  and  Henry  VIII.  annexed  it  to  the  honour  of  Ilampton 
Court.  Edward  VI.,  in  1547,  granted  this  manor,  together  Avith  Pyrle  Mead  iu  Croydon, 
to  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  in  exchange  for  other  landed  property  ;  but  Queen  Mary 
restored  to  Sir  Francis  Carc\y  the  forfeited  estates  of  his  father.  From  this  gentleman 
Norbury,  with  Beddington,  &c.,  descended  to  Admiral  Su-  Benjamin  Hallowell  Carew, 
G.C.B.,  whose  son,  Capt.  Charles  II.  Carew,  K.N.,  possessed  it  until  he  sold  his  paternal 
property.f     Norbury  House  is  now  the  residence  of  William  Goldsmith,  Esq. 

The  manors,  or  reputed  manors,  of  Ham,  Palmers,  and  Selhurst  are  now  incorporated 
with  the  principal  manor  of  Croydon,  belonging  to  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury.  The 
manor  or  estate  called  Ham,  situated  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  parish  towards  Beckenham, 
was  granted  by  Queen  Mary  to  Anthony  Browne,  Viscount  Montague,  and  in  1809  it 
belonged  to  Lord  Gwydyr,  who  inherited  it  from  his  grandfather,  Peter  Burrell,  Esq.,  of 
Beckenham. if 

Addiscoiube. — This  place,  formerly  called  Adjcomb  and  Adscomh,  is  about  one  mile 
and  a  half  from  the  town  of  Croydon  on  the  road  to  Wickham.  In  the  reign  of 
Heniy  VIII.  this  estate  belonged  to  Thomas  Heron,  who  died  in  1518,  leaving  two  sons, 
who  held  it  in  succession.  Sir  Nicholas  Heron,  the  younger,  died  in  1568,  and  was 
interred  in  Heron's  Chapel  in  the  parish  church.  Addiscombe  afterwards  became  the 
residence  of  Sir  John  Tunstal,  Gentleman  Usher  to  Anne  of  Denmark,  consort  of  James  I. ; 
and  his  eldest  son,  Heniy,  who  dwelt  here,  was  in  1647  appointed  one  of  the  Committee 
of  Inquiry  concerning  the  conduct  of  the  clergy  in  Surrey.  Sir  Piu-beck  Temple,  Knt.,  a 
member  of  the  Privy  Council  of  Charles  II.,  held  this  estate  ;  and,  as  he  died  without  issue 
in  1695,  it  came  into  the  possession  of  his  widow,  who  died  in  1700,  having  left  Addis- 
combe to  her  nephew,  William  Draper,  son-ia-law  of  the  celebrated  John  Evelyn.§  Mr. 
Draper  rebuilt  the  mansion  in  1702,  the  masonry  consisting  of  brickwork  cased  with 
Portland  stone.  Sir  John  Vanbrugh  is  said  to  have  been  the  architect,  and  the  walls  and 
ceilings  of  the  staircase  and  saloon  were  ornamented  by  the  pencil  of  Sii-  James  Thornliill. 
In  the  course  of  the  eighteenth  century  Addiscombe  House  was  successively  occupied  by 
the  Lord  Chancellor  Talbot,  who  died  here  in  1737 ;  by  Lord  Grantham,  who  died  in 
1786 ;  and  by  Charles  Jenkinson,  first  Earl  of  Liverpool,  who  had  a  lease  of  the  estate 
for  life,  and  died  in  1808. 

*  See  Account  of  Beddington.  t  Manning,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  541  ;   Steinman,  pp.  36 — 38. 

t  Manning,  «.  s.  p.  544.  §  See  Evelyn's  "  Diary,"  and  Steinman's  "  Croydon,"  pp.  50,  51. 


238  lilSrORY  OF  SURREi: 

The  Addiscombc  estate  had  previously  become  the  property  of  Charles  Clarke,  Esq.,. 
through  an  heiress  of  the  Draper  family ;  and  his  grandson,  Charles  John  Clarke,  lost  his 
life  in  consequence  of  the  fall  of  a  scaffold  at  Paris,  ■svhither  he  had  gone  after  the  peace  of 
Amiens.  He  was  married,  but,  as  he  left  no  issue,  his  estates  devolved  on  his  sister, 
Anne  Millicent  Clarke,  wife  of  Emilius  Henry  Dclme,  ^vho  assumed  the  name  of  Eadeliffe, 
This  gentleman  was  Master  of  the  Stud  to  George  lY.  and  his  successor.  In  1809  Mr, 
Eadcliffe  sold  Addiscombe  to  the  East  India  Company,  who  founded  there  a  Military 
College  for  the  education  of  cadets  for  the  Engineers  and  Artillery,  and  in  1825  the  plan 
of  the  institution  was  extended  so  as  to  furnish  instruction  for  candidates  for  the  infantry 
service  in  general.  After  the  transfer  of  the  government  of  India  to  the  CroAvn,  by  the  old 
East  India  Company,  in  I808,  Addiscombe  College  was  broken  up,  and  its  site  has  been 
utilised  for  building  purposes. 

Amongst  the  chief  seats  in  the  envhons  of  Croydon  may  be  mentioned  the  following : — 

CooMBE  House,  a  mansion  formerly  occupied  by  Beeston  Long,  Esq.,  brother  of  Lord 
Farnborough  :  afterwards  it  -^'as  sold  to  Mr.  Enderby,  and  at  his  decease  to  James  William 
Sutherland,  Esq.,  whose  widow  still  o-«tis  it. 

Shirley  House,  about  a  mile  and  a  half  to  the  eastward  of  Croydon,  was  built  by  John 
Claxton,  Esq.,  in  1720,  on  an  elevated  site.  It  has  a  fine  lawn,  and  a  piece  of  water  in  front. 
Many  years  ago  it  came  into  the  possession  of  John  Maberlcy,  Esq.,  and  by  the  assignees 
of  that  gentleman  it  was  afterwards  sold  to  S.  Skinner,  Esq.  Mr.  Skinner  disposed  of  the 
estate  to  the  Earl  of  Eldon,  whose  son,  the  present  earl,  still  owns  the  property. 

The  Eectory  of  Croyuox. — This  rectory  belonged  to  the  Archbishops  of  Canterbury 
till  1391,  when,  under  the  authority  of  a  bull  of  Pope  Boniface  IX.,  it  was  appropriated 
to  the  monastery  of  Bermondsey  in  exchange  for  the  manor  of  Waddon,  but  the  patronage 
of  the  living  remained  with  the  Archbishop.  On  the  dissolution  of  the  convent  in  1538^ 
this  manor  became  vested  in  the  Crown,  and  in  1550  Edward  YI.  granted  the  rectory, 
with  other  estates  in  Surrey,  to  Thomas  Walsiagham,  Esq.,  of  Chislehurst,  Kent,  and 
Eobert  Moyse,  Esq.,  of  Banstead,  Surrey. 

In  1727  this  estate  belonged  to  James  Walsingham,  Esq.,  who,  by  will  dated  that 
year,  gave  it  to  his  sister.  Lady  Osborne,  at  whose  death  in  1733  it  was  divided  between 
the  coheiresses  of  Mr.  Walsingham,  of  whom  that  lady  was  one  :  she  left  her  portion  of  the 
property  to  Henry  Boyle,  Esq.,  who  took  the  name  of  Walsingham.  He  conveyed  it,  in 
1770,  to  Anthony  Joseph,  Yiscount  Montague,  descended  from  Barbara,  another  sister  of 
James  Walsingham ;  and  his  lordshij),  having  purchased  the  remainder  of  the  rectorial 
estate,  died  seized  of  it  in  1787,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  George  Samuel,  Viscount 


CRornox.  2.^9 

Moutagiio,  Avhose  trustees  sold  jwrt  of  the  tithes  to  Lurd  Gwj-dyr  and  otlier  landuwiuTs. 
This  young  nobleman  was  drowned  during  his  travels  in  Switzerland  iu  ITl'o,  in  an 
attempt  to  pass  in  a  boat  doM^n  the  fall  of  the  Khine  at  Schaffhausen.  lie  had  eouvcyed 
this  manor  and  the  remainder  of  the  tithes  to  Eobert  Harris,  Esq.,  who  died  in  1807, 
and  the  trustees  under  his  will  transferred  the  estate  by  sale  to  Alexander  Caldecleugh, 
<^r  Coldcleugh,  Esq. 

In  the  Taxation  of  Pope  Nicholas  the  rectory  of  Croydon  is  valued  at  GO  marks,  and 
the  vicarage  at  15  marks  ;  and  in  the  King's  books  the  vicarage,  discharged  of  the 
payment  of  first-fruits,  is  rated  at  £21  18s.  lOd. 

There  were  anciently  two  chantries  in  the  parish  church.  One  of  these,  dedicated  to 
St.  Mary,  was  founded  in  the  fom-teenth  century  by  Eeginald,  Lord  t'obham,  and  it  was 
valued  in  20  Henry  VIII.  at  £13  8s.  Id.  The  other  chantry,  dedicated  to  St.  Nicholas, 
was  founded  for  the  repose  of  the  souls  of  John  Staiford,  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells  (which 
sec  he  vacated  in  1443,  on  being  translated  to  that  of  Canterbury),  and  of  William  Oliver, 
Yicar  of  Croydon.     It  was  valued  at  £8  lOs.  4d. 

The  CiiURCir. — There  is  known  to  have  been  a  church  at  Croydon  in  the  Saxon  era, 
■as  in  Lambard's  "  Perambulation  of  Kent  "  we  find  a  copy  of  "  the  will  of  Byrhtric  and 
-iElfwy,  made  anno  9G0,"  a  witness  to  which  was  "  iElffie,  the  priest  of  Croydon."  The 
former  chm-ch,  dedicated  to  St.  John  the  Baptist,  and  regarded  as  one  of  the  finest  examples 
of  ecclesiastical  architecture  iu  the  county,  is  supposed  to  have  been  commenced  by  Arch- 
bishop Courtenay,  Primate  1381 — 9C  ;  but  it  was  not  completed  until  the  days  of 
Ai-chbishop  Chichele,  who  expended  on  it  large  sums  of  money.  He  was,  observes 
Stow  ("Annals,"  p.  G31),  "the  new  builder,  or  especial  repairer  of  Croydon  church,  as 
appeareth  by  his  arms  graven  on  the  walls,  steeple,  and  porch."  His  arms  {ar(/cnt,  a 
chevron,  gules,  between  three  cinquefoils  of  the  last)  were  on  the  arch  over  the  west  or 
principal  entrance.  This  noble  edifice,  situated  at  the  bottom  of  the  town,  near  the  source 
of  the  Wandle,  and  adjoining  the  palace  lands,  is  of  stone  and  flint,  and  exceedingly  well 
proportioned,  in  the  pointed  style.  It  consists  of  nave,  aisles,  and  chancel.  At  the  west 
end  is  a  handsome  square  tower,  rising  to  the  height  of  iowv  stories.  The  tower  is 
supported  by  strong  buttresses,  and  adorned  at  the  simunit  by  battlements,  and  crocketed 
pinnacles  issuing  from  octagonal  turrets.  It  contains  a  good  ring  of  eight  bells,  cast  iu 
1738,  with  chimes,  which  play  a  psalm  tune  every  sixth  hoiu".  The  first  bell  is  thus 
inscribed : — 

"  My  voice  I  will  raise, 
And  sound  to  my  suTiscribera'  praise 
At  proper  times. — Thom.ns  Lister  made  me,  1738.'' 


240  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

In  1867  this  fine  old  churcli  was  destroyed  by  fire,  nothing  but  the  bare  walls  being 
left  standing.  The  edifice  has,  however,  since  been  carefully  restored  by  the  late  Sir 
Gilbert  Scott,  in  accordance  with  its  original  style  of  architecture,  the  perpendicular. 
The  church,  on  its  restoration,  was  enlarged  by  the  addition  of  one  bay  to  the  nave,  and 
the  consequent  extension  of  the  chancel  ferther  eastward.  Some  of  the  windows  are 
enriched  with  stained  glass,  that  over  the  altar  being  particularly  fine.  The  Eegisters  of 
the  church  date  from  1538. 

Aubrey  relates  that,  in  the  time  of  "  the  rebellion,  one  Blesse  was  hired,  for  2s.  6d. 
per  day,  to  break  the  painted-glass  windows,  which  were  formerly  fine." 

The  old  church  was  unusually  rich  in  monumental  brasses  and  inscriptions ;  even  on 
the  exterior  and  in  the  c.h-.irchyard  were  many  interesting  memorials  for  the  dead.* 
The  inscriptions,  down  to  1782  inclusive,  are  preserved  at  length  in  Ducarel's  "  History  of 
Croydon,"  and  in  the  "  Bibliotheca  Topographica  Britannica; "  those  of  more  modern  date 
are  given  in  Steinman's  "  History  of  Croydon." 

"We  shall  indicate  some  of  the  more  important  monuments,  most  of  which  were 
destroyed  in  the  fire  above  mentioned — a  sad  and  irreparable  loss. 

In  the  middle  chancel,  on  a  sarcophagus  within  an  arched  recess,  the  entablature  of 
which  was  supported  by  Corinthian  columns,  lay  the  painted  effigy  of  Archbishop 
Grindal  in  his  scarlet  robes.     Suruiouuting  the  entablature  were  three  armorial  shields, 

*  The  following  lieautifnl  inscription  in  memory  of  Mr.  WUliam  Bnmet,  who  died  in  1760,  was  formerly  in  the 
churchyard,  but  Steinman  ("  Hist,  of  Croydon,"  p.  210,  1833)  states  it  to  he  now  lost  : — 

"  What  is  Man  ? 
To-day  he's  drest  in  Gold  and  Silver  bright ; 
Wrapt  in  a  Shroud  before  to-morrow  night : 
To-day  he's  feasting  on  delicious  food; 
To-morrow,  nothing  eat  can  do  him  good : 
To-day  he's  nice,  and  scorns  to  feed  on  crumbs  ; 
In  a  few  days,  himself  a  dish  for  worms  : 
To-day  he's  honour'd,  and  in  great  esteem ; 
To-morrow  not  a  beggar  values  him  : 
To-day  he  rises  from  a  velvet  bed ; 
To-morrow  lies  in  one  that's  made  of  lead : 
To-day  his  house,  tho'  large,  he  thinks  too  small ; 
To-morrow  can  command  no  house  at  all : 
To-day  has  twenty  servants  at  his  gate  ; 
To-morrow  scarcely  one  will  deign  to  wait : 
To-day  perfumed,  and  sweet  as  is  the  rose ; 
To-morrow  stinks  in  ev'ry  body's  nose : 
To-day  he's  grand,  majestic,  all  delight ; 
Ghastly  and  pale  before  to-morrow  night. 

Now,  when  you've  wrote  and  said  whate'er  you  can, 
That  is  the  best  that  you  can  say  of  Man." 


CROYDON.  241 

the  centre  shield  bearing  the  arms  of  the  see  of  Canterbury,  the  dexter  shield  those  of  the 
see  of  York,  and  the  sinister  shield  those  of  the  see  of  London.  The  Archbishop 
died  in  1583. 

In  the  south-east  corner  of  St.  Nicholas's  Chantry  was  a  splendid  monument  to  the 
memory  of  Archbishop  Sheldon,  representing  the  recumbent  cfhgy  of  the  prelate  in  his 
archiepiscopal  robes  and  mitre.  The  altar  tomb,  on  which  the  Archbishop  appeared  in  repose, 
was  of  black  marble.  Its  panels  were  enriched  by  some  finely  carved  osteology.  The 
figure  itself  was  of  statuary  marble  beautifully  sculptured :  the  left  hand  sustained  the 
head ;  in  the  right  was  a  crosier.  Above  the  figure  was  an  inscription,  surmounted  by 
cherubim  supporting  an  armorial  shield.  Evelyn  estimated  the  cost  of  this  monument, 
designed  by  Joseph  Latham,  the  city  mason,  and  entirely  executed  by  him  and  his 
English  workmen,  at  from  £700  to  £800.     The  Archbishop  died  at  Croydon  in  1677. 

Ou  the  north  side  of  the  altar,  within  separate  recessed  arches,  were  the  sculptured 
effigies  of  a  man  and  woman  kneeling  before  desks.  This  monument,  with  its  quaint 
inscriptions,  was  a  curious  specimen  of  the  taste  of  the  sixteenth  century.  It  commemo- 
rated "  Maister  Henry  Mill,  Citizen  and  Grocer  of  London  famous  Cittie,  Alderman  and 
sometime  Shrive  (Sheriff):  "  ob.  1573. 

In  St.  Nicholas's  Chantry  were  also  the  tombs  of  the  Archbishops  Wake,  Totter,  and 
Herring,  who  succeeded  each  other,  and  died  respectively  in  1730,  1747,  and  1757.  In 
St.  Mary's  chancel  was  a  fine  tomb  to  members  of  the  Heron  f\nnily.  Another  altar  tomb 
commemorated  Ellis  Davy  (who  died  in  1459),  the  founder  of  an  almshouse  in  Croydon, 
which  will  be  hereafter  noticed. 

Here  also  was  Archbishop  Whitgift's  monument,  which  greatly  resembled  that  of 
Archbishop  Grindal,  it  being  a  sarcophagus,  supported  by  Corinthian  columns  of  black 
marble.  It  presented  the  recumbent  eflSgy  of  the  prelate  in  sable  robes,  with  his  hands  in 
the  act  of  prayer ;  and  its  three  shields  bore  respectively  the  arms  of  the  sees  of  Canter- 
bury and  Worcester  and  the  deanery  of  Lincoln.  On  the  panels  of  the  sarcophagus  were 
the  armorial  bearings  of  the  see  of  Lincoln,  and  of  the  colleges  of  Trinity,  Pembroke,  and 
Peterhouse,  at  Cambridge.  His  Grace  died  in  1604:  his  funeral  was  solemnised  in  a 
manner  suitable  to  the  splendour  in  which  he  had  lived. 

Out  of  the  above  memorials  of  past  greatness  only  the  mutilated  remains  of  the  tombs 
of  Archbishop  Sheldon  and  Whitgift  are  now  left.  They  are  still  in  fragments,  and  at 
present  (1879)  no  efforts  have  been  made  to  restore  them. 

It  appears  by  the  Parish  Eegisters  that  Alexander  Barkley,  or  Barclay,  celebrated  in 
his  day  as  the  author  of  "  The  Ship  of  Fools,"  founded  on  a  satirical  poem  entitled  "  Navis 

VOL.   III.  I  I 


242  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

Stultifera,"  wiitten  by  Sebastian  Brandt,  a  German,  was  buried  in  Croydon  Churchyard 
in  1562.  It  has  not  been  ascertained  whether  England  or  Scotland  was  the  country  of 
Barkley's  nativity.  According  to  his  own  representation  he  lived  at  Croydon  in  the  early 
part  of  his  life.  He  studied  at  Oriel  College,  Oxford,  and  was  afterwards  successively  a 
Benedictine  monk  at  Ely  and  a  Franciscan  at  Canterbury.  Besides  his  "  Ship  of  Fools" 
— a  spirited  picture  of  familiar  manners  and  popular  customs — he  was  the  author  of  several 
Eclogues,  of  Lives  of  some  of  the  Saints,  of  a  pamphlet  against  Skelton,  the  poet-laureate, 
of  several  translations,  &c. 

Of  the  Vicars  of  Croydon,  Roland  Phillips,  D.D.,  collated  1497,  is  entitled  to  notice, 
were  it  only  for  one  memorable  expression.  Preaching  at  St.  Paul's  (of  which  he  was  one 
of  the  canons)  against  printing,  he  exclaimed,  "  We  (the  Eoman  Catholics)  must  root  out 
printing,  or  printing  will  root  out  us  !  "  Dr.  Phillips  was  considered  as  "  a  great  and  a 
renowned  clerk,"  as  "  a  famous  and  notable  preacher,  and  a  forward  man  in  the  Convoca- 
tion of  the  clergy." 

William  Clewer,  D.D.,  collated  in  1660,  "at  the  recommendation  of  Charles  II.,  who 
had  been  imposed  upon  with  regard  to  his  character,"  "  was  notorious  for  his  singular  love 
of  litigation,  unparalleled  extortions,  and  criminal  and  disgraceful  conduct,"  which 
eventually  caused  his  ejectment  from  this  beneiice  in  1684.* 

John  Ireland,   D.D.,  collated    in   1793,  wrote    "five    discourses,  containing   certain 
arguments  for  and  against  the  reception  of  Christianity  by  the  ancient  Jews  and  Greeks, 
1796."     This  divine  was  afterwards  Dean  of  Westminster,  and  the  founder  of  the  Ireland 
Scholarship  in  the  University  of  Oxford. 
Vicars  of  Croydon  since  1816  : — 

l.—John  Cutis  Lochvood,  M.A.,  was  collated  in  1816. 

2. — Henry  Lindsay,  M.A.,  collated  by  the  Archbishop  in  1830. 

3. — John  George  Hodgson,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1846;  resigned  in  1879. 

4:.— Edward  Wyndham  Tufnell,  D.D.  (ex-Bishop  of  Brisbane).     Instituted  in  1879. 
The  old  vicarage-house,  which  adjoined  the  churchyard,  was  erected  on  the  ancient  site 
by  Archbishop  Wake  in  1730,     It  was  pulled  down  about  1847,  and  the  grounds  added 

*  See  "Case  of  the  Inliabitants  of  Croydon,"  quoted  by  Garrow  in  his  "Appendix,"  pp.  304 — 309.  The  subjoined 
anecdote,  from  Captain  Smith's  "  Lives  of  Highwaymen,"  is  offered  as  a  slight,  very  slight,  illustration  of  the  character  of 
this  divine : — "  O'Bryan,  meeting  with  Dr.  Clewer,  tr'^d  once  and  hurnt  in  the  hand  at  the  Old  Bailey  for  stealing  a  silver 
cup,  coming  along  the  road  from  Acton,  he  demanded  his  money ;  but  the  reverend  doctor  having  not  a  farthing  about 
him,  O'Bryan  was  for  taking  his  gown.  At  this  our  divine  was  much  dissatisfied  ;  but,  perceiving  his  enemy  would 
plunder  him,  quoth  he,  '  Pray,  Sir,  let  me  have  a  chance  for  my  gown ; '  so,  jmlliug  a  pack  of  cards  out  of  his  pocket,  he 
farther  said — '  We'll  have,  if  you  please,  one  game  of  all-fours  for  it,  and  if  you  win  it,  take  it  and  wear  it.'  This 
challenge  was  readily  accepted  by  the  foot-pad,  but  being  more  ounniag  than  liis  antagonist  at  slipping  and  palming  the 
cards,  he  won  the  game,  and  the  doctor  went  contentedly  home  without  his  canonicals." 


to  the  chiu'cliyard,  a  new  vicarage  being  at  the  same  time  erected  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
west  of  the  chm-ch,  in  the  hamlet  of  Waddon. 

The  increased  popuktion  of  Croydon  rendering  necessary  additional  places  of  worship 
for  the  Established  Church,  it  was  determined  to  erect  two  chapels-of-ease.  Accordingly 
two  grants  of  £3,500  were  obtained  from  the  Commissioners  for  the  building  of  new 
churches,  partly  from  which,  and  partly  from  loans  to  be  paid  off  by  instalments,  the 
determination  was  carried  into  effect.  In  1827  the  first  stone  of  St.  James's  Church  was 
laid  on  what  was  formerly  known  as  Croydon  Common.  The  church  was  consecrated  in 
1829.  The  building,  of  pale  brick,  is  in  the  pointed  style  of  architecture,  from  a  design 
by  Mr.  K.  Wallace,  architect.  It  consists  of  naye  and  aisles,  with  a  chancel,  and  a  small 
but  rather  lofty  campanile  tower  at  the  west  end.  The  tower  has  pinnacles  at  the  angles, 
with  three  pointed  windows  in  each  face.  The  nave  has  six  windows,  and  the  chancel 
three.  The  galleries  are  supported  on  square  piers.  The  font  is  a  marble  vase  brought 
from  the  mother  chiu'ch.  In  its  general  effect  this  building  is  meagre,  and  deficient  in 
dignity.  This  church  is  a  perpetual  curacy,  in  the  patronage  of  the  Yicar  of  Croydon 
for  the  time  being.  Since  1850  St.  James's  district  has  been  subdivided,  and 
the  following  churches  erected  in  the  districts  attached : — Holy  Trinity,  Selhurst, 
1867 ;  St.  Saviour's,  1867 ;  St.  Luke's,  Woodside,  1871  ;  and  St.  Mary  Magdalene, 
Addiscombe. 

Of  All  Saints'  Church,  on  Beulah  Hill,  Norwood,  erected  from  the  designs  of  J.  Savage, 
architect,  the  foundation  stone  was  laid  in  1827.  This  building  consists  of  nave,  aisles, 
and  chancel.  It  has  a  small  tower  at  each  extremity,  the  west  front  is  adorned  with 
several  richly  crocketed  pinnacles,  and  in  the  centre  are  three  pointed  windows.  The 
aisles  are  divided  by  buttresses  into  six  compartments,  and  in  each  compartment  is  a 
pointed  window.  Occupying  an  elevated  site,  and  having  a  spire  ascending  from  its 
western  tower,  this  church  is  seen  to  advantage  from  several  parts  of  the  county.  All 
Saints'  has  been  enlarged  within  a  recent  date. 

The  following  churches  have  been  built  in  Croydon  within  the  last  thirty  years: — 
St.  Peter's,  with  schools  attached ;  St.  Andrew's,  with  schools  attached ;  Christ  Church, 
with  schools  attached ;  St.  John  the  Evangelist,  Shirley,  with  schools  attached ; 
St.  Paul's,  at  New  Thornton  Heath,  consecrated  in  1872 ;  St.  Matthew's,  in  Lower 
Addiscombe  Eoad,  consecrated  in  1866,  and  enlarged  ia  1877. 

Several  denomiuations  of  Dissenters  have  chapels  and  meeting-houses  at  Croydon. 
No  less  than  eight  buildings  are  set  apart  for  Congregationalists,  five  for  Anabaptists, 
and  foiu'   for  Wesleyans;    whilst  the   Plymouth  Brethren,    TJudenominationalists,    Uni- 


244  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

tarians,  Presbyterians,  and  Primitive  Methodists  liave  each  a  chapel  of  their  own.  The 
Eoman  Catholic  Church  of  St,  Mary,  in  "Wellesley  Eoad,  has  a  large  school  attached 
to  it. 

In  Park  Lane  the  Society  of  Friends  have  an  extensive  establishment,  supported  by 
subscriptions,  and  providing  for  the  maintenance  and  education  of  150  boys  and  girls.  It 
was  in  1825  that  this  excellent  institution  was  removed  hither  from  Islington,  where  it 
had  existed  upwards  of  a  century. 

"Whitgift's  Hospital. — This,  the  noblest  benefaction  in  Croydon,  was  founded  in  the 
reign  of  Elizabeth  by  Archbishop  Whitgift,  "  for  the  maintenance  of  a  warden,  school- 
master, and  twenty-eight  men  and  women,  or  as  many  more  under  forty  as  the  revenues 
would  admit."  In  1849  the  Hospital  was  enlarged,  so  as  to  include  the  full  complement  of 
thirty-nine  inmates.  The  Hospital,  situated  at  the  entrance  of  the  town  from  London,  is 
an  unpretending  quadrangular  brick  edifice  of  the  Elizabethan  style.  Over  the  entrance 
are  the  arms  of  the  see  of  Canterbury,  surmounting  this  inscription: — "  Qvi  dat  pavpeei 

NON   INDIGEBIT." 

The  pious  and  benevolent  founder,  having  obtained  letters-patent,  with  license  of 
mortmain,  from  the  Queen,  dated  1596,  soon  afterwards  commenced  the  building,  and 
finished  it  in  1599,  having  expended  on  the  works  the  sum  of  £2,716  lis.  lid.  The 
original  yearly  revenue  of  the  institution,  arising  chiefly  from  the  Archbishop's  endowment, 
was  only  £185  4s.  2d. ;  but  having  been  greatly  increased  by  fines  on  the  renewal  of 
leases,  and  by  sundry  benefactions,  it  amounted,  in  1817,  to  more  than  £480  ;  and  fixed 
rents  having  been  substituted  iii  lieu  of  all  fines,  it  is  now  upwards  of  £2,000  per 
annum. 

According  to  the  original  statutes  of  the  Hospital,  the  nomination  of  the  brethren  and 
sisters  is  vested  in  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury.  The  number  of  women  was  not  to 
exceed  half  that  of  the  men.  Each  poor  brother  and  sister,  whose  respective  ages  must 
not  be  under  sixty,  is  to  receive  the  sum  of  £5  per  annum,  besides  wood,  corn,  and  other 
provisions.  Amongst  the  crimes  to  be  punished  by  expulsion  are,  "obstinate  heresj^e, 
sorcerye,  any  kind  of  charmynge,  or  witchcrafte."  The  schoolmaster,  who  is  also  chaplain, 
is  to  receive  £20  per  annum,  and  the  warden  £11. 

The  chapel  of  the  Hospital,  a  small  apartment  at  its  south-east  angle,  was  consecrated 
in  1599  by  the  name  of  "  The  Chapel  of  the  Holy  Trinity."  On  the  outside,  over  the 
window  bearing  the  founder's  arms,  is  this  inscription  on  Portland  stone  : — "  Eeoracencis  * 
Hang  Fenestram  Fieri  Fecit,  1597." 

*  Supposed  to  be  Michael  Murgatroid,  Whitgift's  secretary. 


C€^  cV'A^^^ 


In  tlic  chaiicl  arc  some  interesting  remains  :  amongst  tlicm  is  a  portrait  of  the  Arch- 
bishop painted  on  hoard,  and  inscribed  above — 

"  Feci  quod  potui ;  potui  (|uoil,  Clniste,  tUnlisti : 
Improba,  fac  meliiis,  si  potos,  luvidia:" 

below — 

"  Has  Triadi  Sancte  primo  qui  struxerat  ledes, 
Illius  en  veram  Prtesulis  cifigiem."  * 

Also  a  portrait  of  a  lady  in  a  rnff,  dated  a.d.  1016,  oetat.  thirty-eight,  and  sni^posed  to  be 
one  of  the  Archbishop's  daughters. 

In  this  chapel  is  an  outline  delineation,  framed,  of  Death  as  a  skeleton  and  grave- 
digger,  erroneously  described  as  the  "  Dance  of  Death."  There  are  likewise  in  frames 
two  long  elegiac  inscriptions,  one  in  Latin,  the  other  in  English,  in  commemoration  of  tlic 
cliaracter  and  virtues  of  Archbishop  Whitgift. 

Over  the  outer  gate,  in  an  upper  room  called  the  Treasury,  are  preserved,  amongst 
other  documents,  the  original  letters-patent  to  the  founder,  embellished  with  a  drawing  of 
Queen  Elizabeth,  on  vellum,  and  the  Archbishop's  deed  of  foundation,  with  a  di-awiug  of 
himself,  very  beautifully  executed. 

In  the  hall,  on  the  north  side  of  the  inner  porch,  where  the  inmates,  both  male  and 
female,  dine  together  three  times  yearly,  is  a  folio  Bible  in  black  letter,  with  wooden 
covers  mounted  with  brass,  and  a  Latin  inscription  commemorating  its  presentation  by  the 
Eev.  Abraham  Hartwell,  M.A.,  Secretary  to  Ai-chbishop  Whitgift,  and  author  of  several 
literary  works.  It  has  Cranmer's  preface,  and  was  printed  in  1596.  Here,  also,  formerly 
were  three  antique  wooden  goblets  (now  lost),  one  of  which,  holding  about  three  pints, 
bore  this  inscription  : — 

"  Wliat,  sirrah !  kold  tliy  pease ; 
Thirst  satisfied,  cease ! '' 

Contiguous  to  the  Hospital  are  the  school-house  and  the  master's  residence.  "  The 
howse  which  I  have  builded  for  the  sayde  schoole  howse,"  said  the  founder,  "  and  also  the 
howse  which  I  have  buylded  for  the  schoolemaster,  shal  be  for  ever  imployde  to  that  use 
onlye,  and  to  no  other."  Notwithstanding  this,  the  school-house  was  appropriated  to  the 
children  of  the  National  School.     The  master's  house,  however,  is  still  used  in  conformity 

*  The  following  translations  have  been  given  of  each  distich : — 

"  My  all  I  did ;  the  all  allow'd  by  Heaven : 
Envy,  do  more,  if  more  to  thee  be  given." 

"  The  Primate's  breathing  Image  here  you  sec, 
Who  built  this  Structure  to  the  Holij  riirce." 


246  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

ATitli  the  founder's  intention.*  An  upper  and  middle  class  school,  and  also  a  public 
elementary  scliool,  both  on  the  foundation  of  Archbishop  Whitgift's  Hospital,  have  been 
recently  erected.     The  schools  afford  instruction  to  300  boys. 

Archbishop  Tenison's  School. — For  the  endowment  of  this  institution,  originally  at 
North  End,  in  1714  Ai'chbishop  Tenison  purchased  a  farm  and  lands  at  Limpsfield,  in  this 
county,  of  the  then  yearly  value  of  £42,  and  bequeathed  to  it  the  sum  of  £400  to  be  laid 
out  in  land  for  the  extension  of  the  charity.  The  school  was  originally  established  for  ten 
poor  boys  and  an  equal  number  of  girls;  now,  from  the  increase  of  the  revenues,  the 
number  has  been  greatly  augmented.  The  school  was  transferred  to  the  south  end  of  the 
town,  close  to  St.  Peter's  Church,  about  1850. 

Besides  the  above-mentioned  schools,  there  are  now  several  which  have  been  erected 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Croydon  School  Board. 

Ellis  Davy's  Almshouse. — Under  letters-patent  from  Henry  VI.,  Archbishop 
Stratford,  and  the  abbot  and  convent  of  St.  Saviour,  Bermondsey,  Ellis  Davy,  citizen  and 
mercer  of  London,  in  1447  founded  an  Almshouse  in  Croydon  for  seven  poor  people,  men 
and  women,  six  of  whom  were  to  receive  lOd.  per  week  each,  and  the  seventh,  to  be 
called  the  tutor.  Is.  It  was  endowed  with  £18  per  annum,  with  the  rents  of  four 
neighbouring  cottages  for  repairs.  The  vicar,  churchwardens,  and  four  of  the  principal 
inhabitants  of  Croydon  were  appointed  governors,  the  masters  and  wardens  of  the 
Mercers'  Company  overseers.  The  founder  required  that  the  clothes  of  the  tutor  and 
poor  of  his  Almshouse  should  be  "darke  and  browne  of  colour,  and  not  staring,  neither 
biasing,  and  of  easy  price  cloth,  according  to  their  degree;"  that  they  should  attend 
divine  service  daily  in  the  church  of  Croydon,  and  there  "  pray  upon  their  knees,  for  the 
King,  in  three  Paternosters,  three  Aves,  and  a  Credo,  with  special  and  hortily  recommenda- 
tions "  of  the  founder  to  God  and  the  Yirgin  Mary ;  that  they  should  also  say,  for  "  the 
estate  of  all  the  sowls  abovesaid,"  daily  at  their  convenience,  one  ave,  fifteen  paternosters, 
and  three  credos ;  and  that  after  the  death  of  the  founder,  provided  he  should  be  bmied. 
at  Croydon,  they  and  their  successors  should  appear  daily  before  his  tomb,  and  there  say 
the  psalm  Be  Profundis,  or  three  paternosters,  three  aves,  and  a  credo. f 

*  The  National  or  parish.  Charity  School,  alluded  to  above  as  occupying  the  school-house  adjoining  and  belonging 
to  Archbishop  Whitgift's  Hospital,  was  established  in  1812,  upon  the  principle  of  the  late  Dr.  BeU. 

Here  is  also  a  school  upon  the  Lancastrian  system,  established  in  the  same  year,  for  education  of  indigent  children  of 
all  persuasions.     The  present  school-house,  situated  at  North  End,  was  built  in  1829. 

Besides  these  there  are  a  school  of  industrj'  for  girls,  conducted  in  the  palace  chapel,  and  an  infants'  school,  under  the 
patronage  of  the  ladies.     These  establishments  are  all  suppoi1;ed  by  voluntary  contributions. 

+  The  Statutes  of  Davy's  Almshouse,  which  exhibit  a  curious  picture  of  the  moral  and  religious  feeling  of  the  times, 
maybe  found  at  length  in  Steinman's  "  Croydon,"  Appendix  VII.  page  267  ;  in  Archbishop  Morton's  Register  ;  and  in  the- 
Appendix  to  Ducarel's  "  History  of  Croydon." 


CROi'DOX.  247 

The  present  building,  situated  near  the  clmrch,  and  plain  and  humble  in  appearance, 
■was  raised  about  a  hundi-ed  years  ago.  The  Almshouses  were  enlarged  in  1875,  and  tln" 
number  of  inmates  increased  to  twelve. 

In  the  Little  Almshouses  in  Pitlake  the  poor  of  Croydon  are  usually  placed.  Tlicy 
must  have  been  originally  built  previously  to  1528,  as  in  that  year  a  rent-charge  of  20s. 
was  given  to  them  by  Joan  Price.  In  1629  Arnold  Goldwell  gave  £40  towards  their 
re-erection;  in  1722  they  were  described  as  "nine  small  low  inconvenient  houses;'' 
and  in  1775  they  were  enlarged  by  the  addition  of  two  new  buildings  for  twelve  poor 
residents,  with  funds  supplied  by  the  then  Earl  of  Bristol,  and  a  subscription  raised 
amongst  the  inhabitants.     These  Almshouses  are  situated  near  the  church. 

The  EoTAL  Masonic  Benevolent  Institution,  St.  James's  Eoad,  was  founded  in 
1850  for  the  relief  of  Freemasons  or  then-  widows.  The  building  is  of  brick  and  stone, 
in  the  Elizabethan  style  of  architecture. 

The  Croydon  General  Hospital,  in  London  Eoad,  was  opened  in  1873  by  the 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  and  contains  accommodation  for  thirty-five  patients.  The 
Hospital  was  originally  established  in  1867  in  the  old  workhouse  infirmary. 

Amongst  the  benefactions  to  the  parish  may  be  mentioned  one  of  £10  10s.  per  annum 
from  Archbishop  Laud  for  apprenticing  poor  boys,  and  also  the  rent  of  the  Hermitage 
estate,  about  £3-1  yearly,  which  is  distributed  amongst  the  poor. 

The  town  of  Croydon  had  a  market  on  Wednesdays,  obtained  by  Archbishop  Kilwardby 
in  the  reign  of  Edward  I. ;  and  a  fair,  which  began  on  the  eve  of  St.  Botolph,  and  lasted 
nine  days.  Another  market,  on  Thursdays,  was  granted  to  Archbishop  Eeyuolds  by 
Edward  II.,  and  a  fair  on  the  eve  and  morrow  of  St.  Matthew.  A  third  market,  on 
Saturdays  (the  only  one  now  continued),  was  granted  by  Edward  III.  to  Archbishop 
Stratford,  and  a  fair  on  the  festival  of  St.  John  the  Baptist.  The  fairs  are  now  held  on 
the  2nd  of  October  for  cattle,  horses,  and  sheep,  and  in  July  for  wool. 

By  the  Eeform  Act  (2  Wm.  IV.  c.  45)  Croydon  was  appointed  one  of  the  polling 
places  for  the  eastern  division  of  the  county.  Its  population,  at  the  census  of  1871,  was 
65,000,  and  is  now  (1879)  computed  to  reach  70,000,  in  which  case  it  ranks  as  the  largest 
unrepresented  town  in  England.  Upwards  of  eight  hundred  houses  were  placed  on  the 
rate-book  in  1878  alone. 

The  Town-hall  is  a  stone  edifice,  with  columns  of  the  Doric  order  in  the  lower  part, 
and  of  the  Ionic  in  the  upper.  It  is  surmounted  by  a  cupola,  with  a  turret  and  clock, 
its  upper  story  comjDrising  a  court  for  the  trial  of  civil  causes  at  the  assizes  (held 
alternately  here  and  at  Guildford),  Avith  rooms  for  the  Judges,  Sheriff,  and  grand  jury.     The 


248  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

building  also  contains  offices  for  tkc  Local  Board  of  Health,  &c.  The  magistrates  of  the 
division  hold  petty  sessions  here  eA'ery  Saturday,  and  the  County  Court  is  also  held 
fortnightly.  The  ground  floor  is  reserved  for  a  corn  market,  but  during  the  assizes  it  is 
occupied  as  the  Criminal  Court.  This  building  (first  opened  in  1809,  and  repaired  in 
1829)  was  erected  from  a  design  by  Mr.  Samuel  Pepys  Cockerell.  The  expense,  upwards 
of  £8,000,  was  defrayed  from  the  proceeds  of  certain  waste  lauds  belonging  to  the  parish, 
and  disposed  of  by  Act  of  Parliament  in  1806. 

The  old  market-house  for  butter,  poultry,  &c.,  built  in  1566,  at  the  cost  of  Francis 
Tirrell,  citizen  and  grocer,  a  native  of  Croydon,  was  pulled  down  in.  1807.  The  present 
structure  (situated  in  High  Street)  was  raised  ia  1808,  at  an  expense  of  £1,219,  derived 
from  the  same  source  as  that  of  the  Town-hall. 

The  Union  Workhouse,  in  Queen's  Eoad,  is  for  paupers  from  the  following  eleven 
parishes  or  places : — Addington,  Beddington,  Coulsdon,  Croydon,  Merton,  Mitcham, 
Mordon,  Penge,  Sanderstead,  Wallington,  and  Woodmansterne. 

The  Barracks,  built  in  1794,  at  the  entrance  of  the  town  from  Mitcham,  were  originally 
intended  only  as  a  temporary  station  for  cavalry.  However,  they  contain  accommodation 
for  thi-ee  troops,  Avith  a  "hosj)ital  for  34  patients,  stabling  for  192  horses,  a  store-room 
for  1,000  sets  of  harness,  with  field  equipments,  riding-house,  and  the  accustomed  offices." 
The  barracks  are  now  iised  by  the  2nd  SuiTey  Eifle  Yolunteers. 

A  Canal  was  opened  at  Croydon  in  1809.  After  running  from  the  north  end  of  the 
town  through  Norwood,  Penge  Common,  Sydenham,  Forest  Wood,  and  New  Cross,  it 
united  with  the  Thames  at  Eotherliithe.  Not  paying  its  expenses,  it  was  purchased  by 
the  Croydon  Eailway  Company,  and  the  upper  part,  having  been  filled  up,  now  forms  a 
portion  of  the  railway  line. 

In  1846  the  population  of  Croydon  amounted  to  about  16,000  souls;  it  is  now,  as 
stated  above,  estimated  at  about  70,000,  and  still  rapidly  increasing.  This  vast  increase 
in  the  population  of  late  years  is  attributed  by  the  Eegistrar  General  to  "the  great 
facilities  afforded  by  railway  communication ; "  but  to  this  may  be  added  the  general 
salubrity  of  the  locality  and  the  natural  beauties  of  the  surrounding  country.  Croydon 
is  now  the  largest  suburban  town  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Loudon,  and  its  railway  com- 
munication with  the  metropolis  is  both  rapid  and  complete,  the  trains  between  Croydon  and 
London  being  upwards  of  four  hundi-ed  a  day,  and  there  being  no  less  than  eight  stations 
in  the,  town  and  parish,  namely,  the  West  Croydon,  East  Croydon,  South  Croydon,  New 
Croydon,  Addiseombe  Eoad,  Selhurst,  Waddon,  and  Thornton  Heath,  which  place  the 
inhabitants  within  easy  reach  of  London  Bridge,  Charing  Cross,  or  Victoria  Station. 


ADDINGTON.  24, 

Like  most  other  towns  of  note,  Croydon  has  a  Literary  and  Scientific  Institution, 
which  was  founded  in  1838.  The  new  public  hall  and  rooms  in  connection  with  the 
institution  are  in  Wellesley  Eoad. 

The  town  also  possesses  a  commodious  theatre,  which,  with  the  market  for  meat  an(^ 
vegetables,  occupies  the  place  of  the  old  public  lecture  hall.  There  are  likewise  some 
spacious  batlis,  and  also  working  men's  clubs.  The  town  is  well  paved,  lighted  with  gas, 
drained,  and  has  an  excellent  supply  of  water. 

Tradition  states  that  James  I.,  the  fii'st  founder  of  regulations  respecting  horse-racing, 
held  Croydon  and  Enfield  Chase  in  great  estimation  as  resorts  for  his  favourite  pursuit. 

In  the  Appendix  to  Garrow's  "History  of  Croydon  "  are  lists  of  rare  plants  growing  in 
this  vicinity,  and  of  various  fossils  found  in  the  chalk  at  the  neighbouring  gravel-pits. 


ADDINGTON. 

Addington  is  situated  on  the  eastern  confines  of  the  county,  about  three  miles  cast- 
south-east  from  Croydon,  at  the  foot  of  a  range  of  hills  to  which  it  gives  the  name  of 
Addington  Common.  The  parish  borders  on  that  of  Croydon  on  the  west  and  north  ;  on 
Beckenham  and  West  Wickham,  in  Kent,  on  the  east ;  and  on  Farley  and  Sauderstead  on 
the  south.    The  soil  is  in  general  gravelly,  but  in  some  places  consists  of  clay  or  chalk. 

Antiquaries  may  feel  interested  in  the  fact  that  in  the  common  above  the  village  of 
Addington  might  be  traced,  till  the  middle  of  the  present  century,  nearly  five-and- twenty 
tumuli,  out  of  which  fragments  of  urns,  &c.,  have  occasionally  been  taken.  Most  of  the 
tumuli  were  small,  but  one  of  them  was  nearly  40  feet  in  diameter. 

It  is  a  tradition  of  the  inhabitants  that  Addington  was  formerly  of  much  greater 
extent  than  at  present.  In  ]278  Eobert,  sou  of  William  de  Aguilon,  who  had  been 
Sheriff  of  Surrey  from  1261  to  1267,  and  was  then  made  Governor  of  Guildford  Castle, 
obtained  the  royal  license  to  embattle  his  house  at  this  place,  the  King  at  the  same  time 
granting  him  free-warren  in  his  manor  of  Addington.  Agreeably  with  this  statement,  a 
hill  near  the  church  retains  the  name  of  Castle  HUl,  and  formerly  timbers  and  other 
remains  of  buildings  were  occasionally  dug  up  here.  The  mansion  of  Eobert  de  Aguilon 
is  believed  to  have  been  the  manorial  residence  until  the  close  of  the  fourteenth  century  ; 
and  it  appears,  from  the  following  inscription  over  the  principal  entrance,  that  a  new  house 
was  erected  on  the  same  spot  between  1400  and  1403  ;  but  the  latter  structure,  composed 
of  flints  and  chalk,  was  pulled  down  about  1780  : — 

"  In  fourteen  hundred  and  none  there  was  neither  stick  nor  stone  ; 
In  foiirteen  hundred  and  three  the  goodly  building  -n-hich  you  see." 


-zso  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

Here  were  two  manors,  each,  named  Eddintone  at  the  time  of  the  Doomsday 
survey,  which,  are  thus  described  : — 

"  In  Waleton  Hundred,  Albert  the  Clerk  holds  of  the  King  Eddintone,  which,  was 
held  by  Osward  of  King  Edward.  It  was  then  assessed  at  8  hides ;  now,  at  2  hides.  The 
arable  land  amounts  to  4  carucates.  Two  are  in  the  demesne;  and  five  villains,  and 
four  cottars,  with  \\  carucates.  The  wood  yields  twenty  swine.  In  the  time  of  King 
Edward,  as  at  present,  it  was  valued  at  100s." 

"  Tezelin  the  Cook  holds  of  the  King  Edintone,  which  Godric  held  of  Edward  the 
Confessor.  It  was  then  assessed  at  8  hides ;  now,  at  1  hide.  The  arable  land  consists 
of  4  carucates.  There  are  in  the  demesne  2  carucates ;  and  eight  villains,  and  nine  cottars, 
with  2\  carucates.     The  wood  yields  twenty  swine.     It  was  and  is  worth  100s." 

The  manor  of  Addington,  held  by  the  King's  cook,  furnishes  an  example  of  the  tenure 
of  estates  by  sergeanty,  which  has  been  continued  to  the  present  time.  Erom  the  Testa  de 
Nevill  (the  most  valuable  record  of  the  state  of  landed  property  in  England  next  to  the 
Doomsday  Book)  we  learn  that  Bartholomew  de  Chennay,  or  Chesnaye,  held  of  the  King 
a  certain  part  of  Addington,  per  serjanciam  Coquince  ;  that  Eichard  I.  had  given  the  manor, 
with  the  daughter  of  Bartholomew,  to  Peter  Fitz-Alwin  ;  and  that  King  John  bestowed  it 
on  Ealph  Parmentar,  with  the  daughter  of  Peter :  in  the  time  of  Henry  III.  it  had  fallen 
back  into  the  hands  of  the  King.  In  the  same  record  it  is  stated  that  William  Aguilon 
held  certain  land  in  Addington  by  the  sergeanty  of  making  hastias  in  the  King's  kitchen  on 
the  day  of  his  coronation,  or  providing  some  one  as  his  deputy  to  make  a  dish  called  girunt, 
and,  if  suet  was  added,  it  was  called  malpigernoun* 

The  manor  passed  from  the  Aguilons  by  the  marriage  of  Isabel,  daughter  of  Eobert 
Aguilon,  with  Hugh  Bardolf,  whose  descendants  held  it  temp.  Henry.  IV.  Philippa,  queen 
of  Edward  III.,  received  the  profits  of  this  manor,  by  the  grant  of  her  husband,  from  the 
death  of  John  Bardolf,  in  1364,  to  her  decease  in  1369,  after  which  the  King  enjoyed 
them  during  the  minority  of  William,  son  of  the  aforesaid  John  Bardolf.     In  1367  the 

*  Tlie  dish  is  mentioned  by  various  names,  and  it  was  to  be  prepared,  we  are  told,  m  olla  lutea.  By  some  it  is 
called  giranit,  or  gyroun ;  and  if  seijm  (a  Saxon  word  for  fat)  were  put  in,  it  was  called  malpigernoun.  Wben  the  manor 
was  held  by  the  Bardolfs  in  the  reign  of  Edward  III.,  it  was  said,  in  stating  the  service,  that  the  lord  «  was  to  provide 
three  dishes  ;  one  for  the  King,  one  for  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  and  the  other  for  whoever  the  King  pleased." 
Lysons,  in  his  "  Environs,"  observes  that  he  cannot  find  that  there  exists  any  ancient  receipt  for  making  the  mess,  unless 
it  be  that  called  Bardolf  in  a  collection  of  ancient  cookery  receipts  in  the  fourteenth  century,  printed  at  the  end  of  the 
"  Royal  Household  Establishments,"  published  by  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  in  1790.  It  was  called  a  pottage,  and 
consisted  of  almond  milk,  brawn  of  capons,  sugar,  and  spices,  chicken  parboiled  and  chopped,  &c.  The  service,  as  we 
have  said,  is  still  kept  up  ;  and  "  a  dish  of  pottage  "  is  always  presented,  by  the  lord  of  the  manor  of  Addington,  to  the 
sovereign  at  his  or  lier  coronation.  It  appears,  fi-om  an  account  of  the  coronation  of  James  II.,  that  it  was  customary  for 
the  King,  on  receiving  the  dish,  to  confer  the  honour  of  knighthood  on  the  lord  of  the  manor  of  Bardolf.  (Vide  Lysons, 
"  Environs,"  vol.  i.  pp.  5,  C.) 


ADDINGTOX.  231 

Queeu  granted  tho  -wardship  and  marriage  of  this  AYilliani  Bardolf  to  Sir  Michael  Poyuings, 
^yith  the  view  of  his  marrying  Agnes,  daughter  of  Sir  Michael.  This  he  afterwards  did, 
and  had  livery  of  his  lauds.  Thomas,  Lord  Bardolf,  his  son,  joined  the  Earl  of  North- 
umberland in  the  insurrection  against  Henry  IV.  in  1404.  They  were  attacked  by  tho 
King's  troops,  under  Sir  Thomas  Eokeby,  near  Thirsk,  when  Northumberland  fell,  and 
Bardolf,  being  wounded  and  taken  prisoner,  died  soon  after.  His  body  was  quartered  and 
set  on  the  gates  of  several  towns,  but  his  widow  obtained  the  King's  leave  to  take  the 
quarters  down  and  bury  them.  He  was  attainted,  and  his  estates  were  seized ;  but  he  had 
previously  settled  the  manor  of  Addington  on  his  younger  son  "William.  Soon  after  1424 
the  manor  became  vested  in  William  Uvedale,  but  whether  as  a  purchaser,  or  as  a  trustee 
for  the  two  daughters  of  William  Bardolf,  does  not  appear.  It  next  passed,  by  purchase, 
to  John  Leigh,  or  At  Lee,  who  had  other  possessions  in  the  parish  :  he  died  in  1479. 
Nicholas,  his  grandson,  married  Ann,  eldest  daughter  of  Sir  Nicholas  Carew.  John,  the 
son  of  Nicholas,  built  the  mansion  called  Addington  Place  in  1544.  He  married  Joan, 
daughter  of  James  OUiph,  of  West  Wickham,  and,  dying  in  1576,  was  succeeded  by  his 
eldest  son.  Sir  OUiph  Leigh,  from  whom  the  manor  descended  to  Sir  John  Leigh,  who  died 
without  surviving  issue  in  1737 ;  and  a  will  which  he  had  made  in  favour  of  the  relations 
of  his  second  wife  being  set  aside,  his  estates,  by  a  decree  of  the  House  of  Lords  in  1744, 
were  given  to  Mrs.  Bennett  and  Mrs.  Spencer,  the  daughters  of  his  uncle,  Wolley  Leigh, 
Esq.  In  1767  an  Act  of  Parliament  was  obtained  for  vesting  these  estates  in  trustees,  for 
the  purpose  of  making  a  division  of  them,  in  consequence  of  which.  Addington,  with  other 
property,  was  assigned  to  Mrs.  Spencer  in  1768.  In  the  same  year  this  lady  and  her 
eldest  son,  Wolley  Leigh  Spencer,  sold  the  manor  of  Addington,  the  mansion,  rectory,  and 
advowson  of  the  vicarage,  with  all  the  farms  and  lauds,  to  Barlow  Trecothick,  Esq., 
Alderman  of  London,  and  Lord  Mayor  in  1770,  for  £38,500.  In  the  particulars  of  sale 
the  lands  were  computed  at  5,000  acres,  of  which  about  500  were  wood  and  1,000  waste.* 
In  1770  Mr.  Trecothick,  having  lost  his  first  wife,  married  Ann  Meredith,  of  Hcnbury, 
in  Cheshire,  and  settled  on  her  au  annuity  for  life,  payable  out  of  this  estate.  Leaving  no 
issue,  Mr.  Trecothick  devised  the  Addington  property  to  his  nephew,  James  Ivors,  who 
took  the  name  and  arms  of  Trecothick,  The  alderman  died  in  1775.  In  1803  his  nephew 
sold  this  estate  in  lots,  when  the  manor,  mansion-house,  rectory,  advowson,  and  same  of 
the  lands  were  sold  to  Thomas  Coles,  Esq.,  whose  son  William,  in  1808,  transferred  the 
same,  by  sale,  to  the  trustees  of  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  and  Addington  Park  thus 

*  On  the  enclosure  of  Croydon  Common  in  1797  a  large  part  of  the  common  between  AddLsconibe  and  Addington 
was  claimed  by  Mr.  Trecothick  in  right  of  his  manor  of  Addington,  and  on  a  trial  the  claim  was  admitted  to  be  just. 

K   K   2 


252  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

became  tlie  property  of  the  primate  for  the  time  being,  instead  of  the  old  palace  at  Croydon, 
which  was  sold  under  the  authority  of  an  Act  of  Parliament. 

There  was  in  Addington  another  manor,  which  Mr.  Manning  represents  as  the  same 
with  that  held  by  Albert  the  Clerk  at  the  time  of  the  Doomsday  survey.  This  statement,  at 
best,  is  doubtful,  for  that  manor  was  held  of  the  King  in  capite,  whilst  the  manor  to  which 
Manning  refers  was,  as  he  himself  informs  us,  subordinate  to  that  of  Croydon,  belonging  to 
the  see  of  Canterbury.  Walter  de  Merton  gave  this  manor  to  the  Knights  Templars,  to 
hold  of  the  Archbishop's  manor  of  Croydon  by  the  payment  of  a  rent  of  32s.  Id.  This 
order  having  been  dissolved  in  the  reign  of  Edward  II.,  an  Act  of  Parliament  was  passed 
in  1324,  whereby  the  estates  of  the  Templars  in  this  country  were  granted  to  the 
Hospitallers  or  Knights  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem,  who  held  Addington  till  the  suppression 
of  their  order  in  England  in  1540.  A  lease  of  this  manor  had  been  granted  in  1523  to  a 
person  named  Middleton,  who  in  1540  sold  it  to  Nicholas  Leigh,  Esq.,  who  held  the  other 
manor  of  Addington,  and  he  obtained  from  the  King  a  grant  in  fee  of  this  manor,  dated 
1545. 

There  was  here  a  third  manor  or  estate  belonging  to  the  monastery  of  St.  Mary  Overie, 
in  Southwark,  to  which  were  annexed  the  rectory  and  advowson  of  the  church.  It  was 
rated  at  10s.  Twelve  acres  of  land  in  this  parish  were  held  by  that  convent,  on  condition 
of  keeping  a  lamp  burning  by  night  in  the  church.  This  estate,  including  the  ad^-owson, 
is  said  to  have  been  the  gift  of  Bartholomew  de  Kaisnet,*  probably  the  person  who  in  the 
Testa  de  Nevill  is  called  Bartholomew  de  Chesney,  lord  of  the  principal  manor  held  of  the 
Crown  by  sergeanty  :  the  land,  therefore,  was  originally  a  portion  of  that  manor,  which, 
reverting  to  the  King  when  the  convent  was  suppressed,  was  included  with  the  manor  of 
the  Templars  in  the  grant  of  Henry  VIII.  to  Nicholas  Leigh,  Esq. 

Addington  Park. — Addington  Park  and  mansion,  the  country  residence  of  the 
Archbishops  of  Canterbury,  with  several  farms  and  woods,  were  purchased,  as  abeady 
stated,  in  1807  by  Archbishop  Sutton,  with  trust  moneys  of  the  see  assigned  for  the 
purpose  of  its  conversion  into  an  archiepiscopal  abode.  Contiguous  lands  were  added  by 
purchases  made  with  similar  funds  by  Dr.  Howley,  his  successor  in  the  see. 

The  mansion  was  built  by  Mr.  Alderman  Trecothick,  but  in  1829-30  a  chapel,  a  librar)'^, 
and  many  other  apartments  were  added,  and  the  residence  was  greatly  improved,  the  cost 
being  defrayed  chiefly  by  moneys  raised  by  a  mortgage  on  the  revenues  of  the  archiepiscopal 
see,  and  a  fund  applicable  to  the  erection  of  a  chapel.  Altogether  this  mansion  is  now  one 
of  the  most  convenient  houses  for  a  large  family  that  could  well  be  contrived.     The  rooms, 

*  Dugdale's  "  Monastieon." 


ADDIXGTOX.  253 

though  not  TOiy  large,  are  of  good  proportion  and  y,\A\  arranged.  The  liousc  has  been 
but  slightly  altered  since  Dr.  Howley's  time. 

From  many  parts  of  the  park,  which  is  beautifully  situated  at  the  foot  of  the  slope  of 
the  Addington  hills,  delightful  views  are  commanded,  extending  over  Surrey  and  Kent. 
It  is  considered  to  be  eminently  healthy,  and,  as  there  is  no  public  road  through  the  park, 
it  seems  to  be  a  retirement  admirably  calculated  for  its  dignified  owner. 

The  Rectory,  Vicarage,  and  Church. — Though  not  mentioned  in  the  Doomsday 
survey,  it  is  supposed  that  there  was  a  church  at  Addington  previously  to  the  Conquest. 
The  rectory,  with  the  church,  and  the  Chapel  of  All  Saints,  formerly  annexed  to  it  (the 
patronage  of  which  belonged  to  Reginald  de  Edintone,  or  Edindone),  was  given  by 
Bartholomew  de  Chesney  to  the  priory  of  St.  Mary  Overy.  In  the  sixteenth  century  it 
was  granted  to  Nicholas  Leigh,  and  has  passed  with  the  principal  estate  ever  since. 

The  benefice  is  now  a  vicarage  in  the  rural  deanery  of  Croydon,  in  the  diocese  of 
Canterbury,  and  in  the  patronage  of  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury.  It  "is  assessed  at 
10  marks  in  the  Valor  of  Edward  I,;  is  rated  in  the  King's  books  at  £4  16s.  5id. ;  and 
pays  for  synodals  to  the  bishop  2s.  Id.  The  vicar  had,  formerly,  half  of  the  small  tithes 
of  Aguilon's  manor,  and  the  20th  of  the  sheaves  belonging  to  the  manor  of  St.  Mary  Overie, 
but  nothing  from  the  Templars'  manor,  nor  from  the  12  acres  out  of  which  the  Priory  of 
St.  Mary  Overie  kept  a  lamp  burning  in  the  church."  * 

The  church,  dedicated  to  St.  Mary,  is  a  small  structure,  "  originally  of  flint,  with  the 
window-cases  of  friable  stone."  The  exterior  walls  of  the  body  of  the  church  were 
rebuilt  with  brick  by  Alderman  Trecothick  about  1773.  At  the  west  end  is  a  large 
square  tower  embattled,  and  containing  four  bells :  this  was  originally  of  flint,  but  has 
been  mostly  renewed  with  brickwork.  The  whole  fabric,  however,  is  now  cased  with 
flint.  The  north  and  south  aisles  are  separated  from  the  nave  by  plain  pointed  arches, 
supported  by  massy  pillars.  These,  with  the  chancel,  are  thought  to  be  coeval  with 
the  original  building:  the  windows  in  the  north  wall  appear  to  be  of  the  time  of 
Edward  III.,  when  the  church  is  understood  to  IiaA'e  been  in  a  great  measure  rebuilt.  In 
the  chancel  are  several  lancet  windows,  and  there  are  two  others  in  the  south  aisle.  The 
chm-ch  contaias  a  large  monument  to  Mr.  Alderman  Trecothick,  who  rebuilt  the  outer 
walls  and  new-pewed  the  edifice. 

In  1843  Addington  Chiu-ch  was  thoroughly  repaii-ed — it  may  almost  be  said  renovated 
— internally  and  externally,  at  the  expense  of  Archbishop  Howley,  and  a  new  stone  font 
was   put    in.      The   church    now   contains    sittings    for    300   worshippers.      In    1878 

*  Jlanninp;,  "  Surrey,''  vol.  ii.  p.  50:"!. 


254  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

tlie  large  west  window  in  the  tower  was  filled  in  with  stained  glass,  as  a  memorial  of  the 
late  Eev.  Cranfurd  Tait,  the  subject  being  the  Ascension  of  our  Lord.  Of  the  numerous 
old  monuments  with  which  this  structure  was  formerly  emiched  many  are  entirely  lost, 
and  most  of  those  that  remain  are  in  a  very  dilapidated  state.*  This  church  was 
restored  in  1876,  at  a  cost  of  £5,000,  from  the  designs  of  Mr.  Piers  St.  Aubyn.  The 
work  of  restoration  included  the  building  of  a  new  north  aisle  and  a  vestry;  the 
reroofing  of  the  whole  church,  with  the  exception  of  the  chancel ;  the  raising  of  the  tower 
and  opening  it  into  the  nave  ;  and  the  entire  reseating  of  the  body  of  the  church.  Much 
has  also  been  done  in  the  way  of  internal  improvement  and  decoration. 

Against  the  north  wall  is  a  costly  monument  of  alabaster  and  black  marble,  erected  by 
Sir  OUiph  Leigh  to  his  father  and  mother.  In  the  upper  part  are  two  arches,  imder  one 
of  which  are  kneeling  figures  of  John  Leigh,  Esq.  (father  of  Sir  OUiph),  who  died  in  1576, 
and  his  wife  Joan,  daughter  and  heiress  of  Sir  John  Olliph.  Under  the  other  arch  are 
figures  in  the  same  posture  of  Nicholas  Leigh,  the  grandfather,  who  died  in  1565,  and  his 
Avife  Anne,  daughter  of  Sir  Nicholas  Carew.  The  figures  are  in  the  habits  of  their  time, 
and  in  proper,  but  now  faded,  colours.  Underneath  is  a  recumbent  statue  of  Sir  Olliph 
Leigh,  who  erected  the  monument,  and  who  died  in  1612.  He  is  represented  as  com- 
pletely armed,  and  reclining  upon  his  elbow.  In  a  lower  compartment  is  the  effigy  of  his 
wife  Jane,  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Browne,  of  Betchworth,  Ent.,  leaniag  on  her  right 
hand,  with  a  book  in  her  left. 

In  the  north-east  corner  of  the  chancel  is  an  altar  tomb  of  Sussex  marble,  on  which  are 
engraved  brasses  of  a  man  and  woman  in  a  standing  posture,  with  their  hands  closed  as  in 
prayer,  and  supi^licatory  labels  issuing  from  their  lips:t  beneath  are  the  figures  of  five 
children.  The  slab  is  decorated  with  the  arms  and  quarterings  of  the  Leighs  and  Harveys, 
the  whole  being  surrounded  with  an  inscribed  border  of  brass,  showing  that  this  tomb  was 
raised  in  memory  of  John  Leigh,  Esq.,  who  died  in  1509,  and  Isabel,  his  wife,  sister  of  Sir 
George  Harvey :  she  died  in  1544.  Above  this  tomb  is  the  monument  of  Sarah,  wife  of 
Sir  Francis  Leigh,  and  of  her  mother,  Elizabeth  Level,  sister  of  Henry  Guy,  Esq.,  of  Tring, 
in  Hertfordshire,  who  died  in  1691. 

On  a  slab  near  the  communion-table  is  a  brass  figure  of  a  man  in  armour,  and  under- 
neath an  inscription  in  black  letter  to  Thomas  Hatteclyff',  Esq.,  "  su'tyme  one  of  y^  fowre 
masters  of  the  howsholde  to  our  sov'aigne  Lord   Kyng  Henry  y^  VIII."     Amongst  the 

*  Many  of  the  inscriptions,  no  longer  risible  in  the  church,  are  preserved  in  Manning  and  Bray's  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii. 
pp.  363—365. 

+  Bearing  a  remarliable  resemblance  to  these  are  two  small  detached  brasses  preserved  in  the  neighbouring  churoh- 
of  Sanderstead. 


CHALDON.  235 

other  memorials  are  some  neat  mural  tablets  of  modern  date.  Arcliblshops  JManners- 
Sutton  and  Howlcy  are  buried  in  vaults  underneath  the  chiu'ch,  and  Ai'chbislioi)s  Sunmcr 
and  Longley  in  graves  in  the  chui-chyard. 

Various  hatchments,  armour,  &c.,  commemorative  of  persons  interred  here,  appear  in 
the  chancel.     The  Kegisters  of  this  church  commence  in  1559. 

Vicars  of  Addiugton  in  and  since  1800  : — 

1. — Henry  James  Todd,  M.A.     Eesigned  in  1820. 

2. — John  Collinson  Bissett.     Instituted  in  1821. 

3. — Matthew  Thomas  Farrer.     Instituted  in  1843. 

4. —  William  Benham,  M.A.     Instituted  in  18G7. 

5. — ■ErsJcine  William  Knollys,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1873. 

A  school  chapel  was  built  in  Addiugton  parish  in  1873;  and  a  Working  Man's  Club 
has  also  been  since  opened. 

In  the  little  district  of  Shirley,  situated  between  the  village  of  Addington  and  the  town 
of  Croydon,  is  a  new  district  church  dedicated  to  St.  John,  built  by  local  subscriptions, 
aided  by  the  Church  Building  Society,  at  the  cost  of  £1,300.  It  was  consecrated  by  the 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury  in  1835.  It  is  a  plain  structure,  with  sittings  for  230  persons. 
Near  Shirley  Church  are  a  good  house  for  the  residence  of  the  curate,  and  a  small  school 
for  children. 

A  large  house  has  been  built  on  the  Ballards  estate,  which  formerly  belonged  to 
W.  Hoje&nan,  Esq.,  by  Charles  Goschen,  Esq.,  who  also  bought  the  Heathfield  estate. 
His  brother,  "W.  H.  Goschen,  Esq.,  lives  at  Heathfield  House. 

The  number  of  acres  in  this  parish,  estimated  and  tithable,  is  about  3,900.  The  com- 
muted rent-charge  is  as  follows :— Eectorial  tithes,  £600  ;  vicarial  ditto,  £208  5s.  About 
half  an  acre  of  glebe  land  belongs  to  this  vicarage,  but  there  is  no  glebe  house. 

On  Thunderfield  Common,  in  this  parish,  is  a  circular  encampment  encompassed  by  a 
double  moat,  enclosing  about  2  acres  of  ground. 


CHALDON. 

This  parish,  lying  on  the  north  side  of  the  chalk  hills  which  intersect  the  county,  is 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Coulsdon,  on  the  east  by  Caterham,  on  the  south  by  Bletchinglcy, 
and  on  the  west  by  Merstham  and  Chipstead.  Through  the  parish  extends  a  road  called 
in  old  deeds  the  "ancient  Stansted,"  supposed  to  have  been  of  Eoman  construction.     At 


256  HISTORV  OF  SURREF. 

the  foot  of  the  hill  in  Chaldon  are  stone  quarrieSj  which  in  the  time  of  Edward  III. 
belonged  to  the  Crown,  and  were  considered  of  so  much  importance  that  they  were  placed 
under  the  charge  of  a  bailiff  specially  appointed.*     They  are  not  now  worked. 

The  manor  is  thus  described  in  the  Doomsday  Book : — "  The  same  Kalph  [de  Felgeres] 
holds  of  the  Bishop  (of  Baieux)  Calvedone,t  which  Derinc  held  of  Zing  Edward.  It  was 
then  assessed  at  2  hides :   now  at  the  same.    The  arable  land  amounts  to  2  carucates :  and 

there  are  in  the  demesne ;  and  there  is  a  Church.    In  the  time  of  King  Edward  it 

was  valued  at  40s. ;  afterwards  at  20s. ;  and  now  at  £4." 

In  the  reign  of  Henry  II.  this  manor,  with  the  advowson,  belonged  to  Sir  Eichard 
Covert,  said  to  have  been  the  son  of  Bartholomew  Covert,  who  came  into  England  with  the 
Norman  Conqueror,  and  obtained  from  him  large  estates  in  Sussex.  Eoger  Covert,  or 
de  Covert,  sixth  in  descent  from  Sir  Eichard,  conveyed  the  estate  to  Sir  John  Haunsard, 
and  Gundreda  his  wife,  for  their  joint  lives,  in  1275,  and  it  reverted  to  the  Coverts  in  or 
before  1298,  when  Eoger  de  Covert  died  seized  of  it.  From  an  inquiry  which  took  place 
in  28  Edward  I.  it  appears  that  the  manor  of  Chalvedon  was  held  of  the  King  in  socage, 
and  not  by  knight's  service.  In  the  fifteenth  century  it  was  sold  by  William  Covert,  of 
Sullington,  who  died  in  1444 ;  and  his  grandson,  "William  Covert,  of  Slaugham,  in  1476 
released  all  his  right  in  the  manor  of  Chalvedon  to  certain  persons,  probably  trustees  for 
Ann,  widow  of  John  Elmebrigge,  whose  son,  Thomas  Elmebrigge,  left  as  his  sole  heiress  a 
daughter,  who  became  the  wife  of  Sir  John  Dannett.  After  repeated  changes  of  owners 
this  estate  was  ultimately  purchased  in  1785  by  William  JoUiffe,  Esq.,  grandfather  of  the 
first  Lord  Hylton,  on  whose  death  in  1876  this  manor  devolved  upon  his  son,  the  second 
Lord  Hylton. 

The  manor  and  farm  of  Tohivorth,  or  Tullesworth,  in  Chaldon  and  Merstham,  formerly 
belonged  to  the  prior  and  canons  of  Merton.  Queen  Elizabeth  in  1602  granted  it  to 
John  and  Thomas  Eoche,  and  after  repeated  transfers  it  was  bought  in  1724  by  Paul 
Docminique,  Esq. 

The  Manor  of  Willey. — In  6  Edward  III.  John  de  Warblington  died  seized  of  a 
tenement  in  Chalvedon  called  Willivi/ke,  and  his  son  and  heir,  of  the  same  name,  in  1368 
obtained  a  grant  of  free-warren  in  this  manor.  Margaret  de  Warblington  held  it  in  1485. 
John  Cooke  in  1552  conveyed  the  estate  to  Sir  Thomas  Cawarden,  of  Bletchingley,  who  had 
the  right  of  free-warren  confirmed  by  a  grant  from  Queen  Mary.  Sir  Thomas  left  it  by  will 
to  John  Brown,  and  Alice  his  wife,  whose  son  conveyed  it  to  Eichard  Betenson,  Esq. ;  and 

*  Vide  Eot.  Pat.  33  Edward  III.  pt.  3. 

t  In  the  fac-simile  of  Doomsday  (Surrey)  in  Manmng  the  name  is  written  Salvcdonc,  probably  by  mistake. 


CIIALDOX.  257 

one  of  his  dcsccmlauts,  Sir  Edward  Betcnsou,  Bart.,  died  seized  of  it  in  IToo.  lie  had 
suffered  a  recover}-  of  this  estate  in  1G91,  and  leaving  no  issue,  AVilley,  on  his  deatli,  came 
into  the  possession  of  Albinia,  the  eldest  of  his  four  sisters,  -ndio  married  Lrigadier-Cleneral 
Selwyn.  In  1734  that  lady  sold  the  property  to  Sir  William  Clayton,  liart.,  -whose 
descendant,  the  present  Sir  "William  Clayton,  Eart.,  still  owns  it. 

St.vxsxed. — Tins  estate  was  formerly  the  property  of  a  family  whieh  took  its  name  from 
the  place.  George  Eoffey,  Esq.,  of  Camberwcll,  in  1708  gave  by  will  farms  and  lands 
called  Stansted,  alias  Fry  erne,  in  Chaldon,  to  his  daughter  Joanna,  and  the  heirs  of  her 
body,  with  remainder  to  his  nephew,  George  Eoffey,  and  his  heirs  male  :  remainder  to  his 
own  heirs.  The  estate  came  into  the  possession  of  the  last-named  George  Eoffey,  whose 
two  sons  and  daughter,  in  1770,  joined  in  a  sale  to  Matthew  Eobinson,  who  in  1781  resold 
Stansted  to  Eichard  Ilewetson,  of  Croydon;  and  he,  dj-ing  in  1790,  devised  it  to  his 
nephew,  Ilenry  Ilewetson,  Esq. 

This  living  is  a  rectory,  in  the  deanery  of  Ewell  and  diocese  of  Eochester.  According 
to  Ecton,  it  is  dedicated  to  St.  Peter  ;  to  St.  John,  according  to  "Willis ;  but  from  the  will 
of  Isabel,  widow  of  Baldwin  Covert,  dated  in  1440,  it  appears  to  have  St.  Peter  and 
St.  Paul  for  its  patron  saints.*    In  20  Edward  I.  Chaldon  rectory  was  valued  at  15  marks. 

Rectors  of  Chaldon  in  and  since  1800  : — 

l.—Rohcrt  Wclton.     Instituted  in  1780. 

2.— Thomas  Wdfon.     Instituted  in  1811. 

3. — James  Lerjrcv.',  M.A.     Instituted  in  1830. 

4. — Henry  Shepherd,  M.A.     Instituted  in  185G. 

5. — Harrij  Charrinrjton  Fisher,  M.A.     Instituted  in  187-5. 

The  church,  which  stands  on  an  elevated  site,  is  believed  to  have  been  founded  in  tlie 
early  Norman  times.  It  has  a  nave,  a  south  aisle,  and  a  shorter  north  aisle.  On  each  side 
two  arches,  resting  on  round  columns,  divide  the  nave  from  the  aisles.  The  chancel, 
restored  in  1807,  and  again  in  1869,  is  separated  from  the  nave  by  a  low  pointed  arch.  A 
small  vestry,  lighted  by  a  window,  where  probably  a  north  door  formerly  existed,  was 
built  in  1842.  Originally  this  edifice  had  neither  tower  nor  spire,  though,  if  we  may 
judge  from  an  existing  basement  suitable  for  the  former,  such  an  erection  appears  to  have 
been  contemplated.  Accordingly  in  1843  the  deficiency  was  supplied  at  a  cost  of  about 
.£200,  defrayed  by  the  rector  and  inliabitants.    The  tower,  built  of  stone  from  the  Merstham 

*  By  the  will  above  mentioneil  the  body  of  Ipabel  Covert  was  ordered  "  to  be  buried  in  the  Clmrcli  of  St.  Peter  and 
St.  Paul  in  Chalvedon,  next  the  tomb  of  her  husband." 


258  HISTORY  OF  SVRRFA'. 

quarries,  is  siirmoimted  by  a  small  shingled  spire.     There  is  one  bell,  which  is  hung  in  the 

church  roof.     The  most  remarkable  monument  here  is  a  freestone  tablet  within  a  niche  on 

the  north  side  of  the  chancel,  but  to  whom  it  belongs  is  unknown  :  it  is  fixed  between 

pilasters,  surmounted  by  a  pediment,  in  the  centre  of  which  is  the  sun  with  a  human  face, 

thus  surrounded : — 

B, 

1562 

The  inserii^tion,  though  not  divided  into  lines,  is  of  rude  rhythmical  construction,  viz. : — - 

Good  Eedar,  warne  all  men  and  women  whil  they  be  here  to  he  over  good  to  the  poore  and  nedj- :  tlie 
poore  ever  in  thys  Tvorlde  shall  ye  have.  God  grante  us  siimwhat  in  stoore,  for  to  save  the  cry  of  the  poore  is 
extreme  and  very  sore.  God  graunte  us  to  be  goode  evermore  in  this  -worlde  we  run  oure  rase.  God  graunte  us 
to  he  vath  Christ  in  tyme  and  siDace. 

Against  the  north  wall,  near  the  yestry  door,  is  a  white  marble  tablet  with  the  follow- 
ing iiiscription : — • 

Xear  tliis  marble  lye  the  remains  of  Christian,  the  wife  of  John  Home,  a  woman  of  great  natural  sagacity, 
sincerity  of  heart,  and  firmness  of  mind.  She  siiffered  shipwreck,  and  narrowly  escaped  with  life  in  crossing 
the  seas  to  her  husband  in  Jamaica.  She  made  a  second  attempt  and  arrived  in  that  unhealthy  island,  where 
she  lost  a  happy  constitution.  Her  latter  years  proved  her  an  uncommon  pattern  of  exemplary  patience,  liaving 
long  sustained  with  decency  and  temper  all  the  severities  of  a  painfull  and  hopeless  disease.  She  was  born  in 
Scotland  22nd  July,  1710,  and  died  29th  December,  1752. 

Just  to  thy  worth,  he  whom  thou  moat  hold  dear. 
Inscribes  thy  tomb,  and  drops  a  tender  tear. 


Here  also  are  deposited  the  remains  of  tlie  above-mentioned  John  Home.     He  died  21st  April,  1770,  aged 
70  years.     The  love  and  esteem  of  all  who  knew  him  is  the  best  testimony  of  his  real  character. 

The  pulpit,  hexagonal  in  form,  is  inscribed,  "Patience  Lambert,  1657."  The  font  is 
an  ancient  square  basin,  with  an  octagon  shaft  of  Merstham  freestone.  The  chikben  of  the 
poor  are  educated  and  clothed  in  a  small  free  school,  chiefly  supported  by  the  rector. 

In  1870  Chaldon  Church  was  restored  by  public  subscriptions,  the  rector  bearing  the 
cost  of  the  work  done  in  the  chancel.  During  this  restoration  a  remarkable  and  very 
interesting  fresco,  covering  nearly  the  whole  of  the  west  wall,  was  brought  to  light. 

Strictly  speaking,  there  are  no  gentlemen's  seats  in  Chaldon.  Large  numbers  of  sheep 
are  bred  and  grazed  here. 

The  entire  number  of  acres  in  Chaldon  parish  is  1,643,  and  it  comprises  arable, 
meadow,  wood,  common,  parsonage  garden,  &c.  In  1865  the  common  lands  of  ihis,  jjarish 
were  apportioned  and  enclosed,  1,000  acres  being  added  to  the  glebe.  In  this  parish,  says 
Aubrey,  "are  two  Freestone  Quarries,  from  whose  Meanders  the  Country  people  pretend  to 
draw  stone  with  their  Oxen  and  Hurdles  for  above  half  a  mile."  * 

*  "  Suri'ey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  95.  . 


COULSDOX. 


This  parish  is  situated  on  tlic  central  chalk  lulls  of  Surrey,  bordering  on  tlie  nortli 
on  Croydon,  on  the  cast  on  Sanderstead,  on  the  south,  on  Caterham,  and  on  the  west  ou 
Chipstcad  and  Beddington.  The  land  is  partly  arable,  mth  wood  lands,  and  open  downs 
adapted  for  the  pasturage  of  sheep,  many  of  which  arc  bred  here.  Formerly  at  Ilartlej' 
Down  there  was  a  rabbit  warren  of  77  acres,  but  it  was  enclosed  and  converted  into  arable 
land  in  17G0.  The  entii-e  number  of  acres  in  this  parish  is  estimated  at  4,313,  of  the 
ratable  value  of  £31,000. 

Various  ancient  remains,  some  of  them  probably  British,  others  Eoman,  are  still  per- 
ceptible in  this  parish.  The  Eoman  road  called  the  Stano  Street  jjassed  tkrough  Coulsdon 
from  Sussex,  and  the  name  of  Wall  Street  is  also  mentioned  in  the  Chertsey  Ledger-book 
as  in  Coulsdon.  At  the  entrance  of  Farthing  Down  are  faint  traces  of  three  dykes,  which 
extend  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile,  and  seem  to  have  been  thrown  up  as  a  barricade :  some 
of  these  dj^kes  were  opened  in  1871.  On  the  hill  ascending  from  Smitham  Bottom  are 
several  small  barrows,  in  one  of  which,  opened  about  a  hundred  years  ago,  a  complete 
skeleton  is  said  to  have  been  found.* 

There  were  two  manors  in  the  parish  of  Coulsdon  at  the  time  of  the  Doomsday  surrey, 
which  are  thus  described  : — 

"The  Abbey  of  Certesy  holds  Colesdone.f  In  the  time  of  King  Edward,  it  was 
assessed  at  20  liides :  now  at  3i  hides.  The  land  is  10  carucates.  One  carucate  is  in 
demesne  :  and  there  are  ten  villains,  and  four  cottars,  with  G  carucates.  There  is  a  church. 
The  wood  yields  three  swine.  In  the  time  of  King  Edward  it  was  valued  at  £Q  : 
now  at  £7." 

[Whatiington,  or  Waddon,  in  Coulsdon.) 
"  The  same  Abbey  holds  Watendone,  which  in  the  time  of  King  Edward  was  assessed  at 
20  hides ;    but  now  at  5  hides.     The  arable  land  amounts  to  8  carucates.     There  is   1 
carucate  in  demesne ;  and  there  arc  seventeen  villains,  aud  two  cottars,  with  5  carucates. 

*  "At  the  entrance  of  Hooley-lane  from  Smitham-ljottoni  a  doiiljle  bank  and  double  ditch  come  do-mi  the  hill  from 
a  little  wood  on  the  left  to  the  road  in  Hooley-lane,  now  (1805)  a  good  deal  of  them  has  been  removed,  but  enough  still 
remains  to  shew  them  clearly  ;  on  the  top  of  the  opposite  hill  they  appear  again,  and  are  now  the  more  visible  fi-om 
theii'  ends  having  been  lately  exit  off  in  maldng  a  new  chalk-pit.  On  Eiddles-down  are  similar  banks  and  ditches 
descending  from  the  top  of  the  hill  to  the  inclosures  below,  where,  the  land  being  arable,  they  are  lost.  Their  direction 
points  to  those  in  Hooley-lane.  This  ditch  seems  to  be  that  which  in  the  Chertsey  Ledger-hook  is  called  Newcdich  or 
fPtdetKc/i."— Manning,  Surrey,  vol.  ii.  p.  448. 

+  There  are  at  least  sixteen  difl'erent  ways  of  spelling  the  name  of  this  parish,  but  that  of  Coulsdon  has  oVitaincd 
for  a  long  series  of  years. 

L  X  2 


26o  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

There  is  a  cliurcli.  The  wood  yields  six  swine  for  pannage.  In  tlie  time  of  King  Edward 
it  was  valued  at  £G  :  now  at  £J1P 

Eoger  de  Home,  and  Maud  his  wife,  in  1269  purchased  161|  acres  of  land  in  Cullesdon, 
which  Sir  John  Home,  Knt.,  in  1307  conveyed  to  trustees  for  the  foundation  of  a  chantry 
in  C'hertsey  Abbey,  and  the  support  of  a  secular  chaplain.  In  1321  Eoger  Home,  son  of 
Sir  John,  released  the  same  lands  to  Charles  de  Seggcford,  Eector  of  Cullesdon,  Avho  con- 
veyed them  to  the  abbey  for  the  purpose  just  mentioned.  The  estate  was  held  of  the 
manor  of  Coulsdon  as  one-eighth  of  a  knight's  fee.  Lands  also  belonging  to  this  manor, 
which  had  been  given  at  different  times  and  by  different  donors,  were  held  of  the  abbot 
and  convent  of  Chertsey  by  the  master  and  brethren  of  the  Hospital  of  St.  Thomas  of  Aeon, 
in  London,  and  by  the  abbot  and  convent  of  Waltham,  in  Essex. 

In  1538  the  Abbot  of  Chertsey  sold  this  manor,  with  those  of  Epsom,  Sutton,  and 
Horley,  to  Henry  YIIL,  who  in  the  same  year  granted  them  to  Sir  Nicholas  Carew,  of 
Beddington.  The  disgrace  and  death  of  this  courtier,  with  the  forfeiture  of  his  estates, 
and  their  restoration  to  his  family  by  Queen  Mary,  will  be  found  related  in  our  account 
of  Beddington.  Sir  Francis  Carew,  sou  of  Sir  Nicholas,  died  unmarried,  seized,  inter  alia, 
of  this  estate,  which,  according  to  a  settlement  made  in  1609,  came  into  the  possession  of 
Sir  Eobert  Darcy,  descended  from  a  sister  of  Sir  Francis  Carew.  Sir  Edward  Darcy 
held  Coulsdon  in  1668,  and  probably  sold  it  to  Sir  Eichard  Mason,  to  whom  it  belonged 
in  1670.  He  left  the  estate  by  will,  in  1685,  to  his  wife  and  daughter,  who  in  1688 
executed  a  joint  conveyance  to  Sir  Edward  des  Bouveries,  an  eminent  Turkey  merchant, 
whose  son  and  successor,  Sir  William,  was  created  a  Baronet  in  1714.  He  had  two  sons, 
the  elder  of  whom  having  died  without  issue,  this  property  devolved  on  his  brother, 
Jacob  de  Bouverie,  who  in  1747  was  created  Baron  Longford  and  Viscount  Folkestone. 
This  nobleman  was  very  active  in  the  formation  of  the  Society  for  the  Encouragement  of 
Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Commerce,  of  which  he  was  President  in  1753  ;  and  he  held  the 
office  until  his  death,  which  happened  in  1761.  His  son  and  heir,  William,  made 
Earl  of  Eadnor  in  1765,  sold  the  manor  and  estate  of  Coulsdon,  in  1782,  to  Thomas 
Byron,  Esq.,  whose  grandson,  Edmund  Byron,  Esq.,  is  the  present  possessor.  The 
manor  of  Coulsdon  includes  the  whole  parish  The  metes  and  bounds  of  the  manor  arc 
fully  described  in  the  Chertsey  Ledger-book.* 

*  "  A  Court  Roll  of  this  manor,"  observes  Manning,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  448,  "  contains  many  curious  particulars, 
some  are  sucli  as  I  do  not  remember  to  have  seen  in  any  other.  Amongst  them  actions  of  trespass  were  here  tried.  In 
13  Richard  II.  1390,  Richard  Chapelet  brought  an  action  of  trespass  against  William  Lorkyn  for  taking  away  Katharine 
his  wife,  with  divers  goods  and  chattels  to  the  value  of  £10,  to  his  damage  of  100s.  And  he  brought  another  action 
against  the  same  for  detaining  a  hog,  value  3s.  4d.     These  disputes  were  perhaps  amicably  settled,  for  there  is  no  further 


COULSDOX.  261 

The  chief  residences  in  the  parish  arc  Coulsdon  Court,  in  a  tine  Avouded  park  close 
to  the  church,  the  seat  of  Edmund  Byron,  Esq.,  avIio  is  lord  of  the  manor ;  IIooley 
House,  the  residence  of  James  Johnstone,  Escp  ;  AVood  Place,  supposed  to  be  "Za 
Wodc,  in  Colesden  "  (mentioned  in  the  Bishop's  Eegister,  Edindon,  II.  37  a.),  where,  in 
1357,  Peter  at  Wode  had  the  Bishop's  license  for  an  oratory  in  his  house,  now  a  ftirm  in 
the  occupation  of  Mr.  Edward  Ilcnton  ;  and  Portxall's  Farji,  the  property  of  Sir-  Nicholas 
Carew  in  the  time  of  Charles  I.,  of  Sir  John  Stanley  in  17G2,  of  John  Hibbcrt,  Esq.,  in 
1808,  and  now  in  the  occupation  of  Mr.  Joseph  Linger.  Another  place  of  note  is  Kexley 
House,  which  stands  on  the  hill  opposite  Piddles  Down.  This  is  the  property  and  residence 
of  John  Young,  Esq. 

W/iattiiifftou,  Wodiiidou,  or  WaJdington,  described  in  the  Doomsday  Book,  under  the 
name  of  Wafcndonc,  as  a  distinct  manor,  has  long  since  been  united  with  that  of  Coulsdon. 
Hemy  YIII.  obtained  of  the  Abbot  of  Chcrtsey,  by  way  of  exchange,  a  part  of  the  estate 
here  called  Welcomb's  and  Lawrence's,  and  other  lands  in  Whattiugton,  which  he 
annexed  to  the  honour  of  Hampton  Court.  In  1546  he  granted  this  estate  to  Sir 
Eiehard,  Sir  John,  and  William  Gresham,  in  whose  family  it  continued  at  least  until 
the  early  part  of  the  seventeenth  centiuy.  It  afterwards  passed  to  several  successive 
proprietors,  until,  in  1800,  it  was  bought  by  Chi-istopher  Saville,  Esq.,  which  name  he 
had  assumed  in  place  of  that  of  Atkinson.  Joel  de  Garston,  and  Philippa  his  wife,  were 
owners  of  land  in  Coulsdon  in  12C9,  and  also  of  a  tenement  in  Whatiugdon  called 
Garston.  Gabston  Hall  is  the  property  of  Edmund  Byron,  Esq.,  but  has  for  a  con- 
siderable time  been  occupied  by  the  kennel  and  hunting  establishment  of  the  subscrip- 
tion pack  of  the  Old  Surrey  Foxhounds. 

The  benefice  of  Coulsdon  is  a  rectory,  in  the  deanery  of  Ewell,  and  in  the  patronage 
of  the  Ai'chbishop  of  Canterbury.     In  20  Edward  I.  (1292)  it  was  valued  at  25  marks, 

entry  relating  to  them.  In  another  action,  damages  were  taxed  at  one  Lusliel  spnjgg  [a  species  of  com]  price  7J.;  iu 
another  at  one  bushel  of  oats  price  3d.  15  Richard  II.  1392,  the  tallage  of  the  customary  tenants  this  year  was  20s.;  the 
pannage  of  the  hogs  2s.  5^d.  19  Richard  II.  1396,  a  man  being  admitted  to  a  copyhold  found  pledges  for  his  residing  in 
the  house  and  doing  no  wa.ste.  Joh'es  atte  Brome  refused  to  sell  ale  without  shewing  a  sign,  therefore  he  is  in  mercy. 
Jno.  Prymnie  who  held  of  the  Lord  a  tenement  and  half  a  virgate  of  native  land  to  him  and  his,  has  lemoved  out  of  the 
lordship  and  refused  to  hold  the  land,  whereupon  there  hapj^ened  to  the  Lord  for  a  hcriot  a  heifer  wliich  remains  in  tlie 
Lord's  hands.  14  Henry  IV.  1413,  tallage  2s.  6d.  pannage  8Ad.  3  Henry  VI.  1425,  John  Syrede  of  Croydon, 
husbandman,  espoused  Agnes  daughter  of  William  Toller,  one  of  the  Lord's  villans  in  gross,  without  license  ;  he  came 
and  paid  6s.  8d.  Jolm  Combe,  Prior  of  the  Holy  Cross  of  Reygate,  who  held  a  tenement  and  lands  in  Horlce  by  the 
Common  Seal,  is  dead,  whereupon  happened  to  the  Lord  for  a  relief  certain,  after  the  death  or  cession  of  every  Prior 
there,  10s.  9  Henry  VI.  1431,  Alice,  daughter  of  Richard  Colgrymme,  one  of  the  Lord's  villans  in  gross,  remains  at 
Chalvedon  with  Richard  Aleyn  without  chivage,  [i.e.  money  paid  by  a  bondman  for  leave  to  go  out  of  a  manor],  and 
without  license  :  two  others  the  same ;  they  are  ordered  to  be  seized.  Thomas  Basset  came,  and  gives  to  the  Lord  for  the 
chivage  of  Richard  Colgrynmie  the  Lord's  bondman,  for  license  to  stay  with  him  till  ilichaelmas  next,  Sd.  Other  nief? 
or  bondmen  ordered  to  be  seized." 


z62  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

aud  iu  the  King's  books  at  £21   16s.  5|d.,  paying  for  synodals  2s.  Id.,  and  for  procura- 
tions 7s,  T^d. 

Rectors  of  Conlsdon  in  and  since  1800  : — 

1. — Ilcnrij  Goodi-iclce,  B.D.     Instituted  in  1774. 

2.— Henry  John  Todd,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1807. 

3. — John  Cutis  LocJavood.     Instituted  in  1820. 

^.—  William  Wood,  B.D.     Instituted  iu  1830. 

5. —  George  Randolph.     Instituted  iu  1841. 

G. — Hon.  George  Wingfield  BourJce,  M.A.    Instituted  iu  1866. 

7. — David  Dale  Stewart,  M.A.     Instituted  iu  1878. 

The  church,  dedicated  to  St.  John  the  Evangelist,  is  built  of  stone  and  flint,  and  at 
the  "west  end  is  an  embattled  tower  surmounted  by  a  small  shingled  spire,  aud  coutaioing 
five  bells.  It  has  a  nave,  and  on  each  side  a  short  aisle  separated  fi-om  the  nave  by  two 
obtuse-pointed  arches :  a  similar  arch  divides  the  nave  from  the  chancel.  In  the  south 
wall  of  the  chancel  are  two  stone  scats  under  pointed  arches,  separated  by  small  round 
pillars  standing  clear  from  the  wall.  Eastward  of  these  seats  was  a  piscina  (now  filled 
up)  under  an  arch  of  similar  character.  Formerly  iu  the  south  aisle  also  was  a  stoue 
seat  under  an  obtuse-pointed  arch,  eastward  from  which  were  two  other  seats  under 
niches,  as  in  the  chancel,  one  lower  than  the  other ;  and  still  farther  to  the  cast  was 
a  piscina  under  a  similar  arch.  These  have  all  been  removed.  Indeed,  the  church 
has  been  greatly  altered  since  it  was  visited  and  described  by  Mr.  Bray  about 
180-j.*  It  was  extensively  repaii-ed  in  1807,  and  restored,  with  a  due  regard  to  the 
laws  of  church  architecture,  in  1864,  at  a  cost  of  £1,000.  A  small  organ  was  placed 
here  in  1843.  Of  the  ancient  painted  glass  in  the  chancel  window  described  by 
Aubrey,  and  vaguely  referred  to  as  of  the  time  of  King  John,  there  are  some  slight 
remains. 

Diu-ing  the  different  repairs  and  alterations  of  the  church  many  of  the  old  monu- 
ments appear  to  have  been  taken  down  and  lost.  On  the  south  wall,  however,  is  one 
well  entitled  to  the  attention  of  the  curious.  It  consists  of  the  figure  of  a  woman  imdcr 
au  arch,  standing  on  a  human  skull,  beneath  which  are  bones  banded  together.  On  each 
side  is  a  cherub.  The  woman's  right  hand  is  on  her  breast ;  her  left  holds  a  globe  ; 
slie  is  looking  up  to  heaven,  in  which  appears  a  rising  sun  bearing  the  name  Jehovah. 
Prom  the  several  inscriptions  about  this  monument,  the  principal  of  which  are  acrostic 

*  Viik  Manning  and  Bray,  "  Surrey,"  yol.  ii.  p.  454. 


SANDERSTFAD. 


versos,  it  -would  seem  that  the  pcrsou  thiis  rqivcseiilccl  was  Grace  EmveJ,  wife  of  Thomas 
AVood,  and  that  she  died  in  1G35.* 

Coiilsdon  parsonage  is  a  handsome  stone  buihling,  erected  iu  1811.  Tliere  is  a  small 
IS'ational  School  iu  this  parish  for  the  children  of  the  poor  ;  aud  also  another,  conduftcl 
on  similar  principles,  for  the  Kenley  and  Caterham  Junction  district.  The  Riiedji.vm 
AsYLVM  FOR  Fatheuless  CHILDREN,  Capable  of  containing  300  inmates,  was  established  hero 
in  1845. 

"WnATTiXGTON  Chapel. — In  a  record  of  13  Edward  III.  (a  deed  of  John  dc  Passele 
relating  to  Aldebiiry,  in  Merstham)  John  dc  Cattesfield  is  described  as  "parson  of 
Wattington ; "  and  the  presentations  of  the  church  of  Coulsdou  have  sometimes  been 
"  cum  Capella  "Whatingdon ;  "  but  no  institutions  are  found  in  the  Bishops'  Eegisters. 
The  capclla,  or  chapel,  referred  to  escaped  the  first  scramble  in  the  time  of  Henry  YIII.  ; 
but  in  2  Edward  VI.  it  was  granted,  with  other  chapels,  to  Henry  Foisted,  Esq.  The 
church  of  Coulsdon  was  included  in  that  grant,  but  Mr.  Foisted  never  obtained  pos- 
session of  the  latter.  In  the  following  year  Wm.  Worde  was  said  to  hold  the  chapel  of 
"WTiattington  in  socage.  Afterwards  the  building  was  converted  into  a  barn,  and  about 
1780  it  was  accidentally  destroyed  by  fire.  In  the  Doomsday  Book  it  is  noticed  as  a 
church.  Caterham  Junction,  on  the  London,  Brighton,  and  South  Coast  Fiailway,  is  in 
tliis  parish,  about  two  miles  north  from  the  village. 


SAXDERSTEAD. 

This  parish  is  situated  about  three  miles  to  the  south-east  of  Croydon,  by  Avhich, 
and  that  of  Addington,  it  is  bounded  on  the  east :  it  adjoins  Warlingham  on  the  south, 
and  Coulsdon  on  the  west.  The  soil  is  calcareous,  with  a  superficial  stratum  of  gravel 
towards  the  south.  Sanderstead  contains,  by  computation,  about  2,260  acres,  chiefly 
arable,  with  150  of  down  and  156  of  wood,  known  as  Sanderstead  Wood.  The  downs 
arc  private  property  :  there  is  no  common. 

Sanderstead  is  thus  described  in  the  Doomsday  survey : — "  The  Abbey  of  St.  Fcter 
of  Winchester  holds  Sanderstede.  In  the  time  of  King  Edward  it  was  assessed  at  18 
hides:  now  at  5  hides.  The  arable  land  amounts  to  10  carucates.  One  is  in  demesne  ; 
and  there  are  twenty-one  villains,  and  one  cottar,  with  8  carucates.  There  arc  four 
bondmen.  The  wood  yields  thirty  swine.  In  the  time  of  King  Edward  it  was  valued 
at  100s.  :  afterwards  at  £1 :  now  at  £12  ;  and  yet  it  produces  £15." 

*  The  inscriptions  an^  given  at  length  in  Manni:;g,  "Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  45G. 


2  6+  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

Tlii.-s  manor  appears  to  lias'e  been  given  to  the  abbot  and  convent  of  Ilycle,  near 
Winchester,  by  Ethelfleda,  the  first  wife  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  King  Edgar,  and  mother 
of  Edward  the  Martyr.  In  the  reign  of  John  or  Henry  III.,  Watkin  Sannders,  of 
Sanderstede,  left  this  manor  and  the  advowson  of  the  church  to  the  abbey  of  Hyde  ;  but,  as 
the  manor  belonged  to  that  monaster}^  before  the  jSTorman  Conquest,  it  may  be  concluded 
that  Saunders  held  it  on  lease,  and  that  he  bequeathed  only  his  interest  in  the  property. 
Henry  VIII.  in  1539  granted  to  the  convent  of  Hyde  a  license  to  alienate  to  Sir  John 
Gresham  the  manors  of  Sandersted  and  Langhurst ;  but  at  the  dissolution  of  monasteries 
Sir  John  obtained  from  the  Xing  a  grant,  in  1540,  of  all  the  monastic  possessions  in  this 
and  some  neighbouring  parishes.  He  died  in  1556,  seized  of  the  manor  of  Sandersted, 
with  the  rectory  and  advowson,  and  the  burgh  of  Langhurst,  valued  at  £20  Os.  9^d.  per 
annum,  held  with  other  estates  of  the  Crown,  in  cajyite,  by  knight's  service,  as  the 
twentieth  part  of  a  fee.  This  estate  descended  to  Eichard  Gresham,  Esq.,  who  in  1591 
sold  Sandersted,  with  Warlingham,  to  John  Ownsted,  Esq.,  of  Addington,  Sergeant  of 
the  Carriages  to  Queen  Elizabeth.  This  transfer  of  property  held  by  a  feudal  tenure 
having  taken  place  without  a  royal  license,  the  estates  were  seized  by  the  Crown,  and 
Mr.  Ownsted  was  fined ;  but  this  being  paid,  and  license  granted,  the  bargain  was  ratified, 
and  in  1594  a  release  from  Gresham  to  Ownsted  was  duly  executed. 

Mr.  Ownsted  died  without  issue  in  1  GOO,  having  devised  his  estates  in  Siu-rey,  after 
his  widow's  decease,  to  his  cousin,  Harmau  Attwood,  and  his  two  sisters.*  Mr. 
Attwood,  an  attorney  of  Clifi'ord's  Inn,  London,  purchased  the  shares  of  the  legatees, 
and  thus  became  proprietor  of  Sanderstead  as  well  as  of  Mr.  Ownsted's  other  estates. 
The  property  was  held  by  the  Atwoods  until  the  death  of  John  Atwood,  Esq.,  in  1759, 
who,  having  no  children,  gave  it  to  his  nephew,  Thomas  "Wigsell,  attorney-at-law,  New 
Inn,  London.  This  gentleman  died  in  1778,  having  devised  his  estates  to  his  nephew, 
Atwood  Wigsell,  who  died  immarried ;  and  his  brother  and  successor,  the  Eev.  Thomas 
Wigsell,  having  no  issue,  settled  the  property  on  his  sister  Susanna  for  life,  with 
remainder  to  Atwood  Wigsell  Taylor,  on  whom  it  devolved  in  1807,  and  who,  though 
a  minor  at  the  time,  assumed  the  name  and  arms  of  Wigsell  in  pursuance  of  the  will 
of  the  devisee.  He  died  in  1821 :  his  son  and  successor,  Atwood  Dalton  Wigsell,  Esq., 
the  late  lord  of  the  manor,  died  in  1878.  His  widow  is  the  owner  of  nearly  the  whole 
of  the  parish. 

*  From  tlie  monumental  inscriptions  in  tlie  church  and  churchyard  it  appears  that  the  family  of  Mr.  Atwood  (whose 
name  has  been  thus  spelt  for  several  generations)  had  long  been  settled  here.  In  the  adjoining  parish  of  Coulsdon  the 
name  is  found  as  early  as  the  time  of  Edward  II. 


SAXDERSTEAD.  265 

PuRLEY. — Purley,  or  Pirley,  is  an  ostuto  in  tliis  parisli  fV)rnu'rly  Ix-louging  to  a  family 
to  M-hom  it  gave  name.  AYilliam  tie  Pirelea,  son  of  Osbert  de  Pirclca,  had  a  grant 
from  John,  Abbot  of  Hide,  of  the  moiety  of  a  wood  called  Nithca,  in  the  manor  of  Sander- 
stead,  and  he  pnrehased  here  other  lands  held  under  the  convent.  In  1.332  Reginald 
de  Pirlc  obtained  a  license  from  the  Bishop  of  Winchester  to  have  divine  service  eeU" 
brated  in  his  oratory  in  Sanderstead,  and  in  1346  a  similar  license  was  granted  to  Tdlin 
de  Piu-le.  The  estate  remained  with  the  Purleys  until  the  reign  of  E(hvavd  IV.,  \\\n-\\ 
it  was  divided  into  two  parts,  called  respectively  East  and  West  Purley. 

East  Pueley. — In  the  time  of  Elizabeth  this  estate  belonged  to  Sir  Thomas  Saunder, 
liemembrancer  of  the  Exchequer,  who,  on  his  marriage  with  the  daughter  of  Sir  Edmnnd 
Walsingham,  settled  it  on  her  in  dower.  In  1-380  their  son  and  heir,  Edmund  Saunder, 
of  Charlwood,  conveyed  the  reversion  of  the  estate  (or  manor)  of  Purley,  alias  East 
Purley,  to  Arnold  King,  of  Beckenham,  in  Kent,  who  in  the  same  year  transferred  it  to 
Edmund  Gresham ;  and  he  is  supposed  to  have  sold  it  to  Mr.  Ilarman  Attwood,  sen.,  to 
whom  it  belonged  in  1G19.  East  Purley,  or  Purley  Bury,  is  now  in  the  occupation  of 
John  n.  Smith,  Esq. 

West  Pukley. — The  family  of  Purley  probably  became  extinct  before  tlie  middle  of 
the  fifteenth  century.  In  1442  Margaret  Kiricl  and  Johanna  Frollebury,  who  may 
have  been  coheiresses  of  that  family,  granted  the  lands  of  Xorth  Eidle  and  West  Purle 
to  John  Stopynton  (Master  of  the  Eolls)  and  John  Kiriel ;  and  four  years  later  Kiriel 
granted  Pirle  to  Eicliard  Colkote  and  William  Elenbrig.  This  estate  subsequently 
belonged  to  the  familj^  of  Ive,  who  held  it  as  late  as  lo3S,  soon  after  which  it  A\as 
the  property  and  residence  of  Henry  Polsted,  Avho,  jointly  ■\\ith  his  son,  in  1554  conveyed 
it  to  Humphrey  Cavell.  It  then  passed  in  succession  to  several  proprietors,  and  in  the 
reign  of  Charles  I.  Ealph  Hawtrey,  who  died  seized  of  it,  left  several  sous,  who  conveyed 
it  to  Lewis  Audeley,  Esq.  This  gentleman,  who  had  married  the  widow  of  Mr.  Hawtrey, 
was  a  major  in  the  army  of  the  Parliament  during  the  civil  war,  and  was  appointed  by 
Oliver  Cromwell  a  commissioner  for  the  regulation  of  church  benefices.  It  is  said  that 
through  his  interest  the  Eev.  King  Atwood,  Eector  of  Sandcrstcad,  was  allowed  to 
continue  the  service  of  the  Established  Church  in  his  parish  during  the  interregnum. 
In  1661  Major  Audeley  conveyed  this  estate  to  Harman  Attwood  the  younger,  Avho 
also  obtained  a  further  conveyance  from  the  heii-s  of  Ealph  Hawtrey ;  thus  he  became 
possessed  of  both  East  and  West  Purley,  as  well  as  of  Sanderstead.  The  whole  property 
subsequently  descended  through  the  Wigsells  to  tlic  late  owner,  Atwood  Dalton  Wigsell, 
Esq.,  but  the  divisional  distinction  of  East  and  West  Purley  has  been  long  forgotten. 

VOL.   III.  J!   M 


266  HISTORY  OF  SURRFA'. 

PuRLEY  House  was  long  in  the  occupation  of  Edward  IScdwell  Kemblo,  Esq.,  by  whom 
it  was  much  improved.  It  was  formerly  the  residence  of  William  Tooke,  and  whilst  in  his 
possession  the  Eev.  John  Home  (who  afterwards  assumed  the  name  of  Tooke)  wrote  here 
his  celebrated  philological  work  entitled  "  EIIEA  IITEPOENTA,  or  the  Diversions  of 
Purley,"  first  published  in  octavo  in  178G.* 

Sandeestead  House,  or  Place,  the  manorial  residence,  is  a  spacious  brick  mansion, 
which  stands  in  a  park  of  between  50  and  60  acres  in  extent,  adjoining  the  church,  in 
which  are  some  large  and  stately  elms :  behind  the  house  is  a  fine  cedar  of  Lebanon,  f 

The  living  of  Sandcrstead  is  a  rectory,  valued  in  the  Taxation  of  Pope  Nicholas  at 
£18  13s.  4d.,  and  in  the  King's  books  at  £7  9s.  S-^d.,  paying  7s.  7-^d.  for  procurations, 
and  2s.  Id.  for  syuodals.  The  advowsou,  which  anciently  belonged  to  the  Abbot  of  Hyde, 
near  Winchester,  was  granted,  with  the  manor,  by  Henry  VIII.,  to  Sir  John  Gresham  ;  and 
the  patronage  is  now  vested  in  the  representative  of  the  late  Atwood  Dalton  Wigsell,  Esq. 

lieciors  of  Sanderstead  in  and  since  1800  : — 

1. — John  Courtney^  M.A. 

2 .—.4 timod  Wigsell  Wif/sell,  M.A.     Died  in  1 82 1 . 
?K—Jo/m  Courfiic,//,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1821. 
-1. — Jolin  II.  Randolph^  M.D.     Instituted  in  1845. 
5. — John  Randol^ih,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1860. 

The  church,  dedicated  to  All  Saints,  consists  of  nave  and  chance],  with  north  and  south 
aisles  extending  the  length  of  the  nave  only,  separated  by  obtuse  arches.  It  is  sub- 
stantially built  with  fiint,  having  stone  quoins  and  window-frames.  At  the  west  end  is  a 
slender  tower,  rough  cast,  with  two  bells  and  a  shingled  spire.  In  1832  the  chancel  was 
completely  renovated  by  the  Eev.  John  Courtney.  The  entrance  is  by  a  large  south  porch. 
In  the  east  window,  a  trij^let  of  the  pointed  form,  were  some  slight  remains  of  painted 
glass.  This  church  was  carefully  restored  in  1847,  at  a  cost  of  £1,100.  Schools  have 
since  been  erected. 

*  That  work  was  afterwards  enlarged  into  two  vols,  quarto,  but  never  completed.  In  the  introdirction  the  aiithor, 
with  reference  to  his  own  political  opinions,  has  humorously  alluded  to  Purley  having  been  once  the  seat  of  Bradshaw, 
President  of  the  High  Court  of  Justice  at  the  trial  of  Charles  I.  Mr.  Tooke  died  at  Wimbledon  in  1812,  and  was  buried 
at  Ealing  ;  yet  it  had  long  been  his  intention  to  be  interred  in  his  o^vn  garden,  and  he  had  a  vault  and  tombstone 
prepared  for  that  purpose  under  his  own  direction  :  on  the  latter  was  engraven  this  epitaph : — 

John  Hobne  Tooke,  late  Proprietor,  and  now  Occupier,  of  this  spot,  was  born  in  June,  1736  ;  died  in  

Aged years  ;  Contented  and  Grateful. 

t  Many  years  ago  a  good  house,  called  the  Place  House,  was  bought  from  Sir  John  Stonehouse  by  the  Wigsells,  by 
whom  it  was  pulled  down,  and  the  ground  laid  into  their  park. 


SAXDERSTEAD.  267 

There  are  in  this  church  many  indiiumcnts  and  had'hinonts,  t(\tiotlier  wIlli  various  oM 
brasses,  some  of  ■which  are  iu  tlicir  original  positious,  aiul  others  (h'taclied.  Tlmso  most 
entitled  to  notice  are  the  following  : — 

Against  the  uortli -wall  is  a  monument  of  white  marble,  showing  tlie  efiig^- (under  an 
arch)  of  a  man  in  armour  kneeling  before  a  desk,  on  which  lies  an  open  book  ;  beneath  is 
tliis  inscrij)tion  : — - 

Here  lieth  tlic  bodie  of  John  Ownsted  Esquyer  [of  Sauderstcdc-corte],  servauut  to  the  most  excellent 
rrincess  and  our  dread  Soveraigne  Queciie  Elizabeth,  and  Seijant  of  her  MaHes  Carriage  by  y*  space  of  40  yeres. 
He  died  in  y<!  CG  yere  of  his  age  on  the  9""  of  August,  1000. 

At  the  east  end  of  the  south  aisle  is  a  low  altar  tomb,  on  which  is  the  fidl-lengtlistatiu', 
in  white  marble,  of  a  lady  in  a  Avinding- sheet  lying  upon  a  mat  ;  her  head  rests  on  a 
cushion,  and  her  right  hand  is  placed  over  the  heart.  The  execution  of  the  figure  is 
unusually  good,  and  from  the  inscription,  which  is  in  Latin,  we  learn  that  it  was 
sculptured  in  memory  of  Mary,  daughter  of  Matthew  Bedell,  Esq.,  and  the  wife  iu 
succession  of  Ealph  Ilawtrey  and  Lewis  Audeley,  Esqs.,  both  of  whom  were  owners  of 
this  manor.     She  died  in  1005. 

Of  several  memorials  for  the  mercantile  familj'  of  j\[ellish,  the  most  striking  is  a  black 
marble  tablet  placed  against  the  south  Avail,  between  two  Corinthian  columns  of  white 
marble.  It  bears  a  long  Latin  inscription  to  the  memory  of  George  Mellish,  Esq.,  of 
Ijondon  and  Sanderstcad,  Avho  died  in  1054.  Another  inscription,  on  a  white  marble 
tablet  afnxed  to  a  pillar  on  the  north  side  of  the  church,  records  the  death  of  Henry 
Mellish,  merchant,  of  the  Levant,  "  a  person  truely  generous,  Avho,  having  with  great 
vertue  and  Industrie  indured  the  inconvoniencies  of  several  j'ears  travcll  in  foreign 
countries,  Avhich  contracted  a  lingering  Aveakness  on  his  body,"  died  in  1G77. 

On  the  north  wall  is  a  marble  monument  (surmounted  by  the  arms  of  Mellish), 
presenting  the  bust  of  a  young  man  Avith  a  large  flowing  Avig.  Beneath  are  the  following 
somewhat  outrageously  laudatory  lines :  — 

Here  lies  a  Youth  who  virtue's  race  had  run, 
When  scarce  his  ycares  of  manhood  were  begun  : 
So  swift  a  progress  called  for  early  rest. 
And  plac'd  his  soul  betimes  among  the  bleat. 
Another  such  our  age  despairs  to  find, 
Of  charming  person  and  accomplisli'd  mind, 
AVhere's  manly  sense  and  sweetest  temper  join'd 
But  Fame's  large  volume  would  be  fiU'd  to  tell 
Those  qualities  in  which  he  did  excell  ! 
Then,  Reader,  dropp  a  tear,  and  only  say. 
Death  saw  the  virtuous  youth  prepar'd  to  pay 
Great  Nature's  debt,  and  call'd  before  its  day. 


268  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

Amongst  the  monuments  to  the  Wigsell  family  is  a  white  marble  tablet  in  the  chancel, 
inscribed  to  the  memory  of  the  Eev.  Atwoocl  Wigsell  "Wigsell,  M.A.,  rector  of  this  parish, 
who  died  in  1821.  A  tablet  was  erected  here  by  his  parishioners  to  the  memory  of  the 
Eey.  John  Courtney,  M.A.,  rector,  who  died  in  1845.  The  surplus  of  that  subscription 
proved  sufficient  for  the  entire  renewal  of  the  eastern  window  of  the  chancel,  and  for  other 
improvements.  In  the  south  aisle  is  a  mural  monument  to  the  memory  of  George  Smith, 
Esq.,  of  Selsdon,  brother  of  Eobert,  Lord  Carrington,  nearly  forty  years  M.P.,  and  a 
director  of  the  East  India  Company.     He  died  in  183G. 

In  the  churchyard  are  several  stones  to  the  memory  of  the  Atwood  family,  who  have  a 
burial-place  here,  surrounded  by  an  iron  railing.  Much  stained  by  exposure  to  the  weather 
is  a  coarse  marble  tomb  in  memory  of  "  Thomas  Knight,  late  Mason-in-Chief  to  the  City  of 
London,  who  dyed  in  1680."     Some  quaint  verses  conclude  the  inscription. 

Nearly  in  the  centre  of  the  churchyard  is  a  remarkably  fine  old  yew-tree  ;  and  there 
arc  two  or  three  smaller  ones,  which,  from  their  appearance,  are  yet  more  ancient.  The 
parsonage  is  a  plain  brick  building  of  the  date  of  1680.  A  Board  School  Avas  erected  here 
in  1875. 

Christ  Church. — This  church,  the  foundation  stone  of  which  was  laid  in  1877  by  his 
Grace  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  has  been  erected  from  the  design  of  Mr.  James 
Eowler,  architect,  of  Louth.  The  style  is  early  decorated,  the  exterior  of  the  edifice  being 
of  Kentish  rag,  with  Bath  stone  dressings.  Internally  it  consists  of  nave,  chancel,  north 
and  south  aisles,  north  transept,  organ  chamber,  and  vestry  on  the  south  side  of  the 
chancel,  and  a  western  porch.  In  length  it  is  nearly  100  feet,  with  a  width  of  25  feet 
inside.  On  entering  the  church  by  the  western  porch  the  introduction  of  colour  into 
the  walls  is  a  very  noticeable  feature,  red  brick  being  the  principal  material  throughout. 
The  handsome  reredos  is  of  Caen  stone,  with  an  alabaster  retable.  On  the  south  side  of  the 
chancel  is  an  arched  sedilia,  and  on  the  north  side  is  the  credence.  The  roofs,  being 
without  breaks  from  beginning  to  end,  give  length  and  a  dignified  appearance  to  the 
building,  and  are  interlaced  with  deal  rafters  and  tie-beams.  The  seating  throughout  is 
of  pitched  pine,  and  arrangements  have  been  made  for  the  accommodation  of  400 
Avorshippers.  Great  variety  is  shown  in  the  treatment  of  the  window  tracery,  and  also  in 
the  exquisite  carving  executed  by  Mr.  Euddock,  of  London.  The  font  was,  with  the  hand- 
some communion  cloth,  presented  by  Mrs.  and  Miss  Heath  and  their  friends. 

Selsdon. — Immediately  adjoining  Sanderstead  is  Selsdon,  which  in  the  tenth  century 
was  the  property  of  Duke  Elfred,  a  Saxon  nobleman,  from  whose  will  Mr.  Manning  derived 
the  following  particulars  : — "Duke  Elfred  died  seised  of  32  hides  in  Sanderstede  and  in 


]rOODMAXSTERNE.  269 

Selcsdiuie  iu  Sandcrstedc,  which  lie  bequeathed,  Avith  the  live  stock  and  all  the  appur- 
tenances to  Werburg  his  wife  for  life,  and  afterwards  to  Aldhryth  his  daughter  and  her 
issue,  and  if  she  had  none,  then  to  his  next  of  kin  by  his  father's  side."  * 

There  can  be  no  doubt  of  the  ancient  estate  called  Sdcsdiinc  having  i'ormed  part  of  the 
manor  of  Sandcrstead  long  before  the  Doomsday  survey;  and  it  was  most  probably  a 
portion  of  the  18  hides  given  to  the  abbey  of  Hyde  by  Ethelfleda,  queen  of  King  Edgar, 
and  mother  of  St.  Edward,  king  and  martyr,  as  stated  in  the  list  of  the  possessions  of  that 
house  recorded  in  a  manuscript  in  the  British  Museum  quoted  by  Dugdalc.f  After  the 
dissolution  of  monasteries  in  the  reign  of  Henry  YIIL,  Sandcrstead,  with  Selsdon,  passed 
through  some  intermediate  ownerships  into  the  possession  of  John  Ownsted,  Esq.,  of 
Sanderstead  Court,  "  Serjant  of  Carriages"  to  Queen  Elizabeth,  as  stated  iu  the  inscription 
to  his  memory  before  noticed.^ 

At  a  subsequent  period  Selsdon  became  the  property  of  the  Bowycrs,  of  Avhom  Aubrey 
says  that  Christoj)her  Bowyer,  gent.,  a  generous  hospitable  person,  "  was  interred  at  the 
east  end  of  the  churchyard  of  Sanderstead,"  but  had  no  memorial  erected  over  his  grave. 
At  that  time  there  was  a  small  house  belonging  to  the  Bowycrs  on  the  site  of  the  present 
mansion.  After  several  intermediate  transfers  Selsdon  came  into  the  possession  of 
Wm.  Coles,  Esq.,  by  whom,  in  1809,  it  was  sold  to  George  Smith,  Esq.,  M.P.,  who,  dying 
iu  1836,  was  interred  at  Sanderstead. §  His  estates  were  inherited  by  his  eldest  son,  Geo. 
E.  Smith,  Esq.,  late  M.P.  for  Midhurst,  and  subsequently  for  High  Wycombe. 

Selsdon  HorsE  is  a  handsome  building,  situated  on  an  eminence  about  thi'ce  miles 
south-east  of  Croydon,  and  commanding  extensive  views  over  Surrey  and  Kent.  It  was 
much  enlarged  by  the  late  i^-oprietor,  and  forms  an  example  of  the  castellated  Gothic 
character.  A  few  years  ago  a  conservatory  was  erected,  from  the  designs  of  Messrs.  "W'yatt 
and  Brandon,  in  the  Elizabethan  style.  The  gardens  are  arranged  in  natural  terraces,  and 
have  also  been  much  embellished  and  improved.  In  its  general  aspect  the  surrounding 
home  scenery  is  singularly  rural  and  retired.  Selsdon  House  is  now  tenanted  by  the 
Bishop  of  Eochester,  Dr.  Thorold. 


WOODMAXSTERNE. 

Woodmanston,  or,  as  written  by  the  parochial  authorities,  Woodmanslcnic,  ia  bounded 
on  the  north  and  east  by  Carshalton,  on  the  south  by  Chipstead,  and  on  the  west  by 
Banstead.      It  is  a  small  parish,  partly  consisting  of  downs,  used  for  sheep-walks,  and 

*  Manning  and  Bray,  "  Suney,"  vol.  ii.  p.  5G8.  +  "  Monasticun,"  vol.  ii.  p.  .33(),  new  edit.  1819. 

t  See  ante,  p.  267.  §  See  anl,;  p.  2G8. 


2  70  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

reported  to  be  the  highest  hiud  in  the  county,  except  Leith  Ilill*  The  soil  is  chalk,  witk 
much  flint.     It  is  described  as  follows  in  the  Doomsday  Book  : — 

"  Eichard  (de  Tonbridge)  holds  in  demesne  Odemerestor.  Azor  held  it  of  King 
Edward  ;  and  it  was  then  assessed  at  15  hides,  and  is  now  at  the  same,  but  never  paid  the 
geld  \iiunquam  (jelJiun  dcdif].  The  arable  land  amounts  to  3  carucates.  There  are  2  caru- 
cates  in  the  demesne ;  and  one  yillain,  and  twelve  cottars,  with  3  carucates.  There  are 
eighteen  bondmen :  and  a  church ;  and  a  mill  at  20s. ;  and  4  acres  of  meadow.  The  wood 
yields  ten  swine.  In  the  time  of  King  Edward  it  was  valued  at  £10  ;  subsequently  at 
100s. ;  and  now  at  £8."  f 

Nigel  dc  Mowbray,  who  lived  in  the  reign  of  Henry  I.,  appears  to  have  held  this 
manor  ;  and  he  gave  to  the  canons  of  St.  3Iary  Overy,  in  Southwark,  the  church  of  Wood- 
mansterne,  with  some  others,  which  grant  was  confirmed  by  the  Bishop  of  Winchester  in 
1174.  The  manor  afterwards  belonged  to  William  de  Ferrers,  Earl  of  Derby,  who  died 
iu  1254,  leaving  by  his  first  wife  Sibil,  daughter  of  William  Marshall,  Earl  of  Pembroke, 
seven  daughters,  one  of  whom,  Maud,  Avas  thrice  married,  and  by  her  first  husband, 
William  de  Kyme,  she  had  two  daughters,  Mabel,  the  eldest  of  whom,  was  the  wife  of 
Fulk  de  Archiaco,  who  held  the  manor  as  her  inheritance,  and  died  seized  of  it  in  or  before 
1304.  This  estate  afterAvards  became  the  subject  of  controversy  between  his  descendants 
and  their  representatives  and  those  of  his  wife's  sister  Cecily,  widow  of  John  Beau- 
champ,  of  Hacche,  who  ultimately  vindicated  their  claim  to  the  property.  Woodmansterne 
appears  to  have  been  transferred,  together  Avith  the  Beauchamp  estate  at  Chipstcad,  to 
different  families  till  about  the  middle  of  the  sixteenth  century ;  and  both  were  then  held 
by  the  Scotts  of  Camberwell,  who,  however,  had  only  a  share  of  the  Woodmansterne 
property.  Woodmansterne  seems  to  have  passed,  in  the  same  manner  as  the  Beauchamp 
estate  at  Chipstead,  to  John,  third  Lord  Beauchamp  (who  died  in  35  Edward  III.),  and 
afterwards  to  his  two  sisters  and  coheiresses,  Cecily,  Avidow  of  Eichard  Turbervillo,  and 

*  The  site  of  tlie  parsonaL;c,  a  most  lovely  spot,  tlioiigli  h\  no  means  the  moot  elevated  land  in  the  parish,  is  said  to 
be  on  a  level  with  the  cross  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral. 

+  The  designation  in  the  record  has  been  thought  by  some  to  be  a  mistalie  for  Odemereston.  The  late  Dr.  Buchanan,, 
rector  of  the  parish  for  more  than  half  a  century,  -was,  however,  accustomed  to  observe  that  ode  is  the  Anglo-Saxon  wode, 
emitting  the  ic;  that  mere  is  to  this  day  a  lake,  or  pond,  in  the  north  of  England;  that  this  parish,  high  as  the  ground 
is,  has  a  great  deal  of  wood,  and  several  ponds,  one  of  which  is  called  Mere  Pond;  that  the  first  two  syllables,  therefore, 
give  a  plausible  etymology  for  that  part  of  the  name  ;  but  that  the  last  wants  explanation,  unless  tor  may  be  taken  (and 
apparently  it  may)  as  a  reference  to  tlie  lieight  nf  the  ground.  In  the  Taxation  of  Pope  Nicholas  the  parish  is  styled 
Wodemerethome ;  and  in  the  Inquisili..ius  ju.st  Jrurteni,  iu  the  lime  of  Edward  II.,  AVodemerston  and  AA^odemere- 
thorne.  (Mamiing,  "Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  [i.  4(i(i.)  AVe  are  infovniea,  liowever,  that  in  a  deed  of  29  Edward  I.,  extant 
among  the  papers  of  th.e  Lambert  family  of  tliis  parisli,  the  orthography  is  Ihe  .-^aiae  as  tliat  which  is  now  locally  used— 
iroodmansterne. 


^.^ 


wooin/AxsTj'Rxi-:.  271 

Eleanor,  widow  of  Sir  Jolin  Marriot.  Thoy  appear  to  liavo  eoujointly  coiiveye:!  their 
rights  to  Hugo  Mctche,  knight  of  the  shire  iu  11  Eichard  II.,  and  from  hiiu  it  passed  to 
liis  daughter  and  heiress  Joau,  wife  of  John  Norton,  and  eventually  to  her  grand-daughter 
Joan,  wife  of  John  Skinner,  of  Eeigate,  whose  descendant,  Elizabeth  Skinner,  was  married 
to  John  Scott,  of  Camberwell,  son  of  John  Scott,  a  Baron  of  the  Exchequer,  grantee  of 
Camberwell-Buckingham  by  Henry  YIII.  in  1-321. 

John  Scott  died  in  1508,  seized  of  two-thirds  of  the  manor  of  Woodmansterne.  Eobert 
Harrys,  or  Harris,  had  an  interest  in  this  manorial  estate,  and  in  1G08  Eichard  Eliot,  Esq., 
died  seized  of  a  purparty  of  the  manor.  The  manor-house  is  a  spacious  and  handsome 
dwelling,  a'.;d  its  park-like  grounds  are  laid  out  with  great  taste. 

The  whole  manor  afterwards  became  united  \>j  successive  purchases  in  Sir  Ivlmuud 
Bowyer,  luit.,  of  Camberwell,  and  passed  to  his  nephew,  a  second  Sir  Edmund  liowyer, 
Kut.,  whose  daughter  Elizabeth  was  wife  of  Sir  James  Ashe.  His  daughter  and  heiress, 
llartha,  was  married  to  John  Windham,  Esq.,  of  Earsham,  Norfolk.  They  left  issue  a 
son,  Joseph  Windham,  of  Earsham,  CamberAvell,  and  Woodmansterne,  a  gentleman  of 
considerable  taste  and  accomplishments,  who  contributed  largely  to  the  letterpress  of  the 
"  Ionian  Antiquities  "  published  by  the  Dilettanti  Society,  of  which  he  was  an  active 
member.  He  married  Charlotte,  daughter  ox  William,  first  Lord  Walsiugham,  but  died 
without  issue  iu  1810.  Upon  the  death  of  Mr.  Joseph  Windham's  widow,  who  occupied 
the  manor-house  until  her  death,  the  Woodmansterne  property  passed  to  the  issue  of  his 
sister  Anne,  formerly  married  to  Sir  William  Smijth,  Eart.,  of  Hill  Hall,  Essex,  a 
descendant  of  Sir  Thomas  Smith,  Secretary  of  State  to  Queen  Elizabeth,  Chancellor  of  the 
Order  of  the  Garter,  and  Erovost  of  Eton  College.  Lady  Smijth  loft  three  sons,  mIm 
inherited  this  property  in  succession,  viz.  Sir  Thomas,  who  succeeded  and  died  in  1800 
S.E. ;  Sir  John,  a  commander  iu  the  royal  navy,  who  died  in  1838  S.E. ;  and  Sir  Edward, 
who,  on  acceding  to  the  baronetcy,  took  the  name  of  Eowyer  in  addition  to  that  of  Smijth. 
He  sold  the  manor,  with  the  manor-house  and  about  70  acres  of  laud,  to  the  Eov.  John 
George  Storie,  Vicar  of  Camberwell,  who  resold  it  to  Joseph  Smith,  Esq.,  who  had 
Ijrcviously  purchased  the  Oaks,  in  this  parish. 

The  Lambert  family  had  here  a  house  with  land,  said  to  have  passed  in  regular  descent 
ever  since  the  Conquest.  The  house  has  been  taken  down,  but  the  stone  mautelpiece, 
which  was  in  the  oak-room,  is  preserved  by  the  fiimily. 

Stagbury. — The  house  and  grounds  called  Stagb\iry,  with  an  adjoining  farm  named 
Doghm-st,  were  purchased  in  1800  of  the  representatives  of  General  Hyde  by  Thomas 
Walpole,   Esq.,   eldest  son  of  the  Hon.  Thomas  Walpolc  (second  son  of  the  first  Lord 


112  HISTORY  OF  SURREV. 

Walpole,  of  Wolterton),  avIio  had  formerly  lived  at  Carslialtou  House,  as  mentioned  under 
Carshalton  in  this  -work.  Mr.  "VYalpole,  who  was  many  years  Envoy  Extraordinary  and 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  at  the  court  of  Munich,  retired  from  the  diplomatic  service,  and 
purchased  this  property  in  1800.  He  died  in  1840,  and  was  buried  at  Chipstead,  the 
adjoining  parish.  His  widow,  Lady  Margaret  Walpole,  daughter  of  John,  second  Earl  of 
Egmont,  resided  here  until  her  death  in  185G.  The  Eev.  Thomas  Walpole,  Honorary 
Canon  of  Winchester,  and  Rector  of  Alverstoke,  Hants,  is  the  present  owner  of  Stagbury, 
and  is  an  occasional  resident  there. 

The  advowson  of  this  living  was  given  to  the  priory  of  St.  Mary  Overy,  in  Southwark, 
by  Nigel  de  Mowbray,  in  the  twelfth  century ;  but  it  appears  from  the  Valor  of  20 
Edward  I.  that  the  monks  of  Bee,  in  Normandy,  derived  a  pension  of  30s.  from  its 
revenues.  It  was  then  valued  at  13  marks,  and  in  the  King's  books  at  £11  7s.  Gd.,  paying 
Is.  9d.  for  procurations  and  synodals.  It  is  a  rectory  in  the  rural  deanery  of  Ewell.  The 
Eegistors  commence  in  156G,  but  are  not  complete.  The  patronage  is  vested  in  the 
Crown. 

Rectors  of  Woodmansterne  in  and  since  1800  : — 

1.— Gilbert  Buchanan,  LL.D.     Instituted  in  1784. 

2.— C.  Maitland  Long.     Instituted  in  Feb.,  1834. 

o.— Charles  John  Crawford,  D.l).     Instituted  in  May,  1834. 

L— Alfred  Eoherts,  B.A.     Instituted  in  1871. 

The  church,  dedicated  to  St.  Peter,  was  rebuilt  in  1877-8,  at  a  cost  of  £2,000  :  it 
consists  of  a  nave  and  chancel,  with  a  tower,  containing  two  bells,  surmounted  by  a  spire. 

Formerly  the  farmers  in  this  parish  had  great  difficulty  in  obtaining  a  sufficiency  of 
manure,  and  their  poorer  lands  were  kept  in  sainfoin  seven  or  eight  years  before  being 
broken  up  for  wheat,  which  was  then  sown  without  dressing.  For  many  years  past,  how- 
ever, the  principal  landowners  have,  in  despite  of  a  heavy  expense,  obtained  manure  from 
the  metropolis.     Some  of  the  downs  were  also  broken  up  and  put  imder  tillage. 

The  Oaks. — This  fine  Elizabethan  mansion,  long  the  favourite  Imnting  seat  of  the 
Earl  of  Derbj',  the  founder  of  the  "  Oaks  "  and  the  "  Derby  "  stakes  at  Epsom  races,  is  in 
the  parish  of  Woodmansterne,  about  two  miles  south  from  the  village  of  Carshalton,  and 
on  the  A'erge  of  Banstead  Downs.  It  stands  in  an  extensive  and  well-wooded  park,  and 
took  its  name  from  a  grove  of  ancient  oaks,  called  "  Lambert's  Oaks,"  still  preserved  in  the 
demesne.  The  house  in  its  original  form  was  built  by  a  society  of  gentlemen  known  as 
the  "Hunters'  Club,"  to  whom  the  land  Avas  leased  by  Mr.  Lambert,  Avhose  family  had 


UVODJ/A  XSTERATE. 


273 


been  owners  for  many  generations.  Intended  as  a  place  of  festivity  in  {\\o  linnting  season, 
it  was  occupied  in  succession  by  Mr.  Simmons,  Sir  Tlios.  Gosling  the  banker,  and  General 
I3ui-goyne,  by  tlie  latter  of  -\vliom  the  house  and  grounds  were  much  improved,  and  a  large 
dining-room  built.  Burgoyne  sold  the  lease  to  Edward,  eleventh  Earl  of  Derby,  whoso 
youngest  daughter,  the  Lady  Charlotte,  he  had  secretly  married  when  yet  a  subaltern. 
Whilst  the  Oaks  belonged  to  that  nobleman  a  splendid  fclc  chumpHvc  was  given  here  in 
1774,  in  honour  of  the  approaching  nuptials  of  his  grandson.  Lord  Stanley,  with  the  Lady 
Betty  Hamilton  (the  "  Queen  of  the  Oaks  "),  the  only  daughter  of  the  Duke  of  Hamilton 
and  Brandon  and  the  Duchess  of  Argyll.* 

Lord  Stanley,  afterwards  Earl  of  Derby,  having  acquired  the  fee-simple  of  this  property 
in  1788,  enclosed  much  of  the  common  field,  and  made  a  plantation  about  two  miles  in 
circumference,  the  whole  at  this  time  comprising  upwards  of  180  acres.  Lord  Derby  also 
added,  at  the  west  end,  a  large  brick  building  Math  a  circular  tower  at  each  angle,  a  similar 
erection  at  the  east  end,  but  of  less  elevation,  rendering  the  structure  somewhat  imiform. 
Lord  Derby,  who  was  remarkable  for  his  hospitality,  had  a  pack  of  staghounds  here,  and 
could  accommodate  his  guests  with  upwards  of  fifty  bedchambers. 

After  the  decease  of  the  Earl  in  1834  this  estate  was  transferred  to  Sir  Charles  Grey, 
who  in  1842  disposed  of  it  by  private  contract  to  two  gentlemen,  Joseph  Smith,  Esq.,  and 
John   Jones,  Esq.,  who  had  married  two  sisters;  but  the  arrangement  did  not  last  long, 

*  Lord  Staaley  was  married  at  Argyll  House,  in  LuuJou,  in  1774  ;  but  the  festival  at  the  Oaks  look  place  a 
fortniglit  previous  to  tlie  wedding.  On  tliat  occa,sion  a  magnificent  pa^dlion  of  the  Corinthian  order  was  erected  in  the 
gardens  from  the  designs  of  Robert  Adam,  Esq.,  architect  (one  of  the  builders  of  the  Adelphi),  ^^•hich  included  a  state- 
room 120  feet  long,  with  corresponding  ball  and  supper  rooms,  all  of  which  were  superbly  decorated.  Among  the  invited 
company  (who  were  arrayed  in  fancy  dresses)  were  nearly  three  hundred  of  our  principal  nobility  ;  and  many  thousand 
persons  were  admitted  into  the  grounds  to  witness  the  entertainments,  the  report  of  which  had  e.xcited  great  interest,  this 
being  the  first  fcie.  champitre  given  in  this  country.  All  the  arrangements  were  conducted  \>y  General  Burgoyne,  who 
wrote  a  sylvan  masque  for  this  festival,  the  music  of  which  was  composed  by  Bartliolomew,  and  was  afterwards  introduced 
at  Drury  Lane  Theatre  in  Bui'goyne's  once  popular  drama,  called  The  Maid  of  the  Oaks.  The  rooms  and  gardens  were  at 
night  most  splendidly  illuminated,  and  the  trees  were  hung  witli  festoons  of  beautiful  flowers.  Rural  games  were 
introduced  on  the  principal  la^^^l ;  and  dances,  both  serious  and  comic,  were  performed  under  the  direction  of  the  ballet- 
master  of  the  Opera-house,  independently  of  minuets  and  country  dances  by  the  assembled  company.  The  lady  for 
whose  entertainment  these  joyous  scenes  had  been  devised  died  in  1797 ;  and  the  Earl  married  secondly  the  celebrated 
actress.  Miss  Farren,  who  died  in  1829.  Two  engiavings,  by  Caldwell  ami  C.  Grignion,  of  the  interiors  of  the  ball  and 
supper  rooms  in  the  pavilion  were  published  in  1760.  They  give  a  fair  idea  of  the  gaj'  dresses  of  the  company,  and  of 
the  rich  effect  of  the  architectural  arrangements  and  decorations.  A  detailed  description  of  the  fete  was  published  in  the 
Goitlemaiis  Magazine  for  June,  1774  ;  and  a  more  brief  account  in  the  Annual  Register  for  tlie  same  year.  During  the 
American  war  General  Burgoyne  led  the  army  which  was  to  penetrate  from  Canada  into  the  revolted  provinces.  He 
experienced  serious  revei-ses,  and  was  obliged  to  surrender  his  entire  force  to  the  Americans  at  Saratoga.  Being  disgusted 
with  his  reception  frcm  Government  after  his  return  from  America,  he  resigned  his  military  employments.  Tlie  Maid  of 
die  Oaks  Avas  not  the  only  dramatic  production  of  his  pen :  he  wrote  also  The  Heiress,  and  Richard,  Caur  de  Lion,  and 
converted  Beaumont  and  Fletcher's  Custom  of  the  Country  into  The  Lord  of  the  Manor.  He  died  suddenly  in  1792,  and 
was  interred  in  the  cloisters  of  Westminster  Abbev. 


274  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

and  Mr.  Smith,  wlio  acquired  the  whole  property,  made  very  considerable  interior  altera- 
tions, and  greatly  improved  the  house.  He  continued  residing  there  until  1877,  when  he 
offered  the  Oaks  for  sale  and  removed  to  London,  where  he  died  not  long  after.  The 
Oaks  was  bought  by  the  Earl  of  Kosebery. 


BEDDINGTON. 

This  parish  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Mitcham,  on  the  east  by  Croydon,  on  the 
south  by  Coulsdon  and  Woodmansterne,  and  on  the  west  by  Carshalton.  It  contains 
about  3,930  acres  of  land,  of  the  ratable  value  of  £17,620.  In  the  Conqueror's  time 
there  were  25  plough  lands  in  the  two  manors  noticed  under  Beddingtone  in  the 
Doomsday  Book,  and  which  appear  to  correspond  with  those  afterwards  called  Home- 
Beddington,  or  West  Court,  andHuscarle's  Manor.  Within  this  parish,  also,  are  the  manor 
of  Wallington,  which  gave  name  to  the  hundi-ed,  and  the  reputed  manors  of  Bandon,  or 
Forester's,  Freres,  and  the  Archbishop  of  Nazareth's.* 

Within  this  parish,  and  especially  at  Woodcote,  urns  and  other  relics,  apparently  of 
Eoman  origin,  have  been  foimd.  The  ancient  Stane  Street,  crossing  this  county  from  south 
to  north,  appears  to  have  passed  by  Woodcote,  and  is  supposed  by  Talbot,  the  commentator 
on  the  "  Itinerary  "  of  Antoninus,  to  have  been  the  site  of  the  station  called  Noviomagus  ;\ 
and  Camden  and  other  learned  antiquaries  have  advanced  the  same  opinion.  Salmon  states 
that  foundations  of  buildings  have  been  discovered,  and  lu-ns,  spear-heads,  and  other 
ancient  remains  disinterred  both  at  Beddington  and  Wallington. 

Manor  of  Home-Beddingtok. — "Eobert  de  WatevUe  holds  of  Eichard  [de  Tonbridge] 
Beddingtone,  which  Azor  held  of  King  Edward.  It  was  then  assessed  at  25  hides  :  now 
at  3  hides.  The  arable  land  consists  of  6  carucates.  One  carucate  is  in  demesne ;  and 
there  are  sixteen  villains,  and  foui'teen  cottars,  with  5  carucates.  There  is  a  church ;  and 
five  bondmen ;  and  two  mills  at  40s. ;  and  21  acres  of  meadow.  The  wood  yields  five 
swine.  Fifteen  houses  in  London  pertain  to  this  manor,  paying  12s.  4d.  In  the  time  of 
King  Edward  it  was  valued  at  £10,  and  the  same  at  present ;  but  when  received,  at  £6." 

The  De  Wateviles,  by  purchase  or  otherwise,  subsequently  obtained  full  possession  of 

*  In  26  Echrard  III.  the  Arclibisliop  of  Nazareth  demised  "  his  manor  of  Beddington  "  to  John  Burgeys,  citizen  of 
London,  for  thirteen  years  ;  hut  Manning,  mth  much  probability,  considers  that  this  was  nothing  more  than  a  house 
belonging  to  the  Archbishop,  the  houses  of  the  religious  [ecclesiastics]  being  at  that  time  frequently  called  manors. 
("  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  528.) 

t  See  Leland,  "  Itinerary,"  vol.  iii.  pp.  136,  157. 


BEDDINGTON.  275 

this  manor,  and  held  it  immediately  of  the  Crown  by  the  service  of  rendering  annually  a 
wooden  crossbow. 

In  1159  Ingelram  de  Funtcneys  [Fontibus]  and  Sibyl  de  Watevile,  sister  of  William  de 
Watevile  and  wife  of  Alan  Pirot,  gave  the  advowson  of  the  chiu-ch  of  Bcddiugton  to  the 
priory  of  Bermondsey.*  In  1196  the  estate  had  fallen  into  the  hands  of  the  King,  for  in 
that  year  the  Sheriff  of  Surrey  rendered  an  account  of  £8  for  the  firm  of  Bcdinton,  which 
had  belonged  to  Ingelram  de  Fontibus ;  and  fi-om  the  Testa  do  Nevill  we  find  that  Richard  I. 
gave  10s.  rent  in  Beddington  to  William  de  Ess.  His  son,  Eustace  de  Ess,  died  in  1205, 
and  the  land  again  reverted  to  the  Crown.  Henry  III.  in  1245  granted  to  Eaymuud  de 
Laik,  or  Lucas,  and  his  heirs,  all  the  lands  in  Beddington  formerly  held  by  the  family  of 
Eys,  or  Ess,  to  hold  by  the  service  of  presenting  a  wooden  bow  at  Pentecost. f  Isabella, 
daughter  and  heiress  of  Raymund  de  Laik,  married  Eeginald  Gacelin,  and,  dying  in  1262, 
left  a  son  called  John  de  Eoges,  or  Rogers,  whose  legitimacy  was  disputed  ;  but  afterwards, 
in  1287,  he  paid  20s.  for  the  relief  of  the  lands  held  by  Isabel  of  the  King  in  capite  at 
the  time  of  her  decease.  He  died  without  issue  in  1302,  when  the  manor  escheated  to  the 
King,  Edward  I.,  who  granted  it  to  Thomas  Corbet,  his  valet  {valedus  suns),  to  hold  on  the 
same  terms  as  the  preceding  tenants.  The  estate  remained  in  the  possession  of  the  Corbets 
until  12  Edward  III.,  when  Thomas  de  Merle,  who  had  probably  bought  it  of  the  Corbet 
family,  obtained  the  King's  license  to  hold  it  under  the  same  conditions. 

Some  irregularities  in  the  transfer  of  the  manor  (first  to  Thomas  de  Brayton,  clerk,  and 
secondly  to  Richard  de  Wyloghby,  or  Willoughby,  sen.)  soon  after  took  place;  and  in  1345 
the  King  granted  his  pardon  for  an  alienation  without  license,  on  the  payment  of  a  fine  of 
100s.  Sir  Richard  de  Willoughby  had  an  only  daughter,  Lucy,  married  first  to  Sir 
Thomas  Huscarle,  and  afterwards  to  Nicholas  Carreu,  to  the  latter  of  whom,  and  his  heirs, 
the  fee-simple  of  this  manor  was  alienated  by  his  wife's  father  about  1360,  it  being  then 
of  the  annual  value  of  100s.  Shortly  after  Carreu  purchased  the  other  manor  called 
Huscarle's  ;  hence  both  manors  became  consolidated,  and,  with  a  short  interval,  were  held 
by  the  Carew  family  till  the  present  century. 

Manor  op  Beddinoton-Huscaele. — This  manor  is  thus  described  in  the  Doomsday 
Book : — "  Milo  Crispin  holds  Beddingtone,  and  William  the  son  of  Tui-old  holds  it  of  ]iim_ 
Ulf  held  it  of  King  Edward  ;  and  it  was  then  assessed  at  25  hides ;  now  at  3  only.  There 
are  6  carucates  of  arable  land.  One  is  in  demesne ;  and  thirteen  villains,  and  thii'toeu 
cottars  have  6  carucates.  There  is  one  bondman,  and  two  mills  at  35s.,  and  20  acres  of 
meadow.     The  wood  yields  five  hogs.     In  the  time  of  King  Edward  the  manor  was  valued 

*  Dugdale,  "  llonasticon,''  vol.  v.  p.  97.  +  Cart.  Antiq.  K.  K.  7,  29  Hen.  III.  in  Hurl.  MS.  Ko.  80. 

N   N   2 


276  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

at  £10  ;  afterwards  at  £6  ;  and  now  at  £9  10s.  Twenty-one  houses  (13  in  London,  and 
8  in  Sudwerche,  Southwark)  belonging  to  this  manor,  which  paid  12s.,  have  been  detached, 
and  are  held  by  Earl  Eoger  [de  Montgomery]." 

This  manor  appears  to  have  been  held  by  the  Huscarles  as  early  as  the  reign  of  King 
John,  who  granted  to  Dionysius,  his  chaplain,  land  at  Bedington  which  had  belonged  to 
William  Huscarle.  The  Lady  Beatrice  Huscarle  was  in  possession  in  1321,  and  in  1348 
Bishop  Edindon  granted  a  license  to  Sir  Thomas  Huscarle,  and  Ijucy  his  wife,  to  have  a 
private  chapel  in  their  manor-house  at  Beddington.  In  the  following  year  it  was  found 
that  Simon  at  Woodcote  held  a  toft  and  6  acres  of  land  here,  from  Thomas  de  Huscarle,  by 
the  service  of  one  rose,  of  the  value  of  3s.  per  annum.  After  the  decease  of  Sir  Thomas, 
his  relict,  as  before  stated,  married  Nicholas  de  Carreu,  who  subsequently  obtained  from  the 
several  coheirs  of  Sir  Thomas  Huscarle  releases  of  all  their  respective  claims  and  rights  as 
to  this  property. 

■Nicholas  de  Carew  in  1362  was  one  of  the  knights  of  the  shire  for  Surrey,  and  in  1372 
he  was  made  Keeper  of  the  Privy  Seal  by  Edward  TIL,  who  likewise  appointed  him  one  of 
his  executors.  He  died  in  1391,  seized  of  the  manors  of  Home-Beddington  and  Huscarles, 
and  several  other  manors  in  the  neighbouring  parishes.* 

Nicholas,  his  son  and  heir,  was  Sheriff  of  Surrey  in  15  Eichard  II.,  and  again  in  2 
Henry  lY. :  he  also  represented  this  county  in  several  Parliaments.  In  9  Henry  Y,  he 
made  a  settlement  of  his  estates,  from  which  it  appears  that  he  had  manors  and  possessions 
in  at  least  eighteen  different  parishes  in  Surrcy.f  Dying  in  1432,  he  bequeathed  this 
manor  to  Nicholas,  his  second  son  (his  eldest  having  previously  deceased),  Sheriff  of  Sui'rey 
in  19  Henry  YI.  He  married  Margaret,  daughter  of  Sir  Eoger  Ficncs,  Knt.,  by  whom  he 
had  two  sous,  Nicholas  and  James,  of  whom  the  former  succeeded  him  in  1458.  He  died 
in  1466,  leaving  an  only  son,  a  minor,  after  whose  decease  without  issue  this  property 
descended  to  Eichard  Carew,  only  son  of  the  above  James,  by  his  wife  Eleanor,  a  daughter  of 
Thomas,  Lord  Hoo  and  Hastings,  and  of  his  second  wife  Eleanor,  daughter  of  Leonard,  Lord 
Welles,  of  which  family  her  issue  were  also  coheirs.  Eichard  Carew  was  made  a  Knight 
Banneret  at  the  battle  of  Blackheath  in  1497,  in  1501  he  was  Sheriff  of  Surrey,  and  was 
Ijieutenant  of  Calais  in  the  reigns  of  Henry  YII.  and  Henry  YIII.     He  officiated  as  sewer 

*  By  his  will,  dated  at  Beddington  in  1387,  lie  directed  that  liis  body  should  be  interred  between  the  grave  of  his 
brother  John  and  the  south  door  of  the  Ohurch  of  St.  Mary  at  Beddington  ;  and  he  devised  considerable  legacies  to  that 
church,  and  for  other  religious  purposes.  He  gave  to  his  daughter,  Margaret  Turbevyle,  100  marks  ;  to  his  daughter 
Lucie,  Prioress  of  Roospan-e  [Rusper,  in  Sussex],  ^10  ;  to  Joan  Huscarle,  a  nun,  40s.  ;  leaving  the  residue  of  his  property 
between  Ms  son  Nicholas  de  Cairu  and  Nicholas  de  Mockyng. 

+  Vide.  Rot.  Glaus.  9  Henry  V.  m.  6. 


BEDDINGTON. 


«77 


at  the  enthronisation  of  Ai-clibishop  Warhaiu  iu  150^-5,  aud,  dyiug  in  1-j20,  was  interred 
in  the  ehurcli  at  Beddington. 

Sii-  Nicholas  Carew,  his  sou  and  heir,  succeeded  his  father  in  the  lieutenancy  of  Calais. 
He  became  a  great  favourite  with  Heni-y  VIII.,  who  appointed  him  one  of  the  Gentlemen  of 
his  Privy  Chamber,  and  he  was  for  several  years  the  almost  constant  companion  of  the  King, 
*'  and  a  partaker  with  him  in  all  justs,  toui'naments,  masques,  and  other  diversions  of  the 
same  kind,  with  which  that  reign  abounded,"  and  which  are  so  minutely  described  in  Ilall's 
Chi-onicle.*  In  1523  he  was  made  Master  of  the  Horse,  and  afterwards  a  Knight  of  the 
Garter.  Notwithstanding  his  great  obligations  to  his  master,  he  appears  to  have  engaged 
in  a  conspiracy  with  the  Marquis  of  Exeter  ;  Henry  Pole,  Lord  Montacute  ;  Sir  Edward 
Neville,  and  other  zealous  Catholics,  to  overthrow  his  government,  and  seat  Cardinal  Polo 
upon  the  throne.  The  plot  was  discovered  through  the  agency  of  Sir  Geoffrey  Pole,  Lord 
Montacute's  brother,  and  all  the  conspirators  wore  executed.  Sir  Nicholas  himself  was 
beheaded  on  Tower  Hill,  iu  March,  1539,  when,  according  to  Holinshcd,  he  made  "  a  godly 
confession,  both  of  his  fault  and  superstitious  faith."  He  was  buried  in  St.  Botolph's, 
Aldersgate,  where  there  is  a  small  monument  inscribed  with  his  name. 

The  forfeited  estates  of  Sir  Nicholas  were  seized  by  the  Crown,  aud  the  custody  of 
the  manor-house  at  Beddington  was  intrusted  to  Sir  Michael  Stanhope.f  The  manor 
was  subsequently  granted  for  life  to  Walter  Gorges,  who  died  in  1553,  aud  in  the  same 
year  the  King  regranted  this  and  other  estates,  the  property  of  the  Carews,  to  Thomas, 
Lord  D'Arcy,  of  Chiche,  then  Lord  Chamberlain,  in  exchange  for  manors  and  lands  in 
Essex,  which  he  had  previously  bestowed  upon  that  nobleman. 

Sii'  Francis  Carew,  only  son  of  Sir  Nicholas  by  Elizabeth  his  wife,  daughter  of  Sir 
Thomas  Brian,  Knt.,  was  in  the  service  of  Queen  Mary,  by  whose  grant  he  obtained  the 
restitution  of  his  ancestral  inheritance,  aud  who  had  taken  a  reconveyance  from  Lord 
D'Arcy  of  all  the  Carew  estates  given  to  him  by  her  brother.  For  greater  security,  how- 
ever. Sir  Francis  himself  took  a  new  conveyance,  by  purchase  from  that  nobleman,  under 

*  The  following  anecdote  relating  to  Sir  Nicholas  Carew  is  given  by  Fuller  : — "  Tradition  in  this  family  reportetli, 
how  King  Henry,  then  at  howli,  gave  this  Knight  opprobrious  Language,  betwixt  jeit  and  earnest,  to  which  tlie 
other  returned  an  Answer  more  true  than  discretionary,  as  more  consulting  therein  his  own  Animosity  than  Allegiance. 
The  King,  who  in  this  kind  would  r/ive  and  not  tah,  being  no  Good  Fellow  in  tart  Repartees,  wa-s  so  highly  offended 
thereat,  that  Sii'  Xicholas  fell  from  the  top  of  his  Favour  to  the  bottom  of  his  Displeasure,  and  was  bruised  to  Death 
thereby.  This  was  the  true  cause  of  his  Execution,  though  in  our  Chronicles  all  is  scored  on  his  complying  in  a  Plot 
with  Henry,  marc^uess  of  Exeter,  and  Henry,  Lord  Montague." — Worthies,  vol.  ii.  p.  379,  edit.  1811. 

t  Among  the  Harleian  MSS.  is  a  voliune  containing  an  inventory  of  the  wardrobe  of  Henry  VIII.,  including 
"  The  Guarderobe  at  the  Mannour  of  Bedington  in  the  Countie  of  Surrey,  iu  the  Charge  of  Sir  Micliael  Stanhopp,  Knight, 
Keaper  of  the  same  House."  In  this  inventory  is  mentiofied  a  press,  made  with  drawers,  full  of  Evidences,  Court  Rolls, 
and  other  writings,  "  as  well  concerning  Sir  Nicholas  Carew,  his  landes,  as  other  men's  landes."  {Vidi  Harleian  MSS. 
No.  1419,  art.  30,  fol.  373.) 


278  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

a  license  granted  in  2  and  3  of  Philip  and  Mary.  After  being  thus  secaired  in  the  full 
possession  of  his  estate,  this  gentleman  erected  at  Beddington  a  magnificent  mansion,  in 
which  he  was  twice  visited  by  Queen  Elizabeth,  in  1599  and  1600.  He  died  unmarried 
in  1611,  having  bequeathed  this  and  other  estates  to  Sir  Nicholas  Throckmorton,  the 
youngest  son  of  his  sister  Anne,  whom  he  had  adopted,  and  who  assumed  the  name  and 
arms  of  Carew.  He  died  in  1644;  and  his  son  and  successor,  Sir  Francis  Carew,  K.B., 
died  in  1649.  From  that  time  the  inheritance  descended  regularly  to  Sir  Mcholas  Carew, 
created  a  Baronet  in  1714,  and  elected  a  knight  of  the  shire  for  Surrey  in  1722.  He 
died  in  1726-7,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  grandson.  Sir  Nicholas  Hacket  Carew,  Bart., 
whose  decease  occurred  in  1762.  By  his  will  he  devised  all  his  estates  to  Mr.  William 
Pellatt,  an  attorney,  in  trust,  to  permit  his  only  surviving  daughter  Catheriae  to  hold 
the  manor  of  Beddington  for  life,  and  to  pay  her  the  net  amount  of  the  rents,  if  she 
continued  single ;  but  on  her  death  or  marriage  the  estate  was  to  devolve  on  the  eldest 
and  other  sons  of  his  cousin.  Dr.  John  Fountain,  Dean  of  York,  in  tail  male ;  remainder 
to  the  eldest  son  of  his  kinsman,  William  Farrer,  in  tail  male ;  remainder  to  the  eldest 
son  of  Eichard  Gee,  Esq.,  of  Orpington,  in  Kent,  descended  from  Philippa  Carew,  an 
aunt  of  Sir  Nicholas  Carew,  Bart.,  mentioned  above.  Miss  Catherine  Carew  died 
unmarried  in  1769,  and  the  only  son  of  the  Dean  of  York  having  died  in  1780,  before 
he  had  attained  the  age  of  twenty-five,  at  which  he  was  to  inherit,  the  estate  came  into 
the  possession  of  Eichard  Gee,  Esq.,  who  in  1780  obtained  an  Act  of  Parliament,  autho- 
rising him  to  take  the  name  and  arms  of  the  family  of  Carew.* 

The  Manor  of  Wallington. — This  manor,  called  Waleton  in  the  Doomsday  Book, 
gave  name  to  the  hundred,  and  is  thus  described : — "  The  King  holds  Waleton  in  demesne. 
It  was  assessed  at  11  hides  in  the  time  of  King  Edward,  as  at  present.  The  arable  land 
Consists  of  11  carucates,  one  of  which  is  in  demesne ;  and  there  are  fifteen  villains,  and 
fourteen  bordars,  with  10  carucates.  There  are  three  bondmen  ;  and  two  mills,  at  30s. ;  and 
8  acres  of  meadow.  The  wood  belonging  to  it  is  in  Kent.  Eichard  de  Tonbridge  holds 
of  this  manor  1  virgate,  with  the  wood,  whence  he  removed  a  countryman,  who  dwelt 
there.  Now  it  yields  to  the  Sheriff  10s.  a  year.  The  whole  manor,  in  the  time  of  King 
Edward,  was  valued  at  £15  ;  now  at  £10." 

It  is  stated  in  the  Testa  de  Nevill  that  Hemy  II.  granted  a  part  of  the  manor  of 
Waletun,  in  the  hundred  of  Waletun  (or  Wallington),  to  Maurice  de  Creon,  who  gave  it, 
with  his  daughter,  to  Guy  de  la  Yal ;  and  he,  according  to  Manning,  having  joined  the 

t  Manning,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  527.  See  also  tlie  pedigree  of  Carew  in  the  same  volume.  Further  particulars  of 
the  descent  will  be  annexed  to  the  account  of  the  manor-house. 


BEDDINGTON.  279 

barons  in  the  war  against  King  John,*  his  estate  was  seized  by  the  officers  of  the  Crown, 
and  John  Fitz-Lucy,  who  subsequently  obtained  a  grant  of  it,  incurred  a  forfeitui-o  by 
remaining  in  Normandy :  the  King  then  gave  it  to  Eustace  de  Curtenay,  or  Courtenay. 
Passing  successively  through  the  families  of  Salinis,  de  la  Lynde,  Lodelawe,  Dymock, 
Harrington,  Carew,  Spencer,  Bowyer,  and  Spencer,  this  estate  was  afterwards  conveyed  to 
William  Bridges,  Esq.,  Surveyor  General  of  the  Ordnance,  and  he,  dying  in  1714,  devised 
it  to  his  sister,  Elizabeth  Bridges,  spinster,  who  resided  at  Walliagton  House.  She  died  in 
1745,  having  by  her  will,  dated  in  1743,  bequeathed  this  property  to  her  great-nephew. 
Bridges  Baldwin,  Esq.  (afterwards  knighted),  with  remainders,  on  failure  of  his  issue 
male,  to  two  other  great-nephews,  ia  consequence  of  which  the  estate  descended  to 
William  Bridges,  Esq.,  who,  dying  in  1805,  devised  it  to  Brook  Bridges,  Esq.  His  son 
John  afterwards  possessed  the  property,  which  subsequently  passed  to  Nathaniel  Bridges, 
Esq.,  the  present  owner. 

The  Manob  of  Bandon. — But  few  notices  of  this  manor  are  found  ia  ancient  records. 
Lysons  says,  "  It  probably  took  its  name  from  Margery  de  Bandon,  or  some  one  of  that 
name,  whose  property  it  was;  her  land  is  mentioned  ia  an  old  rental  of  Eeginald 
Forester's."  It  is  more  probable,  however,  that  the  family  to  which  this  lady  belonged 
Avas  named  from  the  manor,  over  which  seignorial  jurisdiction  was  claimed  by  Edmund, 
Earl  of  Cornwall,  in  1279.  In  3  Edward  II.  Simon  Stowe  appears  to  have  had  property 
here,  for  in  that  year  he  obtained  a  writ  ad  quod  Damnum  for  the  brethi'en  of  the 
Hospital  of  St.  Thomas,  Southwark,  relative  to  the  transfer  of  a  messuage  and  lands  in 
Bedyngton,  Bandon,  and  other  places  in  Siu'rey.  Early  in  the  reign  of  Edward  III. 
Eegiaald  le  Forester  held  a  messuage  and  80  acres  of  land  in  Bandon  and  Beddington  of 
Thomas  Corbet,  as  of  his  manor  of  Beddington,  by  the  service  of  83.  4d.  a  year,  and  the 
grant  was  confirmed  by  letters-patent  dated  13  Edward  III.  The  manor  of  Bandon, 
together  with  Beddiagton,  at  length  came  into  the  possession  of  the  Carew  family,  and 
Nicholas  Carru,  in  1448,  obtained  a  grant  of  the  leet  of  Bandon  and  Beddington,  at 
an  annual  rent  of  6s.  8d.  Beddiagton  House,  with  other  estates  of  the  Carews,  in 
recent  years  passed  to  the  Bridges  famUy;    and  the  Eev.  Alexander  H.  Bridges,  son 

*  Banks  ("  Dormant  and  Extinct  Baronage,"  vol.  i.  p.  66),  probably  on  the  authority  of  Dugilale,  says,  "  Tliis  Uiiy, 
who  married  the  daughter  of  Maurice  de  Creon,  died  in  the  first  of  John;  and  was  succeeded  by  GUbert  de  la  Val, 
said  to  have  been  in  arms  against  King  John,  in  the  17th  of  his  reign."  Matt.  Paris  ("  Hist.  Angl."  p.  252)  mentions 
Gilbert  de  la  Val  as  one  of  the  twenty-five  barons  appointed  to  secure  the  performance  of  the  stipulations  contained 
in  the  Great  Charter  and  the  Forest  Charter  extorted  from  King  John,  and  ho  appears  to  have  been  a  prominent 
member  of  the  confederacy  against  that  tyrannical  prince.  Gilbert  de  la  Val  therefore,  who  may  have  been  the 
brother  or  nephew  of  Guy,  must  have  been  the  baron  whose  estate  at  Waletun  was  seized  by  King  John,  and  thus 
permanently  alienated. 


28o  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

of  the  late  Sir  Henry  Bridges,  is  tlie  present  lord  of  the  manor  and  patron  of   the 
advowson.* 

The  living  of  Beddington  is  a  rectory  in  the  deanery  of  Ewell,  valued  in  the  Taxa- 
tion of  Pope  Nicholas  at  40  marks,  from  which  was  deducted  100s.  payable  to  the  Prior 
of  Bermondsey,  to  whom  the  advowson  had  been  given  by  Sibylla  de  Wateville  and 
Ingram  de  Pountcnays,  the  owners  of  the  manor,  in  1159 ;  and  in  1530  Sir  Nicholas 
Carew  presented  to  the  rectory,  on  demise  from  the  abbot  and  convent.  On  the  subse- 
quent dissolution  of  the  monastery  and  the  attainder  of  Carew,  the  patronage  became 
vested  in  the  Crown ;  but  Sir  Francis  Carew,  having  procured  a  reversal  of  his  father's 
attainder  and  recovered  the  family  estates,  had  this  advowson  also,  which  remained 
annexed  to  the  manor,  and  is  now  held  by  the  Rev.  Alexander  H.  Bridges,  as  above 
mentioned.  In  the  King's  books  the  value  of  the  living  is  stated  at  £13  16s.  8d.,  paying 
for  synodals  9s.  8|d.t  In  1841  the  tithes  were  commuted  for  a  rent-charge  of  £1,212 
per  annum.     The  Eegisters  commence  with  1538.     Among  the  entries  is  the  following: — 


*  Of  the  other  manors,  or  rejiuted  manors,  in  this  parish  but  little  information  can  be  obtained.  That  called 
Forester's  may  have  been  so  designated  from  Reginald  le  Forester,  who  held  lands  in  Bandon  and  Beddington  in 
3  Edward  IIL,  in  wliich  year  he  probably  died.  Reginald  le  Forester,  who  had  a  license  for  an  oratory  in  his  manor- 
house  in  tlie  parish  of  Beddington  in  1347,  may  have  been  the  son  of  this  gentleman.  The  manor  appears,  at  length,  to 
have  been  united  with  that  of  Bandon  ;  for  Nicholas  Carew,  Esq.,  who  died  in  1467,  is  stated,  in  the  Inquisitiones  post 
Mortem  for  6  Edward  IV.,  to  have  been  seized,  inter  alia,  of  the  manor  of  Bandon,  aUas  Forsters. 

The  estate  here  belonging  to  the  brethren  of  the  Hospital  of  St.  Thomas,  Sonthwark,  already  noticed  in  the  account 
of  Bandon,  was  styled  the  manor  of  the  Freres,  Friars,  or  Bretliren.  In  the  reign  of  Richard  II.  it  was  granted  to 
Nicholas  Carreu  in  exchange  for  some  lands  at  Lambeth,  as  appears  from  the  Patent  Rolls  of  the  second  year  of  that  king. 

The  prior  and  convent  of  Merton  held  lands  and  tenements  in  Beddington,  Bandon,  and  WaUington  in  the  reign  of 
Edward  III.  It  appeal's,  from  the  valuation  of  ecclesiastical  property  made  in  32  Henry  VIII.,  that  there  was  a  fee-farm 
rent  of  6s.  8d.  from  lands  at  Bedyngton,  £2,  from  Cross  lands  in  Wallyngton,  and  2s.  from  a  mill  there,  belonging  to  the 
priory  at  its  dissolution.     (Dugdale,  "  Monast."  vol.  ^^.  p.  248.) 

t  In  1454  a  commission  was  issued  to  inquire  into  the  value  of  this  rectory,  and  in  the  certificate  retiimed  to  the 
bishop  (Waynflete)  was  a  specific  statement  both  of  its  revenues  and  its  reprises,  or  deductions.  We  gather  fi-om  it  that 
at  the  time  wheat  was  5s.  a  quarter,  barley  3s.  a  quarter,  and  oats  20d.  a  quarter  ;  that  the  value  of  a  lamb  was  6d.,  and 
a  fleece  of  wool  2id.  ;  the  tithe  of  the  mill  was  16s.  8d.  ;  that  of  the  rabbits  and  doves  of  Nicholas  Carew  13s.  4d.  ;  and 
of  the  rabbits  of  Synclo  (probably  Saintlow)  2s.  :  the  offerings  amounted  to  18s.  The  total  of  the  revenues  was 
£21  2s.  3d. ;  and  that  of  reprises — which  included  the  charges  for  collecting,  carrying,  and  threshing  the  corn,  for 
collecting  the  wool  and  lambs,  lor  bread,  wine,  frankincense,  and  was  (3s.  4d.),  for  annual  repairs  (£1),  and  the  Abbot 
of  Bermondsey's  pension  (.£5) — amounted  to  £11  15s.  4id.  (Lysons,  "Environs,"  vol.  i.  pp.  62,  63;  from  Regist. 
Winton.) 

A  distinct  portion  of  the  revenues  of  this  living,  forming  a  sinecure  benefice,  was  detached  from  it  at  an  early  periodi 
the  patronage  of  wliich  was  annexed  to  the  manor  of  Beddington-Huscarle.  Its  emoluments  in  1473,  estimated  at  40s. 
net,  principally  arose  from  the  tithes  of  200  acres  of  land,  called  Huscarles  Feod  (fee),  on  the  north  side  of  the  church, 
and  from  a  house  and  20  acres  of  land  on  the  south  side.  The  Rev.  Charles  Carew,  who  held  the  superior  rectory  of 
Beddington  from  1530  to  1540,  was  also  the  portionist,  or  holder,  of  this  free  benefice.  After  his  attainder  and  execution 
as  an  accomplice  in  the  plot  for  which  his  relation  (Sir  Nicholas  Carew)  suffered,  the  King,  in  1540,  presented  this 
sinecure  to  Richard  Benese,  who  is  the  last  portionist  whose  name  occurs  in  the  Registers  of  the  diocese.  He  had  been 
a  canon  of  Merton  Priory,  and  was  the  author  of  a  treatise  on  the  Mensuration  of  Land,  of  which  an  early  edition  was 
printed  in  St.  Thomas's  Hospital,  Sonthwark.  In  the  King's  books  this  portion  is  valued  at  £8  12s.  Id. :  it  accounted 
for  2  marks  to  Bermondsey  Abbey. 


BEDDINGTON.  agi 

"William  Stuart,  commonly  called  Old  Scott,  aged  one  hundred  and  ten  years  and  two 
months,  was  buried  Jan.  31,  1704-5." 

Rectors  of  Beddington  in  and  since  1800  : — 

1.- — John  Bromfield  Ferrers,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1783  ;  died  iu  1811. 

2. — James  Hamilton,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1841. 

2,.— William  Harsh,  D.D.     Instituted  in  18G0;  died  in  18G4. 

4. — Alexander  Henry  Bridges,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1864. 

Among  the  rectors  of  Beddington  w^as  John  Leng,  D.D.,  who  in  1723  was  made 
Bishop  of  Norwich,  and  held  this  living,  in  commcndam,  until  his  death  in  1727.  This 
prelate  preached  the  sermons  at  Boyle's  Lecture  in  Bow  Church  in  1719,  afterwards 
published  :  he  likewise  published  other  sermons,  and  was  the  editor  of  two  Comedies 
of  Aristophanes,  and  of  the  Comedies  of  Terence.  He  was  buried  at  St.  Margaret's, 
Westminster. 

Beddington  Church  is  mentioned  in  the  Doomsday  Book,  but  no  part  of  the  present 
structure  can  be  referred  to  the  remote  era  of  that  record.  It  would  seem,  indeed,  from 
the  style  of  the  architectm-e,  to  have  been  erected  during  the  reign  of  Eichard  II. — a 
surmise  receiving  corroboration  from  a  bequest  made  in  1390  by  Nicholas  de  Carrcu, 
the  first  lord  of  Beddington  of  that  name,  of  £20  "  to  the  building  of  the  church."  This 
edifice  is  dedicated  to  St.  Mary,  and  consists  of  nave  and  aisles,  a  chancel,  and  at  the 
west  end  a  massive  tower  containing  ten  bells,  together  with  a  large  south  porch,  and  a 
mortuary  chapel  attached  to  the  chancel,  and  opening  into  it,  on  the  south  side,  formerly 
belonging  to  the  Carew  family,  but  recently  sold  to  II.  Trittou,  Esq.  The  tower,  which 
is  supported  by  strong  buttresses  at  the  angles,  was  partly  rebuilt  on  the  old  plan  about 
1829,  at  an  expense  of  £350  ;  and  iu  1839  a  rate  (amounting  to  £160)  was  granted  b}- 
the  parish  for  repaii-ing  the  roof  and  interior  of  the  church.  In  1852  the  church  was 
again  restored,  and  a  north  aisle  built,  at  a  cost  of  £3,000.  In  1869  an  organ  chamber 
and  vestry  were  added,  the  chancel  entirely  restored,  and  numerous  other  improvements 
made,  at  a  further  expenditure  of  about  £10,000.* 

*  The  following  particulars  respecting  the  charities  in  tliis  parish  are  inscribed  in  this  church  :— 

"  Donations  and  Bequests  to  the  parish  of  Beddington  and  Wallington. 

"  December  5th,  1825,  Mrs.  Ann  Paston  Gee  bequeathed  by  her  Will  £1,000,  to  be  invested  in  the  funds,  the  interest 
thereof  to  be  given  to  the  poor  on  Christmas  eve,  in  every  year."  The  interest  (X30)  is  expended  in  clothing,  &c.,  whii^h  is 
distributed  among  the  poor  by  the  rector  and  churchwardens. 

1625.  "  Henry  Smith,  l>y  will,  bequeathed  £i  per  year  to  the  poor  of  Beddington."  Expunded  on  the  aged  and 
infirm,  and  in  apprenticing  poor  children. 

"  February  6th,  1830,  John  Bristow,  Esq.,  XlOO  interest." 

"  Several  allotments  of  land  were  awarded  by  the  Commissioners  under  tlie  Beddington  Enclosure  Act  [52  Geo.  IU. 
VOL.  III.  O  O 


282  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

This  church  contains  a  pulpit  of  Elizabethan  workmansship,  a  fine  old  oak  chancel 
screen,  some  curious  old  wooden  stalls  having  turn-up  seats,  or  miseries,  ornamented 
with  foliage,  shields,  a  female  head  in  a  reticulated  head-dress,  and  other  carvings.*  The 
entrance  doorway  to  the  tower  is  formed  by  a  higb-pointed  arch,  over  which  is  a  very 
large  and  handsome  window,  comprising  three  tiers  of  trefoil-headed  lights  progressively 
rising  to  the  apex.  There  is  an  ancient  font  of  a  square  form,  but  witb  a  circular  basin : 
it  is  supported  by  a  central  and  four  smaller  columns  standing  on  a  Ioav  plinth.  In  the 
north  aisle  is  a  painting  in  thirteen  panels  representing  the  Day  of  Judgment.  The 
gallant  Admiral  Sir  John  Leake,  in  1710,  whilst  residing  in  this  parish,  gave  to  the 
churcb  an  altar-piece,  with  the  Decalogue,  the  Creed,  &c.  On  the  north  side,  opposite  the 
pulpit,  is  the  handsome  monument  of  Nicholas  Carew,  Esq.  (second  son  of  Sir  Nicholas 
Carew,  Bart.),  who  died  in  1721-22,  and  his  wife  Ann,  daughter  of  Sir  Stephen  Lennard, 
Bart.,  of  Wickham  Court,  in  Kent :  she  died  in  1722,  and  was  buried  here  in  the  same 
vault  with  her  husband.  It  is  of  white  marble,  and  consists  of  a  large  inscribed  tablet 
in  Latin,  surrounded  by  pendent  drapery,  and  crowned  by  a  belmet  and  shield  of  arms, 
viz. — Carew,  impaling  or,  on  a  fess  gu.  three  fleui's-de-lis  of  the  field,  for  Lennard. 

Against  the  south  wall  of  the  cbancel  is  afiixed  a  large  upright  monument  of  an  architec- 
tural kind,  having  Corinthian  pilasters  at  the  sides,  and  a  cornice  above,  upon  which,  between 
two  flaming  urns,  are  a  shield  of  arms,  crest,  and  mantling.  The  iascription  is  in  Latin,  and 
records  the  piety  and  virtues  of  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Wm.  Chapman,  gent.  :  she  died  in  1718. 

In  the  pavement,  immediately  in  front  of  the  altar  steps,  is  a  slab  of  black  marble, 
9  feet  in  length  and  4  feet  in  breadth,  inlaid  with  full-length  brasses  of  Nicholas 
Carreu  (the  second  of  that  name  who  settled  at  Beddington),  and  Isabella  his  first  wife, 
who  died  many  years  before  him.  They  are  standing  under  a  rich  Gothic  canopy,  as 
shown  in  the  opposite  woodcut.     The  inscription  is  as  follows  : — 

/  Ju  nrrtcta  ct  mtscvicDrIii;t  Jet  Iiic  iactnt  corpovrt  (^icholai  Carreu, 
Gravestone        I  ..._,.  ^         ,..•,,       ^     i  ■, 

'  -rmtgcri,  xt  ^  lu  flitoniam  Iitttas  biHe,  JsabcUc  tt.vorts  sttf,  tt 


Nicholas  Camieu  <  l^homc  fllii  cortt'icm ;  xjiti  tiitiicm  ^ichfllas  stncv  tt  jilciuia  Jicr' 
'^^^  j  in   )jacc  fluicbit  xptarto  bie  mcnsis  ^Stptfiiris,  JVimo  Jomini 

/tt  tccc  .-cxxii". 


c.  208],  for  the  use  of  the  poor.  They  also  awarded  a  piece  of  land,  called  Church  ilead,  to  Beddington  Church,  1  acre 
and  29  perches." 

"  Mrs.  Ann  Paston  Gee  gave  a  piece  of  land  called  Cats  Brains,  containing  3  acres  and  5  perches,  in  exchange  for 
cottages  and  land  on  Chats  Hill,  also  belonging  to  Beddington  Chirrch." 

"  William  Bridges,  Esq.,  gave  .£200,  3  per  cent  Consolidated  Bank  Annuities,  to  the  poor  of  the  hamlet  of  Walling- 
ton,  on  account  of  the  enclosure  of  a  piece  of  land  in  the  same  hamlet." 

*  It  seems  probable  that  the  above  stalls  were  originally  provided  for  the  "  four  fit  chaplains  "  which  Sir  Nichohxs 
de  Carreu,  in  his  will  (before  noticed)  dated  in  1387,  and  proved  at  Croydon  in  Sept.,  1390,  directs  "  should  be  found, 
one  of  them  for  ever,  and  the  others  for  five  years,  to  pray  for  his  soul,  and  all  Christian  souls,  in  the  church  of  Bedding- 
ton."— Lambeth  Register,  Courtney,  f.  147,  b. 


BEDDINGTON. 


283 


At  the  corners  were  the  symbols  of  the  evangelists,  and  above  and  below  the  canopy 
these  arms,  viz. —  Or,  three  lions  passant,  sab.  for  Carcw ;  and  Carcw  imp.  gu.  two  lions 
passant,  arj.  for  Dclamar. 

In  the  Carew  Chapel,  partly  separated  from  the  chancel  by  a  wooden  screen,  and 
having  a  distinct  entrance,  are  several  interesting  monuments,  the  oldest  being  that  of  the 
founder,  Sir  Kichard  Carew,  Knight  Banneret,  Go- 
vernor of  Calais,  and  his  wife  Malyn,  or  Magdalen, 
who,  according  to  the  Carew  pedigree  in  Lyson^^'s 
"  Environs,"  was  a  daughter  of  Sir  Eobert  Oxen 
bridge,  Knt.  It  consists  of  an  altar  tomb  oi 
freestone,  surmounted  by  a  kind  of  framcwoik, 
ornamented  with  vine-branches,  armorial  bearin^> 
&c.,  and  enclosing  a  recessed  elliptical  arch  cii 
riched  with  Gothic  panelling.  On  the  tomb  ■u  ei  c 
formerly  small  brasses  of  a  knight  in  armour  and 
his  lady,  now  gone,  and  along  the  verge  an 
inscription  in  black  letter,  of  which  the  latter  pait 

only    remains,    viz. — whichc   S''   Richaid 

decessyd  the  xxili  day  of  May ^  Anno  dm  31°  F°  1  x  ; 
6,-  the  said  dame  Malyn  dyed  y'  day  of         An° 

Over  this  monument  is  an  upright  memorial  of 
much  elegance  for  Sir  Nicholas  Carew,  Bart.,  who 
died  in  1742,  his  relict  Catherine,  and  their 
daughter  of  the  same  name ;  also  of  Eichard  Geo, 
of  Orpington  in  Kent,  Esq.,  who  took  the  name 
of  Carew  on  succeeding  to  the  Beddington  property 
in  1780,  and  died  in  1816.  It  consists  of  a  framed 
tablet,     surmounted    by    a    beautifully    wrought 

canopy,  ornamented  with  -sane-branches,  &c.,  in  open-work  sculpture,  above  A\hi(h  is 
the  emblem  of  the  Holy  Spirit.  Over  the  inscription  arc  the  arms,  supporters,  and  crest 
of  the  Carew  family  in  relief.  The  whole  is  of  piu-e  white  marble  on  a  dove-coloured 
background,  and  was  executed  by  Westmacott. 

Near  the  above  is  a  small  but  very  neat  mural  monument,  inscribed  by 
Sir     Erancis    Carew,    K.B.,    to    Mary   (daughter   of   Sir    George    More,    of    Loscley), 


284  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

his   "Deare    Mother,   the    Lady   Carew,    late  wife   of    Sir    Nicholas   Carew,    of  Bed- 
dington," 

"  Wiose  virtuous  life  doth  memory  deserve, 
Who  taught  her  children  Heaven's  Great  God  to  serve." 

She  died  in  1633. 

Farther  eastward,  and  guarded  by  iron  rails,  is  the  costly  monnment  of  Sir  Francis 
Carew,  Knt.,  which  is  wrought  of  different-colom-ed  marbles,  and  must  be  regarded  as  a 
line  example  of  the  sepulckral  style  of  James  I.'s  reign.  It  consists  of  a  long  altar  tomb, 
upon  which,  between  two  Corinthian  columns  of  black  marble,  supporting  an  enriched 
entablature,  lies  a  full-length  statue  of  the  deceased,  sculptured  in  alabaster,  upon  a  mat. 
lie  is  represented  in  complete  armour,  but  with  a  skull-cap  instead  of  the  helmet ;  his 
hands  are  as  in  prayer.  At  the  back  are  two  framed  tablets,  each  of  which  is  bordered  by 
six  small  shields  of  arms,  viz. : — ■ 

On  the  left :  1st,  Quarterly,  saJ.  and  arg.  for  Hao  ;  impaling  or,  a  Hon  rampant,  douhle-queued,  sab. —  Welles. 
2nd,  or,  three  lions  passant,  sab. — Carew ;  imp.  gii,.  a  lion  rampant  arg.  witliin  a  border  az.  bezanty — Oxenlridge. 
3rd,  arg.  three  snakes,  nowed,  prop,  for  Odron  (an  Irish  barony)  ;  imp.  gu.  a  dexter  arm,  prop,  habited  with  a 
maunch,  erm.  holding  a  fleur-de-lis,  or — Mohun.  4th,  Carcxu,  imp.  Hoo.  5th,  Carew,  imp.  arg.  three  piles, 
wavy,  issuing  out  of  the  chief,  and  nearly  meeting  in  base,  vert,  within  a  border,  az.  bezanty — Bryan.  6th,  Carew, 
imp.  an.  on  a  cross  arg.  five  martlets,  sab. — More,  of  Loseley.* 

In  front  of  the  tomb,  on  a  low  plinth,  and  kneeling  upon  cushions,  are  small  figures  of 
a  knight  in  armour,  and  his  lady  in  a  ruff  and  long  cloak,  together  with  five  sons  and  two 
daughters,  the  latter  wearing  ruffs  and  farthingales.  These,  as  we  learn  from  an  aflixed 
tablet,  represent  Sii"  Nicholas  Thi'ockmorton,  alias  Carew,  who  erected  this  monument 
"  to  the  memorie  of  his  deare  and  well  deserving  unckle ;  "  Mary,  his  wife,  eldest  daughter 

*  The  inscriptions  are  as  follows,  the  one  being  in  English,  the  other,  which  is  sufficiently  laudatory,  in  Latin : — 

Here  resteth  Sir  Feancis  Carew,  Knight,  sonne  and  heire  of  Sir  Nicholas  Carew,  Knight  of  the  honor- 
able Order  of  the  Garter,  Maister  of  the  Horse,  and  Privye  Councellour  to  King  Henry  the  VIII.  The  said 
Sir  Francis  living  unmarried,  adopted  Sir  Nicholas  Throckmorton,  sonne  of  Anne  Throckmorton,  his  sister,  to  be 
heire  of  his  estate,  and  to  beare  his  surname ;  and  having  lived  Ixxxj  yeares,  he  in  assured  hope  to  rise  in  Christ 
ended  this  transitory  Hfe  the  xvj  day  of  May  mdcxi. 

Virtutis  splendore,  et  equestri  clarua  honore, 
Peanoiscus  Caeew  conditur  hoc  tumulo  : 
Principibus  fidus,  percharus  amicus  amicis, 

Pauperibus  largus,  munificusq'  bonis. 
Hospitio  excepit  Reges,  proceresq'  frequenter, 

Hospitibus  cunctis  semper  aperta  domus. 
Innocui  mores  niveo  candore  pohti, 

Luigua  dolo  caruit,  mens  sine  fraude  fuit. 
Laudatam  vitam  laudand^  morte  peregit, 
Solus  in  extremis  anchora  Christus  erat. 
Avunculo  optimfe  merito  Nepos  moastissimus 
Hoc  monumentum  honoris  et  memoriae  ergo  posuit. 


BEDDIXGTUX. 


28s 


of  Sii-  George  More,  of  Loseley,  Kut. ;  and  their  issue,  namely,  "  Francis,  Nicholas,  George, 
Edmund,  Oliphe,  Elizabeth,  and  IMarie."  At  each  end,  over  the  entablature,  is  an  obelislc, 
and  in  the  middle,  crowning  the  ^yhole,  a  large  shield,  with  mantling  and  helmet,  of  the 
Carew  arms  and  quartcrings,  viz.  :— 

1st,  Carav  ;  iwA,  Odron  ;  3ril,  Mohun  ;  4tli,  Hoo  (all  as  before  described).  5th,  gu.  a  fess  clieckie,  sab.  and 
arg.  betw.  six  cross  crosslets  of  the  first.  Cth,  ax.  three  sinister  hands,  couped  at  the  WTists,  arg. — Malmains. 
7th,  emi.  on  a  chief,  a~.  three  cross  pattt'es,  arg. —  JFichingham.  8th,  as.  a  fret,  arg.  9th,  Welks.  10th,  gu.  a 
fess  dancette,  betw.  six  cross  crosslets,  or.  11th,  barry  of  six,  crm.  and  gu.  over  all  three  crescents,  arg.  12th, 
Bryan. 

The  annexed  woodcut,  executed  from  an  etching  that  belonged  to  the  late  Arthur 
Tyton,  Esq.,  of  Wimbledon,  reja'csents  a  knight  of  the  Carew  fainilj", 
as  exhibited  by  a  small  brass  figure  formerly  on  his  tomb  in  Bedding- 
ton  Church.  lie  is  in  plate  armour,  with  a  sword  and  dagger,  and 
the  family  arms  are  embroidered  upon  his  surcoat.  The  brass,  which 
was  twenty  inches  in  length,  was  stolen  many  years  ago. 

Below  the  east  window  is  a  neat  monumental  sarcophagus  inscribed 
to  the  memory  of  Admiral  Sir  Benjamin  Hallowell  Carew,  G.C.B., 
one  of  the  officers  under  Nelson  at  the  battle  of  the  Nile,  who  died  in 
1834.  It  is  decorated  with  a  flag  (the  staff  broken),  a  naval  sword,  a 
branch  of  laurel,  and  the  word  "Nile."  Another  memorial,  on  the 
north  side  of  the  window,  records  the  decease  of  Wm.  Gee,  Esq.  (of 
Beddingtou),  in  1815;  also  that  of  his  relict,  Ann  Paston  Gee,  in 
1828.  The  inscriptive  tablets  are  surmounted  by  the  arms  and  crest 
of  the  deceased,  the  whole  being  enclosed  in  a  border  of  vine-branches, 
rising  from  the  plinth,  which  is  supported  by  blank  shields.* 

Affixed  to  the  wall  under  the  north  gallery  is  a  wooden  frame 
enclosing  a  brass  tablet  thus  inscribed  : — 

MOKS   SVPER  ViEIDES   MoNTES. 

Thos.  Greenhill  Borne  &  Bredd  in  y"  famoves  University  of  Oxoii  Bachelor  of  Artes  &  sometyines 
Student  in  Magd.  Coll.  Steward  to  y'  noble  S'  Nicholas  Carew  of  Beddington :  who  deceasd  Sept.  17th  day 
An"  1633.     Aged  33  years. 

Will.  Greenhill,  Master  of  Artes,  his  brother,  and  Mary  his  sister,  to  his  memory  erected  this  : 
Vnder  thy  feete  interrd  is  here 
A  native  bom  in  Oxfordsheere. 


*  The  arms  of  Gee,  as  certified  at  the  College  of  Anns  in  May,  1779,  are— Quarterly,  1st  and  4th,  gu.  a  sword  in 
bend,  ppr.,  hilt  and  pommel  or  ;  2nd  and  3rd,  quarterly,  arg.  and  gu.,  on  the  2nd  and  3rd  quarters,  a  fret,  or;  over  all,  on 
a  bend  sab.,  three  escallops  of  the  first.  Crest — A  gauntlet,  erect,  ppr.,  grasping  a  sword  of  the  last,  hilt  and  pommel  or. 
On  the  monument  these  arms  are  impaled  with  the  follovs-ing,  namely  :— On  a  chev.,  betw.  three  roses,  three  trefoils 
slipped. 


HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

First,  life  and  learning  Oxford  gave 
Surrey  to  him  his  death  and  grave. 
Hee  once  a  Hill  was  fresh  and  Qreene 
Now  witlier'd  is  not  to  bee  seene. 
Earth  in  Earth  shove! 'd  is  shut 
A  Hill  into  a  Hole  is  put. 
Dan.  xii.  3.         But  darksome  Earth  by  Power  Divine 
Mar.  xiii.  43.      Bright  at  last  as  a  Sun  may  shine. 

W.  G. 


At  the  top  are  a  skull  and  cross-bones,  on  each  side  a  skeleton,  and  at  the  bottom  a 
hour-glass  and  this  sentence  : — 

SicvT  HoEA  Sic  Vita. 

There  are  many  tombs  and  other  sepulchral  memorials  in  the  churchyard,  the  principal  of 
which  are  in  memory  of  different  individuals  of  the  Bridges  family,  of  Wallington  House. 
Against  the  chancel  wall,  on  the  south  side,  is  an  inscribed  tablet  commemorative  of  the 
Eev.  J.  B.  Ferrers,  M.A.,  a  former  rector,  who  died  in  1841.  The  walls  and  ceilings  of 
this  church  are  elaborately  decorated  in  colour,  and  the  edifice  is  lighted  by  thirteen 
richly  stained  windows,  one  of  which  was  inserted  in  1874  as  a  memorial  to  the  late 
Dr.  Samuel  Wilberforce,  Bishop  of  Winchester.  The  aisles  are  partly  shrouded  with 
ivy,  and  some  noble  elms  and  a  wide-spreading  yew-tree  overshadow  the  graves  in  this 
enclosure. 

Beddington  Park,  the  long-continued  residence  of  the  ancient  family  of  the  Carews, 
is  now  the  locale  of  the  Female  Orphan  Asylum.  It  immediately  adjoins  the  church,  and 
is  distant  from  Croydon  about  one  and  a  half  miles.*  It  has  already  been  stated  that 
Eichard  Gee,  Esq.,  on  whom  this  property  devolved  in  1780,  took  the  name  and  arms  of 
Carew  under  the  authority  of  an  Act  of  Parliament.     That  gentleman,  dying  luimarried 


*  Aubrey,  after  describing  Beddington  as  a  small  village  "  noted  for  little  but  the  family  and  name  of  Caret", 
proceeds  thus  : — 

"  The  seat  of  this  family  stands  low,  in  a  moorish  soil,  but  much  assisted  by  art :  it  is  a  handsome  pile  of  building, 
having  before  it  neat  gardens,  not  yet  finished,  with  several  canals,  and  an  orchard ;  but  what  more  particularly  deserves  our 
notice,  is  the  fine  Orangerie,  where  are  several  Orange-trees  (transplanted  from  the  warmer  breezes  of  Italian  air,  into  our 
more  inclement  climate),  planted  in  the  open  ground,  where  they  have  throve  to  Admiration  for  above  a  whole  Century ; 
but  are  preserved  during  the  AVinter  Season,  under  a  movable  [shed,  or]  Covert.  They  were  brought  from  Italy  by 
Sir  Francis  Carew,  knt.  (who  built  the  old  mansion-house),  and  it  was  the  first  attempt  of  the  kind  that  we  hear  of." — 
Surrey,  vol.  ii.  pp.  159,  160. 

In  the  "  Biographia  Britannica,"  article  Ralegh,  is  a  somewhat  different  account  of  these  orange-trees :  the  editors 
relate,  "  from  a  tradition  preserved  in  the  family,  that '  they  were  raised  by  Sir  Francis  Carew  from  the  seeds  of  the  first 
oranges  imported  into  England  by  Sir  Walter  Ralegh,  who  had  married  his  niece,  the  daughter  of  Sir  Nicholas  Throck- 
morton.' It  has  been  stated  that  most  of  the  trees  were  thirteen  feet  high  in  1690,  and  that  at  least  10,000  oranges  were 
gathered  from  them  in  that  year.  They  continued  to  flourish  for  about  a  century  and  a  half,  but  were  destroyed  by  the 
hard  frost  in  the  winter  of  1739-40." — Lysons,  Environs,  vol.  i.  p.  57. 


.ri 


BEDDIXGTOX. 


287 


in  1816,  demised  his  entire  property,  both  real  and  personal,  to  Mrs.  Aim  Paston  Gee, 
widow  of  his  brother,  "William  Gee,  who  had  been  resident  at  Bcddington,  and  had  died 
there  in  1815.  Mrs.  Gee  died  in  1828  ;  and,  having  no  issne,  she  bequeathed  all  lier  estates 
in  Kent  and  Surrey  to  her  first  cousin,  Admiral  Sir  Eenjamiu  Ilallowell,  G.C.B.  (born  in 
Canada),  who,  pursuant  to  her  will,  assumed  the  name  and  arms  of  C'arew  by  royal  license, 
dated  iu  the  same  year.*  On  the  Admiral's  decease  in  1834,  he  was  succeeded  by  his  eldest 
son,  Capt.  Charles  Hallowell,  who  also  took  the  name  and  arms  of  Carew,  by  royal  license, 
in  1835. 

About  1865  Bcddington  Park,  as  such,  was  broken  up,  and  it  has  sitice  been  converted 
to  different  purposes.  The  mansion  itself  was  purchased  by  the  committee  of  the  Female 
Orphan  AsTLUir,  an  institution  originally  established  in  "Westminster  Bridge  Bead, 
Lambeth,  1758. t  It  is  intended  to  hold  200  orphans,  and  the  average  number  of  children 
always  in  the  institution  is  160.  The  endowed  charities  produce  £76  annually,  so  that 
the  institution  is  mainly  dependent  upon  voluntary  contributions  for  support.  The 
building  underwent  considerable  alteration  to  suit  the  requirements  of  the  Orphan  Asylum, 
and  the  inmates  were  removed  hither  in  1866. 

Of  the  original  mansion  erected  by  Sir  Francis  Carew,  and  in  which  he  had  twice  the 
honour  of  receiving  the  visits  of  Queen  Elizabeth  %  (as  alluded  to  in  the  panegyrical  verses 

*  After  receiving  the  congratulations  of  a  friend  on  liis  accession  to  tlie  Carew  property,  the  gallant  Admiral 
pensively  remarked,  "Half  as  much  twenty  years  ago  Iiad  indeed  been  a  blessing  ;  but  I  am  now  old  and  crank."  He 
was  then  in.  his  sixty-eighth  year.  Neither  he  nor  Jlrs.  C!ee  had  any  connection  in  blood  with  the  ancient  family  of 
Carew. 

+  See  page  87  anU. 

X  Eowland  Wliyte,  writing  to  Sii'  Roliert  Sydney  from  Nonsuch  "  this  Saturday  Noone,  18  August  1599,"  says, 
"Her  Majestie  hath  been  at  Benington,  Thursday  and  Friday,  and  returned  Yesternight  hither."  In  another  letter  to 
the  same  person,  dated  Saturday,  the  16th  of  August,  IGOO,  he  says,  "  Her  Majestie  is  very  well,  I  thancke  God  ;  for, 
since  Wednesday,  she  hath  bene  at  Bedington  ;  vpon  Thursday,  she  dined  at  Croiden  with  my  Lord  of  Canterbury,  and 
this  day  returns  to  Nonsuch  again."    {Vide  "  Sydney  Papers,"  vol.  ii.  pp.  118,  210.) 

Sir  Hugh  Piatt,  in  his  "  Garden  of  Eden"  (p.  165),  relates  an  anecdote  which  shows  the  flattering  attention  which 
Sir  Francis  bestowed  on  his  royal  visitor.  "  Here  I  will  conclude,"  he  says,  "  with  a  conceat  of  that  delicate  knight 
Sir  Francis  Carew,  who  for  the  better  accomplishment  of  his  royal  entertainment  of  our  late  Queen  Elizabeth  of  happy 
memory,  at  his  house  at  Bedington,  led  her  Majesty  to  a  Cherry-tree,  whose  fruit  he  had  of  purpose  kept  back  from 
ripening,  at  the  least  one  month  after  all  cherries  had  taken  their  farewell  of  England.  This  secret  he  performed  by  so 
raising  a  tent  or  cover  of  canvas  over  the  whole  tree,  and  wetting  the  same  now  and  then  with  a  scoop  or  horn,  as  the 
heat  of  the  weather  required;  and  so  by  withholding  the  sun-beams  from  reflecting  upon  the  berries,  they  grew  both 
great,  and  were  very  long  before  they  had  gotten  their  perfect  cheiTy  colour :  and  when  he  was  assured  of  her  Majesty's 
coming,  he  removed  the  tent,  and  a  few  sunny  days  brought  them  to  their  full  maturity."  At  that  time,  as  appears  from 
Aubrey,  there  was  a  summer-house  in  the  grounds,  at  the  top  of  which  was  painted  the  "  Spanish  Invasion."  Tlie 
Queen's  Oak  and  her  favourite  walk  arc  still  pointed  out. 

The  following  particulars  relating  to  the  "  Guarderobe,"  or  Wardrobe,  which  belonged  to  Sir  Nicholas  Carew,  of 
Beddington,  and  was  seized  with  his  other  property  by  Henry  VIII.,  are  extracted  from  the  manuscript  account  in  the 
Harleian  Library,  already  referred  to  in  page  277  :— 

"Hangings  of  Tapstry,  olde  and  soore  worne.  First,  Gone  peace  of  Tapstry  of  a  Quene  sittinge  vnder  a  clothe  of 
estate,  having  a  grene  gowen  of  redde  Itraunches,  and  ij  boies  at  her  fecte,  conteynyng  in  length  iiij  yards  di.  and  in 


288  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

on  his  monument),  not  any  part  remains  except  the  great  hall.  The  mansion,  as  it  existed 
clown  to  the  time  it  was  purchased  by  the  Female  Orphan  Asylum,  was  built  about  1709, 
at  which  time  Beddington  was  in  the  possession  of  Sir  Nicholas  Carew,  created  a  Baronet  by 
Queen  Anne.  It  was  a  brick  edifice,  with  stone  dressings,  and  consisted  of  a  centre  and  two 
deep  wings,  forming  three  sides  of  a  square,  the  intermediate  area  being  enclosed  from  the 
grounds  by  iron  railings.  The  north  wing  was  not  habitable,  the  whole  interior  having  been 
destroyed  by  fire  soon  after  it  was  finished,  and  never  restored.  The  great  hall,  which  still 
forms  the  central  part  of  the  building,  is  an  admirable  specimen  of  the  domestic  architecture 
of  the  Elizabethan  age.  The  roof  is  constructed  of  oak  in  the  manner  of  our  college  halls  ; 
the  principal  ribs  spring  from  large  carved  brackets,  gilt,  and  form  an  equilateral  pointed 
arch,  which,  being  underset  with  smaller  ribs,  assumes  the  trefoil  character :  over  each  arch 
is  a  strong  beam,  forming  a  brace  with  the  rafters.  The  flooring  is  composed  of  lozenge- 
shaped  slabs  of  black  and  white  marble,  and  the  walls  are  wainscoted  with  oak  in  panels : 
those  above  the  windows  are  decorated  with  paintings  of  military  and  naval  trophies,  executed 
in  imitation  of  bronze.  Over  the  door  on  the  south  side  is  a  large  boldly  carved  and  finely 
emblazoned  shield  of  the  Carew  arms  (in  twelve  quarterings),  supporters,  and  crest,  together 
with  an  escutcheon  of  pretence  on  the  nombril  point,  viz. — Arg.  three  fleurs-de-lis,  in  bend, 

debthQ  iij  yards  iij  quarters,  having  a  lioole  in  tLone  side.  Item,  Oone  pece  of  Tapstry  w'  a  white  Lyon  in  hit,  and  a 
King  sittjTig  in  his  Ma"«  and  ij  quenes  kneling  before  hym  in  grene  gownes,  th'one  full  of  red  harth,  [liarts?]  cout.  in 
lengthe  v  yards  iij  qrt.  and  in  depthe  iij  yards  iij  qrters."  Thirty  pieces  of  tapestry  are  described,  displaying  little 
variety  in  the  subjects.  One  piece  exhibited  a  fountain  -ivith  Cupids  at  the  top,  and  divers  musicians  playing  and  singing, 
having  a  scutcheon  under  the  fountain,  with  a  herpe  [harp]  in  it :  in  another  was  represented  a  man  in  harness,  pulling  a 
woman  to  him,  and  divers  other  harnessed  men  taking  women  by  violence ;  but  in  most  of  the  tapestries  kings  and  othei- 
personages  appeared  sitting  in  state.  "  Hanging  of  Verdours."— These,  from  the  description,  appear  to  have  been  hunting 
pieces.  There  were  four  sets  of  these  hangings,  the  first  of  which  is  thus  described : — "  Five  old  pieces  of  Verdours,  with 
beasts  and  fountains, — quarter  lined,  and  all  burnt,  moth-eaten,  and  perished,  with  holes  in  the  bottom.  There  were 
three  other  sets  of  Hangings,  of  a  different  kind.  Carpetts  ;  nine  in  number,  among  them  four  old  coarse  Carpets  of 
Verdours,  with  a  small  scutcheon  in  them.  Cheyres.  Firste,  Oone  olde  Chaier  of  wood  covered  with  grene  velvet,  lacking 
the  backe.— It'm,  Oone  other  old  Chaier  of  wood,  covered  w'  p'rple  velvet  pirled,  the  seate  blewe  velvet."  "Cusshions" 
of  cloth  of  gold  and  silver,  velvet,  and  satin.  Four  sets  are  described,  some  of  them  pieced  and  sore  worn.  "  BeddestecUs 
w'  thapparell." — Two  are  noticed  at  some  length.  They  were  ornamented  with  black  velvet,  and  cloth  of  gold  and  silver. 
Beddes  and  Pillowes  are  also  mentioned.  "  Spavars." — Three  of  Sey  and  cloth,  and  one  of  black  satin.  "  Counterpointes." 
—Seven  are  described,  with  the  subjects  represented  on  them.  "  Fustyans." — With  these  are  included  One  low  stool,  for 
a  woman,  very  mean,  covered  with  purple  velvet  "  fremyd  "  with  Venice  gold,  old  and  very  mean  ;  and  one  piece  of 
arras.  "  Sondry  Percelles." — The  items  under  this  head  require  no  notice  except  the  last,  relating  to  the  Library,  which 
is  somewhat  curious,  viz. : — "  It'm,  A  great  booke  of  parchement,  vnritten  and  lymned  w'  gold  of  graver's  worke,  De  Con- 
fessione  Amantis,  w"'  xviij  other  bookes  written  and  prynted  of  dyvers  histories,  viz.  le  p'imer  volume  de  Launcelot,  le 
p'imer  volume  de  Enguerram  de  Monstrellet,  le  ij"*'  volume  de  Enguerram  de  Monstrellet,  le  premier  volume  de  Frosart, 
le  ij''«  volume  de  Frosart,  le  thirde  volume  de  Frosart,  le  ij''"  volume  de  Orose,  le  tres  volumes  des  Cronesques  de  Fraunce ; 
ensuyment  les  Faictz  I'Ordeny  des  Christyans,  le  graunt  vioge  de  Herusalem."  From  the  repetition  of  the  entries  it 
seems  that  there  must  have  been  two  or  more  copies  of  the  Histories  of  Froissart  and  Orosius. 

It  appears,  from  some  Council  books  preserved  in  the  library  of  the  Duke  of  Buckingham  at  Stowe,  that  Henry  VIII. 
lield  a  Council  in  the  old  manor-house  at  Beddington  in  1541,  about  two  years  after  he  became  possessed  of  the  estate  by 
the  attainder  of  Sir  Nicholas  Carew. 


a<^  tf^^^  G>^?^2^:^Wi^^*'^^=*^ 


j-jONDON.VlRCi:.".  &c? 


BEDDINGTON.  289 

between  two  cotises,  gu. ;  and  the  motto,  "  Nil  conscire  slbi."  *  On  the  opposite  wall, 
above  the  fii-eplace,  is  a  carved  trophy  in  very  bold  relief,  which  exhibits  almost  every 
kind  of  military  implement,  whether  of  ancient  or  modern  warforc,  known  in  Elizabeth's 
reign.  The  old  fireplace  has  been  filled  in  with  coving,  &c.,  and  andirons  (3  feet  G 
inches  in  height)  substituted ;  the  ends  are  of  brass,  and  each  ornamented  with  a  dcmi- 
savage,  supporting  an  eagle.  On  the  great  entrance  door  is  a  very  curious  lock,  of  the 
same  age  as  the  hall ;  it  is  wrought  of  iron,  and  covered  with  elaborate  Gothic  tracery 
richly  gilt :  the  keyhole  is  concealed  by  a  shield  of  the  royal  arms,  which  moves  in  a 
groove,  and  slides  down  on  touching  a  knob  in  the  form  of  a  monk's  head. 

The  lower  story  of  the  south  wing  contained  the  dining  and  drawing  rooms  and  other 
large  apartments,  together  with  a  long  gallery  that  extended  through  its  entire  length. 
Besides  the  old  hall,  much  of  the  garden  wall  has  also  been  preserved. 

The  grounds  retained  many  characteristics  of  the  old  school  of  gardening,  among 
which,  towards  the  east,  was  a  waterfall  supplied  by  the  river  Wandle,  which  intersects 
the  park  in  its  course  to  the  Thames.  The  park,  which  was  between  thi-ee  and  four  miles 
in  cii-cumference,  is  well  wooded,  and  at  one  time  abounded  with  deer.  A  portion  of  the 
park  was  purchased  and  converted  into  a  sewage  ground  for  Croydon,  and  in  carrying  out 
the  work  the  remains  of  a  Eoman  villa  were  discovered. 

In  this  parish  are  some  almshouses  for  the  benefit  of  poor  persons,  called  St.  Mart's 
nospiTAi,  which  were  built  as  a  memorial  to  the  Eev.  James  Hamilton,  Eector,  who  died 
in  1860,  Additions  have  since  been  made  to  these  almshouses  by  the  Eev.  Alexander 
II.  Bridges  in  memory  of  liis  parents,  and  also  by  Mrs.  Hamilton  (the  widow  of  the  Eev. 
James  Hamilton)  and  her  brother-in-law,  Dr.  Culhane. 

The  principal  landowners  in  this  parish  are  the  Eev.  Alexander  H.  Bridges,  Bcddiugtou 
House ;  Nathaniel  Bridges,  Esq.,  Wallington  House ;  and  Andrew  A.  CoUyer-Bristow,  Esq., 
Beddington  Place.  The  Woodcote  (or  Woodcott)  Farm,  comprising  about  800  acres,  is 
occupied  by  Mr.  James  Arnot. 

In  the  hamlet  of  "Wallington,  which  is  about  half  a  mile  from  the  scattered  village  of 
Beddington,  and  fully  twice  as  extensive  in  buildings  and  population,  was  an  ancient  chapel 
standing  in  a  field  near  the  public  road,  and  latterly  used  as  a  stable  and  cart-house.  It 
was  built  of  stone  and  flints :  on  each  side  of  the  east  window  was  a  niche  of  rich  Gothic 
architecture,  and  at  the  south-east  corner  was  another  niche  for  holy  water.     From  the 

*  The  supporters  are — Antelopes,  </«.  armed  and  ungnled  arg.,  originally  or.  The  crest  is — A  demi-lion' rampant, 
between  six  half-pikes,  all  issuant  from  the  round-top  of  a  mainmast,  or.  Aubrey  remarks  that  this  noble  family,  having 
had  the  honour  of  the  peerage  in  it,  still  retains  tlie  same  form  of  bearing  witli  sujtpoiiers,  an  honour  not  annexed  to  tlie 
baronetship.     ("Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  IGS.) 

VOL.  III.  P  P 


290  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

total  silence  of  the  records  in  the  Eegistry  of  Winchester  concerning  this  structure,  Mr. 
Lysons  regarded  it  as  a  mere  private  chapel,  but  others  have  surmised  that  it  was  a 
chapel-of-ease,  originally  bnilt  for  the  convenience  of  the  inhabitants  of  Wallington. 
About  1791  it  was  pulled  down,  by  its  proprietor,  in  opposition  to  the  expressed  desire  of 
the  parishioners.*  In  the  grounds  of  "Wallington  Manor-house  is  a  vaulted  crypt  of 
fifteenth-centiuy  workmanship  :  it  is  approached  by  a  cii'cular  newel  staircase  from  the 
garden. 

In  consequence  of  the  increase  of  population  in  the  hamlet  of  Wallington  through  the 
sale  of  ground  in  the  manor  of  Bandon,  a  new  ecclesiastical  district  was  assigned  to  it  in 
1867.  The  Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  built  by  Mr.  Nathaniel  Bridges,  the  patron  and 
lord  of  the  manor,  is  of  early  English  architecture :  it  has  an  octagonal  apse,  nave,  aisles, 
and  spire,  and  will  accommodate  540  worshippers. 

There  are  two  parochial  schools  at  Wallington  for  boys  and  girls  respectively :  the 
district  also  possesses  two  railway  stations. 

BEBniNGTON  AND  Wallington  Field  Gardens. — Thc  working  classes  in  this  parish 
have  been  greatly  benefited  by  the  establishment  here,  in  1835,  of  a  "Labourer's  Friend 
Society,"  for  the  adoption  of  the  allotment  and  cottage-garden  system;  that  is,  by  letting 
small  quantities  of  land  to  the  day-labourer  at  a  fair  rental,  calculated  upon  the  average 
value  of  the  farming  land  in  the  neighbourhood.  This  most  praiseworthy  institution  was 
suggested  by  Nicholas  Carlisle,  Esq.,  K.H.  (Secretary  to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries),  when 
a  resident  here ;  and  that  gentleman,  with  John  Bridges,  Esq.  (lord  of  the  manor  of 
Wallington),  the  Eev.  Thos.  King,  and  William  Scott  Preston,  Esq.,  formed  the  first  com- 
mittee of  management ;  and  a  piece  of  land  adjacent  to  the  Hollow  Eoad,  connected  with 
the  open  common  fields,  was  appropriated  by  Mr.  Bridges  for  commencing  the  experiment. 
The  success  attending  it  induced  the  Eev.  James  Hamilton,  the  then  rector,  to  apportion 
some  of  the  glebe  land  for  the  same  purpose',  thus  extending  the  whole  to  30  acres. 

It  has  already  been  mentioned  [vide  p.  274)  that  Camden  and  several  other  anti- 
quaries agree  in  fixing  the  station  which  Ptolemy  calls  Neomayus,  and  Antoninus 
Noviomagiis,  at  Woodcote,  where,  says  Camden,  "are  evident  traces  of  a  small  town,  and 
several  walls  formed  of  flints ;  and  the  neighbours  talk  much  of  its  populousness,  and 
wealth,  and  many  nobles :  "  its  distance  from  London,  also,  he  considers  to  strengthen 
this  conjecture.  l)r.  Gale,  in  his  Commentary  on  Antoninus,  expresses  a  similar  opinion, 
and  conceives  that  the  established  tradition  of  this  being  formerly  a  place  of  much 
consequence  is  sufficiently  corroborated  by  the  several  vestiges  of  antiquity  at  difi'erent 

*  Lysons,  "  Environs,"  vol.  i.  p.  66,  and  vol.  vi.  (Supplement),  p.  7. 


CARSHALTON.  291 

times  discovered  here,  "  such  as  foundations  of  houses,  tracts  of  streets,  hewn  stones,  tiles, 
<and  above  all,  the  number  of  wells  here  met  with,  and  some  of  an  extraordinary  depth." 
Horslev,  likewise  (in  his  "Britannia  Eomana"),  after  referring  to  the  tlifferent  opinions  on 
the  subject,  conciu-s  with  the  above  authorities  in  considering  Woodcoto  as  the  site  of  the 
Noviomagus  of  the  "Itinerary."* 


CARSHALTON. 

This  parish,  on  the  north  side  of  the  Downs,  adjoins  Bcddiugton  on  the  east,  Sutton 
on  the  west,  Mitcham  on  the  north,  and  Woodmansterne  on  the  south.  It  contains 
about  2,900  acres,  and  is  of  the  ratable  value  of  £7,720. 

Carshalton  (the  Aultone,  or  Old  Town,  of  the  Doomsday  survey)  is  evidently  a 
place  of  considerable  antiquity.  According  to  the  probable  conjectures  of  Salmon, 
Manning,  and  others,  it  acquired  "the  addition  of  Cross,  Cross-Atdton,  from  some  cross 
in  the  neighbourhood,  such  being  frequently  to  be  met  with  at  the  intersection  of  great 
roads,  the  rather  as  there  are  lands  in  this  parish,  partly  in  Beddington  and  Wallington, 
which  were  known  by  the  name  of  Cross-lands."  It  appears  that  about  the  reign  of 
King  John  Cross-Alton  had  become  EresaUon :  the  orthography  has  since  varied  in  the 
records  to  Crossalton,  Kersalton,  and  Carsaltou;  but  it  has  for  nearly  two  centuries 
been  uniformly  written  Carshalton.  The  Eoman  road  called  the  Stane  Street  passes 
through  tliis  parish.     The  manor  is  thus  described  in  the  Doomsday  sm-vey  :  — 

"Goisfrid  [or  Geoffrey]  de  Manneville  holds  Aultone.  Five  free  men  held  it  of 
King  Edward ;  and  they  could  remove  at  pleasure.  One  of  these  men  held  2  hides ; 
and  four  of  them  6  hides  each.  There  were  then  five  manors :  now  there  is  but  one. 
It  was  then  assessed  at  27  hides :  now  at  3^  hides.  The  arable  land  amounts  to  10 
rarucates.  One  carucate  is  in  demesne;  and  there  are  nine  vUlains,  and  nine  cottars, 
with  5  carucates.  There  is  a  Church  :  and  seven  bondmen ;  and  12  acres  of  meadow. 
The  men  of  the  County,  and  of  the  Hundred,  say  they  never  saw  writ  or  officer  of  the 
King,  to  give  Goisfi-id  seisin  of  this  manor.  In  the  time  of  King  Edward  it  Avas  valued 
at  £20 ;  when  Goisfrid  took  possession,  at  100s. ;  and  now  at  £10. 

*  lu  that  part  of  tke  secoiiJ  Iter  of  Antoninus  wKicli  lies  between  London  and  tlie  terminus  (says  the  above  author) 
"  we  have  three  stations  -which  are  mentioned  in  no  other  Iter ;  the  first  of  which  is  Noviomarjus,  at  ten  niiles  distance 
from  Londinium,  according  to  the  Itinerary.  This  must  be  the  same  with  Neomagtis  in  Ptolemy,  which  he  places  nearly 
south  from  London,  a  little  inclining;  to  the  west,  and  is  the  only  or  principal  place  he  mentions  among  the  Regni. 
Ptolemy's  position  and  the  Itinerary  distance  would  direct  to  the  neighbourhood  of  Croydon  or  IFoodcote,  where  Camden 
long  ago,  and  Dr.  Gale  more  recently,  have  jjlaced  JVbi'ioHMw/its ;  where  both  saw  some  remains  of  an  old  tnwn,  but  I 
think  no  proper  Roman  antiquities. — Upon  the  whole,  I  confess  myself  most  inclined  to  continue  Xuviumajiij'  id  H'ood- 
cote, — not  far  from  Croydon." — BritaniMi,  pp.  423,  424,  373. 

r  i>  2 


2^2  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

"  Of  these  hides,  "Wesman  holds  6  of  Goisfrid  the  son  of  Earl  Eustace,  to  whom 
Goisfrid  de  Manneville  gave  this  land,  with  his  daughter  (in  marriage).  There  is  1 
carucate  in  the  demesne ;  and  three  villains,  and  one  cottar,  with  3  carucates :  and  one 
mill  at  35s. ;  and  three  bondmen;  and  10  acres  of  meadow.  The  wood  yields  two  swine 
for  pannage.  The  arable  land  amounts  to  2  carucates.  In  the  time  of  King  Edward 
it  was  valued  at  £4;  afterwards  at  40s.;  now  at  110s.  Of  those  hides  a  certain  King's 
Smith  hath  half  a  hide,  which  he  received  Avith  his  wife,  in  the  time  of  King  Edward ; 
but  he  never  did  service  for  it." 

The  manor  of  Carshalton,  or  Kersalton,  was  held  in  the  reign  of  Stephen  by  Geoffrey 
de  Magnaville,  a  grandson  of  the  holder  at  the  time  of  the  Doomsday  survey.  He 
was  in  high  favour  with  the  King,  but  being  induced  to  desert  his  service  for  that  of 
the  Empress  Maud,  his  estates  were  confiscated,  and  this  manor  was  given  to  Pharamus 
do  Bolonia,  nephew  of  the  queen-consort  of  Stephen.  Sibylla,  daughter  and  sole  heiress 
of  Pharamus,  transferred  this  estate  by  marriage  to  Ingelram  de  Eielnes,  .or  Fiennes, 
though  the  superiority  was  vested  in  the  Bohuns,  Earls  of  Hereford,  who  held  the 
honour  of  Magnaville,  or  Mandeville.  William  de  Fielnes  (descended  from  Ingelram 
and  Sibylla)  in  1270,  being  about  to  go  to  the  Holy  Land,  appears  to  have  mortgaged 
Kersalton  to  his  attorney,  William  de  Ambesas ;  and  his  son,  John  de  Eielnes,  transferred 
his  interest  in  the  manor  to  William  Medburn.  The  manorial  estate,  biu'dened  with 
the  rent  of  20  marks,  which  William  de  Eielnes  had  reserved  when  he  conveyed  it  to 
Ambesas,  came  into  the  possession  of  Nicholas  de  Carreu,  who  had  a  grant  of  free- 
warren  for  his  lands  here  in  48  Edward  III. ;  and  in  14  Richard  II.  he  died  seized  of 
the  manor,  which  was  returned  as  of  no  value  on  account  of  the  reserved  rent  charged 
on  it.*  It  probably  passed  from  the  Carews  in  consequence  of  the  marriage  of  John 
St.  John  with  the  daughter  of  Sir  Eichard  Carew.  John  St.  John,  the  son  of  that  lady, 
sold  a  moiety  of  the  manor  to  Richard  Burton,  Esq.,  in  1580,  and  is  supposed  to  have 
sold  the  other  moiety  to  W.  Cole.  After  several  transfers  the  latter  moiety  was 
conveyed,  in  1655,  to  Thomas  Twisden  and  others  as  trustees  for  Sir  Edmund  Hoskius, 
Serjeant-at-Law,  whose  representatives,  in  1696,  sold  it  to  Sir  William  Scawen ;  and  he, 
about  1712,  purchased  the  share  which  had  belonged  to  the  Burtons.  Sii-  William  died 
withoiat  issue  in  1722,  and  left  the  whole  estate  to  his  nephew,  Thomas  Scawen,  Esq.,  whose 
son  and  heir,  James  Scawen,  M.P.  for  Surrey,  conveyed  it  to  trustees  for  sale  in  1781; 
and  it  was  bought  by  George  Taylor,  Esq.,  who  died  in  1834,  and  was  succeeded  by  his 
nephew,  the  late  John  Taylor,  Esq.,  whose  trustees  are  the  present  lords  of  the  manor. 

*  Escheats,  14  Rich.  II. 


CARSHALTOX.  293 

Cakshalton  Park,  -with  the  mansion  called  Mascalls,  belonged  to  Eiehard  Burton, 
Esq.,  and  being  sold  by  one  of  his  familj^  to  Sir  Edmnnd  Iloskins,  it  passed  again  by  sah; 
to  Sir  William  Scawen.*  Ilis  nephew  and  succossor,  Thomas  Scawen,  projected  the 
building  of  a  magnificent  house  here ;  and  Leoni,  an  architect  of  some  note  in  the  earlier 
part  of  the  last  century,  was  employed  in  making  designs  for  the  mansion,  which 
he  published  in  his  edition  of  the  "Architecture  of  Leo  Baptista  Alberti "  about  17-12  ; 
but  Mr.  Scawen  did  not  carry  his  plan  into  execution. f  The  present  house — near  the 
High  Street— is  built  of  Portland  stone,  thrown  into  relief  by  trees  that  form  a  sombre 
background,  and  with  a  beautiful  clear  stream  of  water  in  front.  The  park  is  well 
wooded,  particularly  with  walnut-trees.  At  the  eastern  side  of  the  park  are  a  pair 
of  handsome  iron  gates,  intended  to  have  been  the  entrance  to  the  jn'oposed  mansion, 
formerly  bronzed.  These  were  erected  about  172G  by  Thomas  Scawen,  Esq.,  as  his 
initials  appear  on  them,  and  the  gate  is  surmounted  by  a  crest  of  the  Scawen  fiunily. 
On  the  north  pillar  is  a  leaden  figure  of  the  goddess  Diana,  and  on  the  south  that  of 
Actason.  Carshalton  Park,  with  the  manorial  estate,  is  now  in  the  occupation  of  Jeremiah 
Coleman,  Esq.  The  wall  surrounding  it,  which  is  about  two  miles  in  extent,  commences 
not  far  from  the  church,  on  the  right  hand  of  the  road  to  Beddingtou. 

Stone  Court. — This  appears  to  have  been  the  estate  of  Bartholomew,  Lord  Burghershe, 
who,  in  18  Edward  III.,  obtained  a  grant  of  the  right  of  free-warren  for  the  whole  of 
his  demesne  lands  in  Kersalton.  It  afterwards  belonged  to  the  Gaynsfords  of  Crowhurst, 
and  from  them  was  called  Gaynsford's  Place.  Nicholas  Gajmsford,  Sheriff  of  Surrey  in 
38  Hemy  VI.,  was  a  partisan  of  the  house  of  York,  and  was  appointed  an  Esquire  of 
the  Body  to  Edward  IV.  on  his  accession  to  the  throne ;  but  having  incurred  suspicion 
of  treason  against  the  new  King,  a  writ  was  issued  for  the  sciziu'e  of  his  manor  of 
Burghershe,  alias  Kcrsalton,  and  also  that  of  Shalford  Clitford,  which  Edward  had 
bestowed  on  him.  He  recovered  possession  of  the  former  estate,  though  not  of  the 
latter ;  and  he  repeatedly  held  the  office  of  Sheriff  of  Surrey  in  the  reigns  of  Edward  IV. 
and  Eiehard  III.     After  the  accession  of  Henry  VII.  he  acquired  the  favour  of  that 

*  Sir  William  Scawen  was  an  eminent  merchant  in  London,  descendeJ,  as  the  inscription  on  his  monument  in  the 
church  states,  of  a  Comish  family.  He  acquired  a  large  fortune,  and  was  elected  one  of  the  knights  of  the  shire  for  this 
county  in  the  fourth,  sixth,  and  seventh  of  Queen  Anne.  He  had  risked  nearly  the  whole  of  his  property  in  the  cause 
of  William  III.  After  having  retu'ed  many  years  from  his  mercantile  pursuits,  "  lie  one  day,  to  the  astonishment  of 
every  one,  appeared  again  upon  'Change,  when  a  hrother  asked  him  if  there  was  any  thing  he  could  do  for  him  ?  '  You 
maj-,'  said  Sir  WiUiam,  '  get  me  some  bills  upon  Holland.'  Sir  William  di<l  not  despond.  He  went  to  tlie  siege  tit 
Namur.  The  King  hearing  of  it,  sent  to  liim,  and  said,  '  Sir  William,  what  do  you  do  here  1 '  Sir  William  replied, 
'  Please  your  Majesty,  it  matters  not  what  becomes  of  me,  if  your  Majesty  should  not  return  safe  to  England.'  The  King 
returned  safe,  to  the  immense  gain  of  Sir  William." — Manning,  Surrey,  vol.  ii.  p.  TjIO. 

t  Manning,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  pp.  507 — 511. 


294  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

i;)i-ince,  who  made  him  one  of  the  Esquires  of  his  Body  ;  and  he  was  one  of  the  principal 
attendants  on  the  Queen  in  her  procession  from  the  Tower  to  Westminster  previously 
to  her  coronation.  Henry  Gaynsford,  who  held  this  estate  in  38  Henry  VIII.,  alienated 
about  300  acres  to  Sir  Eoger  Copley :  he  also  demised  the  site  of  the  manor  of  Stone 
Court  to  Walter  Lambard  for  ninety-nine  years,  reserving  a  rent  of  12d.  Lambard 
erected  a  handsome  house  here,  which  became  the  property  of  Sir  Henry  Burton,  and 
afterwards  of  Joseph  Cator,  who  in  1729  sold  it  to  Thomas  Scawen,  Esq. ;  and  the  trustees 
of  his  son,  James  Scawen,  transferred  it  by  sale  to  William  Andrews,  Esq.,  in  1781.*  The 
house,  which  had  retained  the  name  of  Gaynsford's  Place,  was  pulled  down  about  1800. 

The  manor  of  Kymerslet,  which  at  one  time  belonged  to  the  Burtons,  and  an  estate 
named  Ckosse-lands,  held  by  the  same  family  in  the  time  of  Hemy  VIII.,  cannot  be  traced 
in  modern  times,  t 

Carshalton,  celebrated  by  Fuller  for  "  trout  and  walnuts,"  obtained  from  Henry  III. 
the  grant  of  a  weekly  market  on  Tuesday,  and  an  annual  fair  for  three  days,  on  St. 
Mary's  Day,  the  vigil,  and  day  following.  %  The  latter  has  been  discontinued  since 
1851,  and  the  former  for  many  years,  though  the  precise  date  has  not  been  ascertained. 
The  Wandle,  still  abounding  with  trout,  passes  through  the  parish,  and,  increased  by 
other  streams  and  several  springs  which  rise  there,  forms  a  large  pool  of  remarkably  clear 
water  nearly  in  the  centre  of  the  village.  On  the  banks  of  the  stream  are  numerous 
mills  and  manufacturing  works ;  for  in  its  course  of  ten  miles  to  Wandsworth,  where  it 
falls  into  the  Thames,  is  carried  on  a  more  extensive  commerce  than  perhaps  is  known 
in  the  same  compass  on  any  other  stream  of  the  kingdom.  Stevenson,  in  his  "Agriculture 
of  Surrey,"  says  that  in  1813  there  were  nearly  forty  mills  of  different  kinds.§ 

Nearly  close  to  the  western  boundary  of  the  chui'chyard  is  a  neatly  kept  well  of  the 
purest  water,  which  tradition  has  connected  with  the  memory  of  Anne  Boleyn.  Accord- 
ing to  report,  the  spring  arose  suddenly  fi'om  a  hole  into  which  her  horse  had  accidentally 
struck  its  foot  whilst  pacing  here. 

The  principal  mansion  in  this  parish  is  Carshalton  House,  occupying  the  site  of  a  resi- 
dence built  by  the  celebrated  Dr.  Eadcliffe.  ||     Its  present  owner  and  occupier  is  the  Eev. 

*  Manning,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  pp.  511,  512.  t  Id.  p.  512.  J  Cart.  43  Henry  III.  ni.  4. 

§  See  "  History  and  Antiquities  of  Carshalton,"  by  G.  B.  Brightling. 

II  Dr.  Radcliife,  remembered  for  liis  eccentricities,  and  as  the  founder  of  the  Radclifi'e  Library  at  Oxford,  for  ^^•luch 
he  bequeathed  £40,000,  was  one  of  the  physicians  of  William  III.,  and  of  the  Princess  (afterwards  Queen)  Anne.  He 
died  in  1714,  at  the  age  of  sixty-four.  His  house  at  Carshalton  was  sold  for  £3,500  to  Sir  John  Fellowes,  Sub-Governor 
of  the  South  Sea  Company,  by  whom  it  was  rebuilt,  at  which  time,  says  Aubrey's  editor  ("  Siu'rey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  174),  in 
levelling  the  ground  to  make  an  avenue,  many  bones,  supposed  to  be  human,  were  found.  The  house  afterwards  belonged 
to  the  Lord  Chancellor  Hardwicke ;  then  to  the  Hon.  Thomas  Walpole,  who  sold  it  to  John  Hodson  Durand,  Esq.,  of  whom 
it  was  purchased  by  David  Mitchell,  E?q.  At  the  time  when  Lysons  wrote  it  was  the  property  of  Theodore  Broadhead,  Esq. 


CARSHALTON.  a95 

Alfred  Barratt,  D.D.  It  is  a  good  specimen  of  the  old  English  brick  mansion,  and  has  been 
lately  mnch  improved  by  the  addition  of  a  large  dining-hall,  dormitories,  and  other  build- 
ings. The  railway  company  took  a  small  portion  of  land  on  the  outskirts  of  the  grounds, 
but  fortunately  left  the  property  otherwise  uninjured. 

Some  years  since  Mr.  Gunter  (formerly  of  the  well-known  firm  of  Gunter  &  Co.) 
bought  the  property  owned  by  the  late  Mr.  "Wallace,  and  built  a  very  commodious  house  ; 
and  since  the  sale  of  the  estate  of  Mr.  Samuel  Gurney  a  few  years  back  much  laud  has 
been  converted  to  building  purposes.  Mr.  J.  P.  Gassiot  bought  the  Culvers,  ]\Ir.  Gurney's 
residence. 

The  rectory,  given  by  Pharamus  de  Bolonia  to  the  prior  and  convent  of  Merton,  was 
vested  in  the  Crown  in  1549.  Sir  William  Goring  held  it  in  1554,  and  John  Fromond  in 
1568.  It  passed  from  the  heirs  of  the  latter  to  the  family  of  Bynde,  or  Byne.  Henry 
Byno,  of  Carshalton,  who  died  in  1697,  gave  a  moiety  of  the  tithes  to  the  vicar  of  the  parish  ; 
and  his  son  Henry,  by  will  dated  1723,  settled  the  remainder  in  the  same  manner,  subject 
to  the  life  interest  of  his  wife.*     The  patronage  is  now  vested  in  Albemarle  Cutor,  Esq. 

Rectors  of  Carshalton  in  and  since  1800  : — 

1. —  William  Rose,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1777. 

2.— Charles  Cator.     Instituted  in  1829. 

.S. —  William  Tlardij  Vernon, 'Q.k..     Instituted  in  18.35. 

4. —  William  Albemarle  B.  Cator,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1845. 

The  church,  which  is  in  the  deanery  of  Ewell  and  diocese  of  lloc-liestcr,  is  situated  on 
a  rising  ground  near  the  centre  of  the  town,  and  is  dedicated  to  All  Saints.  In  the  Yalor 
of  20  Edward  I.  the  rectory  is  rated  at  21  marks,  the  vicarage  at  G  marks  and  40d.  It  is 
discharged  in  the  King's  books,  but  pays  for  procurations  7s.  Gid.,  and  for  sj'uodals 
2s.  Id.  In  its  present  state  the  cliurch  consists  of  nave,  with  a  chancel,  two  aisles,  and  a 
low  embattled  tower,  containing  eight  bells,  between  the  chancel  and  the  nave.  What  is 
now  the  chancel,  however,  was  originally  the  entire  church,  having  the  tower  at  the  west 
end.  The  chancel  is  composed  of  rubble-stones  and  flint.  The  aisles  are  separated  from  the 
nave  by  ancient  and  dissimilar  columns  of  rude  workmanship,  supporting  three  pointed 
arches  on  each  side  :  theu*  capitals  are  enriched  with  sculptui'ed  foliage.  The  upper  parts 
of  both  aisles  ■rt'ere  rebuilt  with  brick,  and  raised  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  galleries,  about 
the  beginning  of  the  last  century,  chiefly  at  the  expense  of  Sir  John  Eellowes  and  Sir 
William  Scawen  :  the  upper  part  of  the  tower  is  of  freestone.     In  1811  the  church  imder- 

*  Manning,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  pp.  SKi,  514. 


2q6  history  of  surrey. 

•\Tent  a  thorough  repair,  and  several  important  alterations  and  improvements  have  since 
been  effected.* 

In  this  church  are  some  fine  brasses,  ancient  monuments,  and  inscriptions,  accounts  of 
v/hich  are  preserved  in  Manning  and  Bray :  t  several  othera  that  were  in  existence  in 
Aubrey's  time  are  now  lost.  Against  the  wall,  on  the  north  side  of  the  altar,  in  what  is 
now  the  vestry,  is  an  altar  tomb  of  Purbcek  marble,  over  which,  affixed  against  the  wall, 
is  a  large  slab  of  the  same  material  inlaid  with  the  brass  figures  of  a  man  and  a  woman  at 
prayer.  The  man  is  in  armour,  on  one  knee,  with  his  gauntlet  and  sword  at  his  feet ; 
behind  him  are  his  four  sons,  the  eldest  in  armour  as  an  esquii'e,  the  second  habited  as  a 
priest,  and  the  third  and  fourth  as  merchants.  Before  the  woman  is  a  desk  with  an  open 
book  upon  it ;  behind  are  her  four  daughters.     Beneath  is  the  following  inscription  : — 

^r.ij)  for  the  cSojiIhs  of  ^licholas  ©.wncsforb,  sometime  ffisqijcr  for  tlif  bobg  of  the  most  notic  ])rtnas 
(Sitoarb  thf  Sill,  anb  ^)tnrD  tht  <)EE.  aixli  ^larflvirct  liis  luwfc,  also  ont  of  the  (Scntiltoommtn  of  the  most  noble 
y'ncesscs  (Sluabcth  anb  ©luabcth,  toijfes  of  the  forsaii  moet  noble  p'nces  ksuges.  'uThe  tohich  .f^kholas  betesib 
the  bas  of  in  the  jere  of  onrc  glorb  (Sob  a"  meeec    ,  anb  the  forsaib  (fttargaret  biseesjib 

the  bag  of  in  the  rtrc  of  o«re  gorb  ©ob  a  thotosanb  eccc  .    ©n  tuhoos  soluUes  J'ha  habe  inerts. 

3^men.t 

Traces  of  the  gilding  and  painted  filUngs-up  of  the  brass  figures  on  the  slab  are  still 
visible.  The  lady's  head-dress,  remarkable  for  its  size,  corresponds  with  other  specimens 
of  the  same  date ;  her  robe,  which  has  close  sleeves,  is  red,  edged  with  gold.  Over  the 
heads  of  the  figui*es  are  some  armorial  bearings  in  brass. § 

On  the  south  wall  of  the  vestry,  or  chancel,  is  a  small  mui-al  monument  of  black 
marble,  equally  curious  for  the  facts  it  records,  and  for  the  style  of  the  inscription,  which  is 
as  follows : — 

M.  S. 
Under  the  middle  stone  y'  guards  y"  ashes  of  a  certayne  fryer,  sometime  Vicar  of  this  place,  is  raked  up  y' 
duste  of  William  Quelche,  B.D.  who  miuistred  in  y*  same  since  the  Eeformac'on.     His  lott  ■was,  through 
God's  mercy,  to  Inirne  incense  here  about  30  y''-  and  ended  his  course  Aprill  the  10,  an°  D'ni  1654,  heing  aged 
64  vears.     1  Reg.  13,  31. 


*  Lysons  has  expressed  an  opinion  that  the  church  was  huilt  in  the  reign  of  Richard  II.  The  data  on  which  he 
founds  this  opinion  are,  that  previously  to  the  alterations  during  the  eighteenth  century  there  were,  in  the  windows  of 
the  north  aisle,  the  arms  of  Burley  and  Sarnesfield,  with  the  Order  of  the  Garter,  and  those  of  John  Beaufort,  Earl  of 
Somerset,  without  that  distinction ;  that  Simon,  Richard,  and  John  Burley  were  elected  Knights  of  the  Garter  in  the 
reign  of  Richard  II.  ;  and  that  the  Earl  of  Somerset  was  afterwards  of  that  order,  but  not  elected  till  the  reign  of 
Henry  IV.  The  architecture  of  the  chancel,  he  says,  confirms  the  above  conjecture,  but  the  colimms  whicli  separate  the 
nave  from  the  aisles  appear  to  be  of  a  more  remote  age  ;  and  further,  he  states  that  in  the  Registry  at  Winchester  there  is 
a  commission,  dated  in  1324,  for  reconciling  the  church  of  Carshalton,  which  had  been  polluted  bj'  the  death  of  Thomas 
Gruton.  ("  Environs,"  vol.  i.  p.  126.)  Now,  Richard  II.  did  not  begin  to  reign  rmtil  1378.  The  chancel,  however,  ia 
apparently  of  a  much  earlier  period.     It  is  probable,  however,  that  additions  were  made  in  the  reign  of  Richard  II. 

t  "  Surrey,"  vol.  iL  p.  514  et  seq. 

t  It  is  remarkable  that  there  are  other  monuments  in  this  church  in  which  blanks  have  been  left  for  the  dates,  as 
though  they  had  been  prepared  in  the  lifetime  of  those  whom  they  commemorate,  and  the  dates  never  supplied. 

§  For  a  coloured  engraving  of  these  brasses  see  Lysons's  "  Environs,"  vol.  i.  p.  128. 


CARSHALTOX.  297 

Quos  bifrons  templo  divisit  cultus  in  uno 

Paciflous  tumulus  jam  facit  esse  pares ; 
Felix  ilia  dies,  quce  cultus  semiiia  solvit, 

Quoe  placida  fidei  pra;lia  condit  humo. 
Hie  sumus  ambo  pares,  donee  eineremq ;  t'ulomq  ; 

Discutiat  reddens  Christus  utriq ;  suum. 

Those  whom  a  two  fac't  service  here  made  twaine, 
At  length  a  friendly  grave  makes  one  again. 
Happy  that  day  that  hides  o'  sinful  jarrs. 
That  shutts  up  al  o'  shame  in  earthen  ban-s : 
Here  let  us  sleepe  as  one,  till  C  ye  juste 
Shall  sever  both  o'  service,  faith,  and  duste. 

Near  the  above-mentioned  tablet  is  a  monument  of  a  costly  and  imposing  character  to 
the  memory  of  Henry  Herringraan,  citizen  and  stationer  of  London,  and  Alice  his  wife, 
who  "were  married  in  1G50,  and  lived  58  years  and  upwards  very  happily  and  com- 
fortably together,  and  dyed  within  six  weeks  and  two  days  of  one  another."  * 

On  the  opposite  side  of  the  vestry  is  a  mural  monument  of  the  Taylors,  lords  of  the 
manor;  also  one  to  the  memory  of  the  Eev.  William  Eose,  who  died  in  1829,  having 
been  "fifty-two  years  rector  of  Carshalton,  and  of  Beckenham,  in  Kent." 

At  the  east  end  of  the  north  aisle  is  a  massive  monument  of  veined  marble  to  the 
memory  of  Sir  John  Fellowes,  Bart.,  who  died  in  1724.  Corresponding  with  it,  in  the  south 
aisle,  is  a  handsome  monument,  supported  by  Corintliian  columns  and  pilasters,  to  the 
memory  of  Sir  William  Scawen,  M.P.,  who  died  in  1722,  and  who  is  represented  by  a  statue 
of  white  marble,  in  a  loose  robe  and  tiowing  peruke,  recliniug  on  his  left  arm.  In  the  south 
aisle  also  is  a  monument  of  black  marble,  supported  by  columns  of  the  Ionic  order,  to  the 
memory  of  Sir  Edmund  Hoskins,  Knt.,  Serjeant-at-Law,  who  died  in  16G4. 

On  a  stone  in  the  north  aisle,  commemorating  Johan,  wife  of  Henry  Burton,  Esq.,  who 
died  in  1624,  is  a  brass  figure  of  a  woman  praying,  with  a  scroll  issuing  from  her  mouth 
inscribed,    "  0  blessed  Lady  of  pittie,  p'y  for  me,  y*  my  soule  savyd  may  be." 

On  the  right  and  left  of  the  entrance  to  the  chancel  from  the  nave  are  two  small  but 
beautifully  executed  mural  monuments  in  white  marble.  The  former  represents  a  youtliful 
female,  attendant  on  the  death-bed  of  her  brother,  Michael  She^jley,  Esq.,  who  died  in  1837. 
The  monument  on  the  left,  to  the  memory  of  Susanna  Shcpley  (one  of  the  sisters),  who 
died  in  1840,  represents  a  female  resting  on  a  cenotaph  surmounted  by  an  urn.  The  font 
is  small  and  of  stone. 

Lysons  has  preserved  the  following  inscription  from  the  tomb  or  gravestone  of  Thomas 

*  The  value  of  this  monument  has  been  estimated  by  a  sculptor  of  the  i)resent  day  at  l,ooo  guineas.  Tlie  artist's 
name  was  Kidwell. 


298  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

Humphreys,  a  barber  (noted  equally  for  bis  corpulence  and  for  bis  activity  as  a  dancer),  iu 
tbe  cburcbyard : — 

Tom  Humpkreys  lies  here,  by  death  beguil'd 
Who  never  did  harm  to  man,  woman,  or  child  ; 
And  since  without  foe,  no  man  was  e'er  known, 
Poor  Tom  was  nobody's  foe  but  his  own  ; 
Lay  [?  Ue]  light  on  him  earth,  for  none  would  than  he 
(Though  heavy  his  bulk)  trip  it  lighter  on  thee. 

Died  Sept.  4,  1742,  aged  44  years. 

The  Eegisters  of  tbis  parisb,  commencing  in  1538,  are  comprised  in  two  books,  tbe 
former  of  wbicb  appears  to  have  been  well  kept,  excepting  tbat,  owing  to  tbe  troubles  of 
tbe  times,  it  contains  no  entries  from  1644  to  1651.  Tbe  latter  begins  in  1703,  and  from 
1708  it  bas  been  kept  with  great  accuracy.  Tbe  dates  of  birtbs  as  well  as  of  baptisms  arc 
entered — a  system  wbicb,  wbenever  practicable,  ougbt  to  be  enforced.  In  tbe  old 
Eegister  is  an  entry,  under  tbe  date  of  Marcb  3rd,  1569-70,  referring  to  tbe  celebration 
of  tbe  funeral  bere  of  Sir  Nicbolas  Tbrockmorton,  Knt.,  wbo  bad  an  occasional  residence  at 
Carsbalton ;  but  be  was  actually  buried  in  London,  in  tbe  Cburcb  of  St.  Catberine  Cree, 
Avbere  a  monument  of  alabaster  was  erected  to  bis  memory.  He  was  celebrated  botb  as 
a  soldier  and  statesman,  and  acquired  so  mucb  of  tbe  favour  of  Queen  Elizabetb  tbat  tbe 
Earl  of  Leicester  regarded  bim  as  a  formidable  rival,  and  is  suspected  to  bave  hastened 
bis  deatb  by  poison,  "as  be  died  suddenly  at  tbe  earl's  bouse,  near  Temple  Bar,  after 
eating  a  bearty  supper."  * 

Tbere  are  one  or  two  Dissenting  places  of  worship  in  Carsbalton,  and  also  a  public 
hall,  used  for  lectures  and  other  purposes. 

In  1854  the  Eoyal  Hospital  for  Incueables  was  established  here  at  Leicester  House. 
The  building  was  occupied  by  tbe  patients  till  1857,  when,  being  found  too  small,  tbis 
important  charity  was  removed  to  Melrose  Hall,  West  HUl,  Putney.  A  railway  station 
on  the  London,  Brighton,  and  South  Coast  line  was  opened  here  in  1868. 

When  excavations  were  made  for  the  railway  through  the  hill  on  the  road  to  Sutton,  a 
number  of  relics  of  ancient  weapons  were  found.  Unfortunately  the  workmen  at  once 
disposed  of  them  to  a  stranger. 

*  Lysons,  "  Environs,"  vol.  i.  p.  133.  His  death  occurred  in  1569-'70.  He  left  a  large  family  by  Anne  his  wife,  the 
daughter  of  Sii-  Nicholas  Carew,  of  Beddington.  Another  entryin  the  Carsbalton  Eegister  records  the  marriage,  iu  1576, 
of  "  The  right  honorable  Lorde  Thomas  Howard,  Viscount  of  Bindon,  and  Mistres  Mabell  Burton."  Frances,  an  offspring 
of  this  union,  was  the  beautiful  but  vain  Duchess  of  Richmond,  of  whom  Wilson,  iu  his  "  Life  of  James  I.,"  has  spoken  so 
largely.  She  was  thrice  married,  her  first  match  being  with  Henry  Prannel,  the  son  of  a  vintner ;  her  second,  with  the 
Earl  of  Hertford  ;  and  the  last,  with  the  Duke  of  Eichmond.  Being  again  left  a  widow,  she  aspired  to  the  hand  of  the 
King  himself,  but  the  British  Solomon  in  this  instance  was  too  discreet  to  gratify  her  ambition. 


CHEAM. 

This  parish  is  bounded  by  Maklon  on  the  north,  by  Sutton  on  the  cast,  by  Baustead  on 
the  south,  and  by  Cuddington  on  the  west.  It  contains  about  1,900  acres  of  land,  the 
northern  portion  of  which  is  argillaceous,  and  the  southern  calcareous.  The  commons, 
waste  lands,  and  common  fields  were  enclosed  under  an  Act  of  Parliament  passed  in  180C.* 

Mr.  Manning  says,  "In  1018  Cheijham  was  given  by  King  Athelstan  to  Christchurch, 
Canterbury;"  and  for  this  statement  he  refers  to  Somner's  "  Canterbury,"  page  217,  and  to 
a  Chartulary  of  Canterbury  in  the  Bodleian  Library.-f  Ilere,  however,  is  a  mistake  which 
requires  some  explanation.  King  Athelstan  died  in  910,  and  therefore  could  not  have 
been  the  donor  of  this  manor.  Some  extracts  from  a  Chi'onicle  of  Gervase  of  Canterbury, 
in  manuscript  in  the  Cottonian  Library,  are  published  in  Dugdale's  "  Monasticon  "  (new  edit, 
vol.  i.  p.  95),  where  it  is  stated  that  in  1018  "  Mcstcham  and  Cheijham,  two  vills  in  the 
region  of  Sui'rey,  were  given  by  Ethelstan  to  the  monastery  of  Christchurch."  No  title 
distinguishes  the  donor,  but  there  can  hardly  be  a  doubt  but  that  he  was  Ethelstan,  or 
Athelstan,  a  younger  son  of  Ethelred  II.,  and  brother  of  Edmund  Ironside,  whose  name 
and  designation  ("Ethelstan  Filius  Eegis")  appear  among  those  of  the  witnesses  to  the 
charter  granted  by  Ethelred  himself  to  the  monastery  of  Burton-on-Treut  in  1001.  (See 
Stow,  Chron.  p.  115.)  Prince  Athelstan  also  bestowed  on  the  monks  of  Canterbury 
Holingbxu-ne,  in  Kent,  towards  the  support  of  their  table.:}: 

In  the  Doomsday  Book  this  manor  is  thus  described  among  the  lands  of  the  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  who  held  "C*eiham"  for  the  provision  of  the  monks — "do  victu  mona- 
chorum  :  " — "  In  the  time  of  King  Edward  it  was  assessed  at  20  hides  :  now  at  4  hides. 
There  are  14  carucatcs  of  arable  land.  Two  carucates  are  in  demesne,  and  twenty-five 
villains,  and  twelve  cottars,  with  15  carucates.  There  is  a  Church  ;  and  there  are  five 
bondmen,  and  1  acre  of  meadow.  The  wood  yields  twenty-five  swine.  In  the  time  of 
King  Edward,  and  subsequently,  it  was  valued  at  £8  :  now  at  ,£14."  § 

*  A  notice  occurs  iii  a  comt  roll  of  the  manor  of  East  Cheam  of  a  place  called  Lynce's  Corner,  where  stood  a  cross 
marking  the  concurrence  of  the  thi'ee  hundreds  of  Kingston,  Copthome,  and  Wallinglon,  and  of  the  parishes  of  C'hcam, 
Cuddington,  and  Maldon. 

+  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  4G8. 

X  According  to  the  Great  Chartvilary  of  the  see  of  Canterbury  (referred  to  above)  the  gi'ant  of  the  manor  of  Cheam 
to  the  monks  exempted  them  from  the  payment  of  all  taxes,  except  for  the  repairing  of  bridges  and  fortresses,  and  defraying 
the  expense  of  the  King's  expeditions.  Like  an  epigram,  the  grant  carries  a  sting  in  its  tail,  concluding  with  this  bene- 
volent expression  levelled  against  those  who  might  presume  to  iufi-inge  its  terms — "  Excommunicatus  cum  diabolo  societur." 

§  Manning  and  Bray  record  some  remarkable  particulars,  but  without  c^uoting  their  authority,  connected  with  the 
early  liistory  of  Cheam,  or  Kaliam,  as  here  called : — 

'•  A  certain  Vavassor  who  held  (Vavassoriam)  land  in  Kaham  of  Ealph  de  Kaham  was  disseised  for  some  crime 
which  he  had  committed.     He  had  a  female  cousin,  by  whom  William  Postell,  then  parson  of  the  church  of  Kaham,  had 

Q  Q   2 


300  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

According  to  Somner  the  Archbishops  of  Canterbury  held  the  estates  of  the  church 
in  common  with  the  monks  of  Christchurch,  till  Lanfrauk,  who  i^resided  over  the  see 
from  1070  to  1089,  built  a  palace  for  himself,  and  made  a  division  of  the  revenues,  in 
consequence  of  which  Cheam  was  separated  into  two  portions,  called  East  Cheam  and 
West  Cheam,  which  constituted  distinct  manors,  now  united,  in  the  possession  of  the  Eev. 
Edward  William  Northey.  Lanfrank  kept  East  Cheam,  with  the  advowson  of  the  living, 
for  himself  and  his  successors,  and  assigned  West  Cheam  to  the  monks.*  In  the  Taxation 
of  Pope  Nicholas  the  manor  of  East  Cheam  is  valued  at  £10,  and  the  other  manor  at 
£6  13s.  4d. 

Manor  of  East  Cheam. — This  manor  continued  to  form  a  part  of  the  estates  of  the 
archiepiscopal  prelates  until  the  reign  of  Hemy  VIII.,  who,  wishing  to  annex  it  to  the 
honour  of  Hampton  Court,  obtained  it  from  Archbishop  Cranmer  in  exchange  for  Chislet 
Park,  in  Kent,  and  the  transfer  was  accordingly  made  by  a  deed  dated  1539.  In  the 
beginning  of  the  reign  of  Philip  and  Mary  a  grant  of  the  estate  was  made  to  Anthony 

four  daughters ;  of  wliom  three  were  married,  one  remained  single.  Postell  took  this  land  to  farm  of  Ralph  de  Kaham, 
hut  a  Chaplain,  cousin  of  the  Vavassor,  sued  Postell  for  the  land,  and  proceeded  so  far  that  battle  was  gaged  in  Ealph's 
Court ;  Postell,  however,  by  means  of  a  present  to  Ralph,  got  him  to  avow  that  he  had  given  the  land  to  Postell  in  framk 
almoigne  with  the  Church  of  Kaham,  and  so  that  suit  was  ended. 

"  Afterwards  Robert  de  Cirsurandus,  cousin  of  the  Chaplain  and  the  Vavassor,  brought  a  fresh  suit  in  the  King's 
Court  for  the  advowson  of  the  Church,  which  -was  settled  between  Robert  and  the  Monks  of  Merton. 

"  After  this,  Ralph  de  GremvUle  being  a  married  man,  but  his  wife  languishing  in  sickness,  took  to  him  the 
unmarried  daughter  of  Postell ;  by  her  had  two  sons,  Robert  and  Ralph,  born  in  his  wife's  lifetime.  He  and  the  woman 
were  summoned  to  the  Chapter  of  Merton,  when  she  was  excommunicated,  and  died  under  that  sentence.  Robert  and 
Ralph  being  adults  in  the  time  of  Henry  II.,  brought  their  suit  to  recover  the  inlieritance  as  weU  of  the  said  Gremville, 
as  of  their  grandfather  Postell,  whereupon  a  jury  was  summoned,  who  awarded  to  them  the  inheritance  of  their  father, 
and  would  have  awarded  to  them  the  Church  of  Kaham,  but  it  being  objected  that  they  were  bastards,  the  King 
ordered  that  though  the  jury  was  summoned,  if  bastardy  could  be  proved,  they  should  lose  as  well  their  father's  inheritance 
as  the  advowson.  They  hearing  this  would  not  prosecute  their  suit  for  the  advowson,  but  confined  themselves  to  the 
claim  of  their  father's  land,  which  they  contended  was  given  them  by  Aeed."Surrey,  vol.  ii.  p.  468. 

*  Referring  to  the  manor  of  West  Cheam,  the  subjoined  extract  will  be  found  to  contain  some  curious  information 
as  to  the  "  customary  services  "  of  tenants  under  the  feudal  system : — 

"  Amongst  the  Records  in  the  Treasury  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Canterbury  is  the  following  account  of  the 
services  to  be  done  by  their  customary  tenants  here,  of  whom  there  were  seven :  each  was  to  plough  half  an  acre  or 
give  5d. :  every  one  having  a  horse  was  to  harrow  oats  one  day :  they  were  to  perform  in  the  whole  602  days  work,  or  to 
pay,  if  the  Lord  pleased,  25s.  Id.,  the  price  of  two  works  being  Id.,  except  two  weeks  at  Christmas,  one  at  Easter,  and  one 
at  Pentecost,  in  which  weeks  no  works  were  to  be  required ;  each  was  to  work  two  days  in  a  week  during  the  five  weeks 
of  harvest,  if  it  lasted  so  long. 

"  The  Cotters  (Cotmanni,  the  number  not  mentioned),  were  to  do  688  works  (except  in  the  weeks  above  mentioned), 
or  to  give,  if  the  Lord  pleased,  19s.  2d.,  the  price  of  three  works  being  Id.  In  harvest  they  were  to  do  150  works ;  the 
mowing  one  acre  of  wheat  or  oats  was  to  be  considered  as  two  works,  and  one  acre  of  barley,  pease,  or  tares,  as  four 
works.— From  certain  seven  acres  of  land  was  to  be  paid  yearly  three  quarters  and  a  half  of  barley,  which  is  called 
CherchshoL—The  customary  Tenants  were  to  thrash  nine  bushels  for  eight  of  every  kind  of  grain.  The  Bailiff  was  to  be 
allowed  his  rent  and  works  which  were  due  from  him,  because  he  received  no  wages,  except  by  favour  of  the  Lord.— The 
Customary  Tenants  were  also  to  have  one  bushel  of  rye  or  barley  when  they  did  their  services,  herrings  to  the  value  of 
12d.,  and  cheese  3d.;  the  Harrowers  to  have  one  bushel  of  barley,  and  in  herrings  to  the  value  of  6d.— The  land  of  the 
Smith  was  discharged  because  it  was  part  of  the  demesne,  value  23.  6d."— Register  2.  cccxxxiii  or  243  (the  pages  having 
two  sets  of  numbers).— Manning,  Sumij,  voL  ii.  p.  469. 


(SMEAiM.  301 

Browne,  Yiscount  Montague,  wlio  in  1583  sold  it  to  Henry  Fitz-Aluu,  Earl  of  Aruudel, 
from  whom  it  passed  to  John,  Lord  Lumley,  who  married  Jane,  daughter  and  coheiress  of 
Lord  Arundel. 

Manor  of  West  Cheam. — The  prior  and  convent  of  Chi-istchiu-ch  retained  possession 
of  this  estate  until  the  dissolution  of  monasteries,  when  it  became  vested  in  the  Crown, 
and  Henry  VIII.  granted  it  on  lease,  at  a  reserved  rent  of  £5,  to  Ealph  Goldsmith. 
Queen  Elizabeth  in  1585  granted  the  reversion  of  the  premises  formerly  belonging  to 
Christchurch  Priory,  and  afterwards  annexed  to  the  honour  of  Hampton  Court,  together 
with  reserved  rent  of  £5  and  the  manor  of  West  Cheara,  with  all  the  rents,  services,  aud 
emoluments  belonging  to  it,  with  the  exception  of  the  lead  and  bells,  and  the  advowsons  of 
churches,  of  the  yearly  value  of  £9  16s.  2id.,  to  John,  Lord  Lumley,  to  hold  of  the 
honour  of  Hampton  Court  in  free  socage,  and  not  in  cajjite,  by  fealty  only  for  all  services. 

This  nobleman,  having  acquired  the  manor  of  East  Cheam,  as  above  stated,  by  marriage, 
became  owner  of  both  these  estates.  He  died  in  1009,  and,  though  twice  married,  had  no 
surviving  issue.  His  estates  consequently  devolved  on  his  nephew,  Henry  Lloyd,  son  of 
the  learned  antiquarj^,  Humphrey  Lloyd,  by  his  lordship's  sister  Barbara. 

The  manors  of  East  and  West  Cheam  descended  to  the  Kev.  Eobert  Lumley  Lloyd,  D.D., 
who  claimed  the  barony  of  Lumlcj',  forfeited  by  the  attainder  of  George  Lumlc}',  the 
father  of  his  maternal  relation,  aud,  as  he  alleged,  restored  by  the  grant  to  that  personage 
in  1547;  but  the  committee  of  the  House  of  Lords  decided  against  the  claim,  on  the 
ground  that  when  John,  Lord  Lumley,  was  restored  in  blood  (after  the  attainder  of  his 
father)  by  Edward  VI.,  he  was  not  restored  to  the  ancient  barony  held  in  fee,  but  made  a 
baron  by  a  new  creation,  which  dignity  was  limited  to  the  heii's  of  his  body,  and  coidd  not, 
therefore,  descend  to  the  posterity  of  his  sister. 

Dr.  Lloyd  died  in  1729,  having  bequeathed  his  estate  at  Cheam  to  John,  Duke  of 
Bedford,  to  whom  he  had  been  indebted  for  preferment  in  the  Church.  In  1755  the  Duke 
sold  the  manors  of  East  and  West  Cheam  to  Edward  Nor  they,  Esq.,  whose  son  and  heir 
(William)  died  in  1808,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  cousin,  William  Northey,  Esq.,  M.P. 
for  Newport,  in  Cornwall.  That  gentleman  was  succeeded  about  182G  by  his  nephew, 
Edward  Eichard  Northey,  Esq.,  who  died  in  1878,  being  succeeded  by  his  son,  the  present 
owner. 

Lower  Cheait. — The  mansion,  or  manor-house,  of  East  or  Lower  Cheam,  was  held  on 
lease  from  the  Crown,  by  the  family  of  Fromond,  before  the  manor  was  granted  to  Viscount 
Montague,  The  Fromonds  appear  to  have  obtained  a  property  in  the  estate  in  fee-simple, 
though  at  what  period  is  uncertain.     Their  estate,  consisting  of  a  capittd  messuage  in 


302  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

Cheam,  with  9  acres  of  land  called  Lampland  and  Lightland,  tenements  in  "West  Cheam, 
and  other  places  in  Surrey  and  Kent,  passed  by  the  marriage  of  an  heiress  to  the  family  of 
Walmesley.  Bartholomew  Walmesley,  who  died  seized  of  the  estate  ia  1701,  leaying  a 
son  who  died  young,  the  inheritance  devolved  on  Catherine  "Walmesley,  his  daughter, 
who  in  1712,  when  only  fifteen,  married  Eobert,  Lord  Petre,  who  died  the  following 
year,  leaving  his  widow  pregnant.  In  1733  she  remarried  Charles  Stoiu'ton,  who 
succeeded  to  the  barony  of  Stourton,  but  died  without  issue.  His  lady  survived  till  1785, 
when  this  estate  came  into  the  possession  of  her  grandson,  Eobert  Edward,  Lord  Petre, 
by  whom  the  house  was  sold  to  Mr.  Bullock,  and  of  him  it  was  purchased  by  John 
Antrobus,  Esq.,  who  rebuilt  it.  Lord  Petre  sold  most  of  the  land  to  John  Hilbert,  Esq., 
to  whom  it  belonged  in  1808.  This  gentleman  was  succeeded  in  the  East  Cheam  estate  by 
his  nephew,  John  Hilbert  TatCj  Esq.,  of  Epsom,  in  1819. 

The  principal  seat  in  the  parish  is  that  of  Hugh  Lindsay  Antrobus,  Esq.,  second  son 
of  the  late  Sir  Edmund  "William  Antrobus,  Bart. :  it  occupies  the  site  of  the  ancient 
mansion  of  the  Eromonds,  erected,  as  mentioned  above,  by  John  Antrobus,  Esq.,  who 
died  in  1813.*  Noeth  Cheam  Paek,  the  property  of  Archdale  Palmer,  Esq.,  is  now  used 
as  a  school. 

The  benefice  of  Cheam  is  a  rectory  in  the  deanery  of  Ewell,  and  in  the  peculiar  juris 
diction  of  the  Ai'chbishop  of  Canterbury.  It  is  valued  in  the  Liber  Eegis  at  £17  5s.  5d., 
paying  for  procurations  6s.  8d.  The  patronage  went  with  the  manor  of  East  Cheam,  and 
thence  to  the  Crown,  and  was  granted  out  on  lease.  In  1585  Queen  Elizabeth  granted 
the  reversion  in  fee  to  Sir  Christopher  Hatton.  It  belonged  afterwards  to  Lord  Lumley, 
and  descended,  with  his  estate,  to  his  nephew,  Henry  Lloyd,  who,  with  his  son,  conveyed 
it  in  1638  to  Benjamin  Holford,  by  whom  it  was  transferred,  in  the  same  year,  to  the 
College  of  St.  John,  Oxford  (in  which  it  continues),  for  the  consideration  of  £380.  The 
Eegisters  commence  with  1538,  and  have  few  deficiencies. 

It  is  remarkable  that  of  six  successive  rectors  of  Cheam  in  the  sixteenth  and  seven- 
teenth centuries  five  should  have  become  bishops.f 

*  Edmund  Antrobus,  Esq.  (fourtli  son  of  Philip  AntroLus,  Esq.,  of  Congleton,  in  the  county  of  Chester,  by  Mary, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Eowley,  Esq.,  of  Overton,  in  the  county  of  Stafford),  was  created  a  Baronet  in  1815,  with  remainder 
to  his  nephews,  Edmund  William  Antrobus  and  Gibbs  Crawford  Antrobus,  Esqrs.,  the  sons  of  his  brother,  John 
Antrobus,  Esq.,  of  Cheam,  by  Anne,  only  daughter  of  Gibbs  Crawford,  Esq.  Sir  Edmund  died  without  issue  in  1826, 
when,  agreeably  to  the  patent  of  creation,  the  title  devolved  upon  his  elder  nephew.  This  gentleman,  born  in  1792, 
married  (in  1817)  Anne,  daughter  of  the  Hon.  Hugh  Lindsay,  brother  of  Alexander,  sixth  Earl  of  Balcarras,  by  whom  he 
had  several  children. 

t  1.  Anthony  Watson,  instituted  in  1581,  was  promoted  to  the  see  of  Chichester  in  1596,  and  held  Cheam  in  com- 
mendam  till  his  death  in  1605,  at  which  time  he  was  Almoner  to  Kiag  James.     He  was  buried  at  Cheam. 

2.  Lancelot  Andrews,  Bishop  of  Chichester,  was  instituted  m  1609  to  the  rectory  of  Cheam,  which  he  resigned  within 


CHEAM.  303 

Rectors  of  Chcam  iu  auci  since  1800  : — 

1.— Henry  Peach,  B.D.     Instituted  in  1780. 

2.— William  Bennett,  B.D.     Instituted  in  1813. 

3. — Thomas  Carteret  Maule,  B.D.     Instituted  in  1856. 

4:.— Charles  Eobhes  Rice,  B.D.     Instituted  in  1867. 

The  old  church,  dedicated  to  St.  Dunstan,  consisted  of  nave,  north  and  south  aisles,  a 
chancel,  and  a  low  square  tower,  embattled,  at  the  west  end,  in   which  were    six   bells. 

a  few  months  on  liis  promotion  to  Ely.  He  was  afterwards  translated  to  Winchester.  This  prelate  was  celebrated  both 
as  a  preacher  and  a  writer.  Fuller  said  that  they  who  stole  his  sermons  could  not  steal  his  manner.  Queen  Elizabeth 
gave  him  the  deanery  of  Westminster,  which  laid  the  foundation  of  his  promotion  under  her  successor,  King  James.  He 
had  a  considerable  share  in  the  translation  of  the  Bible.  He  is  said  to  have  understood  fifteen  languages.  The  following 
lines  were  applied  to  him  : — 

"  If  ever  any  merited  to  be 

The  Universal  Bishop,  tliis  was  he ; 

Great  Andrews,  who  the  whole  vast  sea  did  drain 

Of  learning,  and  distUl'd  it  in  his  brain : 

Those  pious  drops  are  of  the  purest  kind. 

Which  trickled  from  the  limbeck  of  his  mind." 

Bishop  Andrews  died  in  1656,  and  lies  buried  in  St.  Saviour's  Church,  Southwark. 

3.  Geonje  Mountain,  or  Mountaigne,  was  instituted  to  the  rectory  of  Cheam  on  Bishop  Andrews's  translation  to  Ely  in 
1609;  was  promoted  to  Lichfield  and  Coventry  in  1611 ;  he  resigned  Cheam  on  his  translation  to  Lincoln  in  1617;  he 
afterwards  became  successively  Bishop  of  London  and  of  Durham,  and,  in  1628,  Archbishop  of  York.  He  died  in  the 
same  year,  and  was  buried  at  Cawood,  in  Yorkshire,  the  place  of  his  nativity. 

4.  Richard  Saihouse  was  instituted  to  the  rectory  of  Cheam  on  the  promotion  of  Bishop  ilountain.  He  resigned  in 
1624,  when  made  Bishop  of  Carlisle.     He  died  in  1628. 

5.  John  Raclid  obtained  the  living  of  Cheam  on  the  promotion  of  Bishop  Senhouse.  His  motto  was,  "  Serve  God 
and  be  cheerful."  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  civU  wars  he  was  chosen  by  the  clergy  to  be  their  advocate  against  the 
Bill  for  taking  away  the  Chiirch  government.  While  in  retirement  at  Clieam  he  continued  to  read  the  Common  Prayer 
until  he  was  enjoined  by  the  Surrey  Committee  to  forbear,  and  found  himself  under  the  necessity  of  omitting  sucli  parts 
as  were  most  ofi'ensive  to  the  Government.  Soon  after  the  Restoration,  while  holding  the  living  of  St.  Andrew's,  Holborn, 
having  received  notice  for  the  interment  of  a  fanatic,  he  conmiitted  the  burial  service  to  memory.  "  As  he  was  a  great 
master  of  elocution,  and  was  himself  .always  .affected  with  the  propriety  and  excellence  of  the  composition,  he  delivered  it 
with  such  emphasis  and  grace,  as  touched  the  hearts  of  every  one  present,  and  especially  of  the  friends  of  the  deceased, 
who  unanimously  declared,  that  they  had  never  heard  a  finer  discourse.  But  how  were  they  astonished,  when  they  were 
told  that  it  was  taken  from  our  litivrgy ;  a  book,  which,  though  they  had  never  read,  they  had  been  taught  to  regard  with 
contempt  and  detestation !"  Dr.  Hacket,  during  his  retirement  with  his  pupil.  Sir  John  Byron,  at  Newstead  Abbey, 
wrote  a  Latin  comedy  entitled  Loyola,  which  was  twice  acted  before  James  I.  He  resigned  the  rectory  of  Cheam  iu 
1C62,  after  holding  it  nearly  forty  years.  This  was  the  year  after  he  had  been  promoted  to  the  see  of  Lichfield  and 
Coventry.  He  expended  £20,000  on  the  repairs  and  improvements  of  his  cathedral ;  he  made  additions  to  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge,  at  a  cost  of  £1,200 ;  and  he  left  his  valuiible  Ubrary  and  various  other  benefactions  to  the  university. 
He  died  at  Lichfield  in  1670,  and  lies  buried  in  the  cathedral,  under  a  handsome  tomb  erected  liy  hLs  eldest  son.  Sir 
Andrew  Hacket,  Master  in  Chancery. 

The  Rector  of  Cheam,  between  Bishop  Watson  and  Bishop  Andrews,  was  Thomas  Playfere,  Margaret  Professor  of 
Di^^nity  at  Cambridge.  He  was  instituted  in  160.5,  died  iu  1609,  and  was  buried  in  St.  Botolph's  Church,  Cambridge, 
"  where  there  is  an  inscription  to  his  memory  full  of  the  most  extravagant  praises." 

The  fia-st  rector  presented  to  Cheam  by  St.  John's  College  was  Edward  Bernard,  a  learned  linguist,  critic,  clironologist, 
and  astronomer.  He  was  instituted  in  1672,  resigned  in  the  follomng  year,  and  was  appointed  Savilian  Professor 
of  Astronomy  at  Oxford.     He  died  in  1697,  and  was  buried  in  the  chapel  of  St.  John's  College. 


304  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

According  to  a  note  on  a  pane  of  glass  taken  out  of  the  old  palace  at  Croydon,  "  the  church 
of  Cheme  was  burnt  by  lightning  in  1639."  The  destruction,  however,  could  have  been 
only  partial,  as  the  tower  and  part  of  the  chancel  walls,  built  of  flint  and  stone,  and  of  a  far 
more  ancient  date,  remained :  the  external  walls  of  the  body  of  the  church  were  of  brick. 
About  thii-ty  years  ago  an  enlargement  of  the  church,  with  many  improvements,  was 
effected  on  the  north  side  at  an  expense  of  .£700,  which  was  defrayed  by  the  principal 
inhabitants,  without  a  rate  or  any  extraneous  aid  whatever.  The  nave,  aisles,  and  tower 
were  pulled  down  in  1864,  a  new  and  beautiful  church  having  been  built  by  the  side  of 
it.     A  new  spire  was  added  in  1870. 

At  the  end  of  the  south  aisle  of  the  old  church  was  a  small  chancel,  or  chapel,  called 
Fromonds',  in  which  the  family  of  that  name  were  buried.  This  chapel,  dedicated  to 
St.  Mary,  was  originally  built  previously  to  1449,  as  John  Yerde,  in  his  will  of  that  date, 
directed  his  body  to  be  buried  therein.*  Lady  Stoui-ton,  a  descendant  of  the  Fromonds, 
rebuilt  the  chapel  in  1750,  but  the  floor  was  not  disturbed. 

In  the  chancel,  which  has  been  left  standing,  are  monuments  to  the  memory  of  John, 
Lord  Lumley,  who  died  in  1609  ;  t  of  his  flrst  wife  Jane,  eldest  daughter  and  coheiress 
of  Henry  Fitz-Alan,  Earl  of  Arundel,  who  died  in  1577  ;  and  of  his  second  wife  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  John,  Lord  D'Arey,  of  Chiche.  Lord  Lumley's  monument  is  on  the  north 
side  of  the  chancel :  it  is  of  white  marble,  supported  by  two  columns  of  the  Corinthian 
order;  and  on  the  sides  are  sculptured  and  emblazoned  the  armorial  bearings  of  the 
Lumleys,  and  of  the  families  with  whom  they  had  intermarried,  on  nineteen  shields.  On 
it  is  the  family  motto  of  the  Lumleys: — "  Murus  teneus  conscientia  sana."  On  a  marble 
tablet  below  is  a  very  long  Latin  inscription  tracing  the  family  of  the  Lumleys  from  their 
Anglo-Saxon  origin  until  the  decease  of  Lord  Lumley  in  1609. J 

*  John  Yerde  bequeathed  his  estates  in  Surrey,  after  the  death  of  his  wife,  to  his  second  son  John,  to  -whom, 
also,  he  left  "  400  muttons ;  SOs.  to  the  repair  of  the  church ;  and  20s.  to  the  high  altar." — Eegist.  Lamh.  Stafford, 
f.  188,  b. 

t  Of  the  above  nobleman  Camden  says,  "  He  was  one  of  entire  virtue,  integrity,  and  innocence  ;  and  in  his  old  age, 
a  complete  pattern  of  true  nobility.  Having  so  great  a  veneration  for  the  memory  of  his  ancestors  that  he  caused  monu- 
ments to  be  erected  for  them,  in  the  collegiate  church  of  Clieater  le  Street  (opposite  Lumley  Castle)  in  the  order  as  they 
succeeded  one  another,  from  Liulphus  do-mi  to  liis  own  time ;  which  he  had  either  piclced  out  of  the  demolished 
monasteries,  or  made  new."  He  was  High  Steward  of  the  University  of  Oxibrd ;  and,  having  a  taste  for  literature,  he 
collected  a  line  library,  in  which  he  was  assisted  by  his  brother-in-law,  Humphrey  Lloyd.  After  liis  death  the  books 
were  purchased  by  King  James,  and  they  became  the  foundation  of  the  Royal  Library,  which  now  forms  part  of  the 
collection  in  the  British  Museum. 

t  This  monument,  with  its  inscriptions,  is  engraved  in  Sandford's  "  Genealogical  History."  The  inscriptions  arc 
also  preserved  in  Lysons's  "  Environs,"  vol.  i.  p.  141,  and  in  Manning  and  Bray's  "Surre)',"  vol.  ii.  p.  474. 

Liulph,  the  ancestor  of  the  Lumleys,  was  a  baron  of  great  consideration  in  the  time  of  Edward  the  Confessor. 
According  to  Dugdale,  Camden,  and  others,  the  family  took  its  surname  from  Lumley  Castle,  on  the  Wear,  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  Norman  era.  John,  Lord  Lumley,  to  whom  this  note  refers,  was  the  only  son  of  the  Honourable 
George  Lumley,  attainted  and  executed  for  high  treason  in  29  Henry  VIII. :  on  his  own  death,  without  surviving  issue, 


CHEAM.  30s 

The  monument  of  Jane,  Lady  Lumlej^,  Lord  Lumley's  first  wife,  a  -woman  greatly 
distinguished  by  learning  and  talent,*  is  on  the  south  side  of  the  chancel.  In  the  upper 
part  is  the  eflSgy  of  the  deceased,  kneeling,  in  has%o  relievo.  Beneath  is  a  large  altar  tomb 
of  marble  and  alabaster,  covered  with  a  slab  of  black  marble  (fractured).  On  tlie  front,  in 
two  compartments,  are  the  two  sons  and  the  daughter  of  the  deceased,  richly  sculptured  in 
alabaster,  kneeling.  At  each  end  are  the  arms  and  quarterings  of  Fitz-Alau  and  Lumley. 
At  the  top  is  a  horse  with  a  branch  of  a  tree  in  his  mouth,  a  crest  of  Fitz-Alan  ;  and  below, 
in  a  small  oval,  is  St.  George  on  foot  fighting  with  the  dragon.     At  each  corner  is  a  hawk. 

The  monument  of  Lord  Lumley's  second  wife,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John,  Lord 
D'Arcy,  of  Chiche,  is  Avithiu  a  recess,  and  comprises  the  effigy  of  the  deceased,  in  alabaster, 
lying  at  full  length.  At  the  head  and  feet  are  the  arms  of  Lumley  and  D'Arcy  ;  above  is 
a  brief  inscription,  f 

There  are  also  several  memorials  of  the  Fromond  family.  Amongst  others  is  a  brass  plate 
(imperfect)  on  which  is  a  representation  of  the  Father  crowned,  in  the  act  of  blessing,  with 
his  left  hand  on  a  crucifix,  and  the  dove  hovering  about  his  head ;  also  a  man  and  a 
woman  (the  latter  with  a  head-dress  resembling  that  of  Margaret  Gaynsford  at  Carshalton), 
each  before  an  altar,  attended  by  six  sons  and  four  daughters,  with  the  following 
inscription : — 

I3ni!)  for  the  soitllcs  of  "Hhomaa  ^vomoub  (Estiuucr  Htii)  ffiltr.ibdh  his  toiiffc,  bixttshttv  mii  Ktvcr  of  .gohn 
Icric  CEsqnscr,  tohichc  •Ehomas  icccssgb  tlu  .v.xi^'  bau  of  #arclic,  tlit  w  of  o'  gorb  ©ob  Jrl'Q'-^SEE,  aub  in  the 
xx.xiti''  Ecrc  of  the  reognc  of  liunge  gjenr^  the  "OEEith.    (Dit  tohose  souUcs  J'hu  habc  mcwj),  a. 

Also  various  handsome  memorials  of  the  Pybus  and  Small  families.  One  of  these,  an 
urn  of  yellow  marble  partly  covered  with  white,  commemorates  Ann,  Lady  Fletcher, 
second   daughter  of   John  Pybus,    Esq.,    and   widow  of  Brigadier-General   Sir   Eobert 

the  new  barony  of  Lumley  expired.  Sir  Richard  Lumley,  who  inherited  under  his  will,  was  created,  in  1G28,  Viscount 
Lumley  of  Waterford.  He  was  the  great-great-great-grandfather  of  John  Lumley  Savile  Saunderson,  late  Eurl  of 
Scarbrough. 

*  She  translated  the  Iphigenia  of  Euripedes,  and  some  of  the  Orations  of  Isocrates,  into  English,  and  one  of  the 
latter  into  Latin.  The  manuscripts  are  in  the  British  Museum.  {VuU  Walpole,  "  Royal  and  Noble  Authors ; "  Lysons, 
"  Enwons,"  vol.  i.  p.  144.)  In  the  latter  work  is  an  engraving  of  the  upper  compartment  of  the  monument,  including 
the  figure  of  Lady  Lumley. 

+  By  deed,  dated  1597,  made  between  John,  Lord  Lumley,  of  the  one  part,  and  William  Fromond  and  other  inhabitants 
of  Cheam,  of  the  other  part,  his  lordship  states  that  "  he  had  caused  three  monuments  to  be  erected  in  West  Cheam,  for 
liimself.  Lady  Jane  his  wife  deceased,  and  Lady  Elizabeth  then  his  wife ;  he  hopes  they  may  be  preserved,  and  that 
there  is  not  any  person  of  godly  disposition,  humour,  or  condition,  who  will  deface,  destroy,  or  take  away  tlie  same ; 
and  in  consideration  that  the  clerk  be  careful  to  sweep  and  rub  the  said  monuments,  and  that  the  parson  shall  call  on  the 
clerk  to  perform  this,  and  for  relief  of  the  poor,  he  grants  to  Fromond  and  the  others  a  yearly  rent-charge  of  40s.  issuing 
out  of  his  estate  here,  to  be  paid  at  Lady-day  only  in  every  year ;  of  which  6s.  8d.  was  to  be  paid  to  the  parson,  133.  4d. 
to  the  clerk,  and  2s.  a  piece  to  10  poor  people."  This  trust  was  said,  by  Manning,  to  have  been  renewed.  It  does  not 
appear  that  these  interesting  memorials  have  suffered  from  either  neglect  or  ill-treatment,  though  the  hand  of  time  is  busy 
with  them. 

VOL.    III.  E   R 


3o6  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

Fletcher,  Knt.,  Commander-in-chief  of  the  British  Forces  on  the  coast  of  Coromandel. 
She  died  in  1791,  and  her  remains  were  iaterred  in  the  vault  of  the  Pybus  family. 

In  the  middle  of  the  south  aisle,  on  descending  the  steps  from  Fromond's  Chajjel,*  is  a 
stone,  the  central  brass  of  which  is  gone ;  but  there  are  two  shields  remaining,  witli 
chevrons  and  fleurs-de-lis,  and  a  plate  inscribed — 

gavth'us  c^Minounbcs  filius  ct  lures  "SClwme'  Jfrnmownbt  nuptr  be  ffihcrli'm  in  rom.  ^Surr.  (Stit.  obitt 
scptimff  bic  Jl«Hjanno  g'nt  1570. t 

A  brass  plate  has  the  subjoined  inscription,  in  capitals,  and  in  perfect  preservation : — 

Eeader,  this  marble  will  consume  like  tlie  Ijodies  it  covers ;  but  while  it  endures  know  that  it  preserves  the 
memorie  of  a  saint  departed,  Edmund  Bareet,  Esq.  Serjeant  of  the  wine-cellar  to  King  Charles,  who  rendered 
his  soule  to  God  in  the  65th  yeare  of  his  age,  Aug.  17,  1631 ;  and  this  portion  of  sacred  earth  hath  received  his 
body,  which  is  sequestered  for  the  resurrection.  He  was  happy  in  two  wedlocks ;  and  both  were  fruitful  to 
him.  His  former  wife,  Dorothtj  Apssley,  did  bear  him  three  sonns,  Thomas,  £dmuiul,aiid  John,  and  one  daughter, 
Constance.  His  second  ynie,  Ruth  Gausten,  brought  him  three  sonns  into  the  world,  Robert,  Francis,  and  Edward, 
and  two  daughters,  Ruth  and  Margaret:  many  of  these  he  left  behind,  and  a  good  name  to  honour  him.  His 
eldest  Sonne,  Thomas  Barret,  Gent,  sometime  Clerk  of  the  Wardrobe  to  King  Charles,  bequeathed  his  spii-it  to 
Jesus  Christ,  and  his  bodie  to  this  same  earth,  shortly  after  the  decease  of  his  father,  for  he  finished  his  days 
Aprill  28,  1632,  in  the  36  yeare  of  his  age,  leaving  the  sorrow  for  his  departrrre  to  many  friends,  chiefly  to  his 
loving  wife,  Mary  Purton,  by  whom  hee  had  no  issue.  Thus  father  and  sonn  are  composed  together  in  the 
grave  of  corruption.  Loving  they  were  in  their  lives ;  and  in  their  death  they  are  not  divided.  Keader,  praise 
God  for  the  happy  departure  of  his  faithful  servants ;  and  fare  tliee  well. 

On  a  black  marble  in  the  floor,  near  the  south  wall,  is  an  inscription  (reflecting  honour 
upon  all  parties  concerned)  to  the  memory  of  Jane  Pattinsou,  waiting-woman  to  her  Grace 
Diana,  fii'st  wife  of  John,  Duke  of  Bedford.  In  consideration  of  her  faithful  services,  her 
noble  mistress,  on  her  death-bed  in  1735,  recommended  her  to  the  Duke's  favour;  aud 
from  his  Grace  she  received  quarterly,  to  the  day  of  her  death  iu  1755,  an  allowance  of 
£500  a  year.  "  Enabled  by  so  generous  a  benefaction,  she  testified  the  goodness  of  her 
heart  by  frequent  acts  of  charity  to  the  poor,  by  distinguished  gratitude  to  her  relations 
and  friends,  and  liberal  donations  to  many  publick  societies." 

Amongst  the  more  modern  memorials  may  be  especially  mentioned  that  of  the  late  Philip 
Antrobus,  Esq.  (on  the  south  wall  of  the  chancel),  of  Lower  Cheam,  of  white  marble, 
projecting  from  a  grey  marble  background,  aud  supported  by  brackets.  His  decease  in 
1816  is  recorded  on  a  tablet  affixed  beneath  a  sculptured  pediment,  supported  by  two 
fluted  columns,  as  also  is  that  of  Sir  Edinimd  Antrobus,  Bart.,  who  died  in  1826. 

Also  a  neat  tablet  of  white  marble  inscribed  to  the  memory  of  the  Eev.  Hemy  Peach, 

*  Formerly  against  the  north  wall,  bat  removed,  at  the  time  of  the  enlargement  of  the  cliurch  many  years  ago,  to  the 
left  of  the  gallery  over  Fromond's  Chapel,  was  a  white  marble  mon\iment  to  the  memory  of  Fanny  Maria  Davenport,  wife 
of  Richard  Davenport,  Esq.,  of  Court  Garden,  in  the  county  of  Bucks.  In  the  church  and  churchyard  are  numerous 
memorials  of  the  Sanxay  family,  long  settled  at  Cheam,  and  connected  by  blood  witli  that  of  Antrobus. 

t  Jane,  one  of  the  daughters  of  Bartholomew  Fromond,  married  the  celebrated  Dr.  Dee. 


CHEAM.  307 

tiiirty-three  years  rector  of  this  parish,  who  died  in  1813;  of  his  wife,  a  daughter,  and 
two  sons. 

Two  other  white  marble  tablets,  exactly  corresponding  in  size  and  style,  commemorate 
John  Antrobus,  Esq.,  who  died  in  1813,  and  Clement  Kyunersley,  Esq.,  of  Loxlcy  Park,  in 
the  county  of  Stafford,  and  of  Carshalton,  in  Surrej^,  who  died  in  1815,  and  his  daughter, 
wife  of  Thomas  Sneyd,  Esq.,  of  Loxley  Park,  who  died  in  1808. 

The  brasses  discovered  in  186-1,  when  the  old  church  was  pulled  down,  are  described  in 
a  paper  of  the  Siu-rey  ArchaBological  Society. 

In  the  churchyard,  near  the  north  side  of  the  tower,  is  an  obelisk  within  rails,  marking 
the  burial-place  of  the  Farmer  fiunily.  On  the  south  side  of  the  churchyard  is  a  black 
marble  tomb  covering  the  remains  of  Henry  Neal,  of  Christiana  his  wife,  and  of  their  daughter, 
Eliza  Button.  The  inscription  is  interesting  only  from  its  reference  to  the  fact  that  the 
daughter,  "  EHza  Dutton,  was  murdered,  in  1687,  by  her  neighbour,  while  endeavouring  to 
make  peace  between  him  and  his  Avifc." 

Here  lyes  the  best  of  wives,  of  mothers,  and  of  friends, 
Whose  soul,  too  good  for  earth,  in  heaven  attends. 
With  joy  and  comfort  till  the  day  of  doome. 
When  all  her  vii-tuous  deeds  shall  thither  come : 
To  save  her  neighbour  she  has  spilt  her  blood, 
And  like  her  Saviour  died  for  doing  good. 
May  that  civrs'd  hand  forget  itself  to  feed 
That  made  its  benefactour  thus  to  bleed  ! 

In  1868  the  Eev.  E.  C.  S.  Tabor,  of  C!heam  School,  built  on  his  premises  a  beautiful 
chapel,  from  designs  by  Carpenter,  which  is  used  daily  during  term  under  license  from  the 
Bishop. 

In  1876  St.  Philip's  Ciiuech,  on  Cheam  Common,  was  consecrated  as  a  chapel -of-ease  ; 
it  contains  300  sittings,  which  are  free  and  open.  This  church  was  intended  for  the  use  of 
a  large  working  population  which  was  springing  up  within  the  last  twelve  years  on  the  north 
side  of  the  parish,  a  mile  or  two  from  the  parish  church,  and  principally  in  the  immediate 
neighbourhood  of  Worcester  Park  station. 

National  and  Sunday  schools,  for  Cheam  and  Cuddington,  were  established  here  by 
voluntary  subscriptions  in  1826.  Arch  dale  Palmer,  Esq.,  of  North  Cheam  Park,  gave  the 
ground  for  the  building,  and  was  also  a  liberal  contributor  to  the  cost  of  the  foundation. 
About  150  boys  and  girls  are  educated  here,  the  schoolmaster  and  mistress  enjoying  a 
liberal  salarj^,  with  an  excellent  house  and  garden. 

At  the  time  of  the  incorporation  of  the  parish  of  Cheam  with  the  Epsom  Union, 
sundry  tenements  called  almshouses,  in  the  hands  of  the  churchwardens  and  overseers 

K  K  2 


3o8  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

for  the  time  being,  and  occupied  by  the  parish  poor,  were  sold  to  assist  in  discharging  the 
expense  of  incorporation. 

In  1869  the  Parochial  Kooms  were  built  in  the  centre  of  the  village.  These  contain 
school  accommodation  for  160  ;  also  a  working  man's  reading-room. 

Near  the  church  is  an  ancient  timber-built  house  to  which  tradition  gives  a  date  (erro- 
neously we  conceive)  of  more  than  four  hundred  years.  It  is  known  by  the  name  of  White- 
hall House ;  and  one  of  its  rooms,  called  the  Council  Chamber,  is  said  to  have  been  used 
by  Queen  Elizabeth  when  at  the  palace  of  Nonsuch,  in  Cuddington,  for  State  purposes.* 

During  the  time  of  the  great  plague  in  1666  several  persons  sent  their  children  to 
Cheam  to  a  gentleman  who  kept  a  small  school  in  Whitehall  House.  The  school  afterwards 
became  eminent,  and  amongst  those  educated  there  was  Dr.  Charles  Davenant,  son  of  Sir 
William  Davenant  the  poet.  The  establishment  appears  to  have  existed  continuously  down 
to  the  time  when  the  master,  the  Eev.  Dr.  Sanxay,  built  the  present  school  on  a  lease  of 
ninety-nine  years,  which  expired  about  1818.  It  is  a  substantial,  well-located  residence, 
with  large,  lofty,  and  airy  rooms. 

The  pupils  were  successfully  educated  by  Dr.  Mayo  on  the  Pestalozzian  system,  and 
under  him  the  school  attained  great  celebrity. 

One  of  the  masters,  the  Eev.  Wm.  Gilpin,  was  the  lineal  descendant  of  the  celebrated 
Bernard  Gilpin,  who  lived  in  the  times  of  EUiiabeth,  Mary,  and  Edward  VI.,  and  was 
termed  the  "  Northern  Apostle."  William  Gilpin  was  born  at  Carlisle  in  1724,  and  he 
received  his  education  at  Queen's  College,  Oxford.  He  published  the  "  Life  of  Bernard 
Gilpin,"  his  ancestor;  the  "Lives  of  Latimer,  Wickliff,  Huss,  and  Cranmer;"  an 
"Exposition  of  the  New  Testament;  "  "  Observations  relative  to  Picturesque  Beauty;  " 
a  "  Tour  to  the  Lakes ;  "  "  Kemarks  on  Forest  Scenery ; "  "  Sermons  to  a  Country 
Congregation;"  " Moral  Contrasts ; "  the  "Life  of  John  Trueman  and  Eichard  Atkins, 
for  the  Use  of  Servants'  Halls,  Farmhouses,  and  Cottages,"  &c.  He  died  in  1804, 
leaving  the  profits  of  his  publications  for  the  endowment  of  a  school  at  Boldre.  Sawrey 
Gilpin,  the  well-known  animal  painter,  who  died  in  1807,  was  his  youngest  brother. 

*  Beneatli  a  portion  of  the  building  (now  removed)  was  a  vault  cut  out  of  the  sand  rock,  27  feet  in  length,  14  in 
breadth,  and  1 1  in  height,  with  a  descent  of  twenty  steps.  It  was  arched  at  the  top  with  brick :  at  its  extremity  was  another 
flight  of  steps  leading  to  a  smaller  vault,  or  cave.  The  origin  of  these  vaults,  stUl  partially  in  existence,  and  employed 
for  menial  purposes,  is  uncertain ;  but  there  is  an  idle  tradition  that  one  Mr.  Bovey,  who  lived  in  the  house,  and  who 
died  about  1700,  made  use  of  them  for  the  coining  of  money  :  it  is  added,  by  way  of  corroboration,  that  he  spent  great 
part  of  his  time  in  them,  and  that  he  paid  all  his  bills  in  new  coin !  Upwards  of  a  hundred  years  ago,  according  to 
Manning  and  Bray,  a  bricklayer,  in  repairing  the  pavement  of  the  wash-house  belonging  to  Whitehall  House,  found  a 
vault  arched  over,  and  in  it  an  iron  chest,  which  he  carried  away,  telling  the  owner  that  there  was  nothing  in  it;  but, 
from  being  a  poor  man,  he  soon  after  bought  houses  at  Sutton.  There  is  a  monument  in  the  church  to  the  memory  of 
James  Bovey,  Esq.,  who  died  in  1695,  and  his  wife  Margaretta,  who  died  in  1714. 


MllLMAM.  309 

Henry  Pestalozzi,  the  originator  of  a  new  system  of  education,  was  born  at  Ziirirli  in 
1745.  His  method  turns  on  the  idea  of  communicating  all  instruction  by  immediate 
adcbess  to  the  sensations  or  conceptions,  and  oliecting  the  mental  formation  of  the  pupil 
by  constantly  calling  all  his  powers  into  exercise.  Pestalozzi  commenced  his  career  of 
instruction  by  the  admission  of  the  children  of  the  poor  into  his  house,  and  in  1798  the 
Directory  of  Switzerland  invited  liim  to  establish  a  house  at  Stanz,  where  he  became  the 
instructor  of  eighty  poor  children.  War  destroyed  this  establishment,  and  Pestalozzi 
then  took  charge  of  a  school  at  Burgdorf.  This  institution  flourished,  and  in  1804  he 
removed  it  to  Yverduu,  in  the  Canton  de  Vaud,  where  he  occupied  the  castle  given  to  him 
by  the  Government,  and  resumed  his  labours  for  the  instruction  of  the  higher  and  middle 
classes  of  society.  He  died  in  1827.  A  brief  memoir  of  his  life  is  inserted  in  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine  for  the  above  year. 


The  straggling,  scattered  village  of  Mitcham,  designated  3Ilchclham,  or  the  Great 
Dwelling,*  in  the  Doomsday  survey,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Merton,  on  the  cast  by 
Streatham,  on  the  south  by  Croydon,  and  on  the  west  by  Mordou.  The  soil  is  principally 
a  rich  black  mould,  and  for  upwards  of  a  hundred  years  an  extensive  portion  of  the 
land  has  been  appropriated  to  the  culture  of  medicinal  plants. 

At  the  time  of  the  Doomsday  sur^■ey  there  appear  to  have  been  five  manors  in  the  parish ; 
there  are  now  only  three — Mitcham,  or  Canon  ;  Biggin  and  Tamworth  ;  and  Ravensbury. 

The  following  extracts  from  the  Doomsday  Book  will  be  found  to  refer  to  the  respective 
manors  : — 

"  In  Waleton  hundred,  the  Canons  of  Baieux  hold  of  the  Bishop  (Odo)  Michclliam  as 
5  hides.  Brictric  held  it  of  King  Edward.  He  had  6^  hides;  but  Otbert  had  possession 
of  1  hide,  which  his  predecessor  held  of  Brictric,  as  security  for  half  a  mark  of  gold.  In 
the  land  of  the  Canons  are  four  villains,  and  one  cottar,  with  2  carucatcs ;  and  uno 
bondman,  and  40  acres  of  meadow.  The  arable  land  amounts  to  2  carucatcs.  It  was  and 
is  valued  at  40s.  In  the  land  of  Otbert  are  4  acres  of  meadow,  worth  7s. ;  and  noliiiug 
further. 

"  Ansgot  holds  half  a  hide  of  the  Bishop.     It  is  valued  at  5s. 

"  In  the  same  manor,  the  Canons  hold  of  the  Bishop  2L  hides,  which  two  men  held  of 

*  In  early  records,  and  in  many  of  more  recent  date,  it  is  written  Micdiam,  or  Micham:  the  present  mode  of  spulliiif;, 
which  is  further  from  its  etymology,  was  not  universally  adopted  earlier  than  the  middle  of  the  last  century. 


310  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

King  Edward.  There  is  in  the  demesne  1  carucate  ;  with  one  villain,  and  two  bordars ; 
and  one  bondman;  and  half  a  carucate  (of  arable  land),  and  12  acres  of  meadow.  It  has 
always  been  valued  at  20s. 

"  William  (Fitz-Ansculf)  holds  Michelham,  which  Lemar  held  of  Zing  Edward.  Then, 
as  at  present,  it  was  assessed  at  2  hides,  and  1  virgate.  There  are  two  villains,  and  six 
cottars  ;  and  half  a  mill,  at  20s.  In  the  time  of  Zing  Edward  it  was  valued  at  40s. :  now 
at  the  same  :  when  received,  at  13s.  4d. 

"The  Canons  of  Baieux  also  hold  of  the  Bishop  Witford*  which  Edmer  held  of  Zing 
Edward.  It  was  then,  as  at  present,  assessed  at  3  hides.  The  arable  land  is  2  carucates. 
There  is  1  carucate  in  the  demesne ;  and  two  villains,  and  six  cottars,  with  2  carucates, 
and  4  acres  of  meadow.  It  has  been  valued  in  the  time  of  Zing  Edward,  and  now,  at 
30s. :  when  received,  at  10s. 

"William  Fitz-Anseulf  holds  Witford;  and  William  the  Chamberlain  holds  it  of  him. 
Lanch  held  it  of  Zing  Edward,  when  it  was  assessed  at  2  hides:  now  at  1.  The  arable 
land  is  ...  .  One  carucate  is  in  the  demesne ;  and  there  are  two  villains,  with  1 
carucate ;  and  a  mill  at  20s. ;  and  24  acres  of  meadow.  In  the  time  of  Zing  Edward  it 
was  valued  at  50s.  :  afterwards  at  22s.  :  now  at  60s." 

The  manors  of  Michelham  and  Witford,  held  by  the  Canons  of  Bayeux,  are  supposed 
by  Manning  to  have  been  retained  by  them  until  the  reign  of  Edward  III.,  who,  on 
declaring  war  against  France  in  1338,  confiscated  all  the  estates  belonging  to  alien  priories 
and  abbeys  in  this  country,  and  gave  Mitcham  to  the  Prior  of  St.  Mary  Overy,  in  South- 
wark.  On  the  suppression  of  monasteries  ia  the  reign  of  Henry  YIII.,  this  estate,  falling 
into  the  hands  of  the  Zing,  was  granted  by  letters-patent  to  Nicholas  Spakman  and 
Christopher  Harbottell,  citizens  of  London.  In  1552  they  conveyed  the  estate  to 
Lawrence  Warren,  by  whom  it  was  sold  in  the  following  year  to  Nicholas  Burton,  of 
Carshalton.  In  1619  Sir  Henry  Burton,  Z.B.,  the  grandson  of  Nicholas,  transferred  (by 
sale)  the  manor  of  Mitcham,  or  Canon,  with  the  rectory  and  advowson,  to  Sii-  Nicholas 
CarcAV,  alias  Throckmorton,  whose  son  and  heir,  Sir  Francis,  in  1645  settled  it  on  his 
daughter  Eebecca  on  her  marriage  with  Thomas  Temple,  Esq. ;  and  in  1647,  in  conjunction 
with  his  son-in-law,  he  mortgaged  the  estate  to  Thomas  Hatnond,  Esq.  In  1656  and 
10 57  the  parties  joined  in  a  sale  to  Eobert  Cranmer  (said  to  have  descended  from  the 
family  of  Archbishop  Cranmer),  of  London,  merchant,  who  in  1659  purchased  the 
parsonage  (or  manor-house),  which  had  been  separated  from  the  rest  of  the  estate.     Mr. 

*  Between  Upper  and  Lower  Mitcham  is  Wykibrd  (or  Witford)  Lane ;  but  of  the  manors  of  Witford  there  are  no 
other  traces  remaining.    (Manning,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  195.) 


Mil  CHAM.  3H 

Cranmer  died  in  1G65,  and  his  grandson,  James  Cranmcr,  Esq.,  left  this  property  to  his 
sister,  Esther  Maria,  -wife  of  Captain  DLxon,  for  her  life,  with  remainder  to  her  sou,  the 
Rev.  Eichard  Dixon,  who  assumed  the  surname  of  Cranmer;  and  to  him  the  Mitchara  estate 
belonged  in  1809.  It  is  now  the  property  of  William  Simpson,  Esq.,  who,  with  James 
Bridgcr,  Esq.,  is  joint  lord  of  the  manor. 

The  Manoe  of  Biggin  and  Tamworth. — This  was  probably  one  of  the  manors  held  by 
Fitz-Ansculf  at  the  time  of  the  Doomsday  survey.  The  fee  afterwards  belonged  to  the 
Clares  and  their  successors,  Earls  of  Gloucester,  for  lliigh  de  Audele,  Earl  of  Gloucester 
in  right  of  his  wife  Margaret  dc  Clare,  died  seized  of  it  in  1347  ;  but  it  was  held  as  of  the 
honour  of  Gloucester  by  the  Trior  and  Canons  of  Merton.  Soon  after  the  suiipression  of 
that  priory  Henry  YIII.  granted  the  manors  of  Byggin  and  Tamworth,  with  other  lands 
and  tenements,  to  Eobcrt  Wylford,  citizen  of  London,  and  Joan  his  wife.  She  appears  to 
have  survived  her  husband,  and  is  supposed  to  have  remarried  John,  Lord  Mordaunt,  lord 
of  the  manor  in  1567.  After  belonging  successively  to  the  families  of  "Whitney,  Carew, 
Caryll,  Thm-land,  and  Manship,  this  estate  was  purchased,  in  or  about  1750,  by  James 
Moore,  Esq.,  chief  proprietor  of  the  extensive  plantations  of  medicinal  herbs  at  Mitcham.* 

The  Manor  of  Eavensbtjey. — This  appears  to  have  been  the  same  with  the  manor  of 
Witford,  held,  according  to  the  Doomsday  record,  of  William  Fitz-Ansculf  by  William  the 
Chamberlain.  In  the  reig-n  of  Henry  III.  Alexander  de  Witford  held  one  knight's  fee  in 
Mitcham  of  Enger  dc  Somerie  as  of  the  honom-  of  Dudley,  formerly  the  principal  seat  of 
the  Fitz-Ansculf  family.  In  1250  William  dc  la  Marc  was  lord  of  the  manor,  which  seems 
to  have  been  retained  by  the  same  family  for  more  than  a  century.  Sir  Nicholas  Carreu 
had  a  grant  of  free-warren  in  all  his  demesne  lands  here  in  1375.  Sir  John  Burghersh, 
Knt.,  held  laud  at  Mitcham  called  AUmannesland,  with  the  manor  of  Eavensbury,  in  15 
Eichard  II. ;  and  John  Aruudell,  Esq.,  in  right  of  his  marriage  with  Margaret,  eldest 
daughter  of  Sii-  John,  held  the  same  manor  and  land  in  2  Henry  VI.*  The  manor 
belonged,  in  the  reign  of  Heniy  YIL,  to  John  de  la  Pole,  Earl  of  Lincoln,  after  whose 
attainder  it  was  granted  to  Simon  Digby.  Subsequently  it  became  the  property  of 
Charles  Brandon,  Duke  of  Suffolk,  who  in  1531  sold  it  to  Sir  Nicholas  Carew ;  and  it  has 
since  been  transferred  with  Beddington,  the  trustees  of  the  late  Capt.  Charles  U.  Carew, 
E.N.,  son  of  Admiral  Sir  Benjamin  Hallowell  Carew,  being  the  present  owners. 

This  parish  is  divided  into  Upper  and  Lower  Mitcham,  between  which  is  a  lane  called 
Whitford  Lane,  the  only  trace  now  remaining  of  what  was  formerly  called  Wykford,  or 

*  Manning  and  Bray,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  498. 

t  "Calend.  Inquis.  post  Mortem,"  vol.  iii.  p.  13.3,  and  vol.  iv.  p.  79. 


312  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

Witford.  The  run  of  water  from  the  common  at  one  time  formed  a  washway  through  that 
part  of  the  village  to  Merton,  but  it  has  been  long  since  covered  over. 

Figge's  Marsh,  a  small  common  here  at  the  entrance  from  London,  derives  its  name 
from  William  Figge,  who  in  the  time  of  Edward  III.  was  owner  of  part  of  the  land  held 
of  the  King  by  the  service  of  finding  a  pound  in  which  to  keep  his  distresses.* 

Mitcham,  "noted,"  say  the  biographers  of  Dr.  Donne,t  "for  good  air  and  choice 
company,"  has  been  at  different  times  the  residence  of  several  persons  of  consideration. 
Sir  Walter  Ealeigh  had  a  house  and  estate  here  in  right  of  his  wife  Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  Sir  Nicholas  Carew,  alias  Throckmorton,  who  had  been  Maid  of  Honour  to  Queen 
Elizabeth.  He  sold  the  property  when  he  went  on  his  expedition  to  Guiana.  His  mansion 
-was  at  the  corner  of  Whitford  Lane,  and  was  formerly  knoAvn,  while  occupied  as  a  board- 
ing-school, by  the  name  of  Ealeigh  House.  Sir  Julius  Csesar,  Master  of  the  EoUs,  also 
had  a  residence  here ;  and  in  1598  he  was  honoured  by  a  visit  from  Queen  Elizabeth, 
which  he  thus  recorded  : — 

"Tuesday,  Sept.  12,  the  Queen  visited  my  house  at  Mitcham,  and  supped  and  lodged 
there,  and  dined  the  next  day.  I  presented  her  with  a  gown  of  cloth  of  silver  richly 
embroidered  ;  a  black  net-work  mantle  with  pure  gold ;  a  taffeta  hat,  white,  Avith  several 
flowers,  and  a  jewel  of  gold  set  therein  with  rubies  and  diamonds.  Her  Majesty  removed 
from  my  house  after  dinner  the  13th  of  September  to  Nonsuch,  with  exceeding  good  content- 
ment ;  which  entertainment  of  her  Majesty,  with  the  former  disappointment  [believed  to 
have  been  an  expected  visit  from  the  Queen  in  September,  1596,  but  which  was  not  made], 
amounted  to  £700  sterling,  besides  mine  own  provisions,  and  what  was  sent  by  my  friends."  % 

*  Escheats,  23  Edwai-J  III.  p.  2,  n.  15. 

t  Of  the  celebrated  Dr.  Donne,  Dean  of  St.  Paul's,  who  lived  gome  time  at  Mitcham,  copious  and  very  curious 
particulars  may  he  found  in  the  "  Biographia  Britannica,"  and  in  Fuller's  "  England's  Worthies."  Dryden  said  he  was 
"  the  greatest  wit,  though  not  the  greatest  poet,  of  our  nation  ; "  and  Dr.  Johnson  termed  him  the  founder  of  the  meta- 
physical school  of  poetry.  Dr.  John  Barwick,  in  his  "  Life  of  Bishop  Morton,"  states  that  he  saw  a  portrait  of  Donne  at 
Lincoln's  Inn,  "  all  enveloped  with  a  darkish  .shadow,  his  face  and  features  hardly  discernible,  with  this  ejaculation  and 
wish  written  thereon,  '  Domine  Ulumina  tenebras  meas  ; '  and  that  tliis  wish  was  afterwards  accomplished,  when,  at  the 
persuasion  of  King  James,  he  entered  into  holy  orders."  Granger  also  tells  us  that,  "some  time  before  his  death,  when 
he  was  emaciated  with  study  and  sickness,  he  caused  himself  to  be  wrapped  up  in  a  sheet,  which  was  gathered  over  his 
head,  in  the  manner  of  a  shroud  ;  and  having  closed  his  eyes,  he  had  his  portrait  taken  ;  which  was  kept  by  his  bed-side, 
as  long  as  he  lived,  to  remind  him  of  mortality.  The  effigy  on  his  monument,  in  (old)  St.  Paul's  church,  was  done  after 
this  portrait."     (See  Dugdale's  History  of  that  Cathedi-al,  p.  62.)     Ob.  March  31st,  1631. 

Another  phenomenon  in  the  literary  world,  an  inhabitant  of  Mitcham,  was  Moses  Mendez,  a  rich  poet  (!)  of  Jewish 
extraction.  He  is  said  to  have  been  the  son  of  a  stockbroker,  or  notary.  Educated  at  Oxford,  he  took  the  degree  of 
M.A.  in  1750.  At  the  time  of  hia  death,  in  1758,  he  was  reported  to  be  worth  ^100,000.  He  was  the  intimate  friend  of 
the  author  of  "  The  Seasons,"  and  he  himself  wrote  four  little  dramatic  pieces^T/ie  Chaplet,  The  Shepherd's  Lottery,  Robin 
Hood,  and  The  Double  Disappointment,  besides  a  poem  called  "  Henry  and  Blanche,"  &c.  Some  of  his  productions  are  to 
be  found  in  Dod.sley's  Collection. 

X  Manuscript  of  Sir  Julius  Csesar,  Brit.  Mus.  No.  4160,  Ayscough's  Catalogue.  Sir  Julius  Caesar,  descended,  by  the 
female  line,  from  the  Duke  de  Csesarini,  in  Italy,  is  said  to  have  been  "  not  only  one  of  the  best  civilians,  but  also  one  of 


MiTCHAM  Grove,  a  villa  on  the  north  siilc  of  tlio  road  leading  to  Sutton,  with  a  branch 
of  the  river  Waudlo  meandering  through  its  plantations,  was  purchased  by  Lord  Clive, 
and  presented  to  Sir  Alcxtinder  WedderLurn  (afterwards  Lord  Chancellor  Longhhorongh), 
in  retnrnfor  his  celebrated  defence  of  that  nobleman  in  the  House  of  Commons.  Lord 
Loughborough  sold  it  to  Ucnry  Iloarc,  Esq.,  from  whom  it  passed  to  Sir  John  William 
Lubbock,  Eart.     It  is  now  the  residence  of  John  JL.  Stanton,  Esq. 

An  object  of  some  interest  to  the  antiquary  is  an  ancient  house  in  this  parish,  formerly 
the  property  of  Mrs.  Sarah  Chandler.  This  house,  in  which  arc  the  remains  of  a  chapel, 
is  conjectured  to  have  been,  at  a  very  early  period,  the  property  of  ITenry  Strete,  "  who  had 
a  license  for  an  oratorj-  in  his  house  at  Mitcham  in  1348.  It  is  held  under  the  Dean  and 
Chapter  of  Canterbury,  and  its  proprietors  claim  a  right  to  the  north  aisl(>  of  (ho  church."  * 

This  benefice  is  a  vicarage,  in  the  deanery  of  Ewell  aiid  diocese  of  Eochester.  'Die 
advowson  belonged  to  the  priory  of  St.  Mary  Ovcry  as  early  as  12G0,  when  a  line  was 
levied  on  it  to  the  prior  and  convent.  In  1315  they  are  said  to  have  held  it  as  of  the 
honour  of  Gloucester.  After  the  dissolution  both  the  rectory  and  the  advowson  of  tlu^ 
vicarage  were  granted  with  the  manor  of  Mitcham  Canon.  The  great  tithes  were  sold  by 
Eobcrt  Cranmer,  Esq.,  as  mentioned  in  a  preceding  page ;  but  the  vicarage  remained  with 
the  manor.  In  the  Yalor  of  Edward  I.  the  rc:ctory  Avas  valued  at  20  marks,  the  vicarage 
at  8.  In  the  King's  books  Mitcham  is  reckoned  amongst  the  discharged  livings,  and  is 
rated  at  £10  Os.  lOd.  In  1734  the  Eev.  Dr.  Monckton  gave  £200,  and  in  1735  Mr.  Chas. 
Dubois  gave  £200,  to  purchase  Queen  Anne's  bounty.  Lysons  states  that  the  income  of 
the  vicarage  has  boon  much  improved  of  late  years  by  the  extension  of  the  ''  physic 
gardens,"  the  tithes  of  which  constitute  a  principal  part  of  its  revenues.  Tlu;  village  of 
Mitcham,  which  is  of  considerable  extent,  is  partly  situated  on  the  skirts  of  the  high-road 
leading  from  London  to  Eeigate.     A  small  bridge  crosses  the  Wandle  near  Mitcham  Grove. 

Belonging  to  this  parish  are  several  Eegisters,  commencing  M'ith  1558,  and  nearly 
comiilete  from  that  date.     Among  the  entries  are  the  two  following  : — 

Anne  the  daugliter  of  George  WasliforJ,  who  had  twenty-four  fingers  and  toes;  Iwptized  0,t.  in,  n;!iiX 
Widow  Durant,  aged  one  liundred  and  three  years,  buried  Sep.  23,  1711. 


the  best  men  of  his  time.  He  died  in  1C39,  and  was  buried  in  the  church  of  Great  St.  Helen's,  nciir  Bishopsgate,  London. 
His  monument,  designed  by  himself,  represents  a  scroll  of  parchment.  The  inscription,  in  which  lie  engages  himself 
wUlingly  to  pay  the  debt  of  nature  to  his  Creator,  is  in  the  form  of  a  bond  ;  appendant  to  which  is  hia  seal,  a  coat  of 
ai-ms,  with  his  name  affixed."— Granger,  Bio/jraphical  History,  vol.  i.  p.  390. 

*  In  support  of  tliis  chum,  it  appears  that  the  family  of  lllyng1i^•ortll,  biuicd  in  the  north  aisle  in  the  sLvteenth  century, 
held  a  house  and  lands  under  the  church  of  Canterbury  in  the  time  of  Edward  IV.  (Escheats,  16  Edw.  IV.  No.  30.) 
For  an  account  of  some  brasses  and  inscriptions  (now  lost)  of  tlie  Illyngworths  in  the  north  aisle  see  Aubrey,  "  Surrey," 
vol.  ii.  p.  144 ;  also  Manning,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  503. 

VOL.    III.  S  S 


3 14  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

Vicars  of  Miteham  in  apd  since  1800  : — 

1. — Streynsham  Derhy shire  Myers,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1779. 

I.—Ricliard  Cranmer,  LL.B.     Instituted  in  1824. 

3. — James  Henry  Maplefon,  B.LL.     Instituted  in  1829. 

4. — James  Gotvles  Prichard,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1833. 

5. — Henry  James  Wharton,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1846. 

6. — Daniel  Frederic  Wilson,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1859. 

The  old  church,  dedicated  to  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul,  was  built  chiefly  of  flint.  It 
consisted  of  nave,  two  aisles,  and  a  chancel,  with  a  square  embattled  tower  crowned  with 
a  turret  at  the  east  end  of  the  south  aisle.  In  1637,  according  to  Aubrey,  it  was  greatly 
injured  by  lightning,  and  had  ten  bells  melted.* 

The  old  church  remained  until  the  present  century,  when,  from  the  increase  of  the 
population,  it  became  desirable  to  raise  a  new  structure  upon  an  enlarged  scale.  Accord- 
ingly an  Act  of  Parliament  was  obtained  for  the  purpose,  and  in  1819  the  first  stone 
marking  the  boundary  of  the  church  northward  was  laid  by  the  Eev.  S.  D.  Myers,  M.A., 
the  vicar.  The  building,  the  estimate  for  which  was  £8,000,  was  completed  in  1822. 
By  an  enlargement  of  the  ground-plan  additional  sittings  were  obtained  for  555  persons. 

The  rebuilding  of  the  church  is  further  commemorated  by  the  following  inscription  on 
the  north  side  of  the  chancel : — 

In  token  of  respect,  gratitude,  and  affection  to  one  of  tlie  most  excellent  of  mothers,  Mrs.  Hester  Maria 
Cranmer,  late  patroness  of  tliis  vicarage  church  of  Miteham,  ivho  died  the  iVtli  of  January,  1819,  and  ^vith  whom 
the  rehuilding  of  this  sacred  edifice  originated,  this  stone  was  laid  on  the  27th  of  August,  1819,  by  the  present 
impropriator,  the  Rev.  Richard  Cranmer,  LL.B.  George  Smith,  arcliitect.  John  Chart,  buUder.  The  boundary 
of  this  chancel  extends  thirty-four  feet  seven  inches  westward  from  the  centre  of  this  stone. 

The  present  church,  a  large  and  heavy  structure  in  the  pointed  style  of  architecture, 
•consists  of  nave  and  side  aisles,  chancel,  north  aisle,  and  an  embattled  tower.  Excepting 
the  lower  part  of  the  tower,  a  relic  of  the  ancient  edifice,  and  composed  of  flint,  the 
materials  are  what  builders  technically  term  "  brick  and  compo."  The  tower,  which  stands 
at  the  east  end  of  the  south  aisle,  and  contains  eight  bells,  is  in  four  stories,  with  octa- 
gonal buttresses,  terminating  in  crocheted  stone  pinnacles,  with  large  finials :  its  finish 
is  a  pierced  battlement.f 

*  It  is  stated  by  Aubrey  that  thirteen  churches  in  the  county  of  Surrey  suffered  more  or  less  from  the  same  storm. 
("  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  143.) 

t  On  the  right  of  the  entrance  to  the  tower  from  the  south  is  a  relic  of  "  the  olden  time."  It  consists  of  a  pointed 
idche  in  the  wall,  divided  into  two  compartments  by  a  shelf.  In  the  lower  compartment  was  a  piscina ;  in  the  upper  a 
lamp  was  accustomed  to  be  kept  burning. 


Exteriorly  tlic  south,  aisle  is  formed  iuto  five  divisions  by  buttresses  :  in  the  western- 
most is  a  doorway  ;  iu  the  remainder  are  windows  of  three  lights  each,  with  a  transom 
in  the  sweep  of  the  arch  :  the  arches  of  the  respective  windows  spring  from  grotesque 
heads.  The  north  side  of  the  cburch  is  similar  to  the  soxith,  excepting  the  tower,  instead 
of  which  are  pointed  windows.  The  clerestory  of  the  nave  has  four  small  windows  of  two 
lights  each,  with  cinquefoil  heads. 

Beneath,  the  great  west  window,  in  a  recess  formed  by  a  large  poiuttd  arth,  is  a 
monument  to  the  memory  of  Sir  Ambrose  Crowley,  Alderman  of  Loudon,  and  his  lady, 
the  former  of  whom  died  in  1713,  the  latter  in  1727.* 

The  interior  of  this  church  is  remarkably  neat,  and  more  iu  accordance  with  the 
principles  of  good  taste  than  the  exterior.  The  nave  is  divided  from  the  aisles  by  four 
pointed  arches  resting  upon  columns,  formed  by  a  union  of  cylinders  witb  plain  capitals. 
Three  of  the  cylinders  of  each  column  rise  to  the  roof,  which  is  groined,  and  adorned 
with  bosses  of  foliage,  &c.  At  the  MTst  end,  where  the  organ  is  placed,  and  on  the  north 
and  south,  sides  of  the  nave,  arc  galleries  :  the  south  aisle  is  broken  by  the  toAver.  The 
chancel,  divided  from  the  nave  by  a  narrow  pointed  arch,  has  a  gallery  on  the  north  side. 

The  altar-piece  consists  of  four  pointed  panels,  inscribed  with  the  decalogue,  creed,  &c. 
The  pulpit  is  hexagonal,  and  painted  iu  imitation  of  wainscot,  corresponding  with  the 
galleries  and  pews.  The  font,  a  square  stone  basin  supported  by  four  small  pillars,  is 
ornamented  with  tracery  in  the  pointed  style. 

Nearly  all  the  monuments  in  the  old  church,  chiefly  of  a  mural  character,  have  been 
transferred  to  the  present  structure.  In  the  chiu'cb  arc  memorials  of  the  Tate  family, 
who  for  several  generations  were  great  benefactors  of  the  parish.  One  in  the  north 
aisle,  to  Mrs.  Elizabetb  Tate,  who  died  in  1821,  is  by  Westmacott,  and  represents  a 
female  figure,  with  a  cup  iu  the  left  hand,  and  pointing  to  the  skies  with  the  right.  Nearly 
adjoining  is  an  elegant  table  of  white  marble  in  memory  of  George  Tate,  Esq.,  who  died 
in  1822. 

Among  the  tombs  in  the  churchyard  is  that  of  Mrs.  Anne  Ilallam,  a  favourite  actress 
of  the  early  part  of  last  centiu-y,  celebrated  by  her  performance  of  Lady  Macbeth  and 
Lady  Touchwood.     She  died  in  1740. 

A  new  ecclesiastical  district  (Cheist  Chuech)  was  formed  here  iu  1872.  It  contains  a 
population  of  about  1,000,  and  the  living,  valued  at  £300  with  house,  is  in  the  gift  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  "W.  J.  Harris. 

*  In  the  old  church  this  monument  occupied  a  space  in  the  north  chancel.  In  ridicule  of  the  bribery  resorted  to  in 
City  elections,  Sir  Richard  Steele,  in  the  73rd  number  of  the  Taller,  fired  off  a  squib  at  the  expense  of  Sir  Ambrose 

Crowley,  under  the  name  of  Sir  Humphrey  Greenhat. 

s  s  2 


3i6  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

Mitcliam,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  subjoiucd  list,  enjoys  various  benefactions  : — • 

1626.  Henry  Smitli,  Esq.,  of  London,  gave  ^£4  i^er  annum,  wliicli  is  laid  out  in  great-coats,  and  given  every 
Clu-istmas,  by  the  cliurcliwardeus,  to  sLx  poor  housekeepers  not  receiving  alms.* 

1639.  Thomas  Plunimer,  Esq.,  left  £\  per  annum,  which  is  laid  out  in  bread,  and  given  at  the  church  every  Sunday 
morning,  by  the  churchwardens,  to  the  poor  of  the  parish. 

1709.  Mrs.  EUeu  Fisher,  of  Hammersmith,  left  £200  to  be  laid  out  in  lands  of  inheritance,  the  rent  thereof  being 
.£14  per  annum,  to  be  given  every  Whit-Monday,  by  the  minister,  churchwardens,  and  trustees,  to  24  poor  housekeepers 
not  receiving  alms. 

1792.  Mrs.  Rosamond  Oxtoby  left  £2  12s.  per  annum,  to  be  laid  out  in  bread,  and  distributed  at  tbe  church  every 
Sunday  morning,  by  the  churchwardens,  to  the  poor  of  the  parish. 

1815.  Mrs.  Rebecca  Cranmer  left  £400,  3  per  cent.  Consols,  to  the  minister  and  churchwardens  on  trust,  the  dividends 
to  be  expended  in  the  purchase  of  certain  articles  of  clothing,  for  six  poor  widows  of  the  parish,  annually  on  St.  Thomas's 
day. 

1817.  Mrs.  Ann  Tate  left  £500  ;  and,  in  1821,  her  sister,  EUzabeth  Tate,  left  £1,000,  to  be  hud  out  in  stock  ;  the 
dividends  to  be  expended  in  the  purchase  of  provisions,  to  be  distributed  annually,  on  Cluistmas  eve,  amongst  the  poor 
of  the  parish  not  receiving  alms. 

In  1782  a  large  workliouse  was  built  on  the  side  of  Mitcliam  Common  at  tlie  expense 
of  £1,200.  A  Sunday  school  was  established  here  on  an  extensive  plan,  and  a  school- 
house  built  in  1788. 

In  1829  a  row  of  almshouses,  in  the  style  prevalent  in  the  latter  part  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  from  designs  by  Buckler,  was  built,  at  the  expense  of  Miss  Tate,  on  the  south 
side  of  the  Lower  Green.  These  houses  Avere  endowed  by  the  founder  for  twelve  poor 
Avidows  or  unmarried  women  of  respectable  character,  members  of  the  Church  of  England. 
There  are  one  or  two  Dissenting  places  of  worship  at  Mitcham,  but  none  of  any  importance 


MORDON,  OR  MORDEX. 

The  parish  of  Mordon  (anciently  written  Monhne^  or  Ilordune,  from  mor  and  dune, 
signifying  a  hill)  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Merton,  on  the  east  by  Mitcham,  on  the 
south  by  Carshalton,  and  by  Cheam  and  Maiden  on  the  west.  The  soil  is  a  stiff  clay, 
and  the  land  partly  arable  and  partly  meadow.  In  the  Doomsday  Book  the  manor  is 
described  among  the  lands  of  the  monks  of  Westminster,  viz. : — 

"  The  Abbot  of  St.  Peter,  Westminster,  holds  Ilordoiic,  which  in  the  time  of  King 
Edward,  was  assessed  at  12  hides ;  now  at  3  hides.     The  arable  land  amounts  to 
There    are    3    carucates   in    the    demesne ;    and    eight   villains,    and   five    cottars,    Avith 
4  carucates.     There  is  one  bondman ;  and  a  mill,  at  -10s.     In  the  time  of  King  Edward  it 
was  A^alued  at  £6,  now  at  £10,  and  yet  it  is  worth  £15  "  (or  it  produces  £15). 

*  Aubrey  ("  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  142)  has  given  cuiTency  to  the  idle  tale  that  "  in  the  difl'usive  Charity  bestowed  on 
the  largest  part  of  this  county,  this  Town  was  excepted  by  Mr.  Smith,  because  he  was  whipp'd  as  a  common  Vagrant  by 
the  Inhabitants  here,"  to  wliich  the  above  annoimcement  is  an  effectual  refutation. 


MORDOX.  3,7 

This  manor  belonged  to  the  Abbey  of  ■\Ycstrainster  prior  to  the  Con(|iie.st,  and  is 
mentioned  among  the  monastic  estates  in  the  charter  of  confirin;i(ion  granted  by  Ivlward 
the  Confessor,  as  also  in  the  charters  of  William  I.  and  Edward  I.  At  the  dissolu- 
tion the  manor  became  vested  in  the  Crown,  and  remained  so  until  7  Ivlward  W.,  when  it 
■was  granted  under  letters-patent  to  Lionel  Ducket  and  Edward  Whitchurch,  of  whom  it 
was  purchased  by  Eichard  Garth,  Esq.,  in  1553.  From  him  the  estate  descended  to 
Eichard  Garth,  who  died  in  1G41,  seized  of  the  manor,  mansion,  and  lands  here,  and  of 
other  messuages  and  estates  at  Merton,  Maldon,  and  Carshaltou,  leaving  a  sou  and  heir, 
Cxeorge  Garth,  Esq.,  who  married  first  Aime,  sister  and  coheiress  of  Sir  George  Carlton,  ]5art., 
who  died  in  1G55,  and  secondly  Jaue,  daughter  of  Sir  Humphrey  Bonnet,  Knt.,  Avho 
survived  him,  he  having  died  in  1676,  and  his  widow  in  1699.  By  his  first  wife  Mr.  Garth 
had  Eichard,  his  successor  in  this  estate,  and  several  daughters ;  by  his  second  he  had  a 
son  named  Henry,  and  a  daughter,  Elizabeth  :  the  latter  became  the  wife  of  Samuel 
Gawden,  Esq.,  and  after  his  decease  of  William  Gardiner,  Esq.,  whom  she  also  outlived, 
and,  dying  in  1719,  gave  by  will  the  sum  of  £300  for  the  foundation  and  support  of  a 
school  for  poor  children  belonging  to  this  parish. 

Eichard  Garth,  Esq.,  a  descendant  of  George  Garth  above  mentioned,  died  in  1787, 
leaving  three  daughters.  He  devised  his  estates  to  his  eldest  daughter,  Clara,  Avife  of 
Owen  Putland  Mcyrick,  Esq.,  with  remainder  to  her  second  sou,  and,  in  defaidt  of  such 
son,  with  similar  remainders  to  his  daughter  Elizabeth,  wife  of  William  Lowndes  Stone, 
Esq.,  and  to  his  youngest  daughter,  Mary,  wife  of  Sir  Jolin  Frederick,  l'>art.  Clara, 
Mr.  Mej-rick's  wife,  dying  without  issue  male,  the  estate  descended  in  1837  to  Eichard, 
second  son  of  William  Lowndes  Stone,  Esq.,  and  Elizabeth  his  wife,  who  upon  his 
succession  assumed  the  name  and  arms  of  Garth.  It  is  stated,  but  erroneously,  in  tlu; 
Liber  Eegis,  that  the  patronage  of  the  living  is  alternately  in  the  Garths  and  the  Trittons ; 
it  has  been  invariably  in  the  Garths  from  the  reign  of  Queen  Mary.  Tlic  old  manor-house, 
about  a  mile  eastward  from  the  church,  is  now  called  Mordon  Hall,  and  is  the  residence 
of  Gilliat  Hatfeild,  Esq. 

An  estate  here  appears  to  have  belonged  to  Isabella  do  Caron  in  tlie  time  of  Xing  Jolm, 
for  in  the  fifth  year  of  his  reign  she  obtained  a  charter  for  the  right  ol'  I'rce-warrcu  in  her 
lands  at  Mordon.  There  Avas  also  au  estate  called  tSju/al,  held,  before  the  Eeformatioii,  by 
the  Prior  of  Merton,  Avhich  Queen  Elizabeth,  iu  1002,  granted  in  fee  to  John  and  Tlionias 
Eoche.  Eichard  Garth,  Esq.,  died  seized  of  it  in  IGll,  and  left  it  to  be  sold  for  the  i)ayment 
of  his  debts  and  legacies.  The  manor  now  belongs  to  Sir  Eichard  Garth,  Chief  Justice  of 
Bengal,  and  formerly  M.P.  for  Guildford.   The  Prior  of  Lccdes  (iu  Kent)  had  lands  at  Mordon. 


3i8  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

John  Ewart,  Esq.,  erected  a  handsome  house,  and  enclosed  land  for  a  paddock,  which  he 
held  on  lease  for  a  long  term  of  Mr.  Garth.  Having  purchased  Bysshe  Court,  in  the  parish 
of  Home,  in  1788,  he  sold  his  house  and  grounds  at  this  place,  which  afterwards  belonged 
to  Thomas  Conway,  Esq.,  subsequently  to  Edward  Polhill,  Esq.,  and  more  recently  to 
George  Cooper  Eidge,  Esq.  It  is  now  the  residence  of  John  Wormald,  Esq.  This 
estate,  known  as  Moedon  Paek,  lies  to  the  north-west  of  the  chiu-ch.  The  house  is 
seated  on  an  eminence,  amidst  extensive  pleasure  grounds,  diversified  by  plantations, 
sheets  of  water,  and  other  objects. 

Advowson,  &c. — This  living  is  a  rectory  in  the  deanery  of  Ewell,  and  in  the  Valor 
of  Edward  I.  it  is  valued  at  20  marks.  In  1283  the  monks  of  Westminster  attempted 
an  appropriation  of  the  benefice,  but  were  unable  to  accomplish  that  object  until  1300  :  in 
1331  they  endowed  it  as  a  vicarage,  with  a  house,  a  garden,  13  acres  of  arable  land, 
and  1  acre  of  meadow.  At  the  dissolution  it  was  granted  with  the  manor,  and  has  been 
held  by  the  Garth  family  nearly  three  centuries.  In  1631,  E.  Garth,  Esq.,  as  stated  by 
Lysons  ("Envu'ons,"  vol.  i.  p.  363),  "  converted  the  vicarage  into  a  rectory,  by  endowing  i( 
with  the  great  tithes  and  14  acres  of  glebe."  In  the  Liber  Eegis  the  living  is  charged  at 
£7  12s.  lid.,  paying  for  procurations  and  synodals  8s.  9d.  The  area  of  the  parish 
comprises  1,460  acres,  of  the  ratable  value  of  £7,600.  The  Eegisters,  commencing 
in  1634,  were  begun  by  the  Eev.  William  Booth,  M.A.,  the  fii-st  rector. 

R6cio7's  of  Mordon  in  and  since  1800  : — 

,*■' 

1. — John  Withcrington  Peers,  D.C.L.     Instituted  in  1778. 

2.—Eoicrt  Tritton,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1835. 

3. —  William  TFzM/aw,  of  King's  College,  London.     Instituted  in  1878. 

MoEDON  Church,  a  long  and  narrow  fabric,  dedicated  to  St.  Laurence,  was  rebuilt  with 
brick  about  1636,  "probably,"  as  Manning  says,  "at  the  expense  of  Eichard  Garth,  Esq., 
who  restored  the  great  tithes  to  the  living,"  and  was  buried  here  in  1639.  The 
ancient  windows,  however,  which  are  of  stone,  and  in  the  pointed  style,  appear  to  have 
been  preserved  and  refixed :  that  at  the  east  end  is  designed  with  much  elegance.  This 
building  consists  of  a  nave  and  chancel,  with  a  low  embattled  tower  at  the  west  end 
(containing  three  bells),  and  a  small  south  porch,  forming  the  chief  entrance.  Here, 
also,  is  an  elegant  stone  font  of  octagonal  form,  with  quatrefoil  ornaments  sunk  in  the 
panels,  supported  by  a  pedestal.*  The  sittings  afi'ord  accommodation  for  about  350 
persons. 

*  Mr.  James  Legrew,  a  pupil  of  Cbantrey,  was  the  artist. 


"Within  this  cliurcli  are  numerous  monuments,  gravestones,  and  inscriptions  on  brass 
to  the  memory  of  the  Garth,  Gardiner,  Leheup,  Carlton,  Meyrick,  Lo^yndcs,  Batts,  Iloarc, 
and  other  flimilies,  but  the  inscriptions  have  no  general  interest. 


MOni)0>f   CHUKCH. 


In  the  churchyard  arc  a  few  old  tombs  of  the  Mauvillains,  Highlords,  and  others,  and 
modern  bm-ial-places  and  monuments  of  the  Conway,  Kidge,  and  Tritton  families. 

The  benefactions  to  this  parish,  as  appears  from  inscriptions  in  front  of  the  gallery, 
have  been  numerous,  viz. : — 


1625.    Henry  Smith,  Esq.,  20s.  annually,  payable  from  an  estate  at  Bexhill,  Sussex,  to  be  distributed  amongst  the  poor 
of  tlie  parish  not  receiving  alms. 

1718.     Mrs.  Elizabeth  Gardiner,  widow,  by  will,  £300  for  building  and  endowing  a  free  school  in  this  her  native 
parish,  for  the  children  of  the  poor. 

1731.     Mrs.  Elizabeth  Garth,  lady  of  the  manor,  gave  the  land  on  which  the  school-house  was  erected. 

1776.     Mrs.  Elizabeth  Garth,  lady  of  the  manor,  the  interest  of  £100  Old  South  Sea  Annuities,  to  increase  the  salary 
of  the  master  of  the  free  school  founded  by  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Gardiner. 

1787.     Mrs.  Mary  Garth,  of  Kensington,  Middlesex,  spinster,  the  interest  of  £100  Old  South  Sea  Annuities,  to  be 
divided  equally,  on  Christmas  Eve,  amongst  six  poor  housekeeper's. 

1795.     Ifrs.  Elizabeth  Gardiner's  bequest  of  £300  for  the  free  scln 
was  laid  out  in  the  purchase  of  £895  lOs.  6d.  Old  South  Sea  Annuities. 

1810.     Mrs.  Mary  Batts,  of  Merton,  spinster,  £7  lOs.  annually,  t' 
parochial  relief,  on  Candlemas  Day. 

1822.    John  Francis  Fuller,  Esq.,  the  interest  of  £125  lis.  9d.  to  be  ilist 
the  poor. 

1825. 

1826. 

1827. 


to  £600,  the  said  sum 


be  distributed  amongst  the  pour,  not  receiving 
inually,  in  meat  and  peas,  amongst 


ibute 


Owen  Putland  Meyrick,  Esq.,  the  interest  of  £118  17s.  5d.  to  be  disbursed  annually  in  the  s;ime  manner. 

Edward  PolhiU,  Esq.,  the  interest  of  £1000,  3  per  cent.  Consols,  for  peqietuating  the  Sunday  school. 

Mrs.  Clara  Meyrick,  mdovr,  and  lady  of  the  manor,  £228  18s.,  the  interest  of  which  to  be  expended  annually 


in  the  purchase  of  blankets  for  distribution  ; 


,'st  the  poor  at  Christmas. 


The  Free  School,  mentioned  above  as  built  by  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Gardiner,  daughter  of 
George  Garth,  Esq.,  is  at  a  short  distance  from  the  church.     It  was  originally  founded  for 


320  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

the  education  of  twelve  cliildreii  belonging  to  the  parish,  but  it  is  now  incorporated  with 
the  Endowed  National  School. 

A  Sunday  school,  instituted  in  1791,  is  supported  chiefly  by  voluntary  subscriptions. 

This  parish  is  incorporated  with  the  Epsom  Union.  The  poor-house,  as  part  of  the 
manorial  property,  is  now  let  out  in  tenements. 


The  parish  of  Sutton  (that  is.  South-town)  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Mordon,  ou  the 
east  by  Carshalton,  on  the  south  by  Baustead,  and  on  the  west  by  Cheam.  The  land  is 
chiefly  arable,  with  extensive  downs,  on  which  large  numbers  of  sheep  are  annually  reared. 
The  soil  in  the  northern  part  is  clay ;  in  the  south,  chalk,  Avith  an  intervening  narrow  tract 
of  sand.     At  the  last  survey  of  the  parish  the  area  was  estimated  at  1,835  acres. 

Sutton  Common  has  been  enclosed  since  1810.  A  portion  of  it  was  then  sold  to  the 
highest  bidder,  and  the  proceeds  are  annually  applied  to  the  purchase  of  coals,  and 
distributed  amongst  the  poor  housekeepers,  in  compensation  for  their  loss  of  common 
rights.  Bonnell  Common,  in  this  parish,  is  let  for  the  breeding  and  preservation  of  game, 
but  the  copyholders  have  the  privilege  of  cutting  bushes  thereon  from  Michaelmas  to 
March.     There  is  an  extensive  chalk-pit  on  the  road  from  Sutton  to  Carshalton. 

The  manor  is  thus  described  in  the  Doomsday  Book  among  the  lands  of  the  abbot  and 
convent  of  Chertsey  :— 

"  The  Abbey  holds  Siidtone.  In  the  time  of  King  Edward,  it  was  assessed  at  30  hides  ; 
now  at  8-|-  hides.  The  arable  land  amounts  to  15  carucates.  There  are  2  carucatcs  in  the 
demesne,  twenty-one  villains,  and  four  cottars,  with  13  carucates.  There  are  two 
chm'ches,*  and  two  bondmen,  and  2  acres  of  meadow.  The  wood  yields  ten  swine.  In  the 
time  of  King  Edward,  it  was  valued  at  £20  ;  now  at  £15." 

The  name  of  Sutton- Abbot  was  sometimes  given  to  this  manor,  from  its  monastic 
proprietors,  who,  as  lords  of  the  fee,  had  a  right  to  erect  a  gallows,  a  pillory,  and  a  cucking- 
stool.  In  1538  the  manors  of  Sutton,  Epsom,  Coulsdon,  and  Horley  were  purchased  of 
the  Abbot  of  Chertsey  by  Henry  VIII.,  who  the  same  year  granted  them  to  Sir  Nicholas 
Carew,  of  Beddington,  but  on  his  attainder  they  escheated  to  the  Crown.  They  were 
granted  and  transferred,  as  stated  in  the  account  of  Coulsdon,  f  until  they  came  into  the 
possession  of  Sir  Eobert  D' Arcy,  to  whom  they  were  given  by  his  grand-uncle,  Sii-  Erancis 

*  Mr.  Manning  says,  tliougli  "  two  churclies  are  mentioned  in  Domesday,  there  is  no  trace  of  any  other  than  the 
present  one." 

t  See  under  Coulsdon,  p.  259,  ante. 


SUTTON.  3j, 

Carew.  D'Arcy  died  iu  1G25,  leaving  a  sou  aud  lieii-  uamed  Edward,  ^\•]^o  iiiarried  a 
daughter  of  Richard  Evelyn,  Esq.,  of  "Wotton,  hut  had  no  surviving  issue. 

This  manor  must  have  suhsequently  reverted  to  the  Crown;  for  Charles  II.,  in  1GG3, 
granted  the  manor  aud  the  advowsou  of  the  church  to  the  Earl  of  Portlauil,  ^\■hosc  brother 
and  successor,  Thomas,  in  1GG9,  sold  Sutton  to  Sii-  Eohert  Long,  from  whom  it  was  purchased, 
in  the  ensuing  month,  by  Sir  Eichard  Mason.  He  died  in  1685,  leaving  two  daughters,  his 
coheii-esses,  one  of  whom  by  marriage  conveyed  the  property  to  the  family  of  Brownlowe, 
and  in  1716  Sir  John  Brownlowe  transferred  it  by  sale  to  Homy  Cliffe,  Esq.,  a  captain  in 
the  service  of  the  East  India  Company.  His  son  Henry  died  iu  1761,  leaving  a  daughlor, 
his  sole  heii-ess,  Margaretta  Eleauora,  who,  in  1785,  married  Thomas  Hatch,  Esq.,  of  New 
Windsor.  That  gentleman  died  iu  1822,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  the  Eev.  Thos. 
Hatch,  M.A.,  Eector  of  Walton-upon- Thames,  the  late  lord  and  also  the  patron  of  the 
church,  the  advowsou  having  generally  gone  M'ith  the  manor.  The  manor  now  belongs  to 
Philip  Lovett,  Esq. 

There  was  in  this  parish  a  smaller  manor,  which  in  the  foiu-tcenth  century  was  luld 
under  Chertsey  Abbey  by  the  family  of  Codyngton,  or  De  Codyugton. 

Pope  Alexander  granted  a  bull  confirming  to  the  Abbey  of  Chertsiy  a  moiety  of  the 
tithes  of  Sutton,  but  it  does  not  appear  that  the  appropriation  was  ever  carried  into  effect. 
Tlie  living,  however,  paid  a  pension  of  13s.  4d.  to  the  abbey.  It  is  a  rectorj",  in  the 
deanery  of  Ewell.  Iu  20  Edward  I.  it  was  valued  at  20  marks;  aud  it  stands  iu  the 
Liber  Eegis  at  £16  8s.  4d.,  paying  8s.  5d.  for  procurations  aud  syuodals. 

Rectors  of  Sutton  iu  aud  since  1800  : — 

1.— Giles  Hatch,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1767. 

2.— Charles  Gardener,  D.D.     Instituted  iu  1800. 

Z.— Henri)  Hatch  (brother  of  the  Eev.  T.  Hatch,  M.A.).     Instituted  iu  1831. 

4. — John  Allen  Giles,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1867. 

The  church,  dedicated  to  St.  Nicholas,  was  taken  down  and  entirely  rebuilt  iu  166],  at 
a  cost  of  £6,000.     A  school  was  built  in  this  parish  in  1854,  at  a  cost  of  £1,1  iO. 

The  church  contains  many  fine  monuments  aud  curious  epitaphs,  which  Lave  been 
preserved  from  the  old  edifice.  Among  them  one  to  the  memory  of  "  Dame  Dor(  tliy 
Brownlowe,  wife  of  Sir  William  Brownlowe,  of  Belton,  iu  the  county  of  Lincoln,  Bart., 
eldest  daughter  aud  coheii-ess  of  Sir  Eichard  Mason,  Knight  and  Clerk  Controller  of  the 
Green  Cloth  to  King  Charles  and  James  II. ;  and  of  Dame  Ann  his  wife,"  who  died  iu 
1699-1700.     The  monument  exhibits  a  full-length  figure  of  the  deceased,  leaning  on  her 

VOL.  III.  T  T 


32  2  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

left  arm,  with  her  thi'ee  children,  on  a  tomb.  Two  of  the  children  are  weeping  ;  the  thii-d 
is  pointing  to  a  glory  surrounded  Avith  cherubim,  &c.,  on  a  cm-tain.  On  each  side  is  an 
urn,  and  on  an  oval  tablet  beneath  is  the  inscription. 

Another  remarkable  monument  represents  a  woman  kneeling  before  a  desk,  and  behind 
are  her  three  daughters.     On  it  is  this  inscription  : — ■ 

Death  to  he  is  gayne. 
Here  underlyetli  interred  tlie  corps  of  that  vertuous  &  religious  gentlewoman  and  servant  of  God,  Mrs. 
Sarah  Glovee,  one  of  the  daughters  of  Mr.  Roger  Owfeld,  Citizen  and  Fishmonger  of  London,  late  Tvife  of  Mr. 
Joseph  Glover,  and  Rector  of  Sutton,  by  ^vhom  slie  had  three  children,  viz.  Roger,  Elizabeth,  Sarah.  She  died 
the  10th  of  July,  1628,  at  her  age  of  30  yoares,  in  memory  of  whome,  her  said  husband  hath  caused  this  monu- 
ment to  be  erected,  24  May,  An.  Dom.  1629. 

Below  the  above  are  the  following  lines  : — - 

This  monument  presents  unto  your  view, 

A  woman  rare,  in  whom  all  grace  divine, 
Faith,  love,  zeale,  piety,  in  splendid  hue, 

With  sound  knowledge  perfectly  did  shine. 
Since  then  examples  teach,  learne  you  by  this. 
To  mount  the  stepps  of  everlasting  blisse. 

There  is  also  a  handsome  monument  inscribed  to  the  memory  of  William,  Earl  Talbot, 
sou  of  the  Lord  Chancellor,  and  High  Steward  of  the  Household,  who  died  in  1782,  and 
was  interred  here  in  the  same  vault  with  his  mother,  Cecil,  daughter  and  heiress  of 
Charles  Matthews,  Esq.,  of  Castlemerryck,  in  the  county  of  Glamorgan.  This  monument 
consists  of  a  pyramid  of  black  marble,  with  the  armorial  bearings  of  Talbot  in  white,  and 
the  motto,  "Humaiii  nihil  alienum."  At  the  top  is  an  elegant  urn,  depressed;  below,  in 
white  marble,  are  two  flaming  censers,  placed  in  saltire  across  a  crown  of  laiu-el. 

Isaac  Littlebury,  the  translator  of  Herodotus,  was  buried  hero,  and  is  commemorated  by 
a  tablet.  Lysons  and  others  describe  a  mutilated  inscription,  partly  in  French,  partly  in 
Latin,  on  the  outside  of  a  north  window  of  the  nave.  The  inscription  is  now  lost,  the 
window  referred  to  having  been  removed  and  a  larger  one  fixed  in  its  place. 

Amongst  the  rectors  of  this  parish  may  be  mentioned  Henry  Wyche  *  and  William 
Stephens,  t 

*  "  10  June,  1636,  Henry  Wyche  being  a  Non  Regent  Maister  of  Arts  in  the  University  of  Cambridge,  was  inducted 
by  Thomas  Pope  into  the  rectory  of  Sutton  June  10th,  an.  Dom.  1636,  after  a  resignation  made  of  the  same  rectory  by 
Joseph  Glover,  who  was  much  beloved  of  most,  if  not  of  all,  and  his  departure  lamented  by  most  if  not  of  all." — Parish 
Rcrjister. 

+  In  the  first  leaf  of  the  old  Register  is  the  following  remarkable  entry : — "  7  May  1703,  Mem.  that  this  Register  of 
Sutton  was  carried  away  into  Lincolnshire  by  Mrs.  Wyche,  widow  of  Mr.  Henry  Wyche,  Rector  of  this  parish,  and  was 
restored  to  this  parish  by  Mr.  William  "VVyche,  son  to  the  said  Henry,  at  the  intercession  of  me  'William  Stephens,  now 
Rector  of  Sutton."  Mr.  Stephens  distinguished  himself  on  various  occasions  as  a  political  writer  against  the  court.  "  In 
1707  he  published  a  Letter  to  the  author  of  the  Memorial  of  the  Church  of  England,  reflecting  upon  Secretary  Harley  and 


In  1803  Bi-xiin.TOX,  iu  tliis  parish,  Avas  coiistituti'il  an  occk'siastical  distiict.  Tlic 
cluu-ch,  clcdicateJ  to  All  Saints,  -was  consecrated  in  18(iG.  It  is  in  the  oarly  ilrooratcd 
style,  and  was  built  and  endowed  mainly  at  the  expense  of  the  late  Thomas  Alcock,  Esq.. 
of  Kingswood  "Warren. 

The  benefactions  to  the  parish  of  Sutton  have  been  niuncrons  : — 

1613.     Henry  Smith,  liy  will,  £1  19s.  lOd.  .iniiually  for  tlic  poor. 

1774.     Elizabeth  Stephens,  hy  will,  £6  annually,  to  be  distributed  amongst  poor  widows  and  housekeeper. 

1782.     Robert  Holmes,  Esq.,  an  equal  sum  for  the  same  purpose. 

17S2.  Elizabeth  Stephens,  £200  stock  for  cleaning  and  beautifying  the  church  and  chancel,  and  making  good  tho 
public  footpaths  of  the  parish. 

1780.  Mr.  William  Beek,  1'200  South  Sea  stock,  the  interest  nf  which  to  be  applied  lo  the  education  of  si.\  poor 
children  of  the  parish,  at  the  discretion  of  the  rector  and  churchwardens. 

1793.  Mrs.  Mary  Gibson,  by  will,  £500  3  per  cent.  Consolidated  Bank  Annuities,  to  be  applied  as  follows:— £5  to 
the  minister  of  Sutton  for  the  time  being,  for  ever,  for  the  preaching  of  a  sermon  on  the  12th  of  August  in  every  ycai  ;— 
£5  to  be  distributed  that  day  at  church  amongst  the  poor;— £1  to  the  clerk  of  the  siiid  parish  on  that  day ;— £4  to  be 
divided  between  the  churchwardens  on  that  day,  on  condition  of  their  attending  to  tlic  monument  and  family  vault  of 
the  Gibsons,  and  seeing  that  it  is  kept  iu  repair  by  the  go^-ernoK  and  guardians  of  Christ's  Hospital. 

1823.     Jlrs.  Bentley,  two  .sums  of  £50  each,  producing  £4  Cs.  2d.  annually,  towards  the  support  of  the  parish  schools. 

1829.  JIi-s.  Lucy  Manners,  the  annual  interest  of  £700  3  per  cent.  Consols,  to  be  applied  towards  the  education  of 
the  children  of  the  poor,  at  the  discretion  of  the  rector. 


the  Duke  of  Marlborough,  for  which  he  was  indicted,  fined  100  marcs,  sentenced  to  stand  twice  in  the  i)illciry, 
sureties  for  his  good  behaviour  for  12  months.  The  pillory  was  remitted,  but  not  till  he  had  been  taken  to  a  pub' 
at  Charing  Cross  and  seen  it  prepared  for  him."— Manxing,  from  Lysons's  "  En\-iron9,"  vol.  i.  pp.  495,  490. 


THE   HUNDEED   OF   TANDRIDGE. 


PAEISHES  IN  THE  FIRST  DIVISION,  VIZ.  :- 

BLETCHINGLEY.— CEOWHUEST.— GODSTONE.— HOENE.— LIMPSFIELD.— LINGFIELD.- 
OXTED.— TANDEIDGE. 

IN  THE  SECOND  DIVISION  :— 

CATEEHAM.— OHELSHAM.— FAE,LET.— TATSFIELD.— TITSEY.— WAELINGHAM.— 
WOLDINGHAM. 


rpANDEIDGE  hundred  derives  its  appellation  from  a  small  village  of  the  same 
name,  which  in  ancient  times  must  have  been  a  place  of  more  importance  than  at 
present,  otherwise  it  could  not  have  obtained  such  distinction  as  to  give  name  to  the 
district.  In  the  Doomsdaj^  Book  both  the  manor  and  the  hundred  are  called  Tenrigo. 
Salmon  states  that  "  the  Sheriff's  Tourn  for  this  hundred  was  held  at  Undersnow,  where 
three  ways  meet,  between  Godstone  and  Oxted,  at  the  south-eastern  angle  of  Eooks'-nest 
Park,  and  is  now  called  by  old  people  Shreeves  Tuni^*  The  hundred  of  Tandridge, 
Avhich  forms  the  south-eastern  angle  of  the  county,  is  bounded  by  the  hundred  of 
Wallington  on  the  north,  by  Kent  on  the  east,  by  Sussex  on  the  south,  and  by  the 
hundreds  of  Reio;ate  and  Wotton  on  the  west. 


BLETCHINGLEY. 
The  small  town  of  Bletchingley,  anciently  Blechyngelegh^  formerly  a  borough,  lies  near 
the  central  range  of  chalk  hills,  in  a  parish  of  the  same  name.  This  parish  contains, 
according  to  the  latest  survey,  5,605  acres  of  land.  The  present  parish  of  Home  anciently 
formed  a  part  of  Bletchingley,  but  it  was  constituted  a  distinct  parish  in  the  reign  of  Queen 
Anne.  Bletchingley  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Caterham  and  Chaldon,  on  the  east  by 
Godstone,  on  the  south  by  Bm-stowand  Home,  and  on  the  west  by  Nutfield  and  Merstham. 
The  soil  is  calcareous  in  the  higher  part  of  the  parish,  but  in  the  lower  portion  it  consists 
of  clay.  Limestone  is  dug  here  of  various  qualities,  some  being  adapted  for  building,  and 
some  being  burnt  into  lime. 

*  See  Manning,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  289. 


B  LETCH  I XG  LEV.  3,, 

At  the  time  of  the  Doomsda}-  survey  there  were  two  manors  here,  thus  ck'scribed  in  the 
record  among  the  Linds  of  Richard  de  Tonhridge  : — 

"  In  Tandridge  Hundred,  Richard  hohls  Civcnfonc,  -which  Alnod  hekl  of  King  Edward. 
It  was  then  assessed  at  20  hides  :  now  at  C  liidcs.  There  arc  12  carucates  of  arable  hind. 
Two  carucates  and  a  half  are  in  the  demesne  ;  and  twenty-three  villains,  and  one  bordar,  with 
9  carucates.  There  are  nine  bondmen  ;  and  one  mill,  at  32d.  The  wood  yields  fifty  .swine 
for  pannage;  and  twelve  swine  for  herbage;  and  there  are  IG  acres  of  meadow.  Of  these 
hides,  Roger  holds  half  a  hide ;  and  has  there,  in  demesne,  1  carucate,  with  five  bordars. 
In  Southwark  are  three  houses  {Juoja')  at  l-5d. ;  and  in  London,  two  mansions  (ma^Mra')  at 
lOd.  In  the  time  of  King  Edward  the  manor  was  valued  at  £11  ;  afterwards  at  .i'G  ;  aTul 
now  at  £10. 

"  Richard  himself  holds  Blachingclic.  ^Elfeeh,  and  Alwiu  and  Elnotli  lield  it  of  King 
Edward,  when  it  was  assessed  at  10  hides :  now  at  .3  hides.  The  arable  land  amounts  U) 
16  carucates.  The  three  manors  are  now  united  in  one.  Three  carucates  are  in  the 
demesne ;  and  twenty  Adllains,  and  four  bordars,  with  n  carucates.  There  are  seven 
bondmen;  and  14  acres  of  meadow.  The  wood  yields  forty  swine  for  pannage;  and 
eighteen  swine  for  herbage.  In  Loudon  and  Southwark  are  seven  mansions,  at  5s.  'Id, 
Of  these  10  hides,  Odin  holds  2  and  a  half,  Lemei  2  hides,  and  Peter  1  and  a  half.  There 
is  1  carucate  in  demesne  ;  and  three  ^'illaius,  and  two  bordars,  with  \  carucate ;  and  o 
acres  of  meadow.  The  whole  manor,  in  the  time  of  King  Edward,  -was  valued  at  £13  ; 
and  afterwards  at  £8  :  now  that  which  Richard  holds  is  valued  at  £12  ;  and  the  land  held 
by  his  men  at  73s.  4d.'' 

CiVENTONE,  apparently  the  principal  manor  in  the  reign  of  AVilliam  1.,  has  long  since 
become  a  mere  appendage  to  the  manor  of  Bletchingley.  Lit  lie  or  no  traces  of  it  now 
remain,  but  its  name  is  preserved  in  a  brewery  called  Chivington,  in  the  eastern  part  of 
the  parish.  The  reversion  of  this  estate  was  sold  by  auction,  in  1803,  to  "William  Kcnrick, 
Esq.  The  Rev.  Jarvis  Kenrick,  of  Chilham,  in  Kent,  held  it  in  1809  ;  and  the  Misses 
Kcnrick,  of  Pendell  Ilouse,  are  the  present  owners. 

The  Manor  of  Bletchingley. — This  manor,  twenty  miles  and  a  half  in  circuit,  with 
many  other  estates  formerly  held  by  Richard  de  Tonbridge,  descended  to  the  Clares,  Earls 
of  Gloucester,  and  after  the  death  of  Earl  Gilbert  in  1313,  as  he  left  no  issue,  the  family 
inheritance  was   divided  among  his  three   sisters.*     ^largarot   de  C'iare,  the  youngest  of 

■*  "25  Edward  I.,  1297,  on  an  Inquisition  taken  .it  Bletchingly  3  July,  it  was  found  tliat  Julin  Ic  Vcnur  died  seised 
of  a  tenement  held  of  the  heirs  of  Gilbert  de  Clare,  sometime  Earl  of  Gloucester,  rendering  yearly  a  bearded  arrow,  value 
one  half-penny  for  all  services.     It  is  described  as  a  capital  messuage,  value  Is. ;  48  acres  of  arable  land  at  4d.  an  acre, 


326  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

these  ladies  (married  first  to  Piers  Gaveston,  tlie  favomite  of  Edward  II.,  and  afterwards 
to  Hugh  de  Audeley),  obtained  this  manor  as  part  of  her  share  of  the  property,  and  her 
only  daughter  by  her  second  husband  transferred  the  Blctchingiey  estate  by  marriage  to 
the  family  of  Stafford.  Humphi-ey,  Earl  of  Stafford,  who  came  into  the  possession  of  this 
manorial  estate  in  1422,  and  was  created  Duke  of  Buckingham  in  23  Uenry  YL,  lost  his 
life  in  the  seryice  of  that  prince,  at  the  battle  of  Northampton,  in  14G0.  Bletchingley, 
with  various  other  estates,  descended  to  Edward  Stafford,  Duke  of  Buckingham,  executed 
in  1521  for  treason;  and  though  the  Act  of  attainder  subsequently  passed  was  partly  set 
aside  by  another  Act  for  the  restoration  in  blood  of  his  son  and  heir,  Henry,  Lord  Stafford, 
yet  that  nobleman  did  not  recover  the  lands  aud  honours  of  his  ancestors. 

Sii-  Nicholas  Carew,  of  Beddington,  had  a  grant  of  the  manor  of  Bletchingley  in  1-1 
Henry  VIII.,  but  it  reverted  to  the  Crown  on  his  execution  and  attainder  in  1539.  The 
Iving,  in  1511,  settled  on  his  late  wife,  Anne  of  Clcves,  for  her  life,  if  she  continued  to 
reside  in  England,  the  manor  of  Bletchingley,  Avith  its  appurtenances,  &c.,  of  the  clear  value 
of  £12  15s.  2d.  a  year.  Sir  Thomas  Cawarden,  Master  of  the  Eevels  at  court,  obtained  a 
grant  in  reversion  of  this  estate,  on  which  he  dwelt,  being  bailiff  and  collector  of  the  rents, 
and  keeper  of  the  parks  here.*  The  ex-queen  died  in  1557,  Avhen  Sir  Thomas  came  into 
full  possession  of  the  fee-simple  of  the  estate,  which  he  held  until  his  death  in  1559.  His 
widow  Elizabeth,  who  had  a  life  interest  in  it,  dying  in  1560,  William  Cawarden,  Esq., 
nephew  and  heir  of  Sir  Thomas,  had  livery  of  the  manorial  estate.  Shortly  after  he 
procured  a  license  to  alienate  the  manor  and  its  appurtenances  to  William,  Lord  Howard 
of  Effingham,  who  died  seized  of  it  in  1574.  His  son  and  successor,  Charles,  afterwards 
Earl  of  Nottingham  (celebrated  for  his  naval  triumph  over  the  Spanish  Armada),  who  died 
in  1624,  some  years  previously  gave  the  Bletchingley  estate  to  his  son  William,  Lord 
Howard,  on  whose  death  without  male  issue,  in  1617,  it  came  into  possession  of  his 
daughter  Elizabeth,  on  whom  he  had  settled  it.  Her  uncle  Charles,  second  Earl  of 
Nottingham,  instituted  lawsuits  in  order  to  recover  the  property,  but  he  was  unsuccessful. 

16s. ;  \\  acres  of  meadow  at  12cl.,  Is.  6d. ;  rents  of  assize,  £\.  3s.  4jd.  And  that  Jolm  was  his  son  and  heir,  of  the  age 
of  23. 

"  17  Edward  II.,  1324,  this  John  died ;  his  estate  heing  described  as  a  messuage  in  Blechingly,  value  jier  annum  2s. 
92  acres  of  arable  land,  at  8d.  per  acre.  26  acres  of  wood,  the  value  of  the  underwood  and  pasture,  6s.  6d.  1  acre  and  3 
roods  of  meadow,  value  21d.  Eents  of  assize,  21s.  6d.— Sum  £%  14s.  9d.  Held  of  Margaret,  sister  and  coheir  of  Gilbert, 
late  Earl  of  Gloucester,  as  of  the  Honour  of  Clare,  which  Honoiu'  was  then  in  the  King's  hands  by  reason  of  the  forfeiture 
of  Hugh  de  Audeley,  who  had  married  the  said  Margaret,  by  the  service  of  one  barbed  arrow,  or  one  half-penny  per 
annum,  and  suit  of  court  to  Blechingly.  William  was  his  son  and  heir,  aged  16. — Of  this  estate  we  know  no  more." — 
Manning  and  Brat,  S,xwre\j,  vol.  ii.  p.  306 :  from  the  Escheats,  35  Edw.  I.  n.  3,  and  17  Edw.  II.  n.  58,  Hot.  Pip. 

*  During  his  residence  here  Sir  Thomas  Cawarden  is  said  to  have  entertained  Henry  VIII.  and  his  queen,  Anne 
Boleyn ;  but  there  is  little  foundation  for  such  report,  as  Cawarden  did  not  occupy  this  estate  until  some  years  after  the 
Queen's  decapitation. 


BLETCIIIXaLKV.  3,7 

The  lieircss  of  Lord  Iloward  maiTicd  Joliu  ]\[or(l;uuit,  ICiirl  of  Petcrboroug]!,  and  having 
survived  hor  husband,  she  scttkxl  this  estate,  in  1(H!I,  on  her  son  Ilciuy,  second  Earl  of 
Peterborough,  by  whom  it  was  vested  in  tru:-tces  for  sale,  under  the  sanction  of  an  Act  of 
Parliament  passed  in  1G7T.  It  was  i^urchascd  by  Sir  Eobcrt  C'laytou,  Ivnt.,  an  alderman 
of  London  (an  eminent  scrivener  and  conveyancer),  and  John  Morris,  Esq.,  his  partner. 
The  former,  deeply  implicated  in  the  patriotic  opposition  made  against  the  misgovernment 
of  Charles  IL,  is  said  to  have  been  preserved  from  the  fate  Avhieli  befell  several  of  his 
associates  through  the  influence  of  Judge  Jeffreys,  who,  in  the  early  part  of  his  profes- 
sional career,  owed  to  Sir  Eobert  his  promotion  to  the  office  of  Eecorder  of  Loudon.  Other 
estates  were  purchased  jointly  by  the  same  parties,  and  on  a  division  being  made, 
Bletchingley,  with  other  lands  in  Surrey,  was  allotted  to  Sir  Eobcrt.  William  Clayton, 
nephew  of  the  aldei-man,  to  wliom  he  bequeatlied  his  possessions,  was  created  a  baronet  in 
1732.  His  grandson,  Sir  Eobcrt  Clayton,  in  178S  sold  tlie  reversion  of  the  manor  and 
borough  of  Bletchingley  to  his  maternal  relative,  John  Kenrick,  Esq.,  who,  on  the  death  of 
the  vendor  in  1799,  came  into  possession  of  the  property.  Mr.  Ivenrick  died  the  same  year, 
having  given  it  by  will  to  his  brother,  the  Eev.  Matthew  Kenrick,  LL.D.,  then  rector  of 
t!ie  parish,  and,  on  his  decease  in  1803,  it  passed  in  the  same  manner  to  another  brothei-, 
tlie  Eev.  Jarvis  Kenrick,  rector  of  the  parish  thirty-five  years,  and  who  died  in  1838.  In 
181G,  however,  the  manor,  Avith  the  borough,  &c.,  was  sold  to  Matthew  Eussell,  Esq., 
of  Portland  Place,  London,  and  in  1835,  after  the  decease  of  that  gentleman,  the  manor, 
quit-rents,  &c.,  with  great  part  of  the  town,  were  sold  to  John  Perkins,  Esq.,  for  £5-40, 
a  tri^  ial  sum  when  compared  with  its  value  before  the  Eeform  Act  of  1832.  Tlie  manor  is 
now  held  by  Sir  George  MacLeay,  of  Pendell  Court. 

The  ancient  manor-house,  which  stood  in  or  near  what  is  called  Brewer  Street,  was 
pulled  down  by  the  Earl  of  Peterborough,  mentioned  above.  The  porter's  lodge  was 
long  since  converted  into  a  farmhouse. 

The  Manor  of  Garstox,  in  BLETcmNOLEY. — This  inanor,  which  belonged  to  the  priory 
of  Tandridge,  was  given  by  Henry  YIIL,  with  other  conventual  estates,  to  John  Eede,  in 
exchange  for  the  manor  of  Oatlands.*  It  came  into  the  possession  of  Bartholomew 
Eede,  who  in  1-j73  sold  it  to  Henry  Hayward,  or  Haward;  and  it  descended  to 
Sir  William  Haward,  by  whom  it  was  sold  to  John  Burrougli,  Esq.,  in  1G81.  After 
other  transfers  it  was  purchased  by  Sir  Joseph  Jckyll,  who  married  a  sister  of  the 
celebrated  Lord  Somers.  He  died  without  issue  in  1738,  having  bequeathed  to  his 
lady  the  interest  of  £20,000  stock  for  her  life,  and  the  reversion  of  the  principal 
*  See  account  of  OalLiuas,  vol.  ii.  p.  129. 


328  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

to  Goverument,  towards  the  payment  of  tlie  national  debt.  His  real  estate,  after  tlic 
deduction  of  several  legacies  and  annuities,  he  devised  to  twelve  relations. 

This  will  became  the  subject  of  proceedings  in  the  Court  of  Chancery,  in  consequence 
of  which  its  validity  was  established  in  1740;  but  a  decree  for  the  sale  of  the  estates 
was  not  obtained  until  1749.  The  Garston  estate*  was  purchased  by  the  lady  of  Sir 
Kenrick  Clayton,  father  of  Sir  Eobert,  to  whom  she  gave  it  by  will,  and  in  failure  of 
his  issue,  then  in  fee  to  her  daughter,  Martha  Clayton,  who,  dying  unmarried  in  1802, 
devised  it  to  her  cousin.  Sir  William  Clayton,  Bart.  Garston  House  is  now  the  residence 
of  Edward  Ellis,  Esq. 

There  is  a  vague  tradition  that  Eletchingley  once  possessed  seven  chiirches,  but 
there  is  nothing  in  the  appearance  or  in  the  history  of  the  place  to  justify  such  a 
belief.  •]■  Here  was  formerly  a  castle,  which  stood  at  the  west  end  of  the  town,  on  the 
brow  of  a  hill,  commanding  an  extensive  prospect  over  Helmsdale.  Aubrey  says  that 
in  1673  the  remains  were  visible,  and  he  adds,  "This  Castle  (with  great  Graffs)  is 
in  a  Coppice,  and  was  heretofore  a  stately  Fabrick,  and  pleasantly  situated,  but  shews 
only  now  one  piece  of  wall  of  five  foot  thick."  %  When  Mr.  Bray  wrote  the  founda- 
tions only  remaioed,  which  being  then  traced,  a  slight  plan  was  made,  and  published 
in  the  "History  of  Surrey."  The  date  of  its  erection  and  the  name  of  its  founder 
are  alike  unknown.  At  the  time  of  the  Doomsday  survey  it  belonged  to  Eichard 
de  Tonbridge,  Earl  of  Clare,  in  whose  fiimily  it  continued  to  the  ninth  generation. 
In  1263,  whilst  it  was  the  property  of  Gilbert  de  Clare,  Earl  of  Gloucester,  it  was 
demolished  by  the  Xing's  forces,  commanded  by  Prince  Edward  (afterwards  EdAvard  I.), 
when  he  had  routed  the  Londoners  at  Lewes,  in  Sussex.  It  is  understood  to  have 
been  afterwards  restored,  and  was  conveyed  by  marriage  to  the  Staffords,  Dukes  of 
Buckingham.  Subsequently  it  formed  part  of  the  settlement  made  by  Henry  YIII. 
on   his    divorced  queen,   Anne   of  Cleves.     The   Howards,   Earls  of  Nottingham,  §  and 

*  Audrey  mentions  this  manor  (which  he  calls  Gasson)  as  being  the  place  "  where  the  Spring  of  the  Kiver  MeJway 
rises,  which,  by  so  small  a  force  as  a  Man's  Hand,  may  be  tiirn'd  either  into  Medway  in  Kent,  or  the  Thames  ;  ami  half 
a  mile  from  the  west  side  of  Godstone,  drives  a  Mill."— Sw-rc)/,  vol.  iii.  p.  87. 

+  The  belief  that  this  demesne  was  the  retreat  of  Earl  God\vin,  after  his  lands  in  Kent  liad  been  swallowed  by  the 
sea,  in  the  eleventh  centnry,  appears  to  rest  upon  no  solid  foundation. 

X  "  Surrey,"  vol.  iii.  p.  73. 

§  In  periods  when  it  was  customary  for  provisions  and  other  articles  to  be  taken  for  the  King's  house  by  purveyors, 
Bletcbingley  and  Home,  being  on  the  borders  of  the  woody  country  below,  were  bound  to  furnish  wood  and  coal  [char- 
coal ?] ;  but  through  the  interest  of  the  second  Earl  of  Nottingham,  lord  of  the  manor,  they  had  been  for  many  years 
excused  from  the  contribution ;  so  long,  indeed,  that  when  called  upon,  in  the  reign  of  James  I.,  they  were  unwilling  to 
execute  the  service.  In  consequence  of  their  refusal,  the  parishioners  were  summoned  to  appear  before  the  Board  of 
Green  Cloth.  However,  in  1616  the  Lord  Steward  and  officers  of  the  Board  gave  up  the  arrears,  amounting  to  one 
hundred  loads  of  wood  and  thirty  loads  of  coal,  on  the  undertaking  of  the  parishioners  to  perform  the  required  service  in 
future. 


BLETCHIXGLEV.  329 

the  Mordaimts,  Earls  of  PcterLorougli,  were  successively  owners  of  the  estate.  At  what 
period  it  was  separated  from  the  manor  is  uucertain,  but  it  was  at  one  time  the  property 
of  a  family  named  Cholmeley,  and  afterwards  of  the  Gayusfords  of  C'rowhurst.  It 
was  next  held  by  the  family  of  Drake,  of  Avhom  the  Eev.  Ealph  Drake  took  the  name 
of  Brockman;  and  his  son,  James  Drake-Erockmau,  sold  the  castle,  or  its  site  rather, 
in  1793,  to  John.  Konrick,  Esq.,  after  which  it  belonged  in  succession  to  his  brothers, 
the  Eev.  Dr.  Matthew  Kenrick  and  the  Rev.  Jarvis  Keurick.  The  estate,  now  known 
as  Castle  Hill  and  South  Paek,  at  present  belongs  to  James  Norris,  Esq.  During 
some  excavations  made  by  that  gentleman  portions  of  the  wall  and  foundations  of  one 
of  the  towers  hare  been  revealed.* 

Pendell. — Pendell  (or  more  properly  Pen-dale"!  Court,  taking  its  name  from  pen.,  a 
head,  and  dell^  a  dale,  is  a  spacious  old  mansion,  tne  property  and  residence  of  Sii'  George 
MacLeay,  above  mentioned.  In  the  seventeenth  century  the  Pendell  estate  belonged 
to  the  family  of  Holmau.  The  mansion,  which  is  kept  in  an  excellent  state  of  preser- 
vation, was  built  by  George  Holman,  Esq.,  of  Godstoue,  about  1624,  His  son,  Eichard 
Holman,  of  Pendell,  died  in  1664,  leaving  two  sons,  who  having  died  M'ithout  issue,  the 
estate  devolved  on  Thomas  Seyliard,  of  Penshurst  in  Kent,  who  had  married  their  sister, 
Mary  Holman.  His  great-grand-daughter  and  heiress,  Ami  Seyliard,  having  died  at  an 
early  age  in  1760,  this  estate  passed  to  her  cousin,  Hester  Wade  Seyliard,  who  became 
the  wife  of  George  Scullard,  Esq.,  whom  she  surviA'cd :  having  no  issue,  she  gave  the 
property  to  John  Perkins,  Esq.,  from  whose  family  it  passed  a  few  years  ago  to  the  present 
owner.f 

Another  mansion  here  was  erected  by  Eichard  Glyd,  Esq.,  in  16-36  (according  to 
tradition),  from  a  design  of  Inigo  Joucs.J  His  son  aud  heir,  John  Glyd,  dying 
unmarried,  this  house,  with  41  acres  of  land,  was  afterwards  sold  to  Andrew  Jelfe,  a 
mason  and  architect,  of  whose  fomily  it  was  purchased  in  1803  by  Joseph  Seymour 
Biscoe,  Esq.,  with  whom  it  remained  for  some  years.  It  is  now  the  residence  of  the 
Misses  Kenrick. 

*  Manning  and  Bray,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  303. 

t  There  is  a  view  of  the  mansion  at  Pendell  in  Manning  and  Bray's  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  306;  and  in  vol.  iii.  plate 
xxvi.  is  a  groimd-plan  of  a  Roman  hypocaust  discovered  in  a  field  at  a  little  distance  north-cast  of  the  house,  iu  the 
summer  of  1813,  by  some  of  Mr.  Perkins's  workmen,  in  grubbing  up  a  bank.  "  The  field,"  says  Mr.  Bray,  "  is  not  far 
from  the  foot  of  the  Chalk  lull,  called  White  hill,  up  v,-hich,  and  over  Bansted  Heath,  the  Roman  road  out  of  Sussex,  by 
Godstone,  passes  in  its  way  to  Woodcote ;  and  the  fortified  ground  called  the  "  Cardinal's  Cap,"  on  the  point  of  the  hill 
in  Caterham,  overlooks  this  field." — Surrey,  vol.  iii. ;  Additions,  p.  cxxi. 

t  "  In  the  Phmiix  Britannicus  is  a  copy  of  verses  ^\'ritten  by  (as  he  is  called)  the  ingenious  Mr.  Richard  Glyd,  of 
New  College,  Oxford,  on  '  The  Narrative  of  the  Miraculous  Deliverance  of  Anne  Greene ;  who  being  executed  at  Oxford, 
Dec.  14,  1650,  was  afterwards  re\'ived  by  Care  of  the  Physicians.'  From  the  date  of  the  building  the  house,  the  gentle- 
man here  mentioned  must  have  been  the  son  of  the  builder."  -Maxsixg,  Surrey,  vol.  ii.  p.  308. 

VOL.    III.  U   U 


330  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

NoRTU  Paek,  some  distance  from  the  town  towards  Godstone,  formerly  belonged  to 
Sir  William  Clayton.     It  is  now  a  farm. 

The  old  mansion  of  Kentwaynes,  or  Kentwin's — sometimes  called  the  Tan  House — 
was  formerly  a  residence  of  the  Cholmeleys,  from  whom  it  passed  to  the  Gaynsfords,  and 
from  them  to  the  Drakes,  whose  descendant,  Mr.  James  Drake-Brockman,  sold  it  to  the 
Kenricks.  The  house  (now  a  farmhouse),  with  part  of  the  land,  is  in  the  parish  of 
Nutfield,  though  generally  represented  as  in  Bletchingley. 

Ham  is  described  by  Manning  as  a  large  old  house,  with  about  COO  acres  of  land,  at 
the  south-west  end  of  the  parish,  encompassed  by  lands  belonging  to  other  parishes. 
It  appears  to  have  been  the  residence  of  the  Turner  family  as  early  as  the  reign  of 
Eichard  II.,  when  Eichard  Turncur  was  representative  of  the  borough  of  Bletchingley. 
John  Turner,  the  last  heir  male,  died  in  1713  ;  but  the  farm  of  Ham  had  been  previously 
sold  to  Thomas  Budgcn,  Esq.,  M.P.  for  Surrey  in  1751  and  1754  ;  and  it  was  the  property 
of  his  grandson  in  1808.  It  was  afterward  purchased  of  the  Budgen  family  by  Mr. 
King,  a  cousin  of  Mr.  King,  formerly  of  Bletchingley  House.  Oyer  the  entrance  gateway 
of  the  mansion  was  the  following  inscription  : — "  1611.  Non  Domo  Dominus,  sed  Domino 
Domus  honestanda  est.  I.  E,  T."  In  the  upper  part  of  the  gateway  was  a  room  once 
used  as  a  chapel.  The  ceiling  was  coved,  and  painted  with  stars.  It  was  pulled  down 
by  the  proprietor  in  1843. 

SxANGKAVE. — On  the  road  from  Bletchingley  to  Godstone,  near  Godstone  Green,  was  a 
considerable  mansion  thus  designated.  In  1326  Sir  Eobert  de  Stangrave  had  license 
for  an  oratorj'  in  his  manor  of  Stangrave,  in  Bletchingley,  and  five  years  subsequently  he 
had  a  renewal  of  the  license  for  two  years.*  In  1322  Eobert  le  Botiller,  son  of  Peter  le 
Botiller,  of  Bletchingley,  demised  to  Eobert  de  Stangrave,  Knt.,  and  Joan  his  wife,  his 
right  in  lauds  in  Bletchingley  :  ^  Sir  Eobert  de  Stangrave  died  in  1361,  leaving  Su-  John 
Breton  his  cousin  and  heii-.  The  family  of  Beecher  held  Stangrave  from  1580  to  1676, 
when  it  came  into  the  possession  of  Thomas  Northey,  citizen  of  London. 

The  old  dwelling  was  taken  down  about  1740,  and  the  existing  edifice,  now  known  by 
the  name  of  Ivy  House,  was  erected  by  one  of  the  Northeys,  a  descendant  of  whom, 
Milicent,  the  wife  of  the  Eev.  John  Parkhurst  (of  Epsom),  together  with  her  sisters,  sold 
the  estate  in  1759  to  the  Claytons.  In  1348-9  there  was  another  mansion  in  this  parish 
called  Dateeons,  or  Saeeeons,  then  belonging  to  "William  de  Tudenham,  who  had  a  license 
for  his  chapel  therein :   his  license  was  renewed  in  1354. 

Bletchingley  was  formerly  both  a  market  and  a  borough  town,  but  the  market  has  long 

Stratford,  Wiucliester,  la  a,  64  a.  +  Eot.  Claus.  5  Edw.  III.  p.  2,  m,  45. 


bletchixglfa:  331 

been  discoutinucd.  Here  arc  two  annual  fairs  :  one  is  held  on  the  lOtli  of  ]\ray ;  llio  other, 
granted  by  Edward  I.  in  12So,  is  held  on  the  2nd  of  !Novcmbcr,  and  is  for  cattle. 

The  fii'st  return  of  members  from  this  borough  to  Parliament  was  made  in  23 
Edward  I.,  1294-5,  but  it  lost  the  privilege  in  1832  under  the  fii-st  Eeform  Act.  The 
nominal  right  of  election  was  vested  in  the  burgage-liolders  resident  within  the  borough. 
In  21  James  I.  an  attempt  was  made  by  Dr.  Harris,  rector  of  the  parish,  and  others  to 
extend  the  elective  franchise  to  all  the  inhabitants,  but  theii-  endeavours  proved  unsuccess- 
ful. In  1623,  observes  Oldfield,  "it  was  resolved  by  the  House  [of  Commons]  that  the 
bailiif,  appointed  by  the  proprietor  of  the  borough,  has  nothing  to  do  with  the  election ;  it 
therefore  follows  [but  the  inference  is  a  non  scquitur'],  that  any  other  person  may  exercise 
the  duties  of  that  office."  *  Previously  to  1733  the  elections  took  place  in  a  large  house 
called  the  Hall,  and  after  that  date  at  the  White  Hart  Inn,  purchased  by  Sir  "William 
Clayton,  then  lord  of  the  manor.  Sir  Eobert  Clayton,  his  successor,  sold  the  reversion  of 
the  borough  in  his  lifetime  to  the  Eev.  Dr.  Kem-ick,  from  whom  it  was  iuherited  by 
William  Kenrick,  Esq.,  who  sold  it  in  1810  to  Matthew  Eussell,  Esq.,  for  the  sum,  as 
recorded  by  Oldfield,  of  £60,000. j-  In  ancient  times  the  number  of  voters  was  reckoned 
at  about  one  hundred  and  thirty ;  more  recently  the  nominal  right  of  election  was  in  the 
holders  of  about  ninety  burgage  tenures ;  latterly,  however,  the  number  of  voters  who 
actually  attended  the  elections  seldom  amounted  to  more  than  ciffid  or  toi.  In  fact,  it  was 
one  of  the  most  scandalous  of  all  the  boroughs  upon  record,  and  could  scarcely  be  paralleled 
except  by  Gatton,  also  in  this  county,  and  Old  Sarum. 

Members  of  Parliament  for  Bletchingley  in  and  since  1800  : — 

1796.    Sir  Lionel  Copley,  Bart. :  vacated,  and  in  February,  1797, 

Benjamin  Hobhouse,  Esc[.,  was  elected. 

John  Stein,  Esq.,  of  Carron  Mills. 
1802.     James  Milnes,  Esq.;  on  whose  decease  in  April,  1805, 

Nicholas  Wm.  Ridley  Colborne,  Esq.,  was  elected. 

John  Benn  Walsh,  Esq.,  created  a  Baronet  June  14tli,  1804. 


*  See  Oldfield's  "  Representative  History  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,"  vol.  iv.  p.  COS,  2nd  edit.  ISlC.  In  that 
work  (and  also  in  Manning,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  295)  will  be  found  some  curious  particulars  relating  to  the  election 
above  noticed.  Dr.  Harris,  the  then  Rector  of  Bletchingley,  was  censured  in  the  Report  of  the  Committee  of  the  House  of 
Commons : — "  On  which  Report,  being  called  to  answer  to  the  House,  and  giving  no  satisfaction,  it  was  resolved  that  he 
had  comniitted  several  offences  against  their-  privileges,  in  attempting  to  hinder  a  due  election,  and  to  alter  the  ancient 
course  of  elections  in  the  borough,  and  in  scandalizing  the  proceedings  and  justice  of  the  Committee ;  and  lie  deserved  the 
more  punishment  for  having  abused  the  pulpit  to  his  private  malicious  ends ;  and  that  he  should  be  brought  to  the  bar, 
be  sharply  admonished,  confess  his  fault  on  his  knees,  and  ask  pardon  of  the  House,  and  on  the  Sunday  sen'night 
following,  in  the  pnlpit  of  his  parish  church,  in  the  entrance  of  his  sermon,  again  witness  his  fault,  desiring  the  love  of 
his  neighbours,  and  promising  reformation."  '•'Which  judgment,"  the  Report  adds,  "was  executed  accordingly  in  all 
points." 

t  See  Oldfield's  "  History,"  &c.,  as  above. 


332  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

1806.  JosiAS  Ddpe£  Porcher,  Esq.,  wlio  accepted  the  Cliiltern  HunclretU,  and  in  January,  1807, 
John  Alexander  Bannerman,  Esq.,  was  elected. 

William  Keneick,  Esq. 

1807.  William  Kenrick,  Esq. 

Thomas  Heathcote,  Esq.,  who  accepted  the  Chiltern  Hundreds,  and  in  January,  1809, 
Charles  Cockerell,  Esq.,  was  elected. 
1812.     William  Kenkick,  Esq.,  who  accepted  the  Cliiltem  Hundreds,  and  in  November,  1814, 
John  Bolland,  merchant,  was  elected. 

Sir  Charles  Talbot,  Bart.,  of  Chart  Park  ;  on  whose  decease  before  he  had  taken  his  seat,  in  Dec,  1812, 
Robert  Willi.ui  Newman,  Esq.,  was  elected. 

1819.  Matthew  Rdssell,  Esq.,  of  Brancepeth  Castle ;  vacated  for  Saltash,  in  Cornwall,  and  in  February,  1819, 
Sir  William  Curtis,  Bart.,  was  elected. 

George  Tennyson,  Esq.,  who  accepted  the  Chiltern  Hundreds,  and  in  March,  1819, 
The  Marquis  op  Ticufield  was  elected. 

1820.  The  Marquis  of  Tichfield,  who  accepted  the  Chiltern  Hundreds  in  1822,  when 

The  Right  Hon.  Francis  Leveson-Gower,  commonly  called  Lord  F.  L.  Gower,  was  elected. 
Hon.  Edw.  Henry  Edwardes. 
1826.     William  Russell,  Esq.,  who  accepted  the  Chiltern  Hundreds,  and  in  May,  1827, 

The  Right  Hon.  William  Lamb  (afterwards  Lord  Melbourne)  was  elected :  he  accepted  the  Chiltern 

Hundi'eds,  and  in  July,  1828, 
William  Ewart,  Esq.,  of  the  JlidiUe  Temple,  was  elected. 

1830.  Charles  Tennyson,  Esq. 

Robert  William  Mills,  Esq.,  who  accepted  the  Cliiltern  Hundreds,  and  in  February,  1831, 
Sir  William  Horne,  Knt.,  Solicitor  General,  was  elected. 

1831.  Hon.  John  George  Brabazon  Ponsonby,  who  accepted  the  Chiltern  Hundreds,  and  in  July,  1831, 
Thomas  Hyde  Villiers,  Esq.,  was  elected. 

Charles  Tennyson,  Esq.,  vacated  for  Stamford,  in  Lincolnshire,  when 
The  Right  Hon.  Henry  John  Viscount  Palmerston  was  elected. 
Disfi'anchised  by  the  Reform  Act  in  1832. 

"VYe  learn  from  Howes' s  Clirouicle  (London,  IGll)  that  in  1551  the  shock  of  an  earth- 
quake was  felt  at  Bletchingley  ;  also  at  Godstone,  Titscy,  Merstham,  Eeigate,  Croydon,  and 
other  places  in  this  county. 

The  advowson  of  Bletchingley  anciently  belonged  to  the  Clares,  Earls  of  Gloucester,  and 
it  appears  to  have  been  generally  held  by  the  lords  of  the  manor  until  Sir  Eobert  Clayton 
sold  it  to  Eichard  Troward,  Esq.  Subsequently  it  became  the  property  of  Charles, 
eleTenth  Duke  of  Norfolk,  after  whose  decease  in  1815  it  was  purchased  by  —  Warde, 
Esq.  The  presentation  now  rests  with  Emmanuel  College,  Cambridge.  This  rectory,  in 
the  deanery  of  Godstone  and  diocese  of  Eochester,  was  valued  in  the  Taxation  of  Pope 
Nicholas  at  36  marks,  and  in  the  King's  books  at  £19  19s.  4^d.  The  Eegisters,  of  which 
there  were  seven  in  number  prior  to  the  Act  passed  in  1813  (52  Geo.  III.  cap.  146), 
commence  in  1538,  and  have  few  irregularities. 

Amongst  the  incumbents  were  Thomas  Herring,   D.D.,*  afterwards  Archbishop  of 

*  Thomas  Herring,  son  of  the  Rev.  John  Herring,  Rector  of  Walsoken,  Norfolk,  was  born  in  1693.  He  studied  at 
Jesus  College,  and  at  Corpus  Christi  College,  Cambridge.  Dr.  Fleetwood,  Bishop  of  Ely,  made  him  his  domestic  chaplain, 
and  presented  him  to  the  U^dngs  of  Rettenden  in  Essex,  and  Barley  in  Hertfordshire.  On  liis  presentation  to  the  living 
of  Bletchingley  in  1731,  he  vacated  that  of  Barley,  and  in  1732  was  installed  Dean  of  Rochester.     He  was  preferred  to 


BLErCHINGLEV.  333 

Canterbury,  iustituted  in  1731,  and  Lis  succcssoi',  John  Thomas,  D.D.,  who  became  Bishop 
of  Eochester,  instituted  in  January,  1737-8.* 
Rectors  of  Bletchiuglej'  in  and  since  1800  : — - 

I.— Matthew  Kcnriek,  LL.D.     Instituted  in  1775. 
2. — Javvis  EcnricJc.     Instituted  in  1803. 
3.—  Wetcn/iall  Sncyd.    Instituted  in  1889. 
i.~Charlcs  Fox  Chaivncr,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1841. 

The  church,  dedicated  to  St.  Mary,  is  a  large  edifice.  It  has  a  low  and  massive 
embattled  tower,  containing  a  peal  of  eight  bells.  Formerly  the  tower  was  siu-mounted  by 
a  lofty  spire,  supposed  to  have  contained  two  hundred  loads  of  oak  timber  covered  with 
shingles.  This  was  destroyed  by  lightning  in  IGOG  :  the  bells,  then  only  five  in  number, 
were  melted.  The  church  consists  of  nave,  with  aisles,  and  a  double  chancel,  that  on  the 
south  side  being  commonly  called  the  Clayton  Chapel.  The  nave  is  divided  from  the 
chancel  by  a  pointed  arch,  and  from  the  south  aisle  by  clustered  pillars  supporting  four 
pointed  arches.     The  chancels  are  separated  by  two  similar  arches. 

To  the  north  of  the  chancels  is  a  vestry.  The  font,  a  large  and  ancient  octagonal  stone 
basin,  has  two  quatrefoils  deeply  cut  in  each  face ;  it  is  supported  by  an  octagonal  column, 
each  face  of  which  presents  a  deeply  simk  pointed  arch.  In  the  nave,  near  the  entrance 
into  Ham  Chapel,  are  the  remains  of  a  piscina.  Nearly  opposite,  in  the  south  wall,  is  a 
small  oaken  door  bearing  the  date  of  1641,  and  forming  the  entrance  to  a  turreted  building 
on  the  outside,  within  which  is  a  circular  staircase  leading  to  the  low  leads  of  the 
church. 

In  the  south  window,  near  the  monument  of  Sir  Eobcrt  Clayton,  arc  the  armorial 
bearings  of  that  gentleman  and  of  his  lady  in  painted  glass. 

On  the  north  side  of  this  chancel  is  an  old  mural  tablet  of  black  marble  to  the  memory 
of  Nathanael  Harris,  rector  from  1609  to  1625. 

Between  the  two  chancels  is  an  altar  tomb  of  freestone  for  Sir  Thomas  Cawardcn,  over 

the  bishopric  of  Bangor  in  1737,  and  removed  to  the  archbishopric  of  Yorli  in  1743  :  tliere  he  expended  a  considerable 
sum  in  repairing  and  beautifying  the  episcopal  palace.  During  the  rebellion  of  1743  he  took  an  active  part  in  the 
associations  formed  at  York  to  resist  the  Pretender,  and  he  addressed  the  Duke  of  Ciuuberland  on  his  return  from  the 
victory  of  Culloden.  In  1747  he  was  translated  to  Canterbury.  He  laid  out  much  money  in  repairing  Croydon  Palace, 
which  he  made  his  constant  summer  residence.  He  printed  seven  single  sermons.  To  the  rebuilding  Benet 
College,  of  wliich  he  had  been  elected  a  feUow,  he  bequeathed  £1,000.  He  died  in  1767,  and  was  buried  in  Croydon 
Church. 

*  Dr.  Thomas  was  installed  Dean  of  Westminster  in  1768,  on  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Zachariah  Pearce,  who  wished 
also  to  resign  the  bishopric  of  Eochester.  This  not  being  permitted,  Dr.  Thomas  had  to  wait  for  the  latter  preferment 
until  the  decease  of  Dr.  Pearce,  which  occurred  in  1774. 


334  HISTORF  OF  SURREV. 

wliicli  was  formerly  a  stone  canopy.  At  the  west  end  are  the  Cawarden  arms,  viz.  a  bow 
between  two  i^heons,  argent,  and  the  grapples  used  in  boarding ;  on  each  side  are  two  large 
roses  in  separate  panels  deeply  cut ;  and  at  the  base  of  the  arch  over  the  tomb  is  an 
angel  holding  an  escutcheon,  on  which  a  chevron  appears. 

The  south  chancel  is  wholly  occupied  by  a  most  elaborate  and  costly  monument, 
erected  by  the  first  Sir  Eobert  Clayton,  both  for  his  own  commemoration  and  that  of  his 
lady. 

"Whole-length  figures  of  Sir  Eobert  and  his  lady,  in  white  marble,  stand  on  the  project- 
ing base  of  the  monument.  Su-  Eobert  is  in  his  robes  as  Lord  Mayor  of  London,  Avith  the 
ensigns  of  his  office.  Under  his  figure  are  the  words,  "  Non  vultus  instantis  tyranni :  " 
under  his  lady's,  "  Quando  ullam  invenient  parem  ?  "  Between  these  statues  is  a  curtain 
of  white  marble  thus  inscribed  : — 

Here  rests  wliat  was  mortal  of  Sir  Robert  Clayton,  Knt.,  in  the  year  mdclxxx  Lord  Mayor,  and  at  Ids 
deatli  Alderman  and  Father  of  the  City  of  London,  and  near  sxx  years  was  one  of  its  Representatives  in  Parlia- 
ment. By  the  justest  methods  and  skiU.  in  business  he  acquired  an  ample  fortune,  wliich  he  applied  to  the 
noblest  purposes,  and  more  than  once  ventured  it  all  for  his  country.  He  fixed  the  seat  of  his  family  at  Marden, 
where  he  hath  left  a  remarkable  instance  of  the  politeness  of  his  genius ;  and  how  far  Nature  may  be  improved 
by  Art.  His  relations,  his  friends,  the  Hospital  of  St.  Thomas  in  Southwark  (of  which  he  was  President), 
Chi-ist-Church  Ho.spital,  and  the  Workhouse  in  London,  were  large  sharers  of  his  boimty.  He  lived  in  the 
Communion  of  the  Church  of  England,  and  in  the  most  perfect  charity  with  all  good  men,  however  divided 
amongst  themselves  in  opinions.  The  welfare  of  his  country  was  the  only  aim  of  his  public  actions ;  and  in  all 
the  various  efforts  that  were  made  in  his  time  for  preserving  its  Constitution  he  bore  a  great  share,  and  acted 
therein  with  a  constancy  of  mind  which  no  pro.spect  of  danger  could  ever  shake.  It  is  but  just  [that]  the  memory 
of  so  good  and  so  great  a  man  should  be  transmitted  to  after-ages,  since  in  all  the  private  and  public  transactions 
of  his  life  he  has  left  so  bright  a  pattern  to  imitate,  but  hardly  to  be  outdone.  He  was  born  at  Bulwick  in 
Northamptonshire  the  sxixth  day  of  September,  anno  Dom.  mdcxxix,  and  died  at  Marden  the  x-\-i  day  of  July, 
MDCcvii. — GuUelmus  Clayton  Nepos  et  Hteres  D.D. 

On  the  floor,  near  the  entrance  to  the  chancel,  is  a  slab  with  the  following  inscription : — 

In  the  vault  beneath  are  interred  the  remains  of  John  Thomas,  LL.D.,  Bishop  of  Rochester,  Dean  of 
Westminster,  Dean  of  the  most  hon'^"  Order  of  the  Bath.     He  departed  this  life  August  22d,  1793,  aged  82  years. 

Amongst  several  mural  monuments  in  what  is  called  the  north  transept,  or  Ham 
Chapel,  is  one,  on  the  east  side,  of  an  emblematic  character,  executed  by  J.  Bacon,  jun., 
to  the  memory  of  Sir  William  Bensley,  Bart.,  an  officer  in  the  royal  navy,  and  after- 
wards a  director  of  the  East  India  Company. 

He  died  IVth  December,  1809,  aged  73.  He  married  12th  June,  1798,  Mary,  sister  of  Joseph  Seymour 
Biscoe,  Esq.,  of  this  parish,  and  daughter  of  Vincent  John  Biscoe,  Esq.,  by  Lady  Mary  Seymour,  only  daughter 
of  Edward,  8th  Duke  of  Somerset. 

On  the  floor  in  this  chapel  are  inlaid  brasses  in  memory  of  "Thomas  Warde  and  Jone 
his  wife,  the  which  Thomas  decessyd  an"  dom'  mv^xlj,  o'  who's  soules  J'hu  have  marcy. 
Amen."     The  former  is  represented  in   a  long  gown,  and  his  wife  in  the  dress  of  the 


CROWIIURST.  335 

time  :  above  arc  tv,-o  groups  of  six  hoys,  and  six  girls  iu  each.  There  are  also  tablets 
to  the  memory  of  the  Kenricks  and  Northoj-s,  of  this  parish.  This  church  Avas  restored 
iu  1S5C— 72,  at  a  cost  of  £2,200. 

Notwithstanding  the  -wealth  and  great  extent  of  propcrt}'  in  Blelehingley  parish,  the 
benefoctions  to  the  poor  have  been  only  of  slight  amount  : — 

1633.  William  Evans,  by  -will,  £100,  with  which  lands  called  Korrys  were  purchased,  the  pvoduce  of  which  was 
"  to  set  poor  people  to  work."     [These  lands  now  let  for  £10  14s.  per  annum.] 

1641.  Henry  Smith,  by  deed  of  settlement,  a  bullock,  annually  on  St.  Thomas's  day,  to  bo  distributed  amonyst 
such  poor  persons  as  do  not  receive  constant  parochial  relief. 

1699.  The  Rev.  Dr.  Hampton,  by  will,  an  annuity  of  £1  6s.  8d.,  charged  on  Barr  Fields,  for  liring  for  the  poor 
people  in  the  almshouses. 

In  1G40  John  Evans,  gent.,  of  Loudon,  founded  a  Free  School  for  twenty  poor  boys  of 
this  borough,  under  the  dii-ection  of  eleven  governors.  lie  endowed  the  school  with 
lands,  to  the  extent  of  about  32  acres,  in  the  adjoining  parish  of  Nuffield,  then  let  at 
the  rent  of  £20  per  annum.  Mr.  Eostock,  of  Tandridge,  gave  a  house  and  garden,  for 
the  master,  Avhich  Mr.  Serjeant  Fuller,  his  son-in-law,  endeavoured  to  recover,  but 
did  not  succeed.  By  the  statutes,  the  master,  if  a  clergyman,  is  prohibited  from  preaching 
in  any  other  church  than  Bletchingley. 

Ten  Almshouses  were  built,  chiefly  by  the  parish,  in  IGG8,  to  which  Dr.  Charles 
Hampton,  appointed  rector  in  107 7,  added  another;  and  by  his  will,  as  stated  in  the 
list  of  benefactions  above,  he  left  £1  Gs.  8d.  a  year,  to  be  distributed  in  fagots  amongst 
the  inmates.  Four  Almshouses  for  widows  have  also  been  erected  by  the  late  Jliss 
C.  M.  Fcrkins. 

At  a  short  distance  from  the  church  is  a  Union  (Godstone)  "Workhouse  for  the  poor  of 
foiu-teen  parishes  in  this  county,  viz. : — Bletchingley,  Catcrham,  Chelsham,  Crowhurst, 
Farley,  Godstone,  Home,  Limpsfield,  Oxted,  Tandridge,  Tatsfield,  Titsey,  Warlingham, 
and  Woldingham.  The  Union-house,  built  upon  the  Clerk's  Field,  is,  iu  its  construction 
and  regulations,  in  accordance  with  the  directions  of  the  Poor  Law  Commissioners.  In 
1853  new  Board  Schools  were  built  here,  at  a  cost  of  £600. 


CROWHURST. 
This  parish  lies  entirely  in  the  deep  clay,  adjoining  to  Godstone,  Tandridge,  and  Oxted 
on  the  north,  to  Limpsfield  on  the  east,  to  Lingfield  on  the  south,  and  to  Bletchingley  on 
the  west.  The  South  Eastern  EaUway  runs  for  some  distance  on  its  northern  edge ;  but 
the  nearest  stations  are  those  of  Godstone  on  the  east,  and  Edenbridge,  in  Kent.  The 
Godstone  station  is,  however,  more  than  two  miles  from  the  town  of  that  name. 


336  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

This  parish,  as  its  name  indicates,  was  in  former  times  extensively  wooded.  The 
number  of  acres  estimated  and  tithable  is  2,081,  much  of  which  is  poor,  but  on  some 
of  the  land  good  wheat  is  produced.  Here  are  several  substantial  farmhouses,  including 
Crowhurst  Place,  formerly  the  seat  of  the  Gaynsfords ;  a  house  near  the  church,  once 
the  residence  of  the  Angell  family  ;  *  Chellows,  in  the  occupation  of  Mr.  Thomas  Pitkin ; 
and  the  Moat  House,  belonging  to  Mr.  Henry  Kelsey. 

In  former  times  it  was  customary  to  appoint  a  constable  for  Crowhurst  at  the  "Sheriff's 
Tourn." 

No  notice  of  Crowhurst  is  to  be  found  in  the  Doomsday  Book,  the  land  in  this  parish 
having  probably  belonged  to  the  extensive  manors  of  Oxted,  Tandridge,  or  Limpsfield, 
at  the  time  of  the  Norman  survey.  In  the  early  part  of  the  foiirteenth  century  Crowhurst 
formed  a  distinct  manor,  in  the  tenure  of  Eobert  de  Stangrave,  who  held  an  estate  called 
Stangrave,  in  the  parish  of  Bletchingley ;  and  in  31  Edward  I.  he  obtained  a  grant  of  free- 
warren  for  his  lands  there,  and  at  this  place.  In  1338  Eobert  de  Stangrave  (probably  the 
son  of  the  preceding)  levied  a  fine,  and  granted  the  manor  of  Crowhurst,  with  the  rents 
and  services  of  all  the  tenants,  &c.,  to  John  Gaynsford,  and  Margery  his  wife.f  In  20 
Edward  III.  John  de  Home  granted  to  Gaynsford  the  rents  and  services  of  John  At  Grove, 
seized  of  a  manor  in  the  parish  called  At  Grove,  which  in  the  reign  of  Henry  YL,  after  having 
passed  thi'ough  several  hands,  was  conveyed  to  John  Gaynsford,  a  descendant  from  John  above 
mentioned.  The  manors  of  Crowhurst  and  At  Grove  then  became  united,  or  rather,  the  latter 
was  absorbed  by  the  former.  J  John  Gaynsford,  son  of  the  purchaser  of  At  Grove,  died  in 
1450,  and  was  interred  at  CrowhiU'st.  Hie  son  and  heir.  Sir  John  Gaynsford,  Knt.,  M.P.  for 
this  county  in  1467,  and  Sheriff  four  years  later,  married  six  wives,  by  whom  he  had  twenty 
children.  Thomas,  his  eldest  son,  had  a  son  named  John,  and  a  daughter  Anne,  as  ajjpears 
from  an  inquisition  taken  in  1554,  in  which  it  is  stated  that  John  Gaynsford  the  son  was  an 
idiot,  whose  sister  was  his  heir.  She,  however,  inherited  a  part  only  of  the  family  estates, 
for  the  manor  of  Crowhm-st  came  into  the  possession  of  Erasmus  Gaynsford,  the  eldest  son 
of  Sir  John  by  his  sixth  wife.     Mr.  Manning  says,  "  There  must  have  been  a  settlement 

*  Aubrey  relates  an  idle  and  confused  story  of  a  spring,  said  to  arise  a  little  below  the  house  of  the  AngeUs  here, 
in  a  grove  of  yew-trees  within  the  manor  of  WarUngham,  "  on  the  approach  of  some  remarkable  alteration  in  Church  or 
State,"  and  which,  after  running  an  inexplicable  coxirse,  disappears,  and  rises  again  at  Croydon.  The  simple  fact  appears 
to  be  that  in  wet  seasons  a  bourn  rises  in  Birch  Wood,  in  ITarden  Park,  on  the  north  side  of  the  chalk  hUls,  and  runs 
into  the  valley  which  extends  to  Croydon. 

t  "  19  Edward  III.  1346,  the  King  assigned  John  de  Gaynsford  and  John  de  Hardresham  to  enquire  whether  any 
treasure  had  been  found  at  Crowhiirst  by  John  Rugges,  of  what  value,  and  in  whose  possession.  Orig.  Exch.  Eot.  18." — 
Manning,  Surreij,  vol.  iii.  p.  800. 

t  "  The  manor  of  At  Grove  is  now  unknown,  unless  it  is  found  in  a  farm  called  Blackgrove,  which  was  sold  with 
Crowhurst  Place  to  the  Trustees  of  the  Duchess  of  Marlborough." — Manning,  Surrey,  vol.  ii.  p.  363. 


CROWHURST.  337 

of  this  estate,  witli  limitation  to  the  heirs  male,  as  we  do  not  find  that  Anne  CJaynsford  or 
her  children  ever  possessed  it." 

From  this  Erasmus  Gaynsford,  Crowhurst  descended  to  his  grandson  of  the  same  name, 
who  died  in  1672,  having  some  years  i^reviously  settled  this  and  most  of  his  estates  on 
his  only  surviving  son  John,  on  his  marriage  'with  Anne  Gape.  The  issue  of  this  union 
was  one  daughter,  Elizabeth ;  and  John  Gaynsford,  having  taken  a  second  wife,  had  by 
her  two  sons  and  a  daughter,  Mirabella.  The  sons  died  childless,  Avhcn  a  legal  contest 
took  place  between  the  two  daughters,  ultimately  decided  in  favour  of  Elizabeth,  the 
offspring  of  the  first  wife,  who  had  married  Henry  Christmas.  The  only  son  of  Henry 
and  Elizabeth  having  died  without  issue,  his  sister,  Mary  Christmas,  obtained  possession 
of  this  estate.  In  1720  she  entered  into  an  agreement  to  sell  the  manor  of  Crowhurst  to 
Edward  Gibbon,  Esq.,  a  South  Sea  director;  but  before  the  conveyance  was  completed 
the  financial  speculations  in  which  he  was  concerned  failed,  and  Mr.  Gibbon's  estates, 
with  those  of  other  directors,  were  vested  in  trustees  for  the  benefit  of  their  creditors. 
However,  Mary  Christmas  (then  married  to  Thomas  Bates),  having  made  her  claim,  the 
purchase  money  was  paid  in  1722,  and  this  manor  was  conveyed  to  Sir  John  Eyles  and 
others,  trustees  (under  an  Act  of  Parliament)  of  the  estates  of  the  directors,  who  in  172-i 
sold  it  to  the  Duchess  of  Marlborough,  and  she  settled  it  as  a  part  of  the  endowment  of 
the  house  for  the  widows  of  officers  in  the  army  which  she  had  erected  at  St.  All)ans.* 

The  Manor  of  Newlands. — Of  the  manor,  or  reputed  manor,  of  Newlands,  said  to  lie 
in  Crowhurst,  Tancbidge,  Lingfield,  &c.,  little  appears  to  be  known.  In  1316,  Eoger,  son 
of  Gilbert  de  Eugge,  of  Crowhurst,  granted  a  messuage  and  certain  lands  in  that  parish  to 
John  de  Neuman  de  la  Sole,  and  Beatrix  his  wife,  for  their  lives,  the  reversion  to  Eichard 
de  Pympe,  and  Margaret  his  wife.  This  grant  was  confirmed  by  John,  the  son  of  Eoger. 
In  1332  John  de  Neuman  granted  to  John  Gaynsford  all  his  lauds,  rents,  &c.,  in  Crow- 
hurst, "Walkensted,  and  Lingfield ;  and  in  the  next  year  John,  son  of  Eoger  de  Eugge, 
granted  to  John  Gaynsford,  and  Margaret  his  wife,  the  reversion  thereof.  In  1337  there 
was  a  further  confii-mation  by  Simon,  another  son  of  Eoger.  These  notices  are  supposed 
to  refer  to  the  manor  of  Newlands.  In  the  time  of  Henry  YI.  that  manor  appears  to  have 
been  in  possession  of  "William  de  Newdigate,  who  left  it  to  Leticc,  his  wife  (afterwards  the 
wife  of  George  Danyell,  of  Eickmansworth,  Herts),  for  her  life,  and  after  her  death  to 
John  de  Newdigate,  his  brother  (or  son),  which  John  in  1458  granted  his  reversion  to 
James,  his  brother.  This  right  was  acknowledged  by  the  aforesaid  George  Danyell,  and 
Letice  his  wife,  and  they  in  1469  demised  the  manor  to  James  Newdigate,  of  London, 

*  Manning  and  Bray,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  pp.  362 — 5. 
VOL.    III.  X  X 


338  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

grocer,  clnring  tlie  life  of  Letice,  ou  his  paying  to  them  yearly,  in  their  manor  of  Woodwyk, 
Herts,  10  marks  sterling.  After  numerous  transfers,  on  an  inquisition  ou  a  commission 
of  idiotcy  taken  at  Southwark  in  1554,  it  was  found  that  Jolm  Ga5msford,  an  idiot,  aged 
eighteen,  son  and  heir  of  Thomas  Gaynsford,  Esq.,  Avas  possessed  of  this  manor,  and  of 
lands  called  Dairelonds  and  Motelonds,  &c.,  in  Tandridge  and  Godstoue,  held  of  the  manor 
of  Godstone,  Anne  being  his  sister  and  heu-,  of  the  age  of  fifteen.  In  1G08,  or  IGIO, 
Thomas  Thorp  died  seized  of  lands  and  tenements  called  Newlands,  in  Tandridge,  held  of 
Sir  Thomas  Hoskyns  as  of  his  manor  of  Okested,  leaving  a  sou  and  heii-,  Eichard.* 

The  Manor  of  Ciiellows. — This  manor  extends  into  the  parishes  of  Liugfield  and 
Limpsfield,  but  the  manor-house  is  in  CroAvhurst.  It  belonged  to  the  flmiily  of  Gaynsford,  f 
and  from  John  Gaynsford,  who  held  it  in  13G0,  it  descended  to  Sir  John  Gaynsford, 
previously  mentioned  as  the  father  of  a  numerous  progeny  by  six  wives.  "When  the  family 
estates  were  divided  after  the  death  of  liis  idiot  grandson,  John  Gaynsford,  the  manor  of 
Chellows,  or  Chellwys,  was  assigned  as  the  share  of  his  sister  Anne,  who  married  William 
Forster,  Esq.,  and  it  was  released  to  her  by  her  kinsman,  Erasmus  Gaynsford,  in  15G0. 
She  died  in  1591,  and  her  son  and  heir,  Sir  William  Forster,  Knt.,  in  1G12  sold  this 
manorial  estate  to  John  Hatcher,  of  Newdigate,  who  in  the  next  year  alienated  it  to  John 
Coui'thopp,  Esq.,  of  Liugfield.  After  passing  through  various  hands  it  became  the 
property  of  James  Donovan,  Esq.,  who  died  in  1831.  The  house  is  now  in  the  occupation 
of  Mr.  Thomas  Pitkin. 

There  was  a  family  named  Angell  settled  at  Crowhurst  before  1G15,  to  which  belonged 
John  Angell,  Esq.,  Caterer  to  James  I.,  Charles  I.,  and  Charles  II.,  and  Chief  Porter  at 
Windsor  Castle,  who  died  in  1G75  :  by  his  wife  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Sii-  Eobert  Edolph, 
of  Kent,  he  had  twenty  children,  of  whom  six  sons  and  thi'ee  daughters  survived  him.  J 
In  1785  a  gentleman  named  Angell  died  at  Stockwell,  having  left  a  very  singular  will. 
It  includes  a  bequest  of  part  of  his  property  to  such  person  or  persons  as  could  produce 
sufficient  evidence  of  descent  from  an  ancestor  of  Mr.  Angell  who  lived  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  VI. :  hence  has  ensued  abundance  of  litigation,  greatly  to  the  profit  of  the  retainers 
of  the  law.  Among  the  claimants  were  persons  who  endeavoured  to  prove  themselves 
descended  from  some  one  of  the  twenty  childi-en  of  John  Angell  of  Crowhurst.     They  who, 

*  Manning,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  iii.  pp.  336,  367,  and  379. 

t  In  an  inscription  on  tlie  tomb  of  Erasmus  Gaynsford,  Esq.,  of  Crowhurst  Place,  in  the  cemetery  helongiDg  to  the 
parish  church,  he  is  styled  "  the  eldest  descendant  of  that  familie,  residing  there  long  before  the  Norman  Conquest." 
Mr.  Manning  observes,  relative  to  this  statement  of  the  antiquity  of  the  family,  that  if  it  be  correct,  the  residence  must 
have  been  at  Chellows,  which  manor,  as  well  as  that  of  Blockfield,  in  the  parish  of  Liugfield,  the  Gaynsfords  held  iu  the 
time  of  Edward  III.,  but  how  much  earlier  is  not  known.     ("  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  362.) 

X  See  epitaph  in  Crowhurst  Church. 


CROWHCRST.  339 

throngli  females,  were  more  recently  related  to  the  late  Mr.  Angcll  of  Stockwell,  oLtaiued 
possession  of  the  property  "without  any  probability,  as  it  appeared,  of  being  further 
disturbed.  About  thirty  years  ago,  however,  a  person  of  the  name  of  Angell,  in  humble 
life,  established  his  claim  to  the  contested  property  of  an  innncnse  amount.  The  estate 
of  the  Angclls  at  Crowhurst  had  been  many  years  in  the  possession  of  the  late  George 
Eush,  Esq.,  of  Elscnham  Ilall,  Essex,  formerly  a  vinegar  maker  at  Lambeth,  and  it  did 
not  appear  that  his  right  therein  "was  affected  by  the  ne"w  claim  to  other  portions  of  the 
Angell  property. 

Ceo"\vh:ukst  Place. — Cro-ndiurst  Place,  mentioned  above  as  the  ancient  scat  of  the 
Gaynsfords,  stands  nearly  a  mile  south  from  the  church.  The  house  is  partly  of  timber, 
in  panels,  other  portions  having  been  bricked  up,  and  is  chiefly  covered  "v\'ith  Horsham 
slate.  Much  of  the  "wall  by  "which  it  was  formerly  surrounded  remains,  and  the  moat  by 
■which  it  "was  also  encompassed  is  still  entii-e.     It  "was  long  ago  converted  into  a  farmhouse. 

The  entrance  is  by  a  porch,  but  not  apparently  the  original  one.  On  the  door  is  a 
circular  iron  plate,  "with  a  ring  attached,  by  "which  the  latch  is  opened.  This  plate,  orna- 
mented "with  open  "work,  had  formerly  under  it  a  piece  of  red  morocco  leather,  a  relic  cf 
the  costly  style  in  which  the  house  had  been  fitted  up. 

The  mansion  chiefly  consisted,  so  far  as  may  be  inferred  from  the  present  state  of  the 
building,  of  a  large  hall  reaching  up  to  the  roof,  a  small  parlour  on  the  left  side,  and  a 
large  Avaiuscoted  parlour,  "with  curiously  carved  panels,  on  the  right.  Arouud  the  small 
parlour,  about  1-1  feet  square,  and  now  modernised  as  a  family  sitting-room,  were  formerly 
several  shields  of  arms  painted  on  small  boards,  among  them  being  those  of  France  and 
England  impaling  Anne  of  Cleves,  or  Catherine  of  Arragon ;  and  also  the  arms  of  Louvaine, 
Warren,  Clare,  &c. 

The  large  parloiu-  must  have  been  originally  a  splendid  apartment,  as  the  following 
extract  will  show  : — "  The  cornice  round  the  great  parlour  is  of  open-work,  in  which  arc 
the  initials  of  the  name  of  Gaynsford,  in  modern  Gothic  letters,  with  the  grapples  (a  device 
of  the  family)  running  round  the  room  ;  behind  the  open-work  of  the  cornice  is  a  crimson- 
coloui-ed  ground  ;  the  ceiling  consists  of  fluted  girders  and  joists,  which  have  been  painted 
blue,  studded  with  metal  stars  gilt."  * 

Much  of  this  costly  decoration  may  still  be  traced.  Over  the  hall,  now  appropriated  as 
a  kitchen,  a  floor  has  been  constructed,  and  chambers  made  above.  Against  the  wall  are 
some  shields  of  arms  painted  on  small  boards,  as  formerly  in  the  little  parlour.  In  the 
window  were  tlrree  shields  of  painted  glass  (two  of  which  remain),  viz.  : — 

*  Maiming  and  Bray,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  \i.  3C3. 


340  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

1.  Anj.  a  chev.  yu.  Letween  three  greyhounds  ml.  collared  arg.  for  Gaynsford ;  Lelow  which  is  a  cross 
saltire  gu.  within  a  bordure,  sab.  powdered  with  pellets  or,  both  impaling  gu.  a  chev.  arg.  between  three  birds 
standing  arg.  2.  Gu.  a  fess  erm.  charged  with  an  annulet  sah.  between  three  martlets  or,  impaling  Gaynsford 
as  before.     3.  A  grapple  double-fluted  or,  on  a  white  ground,  the  cable  coUed  up. 

The  original  timber  roof  of  tlie  mansion,  elegantly  formed  and  remarkably  substantial, 
is  in  a  perfect  state,  and  apparently  capable  of  enduring  for  centuries. 

Henry  VIII.  is  understood  to  have  repeatedly  visited  Crowhurst  Place  in  his  way  to 
A  imp,  Boleyn,  at  Hever  Castle,  four  miles  distant.  The  memory  of  his  visits  is  preserved 
by  a  thick  double  yew  hedge  in  the  garden,  the  planting  of  which  has  been  idly  assigned 
by  tradition  to  the  royal  hand.  In  the  farmyard  is  a  barn  of  extraordinary  magnitude 
and  strength,  covered  with  Horsham  slate. 

The  Moat  House,  a  handsome  farm  residence  about  half  a  mile  from  Crowhurst  Place, 
is  remarkable  as  standing  in  the  three  parishes  of  Tandiidge,  Crowhurst,  and  Lingfield. 
It  is  the  property  of  Mr.  Henry  Kelsey,  whose  family  purchased  it  from  the  executors 
of  the  late  T.  Lucas,  Esq.,  in  1842. 

The  rectory  of  Crowhurst  was  vested  in  the  prior  and  convent  of  Tandridge  before  1304. 
In  1537-8  the  rectory  was  granted  by  Henry  VIII.  to  John  Eede  (a  minor  in  the 
guardianship  of  Lord  Cromwell),  with  that  of  Tandi-idge,  and  various  other  livings 
and  estates,  in  Surrey  and  other  counties,  in  exchange  for  Otelands,  in  Weybridge. 
John,  the  son  of  this  John  Eede,  sold  it,  in  1576,  to  Eichard  Bostock,  Esq.,  by  whom  it 
was  transferred,  in  1577,  to  Edwai'd  Johnson,  who  soon  afterwards  sold  it  to  Francis 
"Wallys.  It  afterwards  came  into  the  family  of  the  Angells,  and  subsequently  into  that 
of  the  Eushes,  of  Elsenham  Hall,  Essex.  The  living  is  now  a  vicarage,  in  the  gift  of  the 
Earl  of  Cottenham,  who  is  also  lord  of  the  manor,  and  who  derives  from  it  his  second  title 
of  Viscount  Crowhm-st.  The  Eegisters  of  baptisms  and  burials  commence  in  15G7  ;  those 
of  marriages  in  1573. 

Vicars  in  and  since  1800  : — 

1. —  William  3I'Kenstrey,  M.A.    Instituted  in  1790. 
2.—Rohert  Fitsherlert  Fuller,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1819. 
3. — James  Haldane  Steivart,  jun.,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1850. 
4. —  George  Whechvright,  of  King's  College,  London.     Instituted  in  1859. 
5. — Lionel  Oliver  Bigg,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1876. 
The  church,  dedicated  to  St.  George,  is  a  smaU  structure,  in  the  deanery  of  Ewell. 
It  was  valued  at  100s.  under  Edward  I.     It  consists  of  nave,  chancel,  and  a  small  south 
aisle,  the  length  of  the  former.     At  the  west  end  is  a  wooden  tower  with  three  bells, 
having  a  slender  spire  of  the  same  material. 


CRO  WHURST.  341 

The  cast  window  is  iu  the  poiuted  form,  and  composed  of  tlu'cc  hirge  trefoil-headed 
lights,  and  six  smaller  ones  and  a  qnatrcfoil  above,  with  considerable  remains  of  painted 
glass.  In  the  centre  are  the  armorial  bearings  of  James  Donovan,  Esq.,  of  Chellows  Park, 
with  the  motto,  "  Adjuvante  Deo  iu  Hostcs." 

In  the  north  window  of  the  chancel  are  some  imperfect  remains  of  the  Gaynsford  arms, 
with  other  portions  of  painted  glass.  The  pulpit,  with  its  sounding-board,  is  hexagonal, 
and  painted  iu  imitation  of  wainscot. 

The  font  is  a  large  octagonal  stone  basin  of  coarse  workmanship,  supported  by  a 
central  column,  and  a  smaller  one  at  each  corner.  This  church  was  restored  iu  1S51,  at 
a  cost  of  £350. 

On  the  north  side  of  the  chancel  is  an  altar  tomb,  oruameuted  with  blank  shields 
in  front,  with  a  whole-length  figui-e  in  brass,  and  the  following  inscription : — 

^ic  jattt  Joh'ts  (Sitjjncsforl)  senior,  glrmijcr,  qnt  ubiit  -vlx"  iic  men'  Julij  anno  5'ni  mill'mo  cccc- 
flttinipisscssimo,  tujus  a'i'e  p'pw"tttr  ^ftt0,  ^mctt. 

Corresponding  with  this  memorial  of  the  Gaynsfords,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  chancel, 
is  another  altar  tomb  "under  a  semicircular  arch  in  the  wall;  the  border  of  which  is 
ornamented  with  various  sculptural  devices ;  such  as,  a  grapple  with  a  cable  twisted 
around  it,  as  in  the  window  in  Crowhurst  Place,  a  branch  of  oak  with  acorns,  a  single 
oak-leaf,  &c.  In  the  centre  are  two  grapples,  their  flukes  set  against  each  other,  iu 
one  the  fluke  being  double."  On  the  covering  slab  of  this  tomb  is  a  whole-length 
figure  in  brass  of  a  man  iu  armour,  with  his  sword  and  spurs,  his  feet  resting  on  a 
buck,  and  his  head  uncovered.      On  a  brass  plate  is  the  following  inscription  : — 

^ic  jactt  Joh'ts  (Sajjiusfori  annifl.  tt  3^nn;t  ax.  tj'  filia  glic'i  cHalickcrst,  q'i  quiitin  c^oli'ca  obiit  i'  f  csto 
Iranslac'o  is  cS'rt  "(Eliomc  inartiiis  \\"  ^'ui  ^V'cccc°  g.v.  q"r  ai'  aba  (j'pirict'r  Jl's- 

In  front  of  this  tomb  are  tkree  shields  of  arms,  viz  : — 

A  clievTon  between  tliree  greyhounds  for  Gaynsford.  2.  Quarterly  one  and  four  the  same  as  before ;  two 
and  three  a  cross  saltire.  3.  A  chevron  between  three  birds,  being  the  same  as  are  in  the  window  iu  Crowhurst 
Place." 

Adjoining  this  monument,  under  an  obtuse  arch  westward,  is  another  altar  tomb 
ornamented  with  quatrefoils  ;  but  it  bears  neither  arms  nor  inscription. 

On  a  decayed  gravestone  in   the  south   aisle  are  three  shields  of  arms,  with   tliis 

inscription  on  a  brass  plate  : — 

^ic  jatct  Jlnnc  (SaDiusfot!)  nupcr  oxor  ^ohannis  ©asnrsforli  ic  CroUihurst  iu  iL'om.  cSuvrnj  avmig.  fili.i 
^lio.  dffitus  militis  Jl'ni  'Eakcr  [JIacvc]  tujus  aninu  propicictur  ^tus,  glmcn. 

Under  an  achievement  against  the  north  wall  of  the  church :  — 


342  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

In  memory  of  Nicholas  Gaynesford,  of  Crowhiirst  Place  in  the  county  of  Surrey,  Gent,  (who  marrie  1 
Margaret,  daughter  and  heir  of  William  Butler,  in  Northamptonsh.  Esq.).  He  departed  this  life  January  the 
25th,  anno  Domini  1705,  aged  near  80  years. 

Beneath  is  an  inscrii)tion  for  "Mrs.  Margaret  Gaynesford,  late  wife  to  Mcljolas 
Gaynesford,  Gent.,"  who  died  in  1G91. 

In  the  floor  of  the  chancel,  on  the  south  side  of  the  altar,  is  an  object  of  some  curiosity  : 
embossed  on  a  cast-iron  plate  are  the  figures  of  two  boys  in  one  small  square ;  over  them, 
"W.  E. ;  in  another  square,  two  girls  kneeling ;  in  the  middle,  a  figure  in  a  winding-sheet ; 
and  towards  the  uj^pcr  end  is  this  inscription: — 

F. 

HER  :  LIETH  :  ANKE  LORST* 
R  :  DAUGHTER  :  AND 
HEYR  :  TO  THOMAS  : 
GAYNESFORD   :  ESQUIER 
DECEASED   :  XVIII  :  OF  : 
JANUARII   :  1591   :  LEAVING 
BEHIND  :  HER  :  II  :  SONS  : 
AND  :  V  :  DAUGHTERS. 

Several  other  memorials  of  the  Gaynsfords  and  their  connections  have  been  either 
partially  or  wholly  lost,  and  some  yet  remain  in  the  churchyard. 

The  monuments,  achievements,  inscriptions,  &c.,  of  the  Angcll  family  are  numerous. 
In  the  chancel  is  a  black  marble  tablet,  with  two  Ionic  pillars  of  the  same  material, 
to  the  memory  of  Thomasine,  wife  of  Eichard  Marryott,  of  St.  Clement  Danes,  Middlesex, 
and  daughter  of  John  Angell,  of  Crowhurst,  &c.,  who  died  in  1GT5.  Another  black 
marble  tablet,  with  white  and  gilt  framework,  a  scrolled  pediment,  and  a  shield  of 
arms,  is  to  the  memory  of  Justin  Angell,  son  of  John  Angell,  of  Crowhurst,  &c.,  who  died 
in  1680.  There  is  also  a  handsome  white  marble  tablet  in  memory  of  Margaret  Donovan, 
wife  of  James  Donovan,  Esq.,  of  Chellows  Park,  who  died  in  1826,  and  of  James 
Donovan,  Esq.,  her  husband,  who  died  in  1831. 

A  vicarage-house  was  built  in  1865,  on  ground  giA^en  by  the  Earl  of  Cottenham. 

Near  the  east  end  of  the  church  is  a  large  and  ancient  yew-tree,  measuring  upwards  of 
10  yards  in  girth  at  the  height  of  6  feet  from  the  ground.  The  interior  being  hollow, 
it  was  fitted  up  with  a  table  in  the  centre,  and  benches  around.     The  roof,  however,  as 

*  "  F,  reversed,"  observe  Maiming  and  Bray  in  a  note.  Beneath  the  inscription  "  are  two  small  shields  of  arms. 
On  the  one  is,  1,  a  Lion  rampant;  2,  .  .  .  .;  3,  a  Che\Ton  between  3  Greyhounds ;  4,  .  .  .  ." — "  At  Baynard's  in  Ewhmst 
there  is  a  long  cast-iron  back  in  the  chimney,  with  the  same  inscription  and  a  duplicate,  and  the  same  mistake  of  reversing 
the  F,  in  Forster.  Over  each,  on  a  shield  supported  by  a  Lion  and  a  Griffin,  is  a  Rose  in  chief,  and  under  it  three 
Fleurs-de-lis.  In  the  centre,  between  the  two  inscriptions,  are  the  arms  of  England,  and  over  them  the  date  1593. 
Others,  from  the  same  cast  as  to  the  letters,  have  been  found  in  the  neighbourhood.  This  method  of  publishing  her 
claim  as  heir  to  the  family  of  Gaynesford  seems  a  novel  one." — Surreij,  vol.  ii.  p.  369. 


GODSTOiYE.  343 

it  may  be  termed,  fell  in  many  years  ago.  A  camiou  ball,  still  preserved  at  C'roAvlmrst 
Place,  was  found  in  tlic  body  of  tbis  tree. 

Beueatb  tbc  yew-tree  are  two  large  tombs,  railed  in,  of  tlie  Ivelsey  family,  ftirmerl}' 
ofLiugfield;  and  fiirther  to  tbc  east  is  a  large  tomb,  also  railed  in,  of  tlie  "NVicking  lamily. 
Tberc  are  also  several  bandsomo  tombs  of  tbc  Ilcads,  Turners,  &c. ' 

A  tliir,  or  wake,  used  to  be  beld  in  tbc  cbiu-cbyard  on  Palm  Sunday.  Excesses  were 
frequently  committed  on  tbc  occasion,  tbrougb  tbc  sale  of  liipuirs,  and  tbc  fair  was 
at  lengtli  abolisbed. 

A  scboolroom,  witb  scbool-bouse  attacbed,  was  erected  in  1SG2  by  public  subscription. 

Tbc  donations  of  tbis  parisli  appear  to  bavc  been  all  in  laud ;  but,  witb  tbc  exception 
of  Mr.  Smith's,  tbc  dates  are  not  preserved. 

1627.  Henry  Smitli,  Esu.,  from  land  at  WoiUi,  in  Sussex,  £i  to  aged  poor  and  large  laniilies,  due  annually,  at 
Jlicliaeliuas. 

Thomas  Sutton,  Esq.,  from  a  farm  called  Longbridge,  in  Lingfield,  10s.  at  Christmas,  for  poor  widows. 

Nicholas  Gajiiesford,  Esq.,  from  late  Gatland's  land,  in  Crowhurst,  £2  at  Michaelmas,  for  clothing  the  poor. 

Alexander  Holloway,  Esq;,  from  a  farm  named  Holdfast,  in  Edenhridge,  10s.  for  a  charity  sermon  on  Palm  Sunday, 
and  203.  to  the  poor. 


GODSTONE. 

Tbis  parLsb  is  bounded  on  tbe  north  by  Caterbam  and  Warlingbam,  on  tbc  east  by 
Tandridge,  by  tbc  coimty  of  Sussex  on  tbc  south,  aud  on  the  west  by  Ilornc  and 
Bletchingley.  It  extends  thirteen  miles  from  north  to  south,  but  is  not  more  than  a  mile 
in  breadth ;  and  in  one  place  it  crosses  tbe  parish  of  Tandridge,  dividing  the  northern 
portion,  vi'herc  Avas  formerly  the  manor  of  Tillingdon,  from  tbc  remainder.  Tbc  soil 
towards  the  north  is  calcareous,  around  the  village  of  Godstonc  it  is  sandy  and  gravelly, 
and  to  tbc  south  of  Tilburstow  Ilill  is  deep  clay. 

There  is  a  quarry  in  tbc  chalk  hill  on  the  estate  of  Sir  William  Clayton,  whence  is 
obtained  a  kind  of  calcareous  sandstone,  very  durable  if  not  exposed  to  alternations  of 
dryness  and  nioistiu'c,  and  which  is  therefore  used  with  advantage  in  building  wet  docks, 
&c.,  or  ovens.* 

The  village  of  Godstonc,  rather  more  than  two  miles  north  from  tbc  Godstonc  station 
on  tbe  South  Eastern  Eailway,  is  situated  on  the  high-road  between  Croydon  aud  East 
Grinstead.  Tbis  road  passed  about  half  a  mile  eastward  of  tbe  present  line,  and,  in  conse- 
quence of  tbe  alteration,  a  village  has  been  built  beside  tbc  new  road,  and  westward  of  the 
old  village.     An  ancient  road,  supposed  to  be  of  Eoman  origin,  passes  through  Godstonc 

*  See  General  History,  vol.  i. 


3+4  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

from  Sussex  towards  Croydon;  hence,  probably,  a  stream  whicli  crosses  it  is  called 
Stretton  Brook,  and  one  of  the  divisions  of  this  parish  is  styled  Stanstreet,  or  Stretton 
Borough,  Near  the  White  Hart,  eastward  of  the  road  from  London,  was  a  mansion  called 
Godstone  Place,  Avith  the  large  town  pond  behind.  The  mansion  was  pulled  down  many 
years  ago,  and  a  smaller  house  erected  on  its  site.  On  the  north  side  of  Godstone  Green 
is  a  row  of  houses  called  the  Bank,  held  of  the  manor  of  Bletchingley. 

Formerly  a  constable  for  Godstone,  and  a  headborough  for  South  Brook  and  Heath 
Hatch,  were  appointed  at  the  "  Sheriff's  Touru." 

Immediately  in  the  vicinity  of  Godstone  are  several  barrows,  or  tumuli :  two  small 
ones  on  Godstone  Green,  in  the  way  to  Bletchingley,  two  in  the  fields  on  the  north  side 
of  the  green,  and  a  very  large  one,  three  miles  east  from  Godstone,  in  the  adjoining  parish 
of  Oxted. 

South-east  of  the  chui'ch,  at  Leigh  Place,  an  ancient  seat  of  the  Evelyns,  is  a  steep  hill 
named  Castle  Hill,  on  the  top  of  which,  on  the  east  side,  arc  a  ditch  and  a  bank,  the  remains 
of  a  fortification. 

Near  the  south  foot  of  Tilburstow  Hill,  two  miles  below  the  village,  and  close  to  the 
railway  station,  is  a  mineral  spring,  which,  on  its  discovery  in  the  last  century,  was 
considered  to  be  efficacious  in  cases  of  gout,  bUe,  constipation,  &c.  After  enjoying  a 
temporary  popularity  it  fell  into  disuse,  but  subsequently  circumstances  favoured  its  revival. 
At  length  Eichard  Troward,  Esq.,  purchased  the  premises  and  fitted  up  a  house  over  the 
spring.  The  house,  however,  is  now  demolished,  the  well  totally  neglected,  and  the  water 
no  longer  accessible.* 

Godstone,  anciently  called  Wachdestede^  or  Wolcnestede,  is  thus  described  in  the 
Doomsday  Book : — "  The  same  Earl  (Eustace  of  Bologne)  holds  Wachelestede,  which 
Osward  held  of  King  Edward.  It  was  then  assessed  at  40  hides  :  now  at  6  hides.  The 
arable  land  amounts  to  30  carucates.  There  are  3  carucates  in  demesne;  and  thirty- 
nine  villains,  and  two  bordars,  with  22  carucates.  There  are  ten  bondmen ;  and  one  mill, 
at  6s. ;  and  3  acres  of  meadow.  The  wood  yields  one  hundred  swine.  To  this  manor 
belong  fifteen  mansions  in  Sudwerc  and  London,  at  6s.,  and  2,000  herrings.     In  the  time 

*  In  the  garden  of  a  little  alehouse  grew  a  pear-tree,  the  fruit  of  which  was  so  hard  and  worthless  that  it  acquired 
the  name  of  the  Iron  Pear-tree.  Bonwick,  the  landlord,  who  was  much  troubled  with  the  gout,  brewed  his  own  beer ; 
and,  to  avoid  the  trouble  of  fetching  water  from  a  distance,  he  sank  a  well  near  the  pear-tree.  After  drinking  the  beer 
brewed  with  this  water,  he  found  liimself  cured  of  his  complaint ;  but,  to  persons  not  similarly  afflicted,  the  beverage  was 
distasteful.  Subsequently  a  man  named  Prentice,  a  jockey,  who  lived  -ndth  the  woman  to  whom  the  house  then 
belonged,  sent  the  water  to  London,  and  sold  large  quantities  of  it  at  the  rate  of  sixpence  a  quart.  After  a  time,  however, 
the  man  ran  away ;  his  paramour  married ;  the  sides  of  the  well  feU  in,  and  the  water  was  no  more  thought  of  until  its 
revival,  as  mentioned  above.     {Vide  Manning  and  Bray,  "Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  pp.  322,  323.) 


GODSTOA'E.  3+5 

of  King  Edward  it  was  valued  at  £20  ;  aud  afterwards  at  £1G  :  now  at  jC20,  yet  it  yields 
28  pounds  by  -weight." 

Among  the  records  of  the  see  of  Eochester  is  the  will  of  a  Saxon  named  Byrhtric,  and 
iElfrythc  his  wife,  in  which  is  mentioned  the  bequest  of  Wolcnestede  to  Wiilfstau  Ueca, 
with  a  hatchet  of  three  pounds  ;  and  of  10  ploughshares,  at  Strcttou,*  to  the  mynstre  of 
Wolnestede.l 

The  earliest  notice  of  this  manor  after  the  Doomsday  survey  appears  to  be  that  in  the 
Testa  de  ISTevill,  where  it  is  stated  that  Eichard  de  Lucy  held  "Wolcnestede  in  ccqnlc  of  the 
Zing,  as  of  the  honoiu-  of  Bologne,  and  that  he  gave  half  of  the  vill  to  Odo  de  Damartyn, 
with  his  sister  in  marriage,  to  hold  by  the  service  of  one-fourth  of  a  knight's  fee.  Accord- 
ing to  Dugdale,  De  Lucy  gave  the  other  half  of  this  vill  to  Eoger  de  St.  John,  as  the 
marriage  portion  of  another  sister.:[:  The  whole  manor  of  Wolcnestede,  or  Godstoue, 
appears  to  have  soon  become  the  property  of  the  family  of  St.  John,  but  under  what 
circumstances  is  uncertain.  John  de  St.  John,  in  1317,  died  seized  of  a  moiety  of  the 
manor,^  held  of  the  King  in  capite,  and  also  of  a  tenement  called  Laggeham  (Lagham), 
held  of  Alicia  de  Dammartin  by  the  service  of  a  pair  of  gilt  spurs,  value  6d.  The  estate 
descended  to  Eoger  de  St.  John,  who  died  in  1353,  having  previously  transferred  all  his 
right  in  the  manors  of  Lagham  and  Marden  ||  to  Sir  Nicholas  de  Louvaino,  and  Margaret 
his  wife,  who  in  1357  obtained  a  grant  of  free-warren  in  those  manors.  Lagham  now  is 
a  farm,  the  property  of  W.  E.  Gamul  Farmer,  Esq.,  of  Nonsuch  Park,  in  this  county. 

The  Godstoue  estate  passed  through  female  heu-s  to  the  families  of  Gage  and  Chamber- 
leync.  In  the  rcigu  of  Henry  VIII.  it  belonged  to  Sir  David  Owen,  said  to  have  been 
a  natural  son  of  Owen  Tudor,  the  grandfather  of  Henry  VII.  In  1589  the  manors  of 
Merdenne  and  "Wolkamsted,  alias  Godstone,  with  the  capital  messuage  called  Leigh  Place, 
in  Wolkamsted,  were  purchased  for  £3,100  by  George  Evelyn,  Esq.,  of  Wottou.     This 

*  This  place  is  still  known  l>y  its  ancient  name,  as  noticed  above. 

t  See  "Textus  Roffensis,"  edited  by  Tbomas  Hearne,  p.  110. 

X  See  Banks's  "  Dormant  and  Extinct  Baronage,"  vol.  i.  p.  173. 

§  This  moiety  must  have  been  -what  is  afterwards  called  the  manor  of  Marden. 

II  Mr.  Manning  says,  when  the  Godstone  estate  of  Richard  de  Lucy  was  divided,  Odo  de  Dammartin  took  the 
north  end  of  the  parish,  where  Marden  is  situated,  and  St.  John  took  Lagham,  the  southern  part.  But  this  must  be  a 
mistake;  for  it  appears  from  Manning's  own  narrative,  and  references  to  escheats  in  the  reign  of  Edward  II.,  that  the 
family  of  St.  John  held  Lagham  of  the  Dammartins  .and  their  representatives,  and  the  other  part  of  the  vill  of  Godstone, 
which  was  Marden,  of  the  King  in  capite.  Therefore  it  may  be  concluded  that  in  the  di\-ision  of  the  vill  of  God-stone 
St.  John  took  Marden,  and  Dammartin  Lagham ;  but  the  latter  manor,  or  estate,  was  held  by  St.  John  as  a  tenant  of 
the  Dammartins,  and  Lagham  became  the  seat  of  the  St.  John  family,  some  of  whom  were  summoned  to  Parliament  by 
the  title  of  Barons  St.  John  de  Lageham. 

IMarden  Park  is  marked  in  the  maps  as  an  extensive  demesne,  yet  in  Manning  and  Bray's  "SuiTey"  it  has  almost 
escaped  notice ;  only  among  the  Additions  to  vol.  iii.  p.  cxliv.  Sir  Robert  Clayton's  plantations  at  Marden  are  mentioned 
in  an  extract  from  the  twelfth  volmnc  of  the  Archmolorjia. 

VOL.    III.  Y   T 


346  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

gentleman  had  sixteen  sons,  foiu-  of  whom  at  least  survived  him,  and  of  these  John,  the 
third  son,  was  settled  at  Godstone.  His  second  son,  John,*  obtained  the  honour  of  knight- 
hood before  1637  ;  but  on  the  occurrence  of  the  civil  war  he  joined  the  opponents  of  the 
King,  and,  being  a  member  of  the  House  of  Commons,  he  was  employed  with  others  to 
IH-esent  an  address  to  his  Majesty  for  peace  in  1642  ;  but  Charles  excepted  against  Sir 
John  Evelyn  because  he  had  proclaimed  him  a  traitor,  which  so  much  offended  the  Parlia- 
ment that  it  was  voted  a  refusal  of  the  treaty.  Yet  the  subsequent  conduct  of  Sir  John 
excited  the  suspicions  of  his  jealous  colleagues  so  much  that,  in  consequence  of  an  iutei"- 
cepted  letter,  he  was  charged  with  treachery  and  committed  to  prison,  but  he  was  soon 
released. 

The  Godstone  estate  descended  to  his  eldest  son,t  John,  who  in  1660  was  created  a 
baronet.  He  was  twice  married,  but  had  no  legitimate  issue.  Dying  in  1671,  he  settled 
all  his  disposable  estate  on  one  Mary  Gittings,^  the  manors,  lands,  and  tenements  here 
devolving  on  his  brother,  George  Evelyn,  in  pursuance  of  a  settlement  made  by  his  father. 
The  brother,  George  Evelyn,  of  Nutfield,  died  in  1699;  and  this  estate  was  held  in 
succession  by  three  of  his  sons,  the  last  of  whom,  Edward  Evelyn,  finding  the  proj^erty 
saddled  with  various  encumbrances,  procured  an  Act  of  Parliament,  7  George  II.,  vesting 
the  estate  in  trustees  for  sale.  It  was  accordingly  disposed  of,  and  the  surplus  of  the 
produce,  after  the  payment  of  debts,  was  laid  out  in  purchasing  the  estate  of  Hedge  Court, 
to  be  subsequently  noticed.  Charles  Boone,  Esq.,  became  the  purchaser,  whose  son  and 
heir,  Daniel,  married  Anne,  a  niece  of  Edward  Evelyn.  Daniel  Boone,  in  1761,  sold  to  Sir 
Kenrick  Clayton  the  manor  of  "Walkhamsted,  his  share  of  the  tithes  of  Godstone,  being  the 
North  Borough  and  Tandridge,  certain  farms  and  lands  in  Godstone  and  Tandridge,  and 
the  great  town  pond,  yielding  altogether  a  rent  of  nearly  £600  a  year.  The  property 
descended  from  Sir  Kenrick  Clayton  to  his  son.  Sir  Eobert,  who  gave  during  his  life  the 
ponds  and  lands  in  Godstone  to  Mr.  Grseme,  his  steward.  Dying  in  1799,  he  devised  the 
manor,  with  his  other  estates,  to  his  cousin,  Sir  "William  Clayton,  whose  great-grandson. 
Sir  William  Clayton,  is  the  present  owner. 

The  advowson  of  the  vicarage  and  other  possessions  were  for  some  time  in  the  hands 
of  the  Boones,  but  now  belong  to  the  family  of  the  Hoares. 

Eloee,  or  Plowee,  a  reputed  manor  in  Godstone,  was  held  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VI. 
by  Eichard  Dene,  and  in  19  Elizabeth  by  Thomas    Potter,   Esq.     In   1632    Sir  John 

*  See  inscription  on  the  monument  in  the  church. 

t  Or  grandson.     (See  a  coiTectecl  xoecligree  of  the  Evelyn  family,  in  the  account  of  Wotton,  in  this  work.) 

X  See  Tandridge. 


GODSTOXE.  347 

Elvers,  Bart.,  with  liis  sou  and  heii-,  conveyed  it  to  George  Evelyu  and  others,  in  trust  tn 
raise  portions  for  his  four  daughters,  one  of  whom  Mr.  Evelyn  married.  It  was  transferred 
in  1634  to  John  Evelyn,  of  Godstone,  whose  son  and  heir.  Sir  John  Evelyn,  Bart.,  resided 
at  Flore  with  his  mistress,  Mary  Gittiugs,  to  whom  he  gave  it  at  liis  death,  and  slu^ 
sold  it  in  1677  to  Sir  Eobcrt  Clayton  and  John  Morris;  and  it  having  descended 
to  Sir  Eobcrt  Clayton,  who  died  in  1799,  ho  gave  it  to  the  Hon.  and  Eev.  George 
Hcm-y  Xevill,  brother  of  the  second  Earl  of  Abergavenny.  Mr.  Nevill  married  Caroline, 
daughter  of  the  Hon.  Eichard  "Walpole,  by  whom  he  had  issue  one  surviving  son, 
Eeginald  Henry.  The  Hon.  G.  II.  Nevill,  who  died  in  1844,  sold  the  estate  to  Charles 
Hampden  Turner,  Esq.,  of  Eooksnest,  retaining  a  life  interest  in  it  fur  himself  and 
his  sou. 

The  manor  or  reputed  manor  of  Noebpjtii,  jSTorBRiTir,  or  Norbright,  about  two 
miles  south  of  the  village,  was  settled  by  Sir  John  Evelyn,  in  1653,  on  the  marriage 
of  his  son  with  Mary  Farmer.  It  has  been  some  time  the  property  of  the  Snow 
family. 

The  Manors  of  Hedge  Court  and  Covelikgley. — These  manors,  partly  in  the  parish 
of  Home,  belonged,  early  in  the  fourteenth  century,  to  John  de  Berewyk,  who  died  seized 
of  the  estate  in  1313.  Hedge  Court  seems  to  have  been  held  from  the  St.  Johns,  and 
Coveliugley  from  the  Clares,  Earls  of  Gloucester.  The  right  of  inheritance  devolved  on 
Eoger  Husee,  a  minor,  the  cousin  of  De  Berewyk;  and  in  1327,  having  attained  his 
majority,  he  had  possession  of  the  property.  He  was  member  for  Surrey  in  two  Parliaments 
under  Edward  III.,  and  he  served  in  the  wars  with  Scotland  and  France  diu-ing  his  reign. 
Afterwards  he  was  summoned  to  Parliament  as  a  baron,  and  he  died  in  1362,  seized  of 
these  manors  and  other  lands  and  tenements  in  Surrey  and  elsewhere.  His  brother  and 
heir  sold  Hedge  Court  and  Coveliugley  to  Hugh  Craan,  who  resold  them  in  1366  to  Sii' 
Nicholas  de  Louvayne,  from  whom  they  descended  to  the  families  of  Seyntcler  and  Gage. 
The  latter  held  this  property  till  the  death  of  Sir  William  Gage,  Bart.,  in  1744,  and  he 
devised  his  estates  to  trustees  for  sale.  They  were  conveyed  in  1747  to  Edward  Evelyn, 
Esq.,  whose  son  and  heii-,  James,  left  two  daughters,  one  of  whom  died  unmarried ;  the 
other,  to  whom  these  manors  descended,  became  the  wife  of  Sir  George  Augustus  William 
Shuckbui-gh,  Bart.,  who  assumed  the  siu-name  of  Evelyn,  and,  dying  in  1804,  left  a 
daughter,  Julia,  who  inherited  his  estates.  She  married  in  1810  the  Hon.  Charles  Cecil 
Cope  Jenkinson,  afterwards  Earl  of  Liverpool,  by  whom  she  had  three  daughters,  and  died 
in  1814. 

Felbridge  House,  at  the  southern  extremity  of  the  parish,  in  a  park  bounded  ou  the 

Y  Y  2 


348  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

soiitli  by  a  stream  called  Felbridge  '^ater,  was  the  seat  of  James  Evelyn,  Esq.,  who  in  1787 
built  and  endowed  a  new  chapel  for  the  benefit  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  southern  part  of 
the  parish  of  Godstone.  This  gentleman,  who  succeeded  to  the  estate  on  the  death  of  his 
father  in  1751,  erected  the  present  mansion  on  (or  near)  the  site  of  an  old  house  called 
Heath  Hatch.  It  is  now  the  property  and  seat  of  Charles  Henry  Gatty,  Esq.,  who  is 
lord  of  the  manor  of  Felbridge. 

In  18G6  Eelb ridge  was  formed  into  an  ecclesiastical  parish,  the  living,  a  vicarage,  being 
in  the  gift  of  Mr.  C.  H.  Gatty.  The  church,  dedicated  to  St.  John,  was  consecrated  in 
1865,  and  is  in  the  early  English  style  of  architecture. 

Maeden  Park,  the  principal  seat  in  Surrey  of  Sir  W.  E.  Clayton,  Bart.,  is  situated  in 
a  valley  at  the  foot  of  the  chalk  hills,  distant  about  one  mile  and  a  half  north  from  the 
town.  The  mansion  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  November,  1879  :  it  was  a  large  and 
conveniently  arranged  building.  The  park  is  extensive ;  the  house  stood  upwards  of  a 
mile  from  its  entrance.  Here  Evelyn  is  said  to  have  wi'itten  his  "Diary;"  here,  too, 
the  Emperor  Louis  Kapoleon  passed  some  of  his  years  when  an  exile ;  and  here  Macarday 
lived  for  some  time.  In  the  garden  is  a  monument,  erected  by  Lady  Clayton,  with  the 
concurrence  of  her  husband.  Sir  Eobert,  the  first  baronet,  to  the  memory  of  their  friend, 
Thomas  Firmin,  the  philanthropist.  Fii-min  was  a  Unitarian,  yet  he  lived  in  habits  of 
friendship  with  Archbishop  Tillotson  and  many  of  the  most  eminent  clergy.  The 
memorial  is  a  marble  pillar  of  about  8  feet  in  height,  with  an  urn  and  flowers  at  the  top, 
and  the  motto,  "Florescit  funerc  virtus."  On  one  side  of  the  column  is  a  marble  table 
bearing  a  long  panegyrical  inscription.  The  monument  was  repaii'ed,  and  the  inscription 
renewed,  by  John  Hastell,  Esq.,  a  former  occupant  of  Marden.* 

Leigh  (or,  as  it  is  now  written,  Lee)  Place,  once  a  seat  of  the  Evelyns,t  is  the 
property  of  F.  M.  Hampden  Turner,  Esq.,  of  Eooksnest,  in  the  adjoining  parish  of 
Tandridge. 

On  the  south  side  of  Tilburstow  Hill  is  a  villa  called  Tilbuestow  Lodge,  the  residence 
of  Neill  McVicar  Forbes,  Esq. 

Advowson  of  the  Vicarage,  &c. — Reginald  de  Lucie  gave  a  moiety  of  the  church  here 
to  the  Abbey  of  Lesnes,  in  Kent,  founded  by  Eichard  de  Lucie,  Chief  Justice  of  England,  in 
1178.  The  priory  of  Tandridge  became  possessed  of  the  other  moiety  previously  to  1304, 
when  a  vicar  was  instituted.  Subsequently  the  priory  and  the  abbey  presented  alternately 
to  the  chiu'ch  until  the  dissolution. 

*  See  "  Life  of  Thomas  Firiain,"  pp.  85—87  ;  also  Manning's  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  805. 
t  See  p.  344. 


GODSTONE. 


3+9 


Vicars  of  Godstouc  iu  and  since  ISOO  :- 


1. — Charles  -Edward  Do  Coctlogon.     Instituted  iu  1794. 

2. —  The  Rev.  and  Vcn.  Archdeacon  Charles  James  Iloarc,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1821. 

3. —  George  Tooker  Hoarc^  M.A.     Instituted  in  18G5. 

The  church,  dedicated  to  St.  Nichoks,  is  in  the  archdeaconry  of  Southwark  and 
diocese  of  Kochester.  In  20  Edward  I.  it  was  valued  at  27  marks,  and  iu  the  Kiui^'s 
books  at  £9  lis.  5id. 

The  buikling  consists  of  nave,  chancel,  and  south  aisle,  added  in  1824.  It  was  also 
thoroughly  repaii-ed  and  ornamented  in  1839,  and  was  again  restored  and  further  enlarged 
by  Sir  Gilbert  Scott  in  1872,  at  a  cost  of  £4,500. 

The  pulpit  is  of  mahogany,  and  hexagonal  iu  form.  The  belfry  is  near  the  east  end  of 
the  chiux'h,  on  the  south  side.  It  contains  six  bells,  and  over  it  is  a  square  tower  sur- 
mounted by  a  shingled  spire.  On  the  north  side  of  the  cliuncel  arc  two  chapels  appro- 
priated to  the  sepulture  of  the  Evelyn  and  Boone  families. 

The  ancient  stone  font  is  massive,  hexagonal  in  form,  on  a  square  pedestal,  with 
cinquefoils,  roses,  &c.,  sunk  in  the  panels. 

On  the  north  side  of  the  communion-table,  against  the  east  wall  of  the  chancel,  is  a 
handsome  mural  tablet,  beneath  which,  in  a  vault,  lie  the  remains  of  Mrs.  Frances 
Glanville,  daughter  and  sole  heiress  of  William  Glanville,  Esq.  She  was  married  to 
William,  fifth  and  youngest  son  of  George  Evelyn,  Esq.,  of  Nutfield,  who  on  the  occasion 
took  the  name  and  arms  of  Glanville.     By  him  she  left  one  daughter  at  her  death  in  1719. 

On  the  north  side  of  the  chancel  is  another  mural  tablet,  Avith  a  pediment,  in  party- 
coloured  marbles,  the  arms  and  crest  emblazoned,  to  the  memory  of  George  Eaymond 
Evelyn,  Esq.,  who  died  in  1770.  He  was  the  youngest  son  of  the  above  William  Evelyn- 
Glanville,  Esq.,  and  married  the  Lady  Jane  Elizabeth  Leslie,*  eldest  daughter  of  John, 
eighth  Earl  of  Eothes,  by  his  first  wife,  Hannah,  youngest  daughter  and  cohcii-ess  of 
Matthew  Howard,  Esq.,  of  Thorpe,  in  the  county  of  Norfolk. 

The  first  chapel  on  the  north  side  westward  from  the  chancel  contains  the  chief 
memorials  of  the  Evelyns.  Here  is  a  superb  black-and-white  marble  altar  tomb,  on  which 
are  finely  executed  figures  of  Sir  John  Evelyn  and  his  lady  at  full  length — he  in  armour, 
she   in  a  loose  gown.     Against  their  feet  are  the  crests  of  their  respective  families — 

*  This  lady  afterwards  married  Sir  Lucas  Pepys,  Bart.  ;  and  on  tlio  deatli  of  lier  brotlier  Jolin,  nintli  Earl  of  Eotlies, 
■without  issue,  slie  became  Countess  of  Rothes.  By  Sir  Lucas  Pepys  she  had  two  sons,  viz.  the  late  Hon.  Sir  Charles 
Leslie,  Bart.,  of  Juniper  Hill,  in  this  county,  and  the  Hon.  and  Kev.  Sir  Henry  Leslie,  Bart.,  of  tlie  same  phice.  She 
had  also  by  Sir  Lucas  one  daughter,  Harriet  (wife  of  the  late  Earl  of  Devon),  who  died  in  1839. 


350  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

his  a  griffin,  liors  a  bird  -svitli  its  wings  displayed.     On  tlic  south  side  of  the  momiment 
is  this  inscription : — 

Hereunder  resteth  y°  Bodyes  of  S'  John  Evelyn,  Knt.  (second  son  of  John  Evelyn  of  Godstone,  Esq. 
one  of  7=  six  Clerkes  of  y=  Chancery)  and  Dame  Thomasin  his  wife,  one  of  y=  daughters  and  co-heirs  of  WiUiani 
Hayncs,  of  Chesington  in  y^  county  of  Surrey,  Esq.,  whom  he  espoused  y  24th  of  November,  1G18;  by  whom 
he  had  issue,  foure  sons  and  three  daughters:  George,  his  eldest  son,  borne  26th  of  March,  1629,  and  died  29th 
May  insuing;  Jane,  his  eldest  daughter,  borne  3rd  of  June,  1631,  married  Sir  AVilliam  Leech,  of  Westram,  in 
Kent,  Knt. ;  John,  Ms  second  son,  borne  12th  March,  1633,  married  Mary  Farmer,  daughter  of  George  Farmer, 
Esq. ;  Thomasin,  his  second  daughter,  borne  ye  19th  Feb.  1635,  died  1  Aprill,  1643 ;  Richard,  his  third  son, 
borne  20th  Aprill,  1637,  died  28  October  following ;  Elizabeth,  his  thii-d  daughter,  borne  23  June,  1638  ;  married 
Edward  Hales,  of  Boughton  Malherb,  in  Kent,  Esq.  ;  George  Evelyn,  his  fourth  son,  borne  4th  Dec.  1641. 

At  the  east  end  of  the  monument  is  a  large  sculpture  of  the  armorial  bearings  of  the 
Evelyn  and  Haynes  families: — First  and  fom-th,  a  griffin,  pass,  and  a  chief;  second  and 
third,  two  bars  between  six  martlets ;  impaling  a  fess  wavy  between  three  annulets. 

In  this  chapel  are  two  handsome  mural  tablets  of  white  marble  for  other  members 
of  the  family.  One  of  them  is  sui'mounted  by  an  urn,  with  a  wreath  of  flowers  hanging 
over  it  transversely,  and  a  small  whole-length  female  figure  leaning  upon  the  ui'n  in  an 
attitude  of  erief,  with  these  words  below  : — ■ 


Multis  ille  bonis  flebilis  occidit. 
Nulli  flebilior  quJlm  mihi. 


Also  the  following  inscription 


In  hoc  sacello  reconduutur  reliquiaj  Jacobi  Eveltn,  armigeri,  nuper  de  Felbridge  in  hac  Provincia  el 
Parochia,  LL.D.  Edimrdi  et  Julia;  filii  unici,  ex  antiqua  prosapia  clari,  Virtute  sua  clarioris  :  Quippe  w 
fuit  animo  acer  et  indefessus,  ingenio  perspicax,  eo  candore  ut  omnes  laudaret,  eo  pudore  ut  laudari  erubesceret. 
Per  longum  ^•it£B  studium  leges  adniinistravit  et  studiose  scn'avit ;  adeo  ut  propter  amorem  erga  patriam,  fideli- 
tatem  erga  regem,  benevolent  iam  erga  pauperes,  pietatem  erga  Deum  et  Parentes,  nunquam  non  laudandus  est. 
E.  vivis  excessit  11""°  die  Julii  anno  Domini  1793,  et  fetatis  sua;  75.  Geo.  Aug.  Gul.  Shuckburgh  Evelyn,  Bar'% 
qui  unam  e  duabus  filiam  et  tandem  heredem,  uxorem  duxit,  hoc  quale  quale  est  grati  animi  testimonium  dicari 
voluit. 

The  other  tablet  referred  to  is  inscribed  to  the  memory  of  Edward  Evelyn,  third  son 
of  George  Evelyn,  Esq.,  of  Nutfield,  who  died  in  1751.  Eormerly  there  were  some 
inscribed  plates  in  the  floor,  but  they  have  been  removed  into  the  chancel.  One  of 
them,  recording  the  death  of  Kichard  Evelyn,  infant  son  of  John  Evelyn,  of  Godstone,  is 
thus  inscribed  : — 

Why  should  Death's  voyage  longe  or  hard  appeare, 
When,  as  this  infent  went  it  in  one  yeare  ? 

The  Boone  Chapel  adjoins  that  of  the  Evelyns,  farther  to  the  west.  Over  the  door 
is  a  white  marble  urn,  with  a  wreath  of  flowers,  on  a  white  tablet,  bearing  the  subjoined 
inscription : — 


GODSTONE.  35, 

In  the  vault,  near  tliis  spot,  lie  the  remains  of  Sarah,  the  wife  of  John  Siuith,  and  daughter  of  Tliomaa 
Boone,  Esq.  She  died  in  1794,  in  the  lOtli  month  of  lier  marriage,  and  in  the  full  bloom  of  artless  youth,  leaving 
one  infant  daughter,  who  survived  her  three  months  and  sixteen  days  only,  and  whose  coffin  lies  deposited  on 
that  of  her  mother.  Few  young  women  were  ever  more  sincerely  or  more  deservedly  lamented  ;  few  have  left 
this  world  with  a  fairer  prospect  of  future  happiness. 

In  tlie  chapel  is  a  wliite  marble  tablet  to  the  memory  (but  without  dates)  of  Charles 
Boone,  Esq.,  of  Eooksnest,  and  Mary  his  -wife,  widow  of  George  Evelyn,  Esq. ;  of 
Daniel  Boone,  Esq.,  and  Anne  his  wife,  daughter  of  the  said  George  Evelyn  ;  and  of 
Frances  and  Anne  Elizabeth  Boone,  daughters  of  the  said  Daniel  and  Anne. 

Arms : — A::,  a  bend,  or,  cotised  of  the  same,  charged  with  three  escallop-shells,  gu.  betw.  sLv  lions,  ramp.  or. 
Motto : — "  Neo  dejecta,  nee  alata." 

On  another  marble  tablet,  surmounted  by  similar  armorial  bearings,  is  an  inscription 
to  the  memory  of  Lieut.-Col.  Thomas  Boone,  of  the  First  Eegiment  of  Foot  Guards,  only 
son  of  Thomas  Boone,  Esq.,  and  Sarah  his  wife,  who  died  in  1798. 

Against  the  north  wall  of  the  church  is  a  tablet  to  the  Eev.  Thomas  Pakenham,  Vicar 
of  Godstone,  who  died  in  1675.  Opposite,  on  the  south  wall,  is  a  tablet  to  the  memory 
of  the  Eev.  Eowland  Bowcu,  also  Yicar  of  Godstone,  who  died  in  1762,  and  of  Christiana 
his  wife.  Adjoining  the  tablet  for  Mr.  Bowen  is  a  brass  plate  in  a  frame,  inscribed  to 
the  memory  of  the  Eev.  Charles  Edward  De  Coetlogon,  who  died  in  1820,  and  of  his 
sou,  Charles  Frederick,  who  died  in  1836. 

Some  inscribed  plates  of  the  Ilolman  and  Bay  families,  mentioned  by  Aubrey,  have 
either  been  lost  or  placed  out  of  sight.  Of  Suzan  Ilolman,  one  of  the  daughters  of 
William  Bay,  of  London,  grocer,  and  wife  of  George  Ilolman,  it  was  said  that  "  she 
was  in  her  life-time  loving  to  all,  and  pittifull  to  the  poore ;  wittness  the  weekly  pension 
shee  hath  given  for  ever  to  the  poore  of  this  parish."  The  amount  of  the  pension  is  not 
mentioned ;  but,  according  to  a  note  in  Manning  and  Bray's  "  Surrey  "  (vol.  ii.  p.  336), 
"  the  parish  laid  out  the  money  thus  given  in  purchase  of  laud  on  which  they  built  the 
poor-house,  so  that  the  poor  have  no  benefit  from  it." 

The  vicarage-house  was  rebuilt,  in  a  pleasant,  well-protected  situation,  by  the  Eev. 
Charles  Edward  De  Coetlogon. 

The  beneflxctions  to  the  parish  of  Godstone  have  been  neither  many  nor  great.  They  arc 
as  follows : — 

1626.  Henry  Smith,  Esc[.,  by  deed  of  gift,  a  portion  of  the  rents  and  proceeds  of  certain  estates  in  Sussex,  to  be 
armnally  expended  in  linen  and  woollen  for  the  poor.  [The  yearly  income  is  uncertain  :  in  Manning  and  I!raj''8 
"  Surrey  "  it  is  stated  at  £5  12s.  6d.;  in  1840  it  was  £20  6s.] 

Sir  William  Gardiner,  Bart.,  from  the  rectorial  tithes  at  Ewell,  £3  annually,  for  six  poor  widows  of  Godstone. 


352 


HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 


Sir  John  Evelyn,  Knt.,  to  keep  liia  vault  in  repair,  and  tlie  rest  to  be  distriljuteil  amongst  twelve  poor  persons  of  the 
parish,  £6  annually. 

Mr.  Thomas  Davy,  20s.  in  money,  annually,  to  the  poor. 

1709.  Mr.  David  Maynard,  of  Tandridge,  by  will,  £200  in  trust,  to  be  invested  in  an  estate,  the  profits  of  which 
to  be  expended  in  the  education  of  so  many  poor  children  in  the  south  part  of  Godstone  and  Taudi-idge  as  the  trustees 
may  think  proper.  [Certain  lands,  called  Platts  and  "Whitefields,  in  the  parish  of  Caterham,  were  purchased,  and  the 
produce  has  bean  thus  applied.] 

To  be  given  in  money,  the  produce  of  lands,  15s.  a  year. 

1825.  John  Cole,  of  Godstone,  £100  in  trust  to  the  minister  and  churchwardens  of  Godstone  for  the  time  being, 
to  be  laid  out  in  real  securities  at  interest,  and  the  said  interest  to  be  paid  to  and  divided  amongst  four  poor  widows  and 
foui  poor  widowers,  on  Christmas  Day  in  every  year,  immediately  after  Divine  service. 

1874.  St.  Mary's  Almshouses,  for  eight  aged  persons,  with,  a  chapel  attached,  were  founded  by  the  late  Mrs.  Hunt, 
of  Wonham,  in  memory  of  her  daughter. 

The  most  distingiiislied  benefactor  of  Godstone  was  Mr.  James  Evelyn,  wlio,  as 
mentioned  before,  built  and  endowed  a  new  cliapel  at  Felbridge;  also  a  school  for  the 
benefit  of  the  southern  part  of  the  parish,  some  of  the  inhabitants  of  which  are  seven  miles 
or  upwards  from  the  church.  Mr.  Evelyn's  school,  built  in  1783,  was  foimded  and 
endowed  for  the  instruction  of  twelve  poor  children  of  Godstone,  Hornc,  East  Grinstead, 
and  Worth,  in  reading,  writing,  arithmetic,  &c. 

New  schools  were  built  iu  this  parish  in  1854,  at  a  cost  of  £1,450. 

Blindley  Heath  Chuech. — At  Blindley  Heath,  between  three  and  four  miles  south  of 
Godstone  on  the  Lewes  road,  and  adjoining  the  parish  of  Home,  a  new  church  was 
erected  in  1842.  The  edifice,  dedicated  to  St.  John  the  Evangelist,  is  in  the  early  English 
style  of  architecture.  This  church  is  subordinate  to  the  mother  church  of  Godstone. 
It  was  built  by  subscrii^tion,  at  a  cost  of  about  £1,800,  with  the  aid  of  a  grant  from 
the  Society  for  Building  and  Enlarging  Churches  and  Chapels. 

Schools  were  built  in  1849,  at  a  cost  of  £500. 


This  parish  is  situated  on  the  border  of  the  county  where  it  adjoins  Sussex.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Bletchingley,  on  the  east  by  Godstone,  on  the  south  by  East 
Grinstead  and  by  Worth  in  Sussex,  and  on  the  west  by  Burstow.  There  is  also  a 
detached  portion  of  the  parish  called  Harwardesley,  westward  of  Burstow,  lying  between 
that  parish  and  Horley,  and  adjoining  Thunderfield  Common,  which  extends  into  both 
those  parishes.  Here  is  a  tract  of  land  encompassed  by  ditches,  called  Thunderfield  Castle, 
or  Home  Castle,  supposed  by  Mr.  Manning  to  have  been  the  site  of  a  house  once  occupied, 
according  to  tradition,  by  King  Athelstan. 

The  soil  in  general  is  a  stiff'  clay,  approaching  in  some  places  to  the  character  of  fuller's 


HORNE.  353 

earth,  which  is  found  in  abundance  in  the  neighbouring  parish  of  Nut  field.  The  land 
towards  the  south,  bordering  on  Copthorne  Heath,  is  poor  and  gravelly.  Formerly  there 
were  many  places  here,  the  surface  of  which  was  not  sufficiently  firm  to  support  the  M'eight 
of  a  horse.  By  superior  di-ainage,  however,  this  evil  has  been  in  a  great  measiu-c  remedied. 
Few  sheep  are  kept,  but  many  beasts  are  fattened,  besides  those  which  arc  bred  and  reared 
in  the  parish.  According  to  the  latest  survey,  Hornc  includes  4,548  acres  of  land  and 
4G  acres  of  water. 

A  person  of  the  name  of  Kidley,  who  died  in  1774  at  the  age  of  eighty-two,  remem- 
bered the  time  when  there  was  no  poor  rate  in  the  parish.  "  The  first  rate  made  was  at  4d. 
in  the  pound;  at  the  end  of  the  year  the  overseers  had  <£10  in  hand.  On  the  small-pox 
coming  into  the  parish  it  was  raised  to  6d.,  which  created  much  murmuring.  In  1794  it 
had  been  for  some  years  from  5s.  to  6s.,  and  even  more,  in  the  pound." 

At  the  "  Sheriff's  Tourn  "  a  constable  used  to  be  appointed  for  this  parish ;  a  head- 
borough  for  the  (jlldables,  a  division  not  now  recognised ;  and  a  hcadborough  for  the  upper 
borough.*     But  these  arrangements  belong  to  the  past. 

Home  is  not  mentioned  in  the  Doomsday  Book  as  being  included  in  the  manor  of 
Bletehingley.  There  was,  in  the  reign  of  Edward  III.,  a  manor  called  Home,  which 
belonged  to  Sir  John  de  Home,  Knt.,  whose  son  John  in  1347  levied  a  fine  of  this  manor 
to  "William  de  Eoderham,  and  thi-ee  years  afterwards  this  grant  was  confirmed  by  Henry 
de  Home,  his  son  and  heii-.  Eoderham  left  two  daughters  his  coheiresses,  by  whom,  or 
their  representatives,  this  estate  was  transferred  to  John  Gaynsford  in  or  about  1418. 
"  We  find  no  further  mention  of  this  estate,  which  is  probably  that  belonging  to  Jesus 
College,  Cambridge,  and  now  called  Home  Court."  f 

In  20  Edward  III.  the  Countess  of  Pembroke  obtained  letters-patent  authorising  the 
foundation  and  endowment  of  a  convent  of  the  Carthusian  order  at  Home,  but  it  does  not 
appear  to  have  been  built.J 

The  Manor  of  Btsshe  Court. — Bartholomew  de  Burghersh  in  1350  died  seized  of 
tenements  called  La  Bysh,  in  Home  and  Hurle,  consisting  of  a  capital  messuage  and 
200  acres  of  land,  held  of  the  heii-  of  Hugh  le  Despenser,  then  a  ward  of  the  Crown,  by 
the  service  of  a  quarter  of  a  knight's  fee.  He  served  in  the  war  in  Scotland  under 
Edward  II.,  and  having  joined  the  Earl  of  Lancaster  in  the  insurrection  against  that  king, 
he  was  taken  prisoner  at  Boroughbridge  in  1321,  and  committed  to  the  Tower.  Eeleased 
by  the  Queen  when  she  came  from  France  in  1326,  he  was  afterwards  employed  both  in 

*  Maiming  and  Bray,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  317.  +  Ihul  p.  318. 

t  Vide  Calend.  Rot.  Pat.  p.  153;  20  Edw.  III.  p.  2,  m.  18. 


354 


HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 


a  civil  and  military  capacity  by  Edward  III.  His  son  and  heir,  the  next  Baron  de 
Burghersh,  distinguishing  himself  in  the  French  wars  under  King  Edward,  was  made  one 
of  the  first  Knights  of  the  Garter.  He  left  a  daughter  his  sole  heiress,  who  married  Edward 
le  Despenser.  This  manor  had  probably  been  alienated  before  his  death,  and  in  5 
Kichard  II.  it  belonged  to  Sir  Thomas  Byshe,  of  Burstow.* 

In  the  reigns  of  Elizabeth  and  James  I.  Bysshe  Court  was  the  property  of  the  Cole- 
peppers,  who  appear  to  have  had  considerable  estates  in  Sussex.  Edward  Bysshe,  Esq.,  of 
Smallfield  Place,  in  Burstow,  owned  this  estate  in  1658,  and  it  was  sold  about  1675  by  his 
son.  Sir  Edward  Bysshe,  to  Thomas  Turgis,  Esq.  Successively  owned  by  the  families  of 
Newland  and  Bulkeley,  in  1788  it  was  sold  by  the  trustees  under  the  will  of  the  latter 
to  John  Ewart,  Esq.,  who  took  down  the  old  mansion  of  Bysshe  Coui-t,  and  erected  another 
near  the  site.  This  estate  belonged  in  1808  to  his  grandson,  John  Manship  Ewart,  Esq.f 
Subsequently  it  was  purchased  of  the  Ewarts,  under  the  authority  of  the  Court  of 
Chancery,  for  Willett  Willett,  Esq.  The  mansion,  a  substantial  brick  buUding,  is  situated 
about  twenty  yards  from  the  moat  surrounding  the  former  residence,  and  which  now 
encloses  a  small  garden.     It  has  been  some  time  used  as  a  farmhouse. 

HoENE  Park,  consisting  of  200  acres,  was  held  in  the  reign  of  Edward  III.,  under  Hugh 
de  Audley  (who  had  married  a  coheii-ess  of  the  Clares,  Earls  of  Gloucester),  by  John  de 
Wysham,  by  the  service  of  one-thirtieth  part  of  a  knight's  fee.  He  died  seized  of  the 
estate  in  1334,  leaving  a  son  and  heii-  of  the  same  name.  It  is  probable  that  this  estate  is 
now  included  in  that  of  Bysshe  Court,  as  there  are  belonguig  to  it  two  farms,  called  East 
Park  and  West  Park. 

Harwaedeslet,  supposed  to  have  belonged  to  Kiag  Harold,  and  to  have  been  knoAvn  as 
Harold's  Legh,  is  a  tract  of  land  of  about  500  acres,  separated,  as  mentioned  above,  from  the 
rest  of  the  parish,  and  surrounded  by  the  parishes  of  Burstow  and  Horley.  Within  this 
tract  is  the  spot  named  Thunderfield  Castle,  the  traditional  site  of  a  fortified  structiu-e.  It 
is  added  that  a  battle  was  fought  here,  when  the  castle  was  razed  to  the  ground,  and  the 
inmates  killed.  Corroborative  of  this  tradition,  it  appears  that  a  Mr.  Smith,  who  held  the 
farm  about  fifty  years  ago,  ia  making  some  clearance,  discovered  a  considerable  quantity  of 
human  bones :  in  repaiiing  the  moat  at  the  same  time,  some  large  pieces  of  timber  were 
found,  nearly  black  and  partially  charred. 

Harwardesley  is  now  a  member  of  the  manor  of  Bletchingley,  where  a  constable,  or 
headborough,  is  chosen  for  this  district. 

*  See  the  account  of  Biirstow.  f'  Manning  and  Bray,  vol.  ii.  p.  319. 


HORNE.  355 

The  manor  of  Eight,  now  uuknowu,  was  in  the  reign  of  Ilemy  VII.  hckl  of  the  Prior 
of  Tandridge  by  a  family  of  the  name  of  Covert. 

Home  Church,  dedicated  to  St.  Mary,  was  a  chapel-of-ease  to  Blctchinglcy  until  1705, 
when  it  was  made  a  separate  rectory.*     The  present  patron  is  the  rector. 

Rectors  of  Ilorne  in  and  since  ISOO  : — 

1. — JoJin  Grindai/,  LL.D.     Instituted  in  1797. 

2.—IIc>ir// Poz/ndcr, 'K.A.     Instituted  in  IS  19. 

3.  —  WilUam  Poyndcr^  M.A.    Instituted  in  1859. 

4. —  WllUam  Whcdcr  Thornton^  M.A.     Instituted  in  18G7. 

5. — Charles  Hans  Hamilton,  B.A.     Instituted  in  1877. 

The  cliiu-ch  is  old,  and  from  the  thickness  of  its  walls,  which  are  rough-cast,  it 
impresses  the  observer  with  an  idea  of  its  being  larger  than  it  is  found  on  entrance.  It 
consists  of  nave  and  chancel,  separated  by  an  open  wooden  screen  painted  white.  The  nave 
is  tiled,  but  the  chancel  is  roofed  with  Horsham  slate.  Externally  the  west  end  of  the 
church  is  chiefly  of  wood.  It  has  a  low  wooden  tower,  surmounted  by  a  clumsy 
shingled  spire.  In  the  belfry  are  three  bells :  formerly  there  were  five,  but  two  were 
removed  to  Blctchinglcy.  Beneath  the  belfry,  in  the  south-west  angle  of  the  tower,  is  a 
sort  of  closet  used  as  a  vestry.  The  chm-ch  contains  altogether  about  300  sittings.  The 
ancient  octagonal  stone  font  is  ornamented  with  quatrefoils,  &c.,  within  square  panels,  in 
two  of  which  are  rude  figures  of  angels,  and,  in  the  other  six,  various  devices  of  flowers,  &c. 

The  monument  against  the  north  wall  of  the  chancel,  described  by  Aubrey,  and  by 
Manning  and  Bray,  as  of  black  marble,  guarded  by  ii'on  rails,  with  the  figui-es  of  a  man  and 
woman  kneeling,  a  table  between  them,  has  not  a  particle  of  marble  or  of  any  other  stone 
in  its  construction.  The  framework  is  of  Avood,  carved,  and  painted  in  colours ;  the  pro- 
tecting rails  are  also  of  wood ;  and  the  figures,  &c.,  with  the  basement  moulding  of  the 
monument,  are  of  composition  or  cement,  coloured.  However,  the  monument,  which 
is  considerably  more  than  two  hundred  years  old,  might  easily  deceive  the  eye  of  an 
unpractised  observer.      Beneath  the  figiu'cs  is  a  shield,  arc/,  a  chev.  betw.  three   martlets, 

*  "  The  Commissioners  appointed  in  2  Edward  VI.  to  take  an  acconnt  of  cliantries,  &c.,  in  Surrey,  returned  that  in 
Blechingley  there  was  one  stipendiary  priest  found  and  maintained  by  the  parson  of  Blechingley,  to  minister  within  the 
Cliapel  of  Home,  being  distant  two  miles  from  the  Parish  Church  ;  which  was  built  long  time  past  for  the  ease  of  the 
parishioners,  for  that  there  be  within  the  same  Parish  360  housling  people,  and  no  more  priests  tliere  but  the  Parson. 

That was  then  incumbent  of  the  said  Chapel,  and  had  towards  his  finding  [maintenance]  at  the  will  and 

pleasure  of  the  same  Parson,  in  one  yearly  stipend,  £6  ISs.  4d.  Mr.  Stilemau,  who  was  presented  in  1728,  bought  a 
house  adjoining  to  the  Churchyard,  resided,  and  did  the  duty.  If  his  successor  did  not  follow  so  good  an  example,  it  will 
not  be  -n-ondered  at,  when  it  is  mentioned  that  he  was  the  notorious  John  Kidgell." — Manking  and  Bray,  Surrey, 
vol.  ii.  p.  ,320. 

zz2 


356  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

sal.  (for  Ward).    Over  tliem  is  a  shield,  gu.  two  bars  or,  betw.  six  lozenges  arc/,  tkree,  two, 
and  one  (for  Goodivine).     The  inscription  follows  : — 

Here  lyetli  the  body  of  John  Goodwine,  Esq.  wlio  departed  tUa  life  the  30  Day  of  December,  1618,  being 
of  the  age  of  3  score  and  eleven  years  and  3  quarters  ;  who  married  Margaret  Ward,  the  daughter  of  Ninian 
Ward  of  Cuckfield,  in  the  County  of  Sussex,  Esquire  ;  who  dyed  at  East  Grinstead  the  31  day  of  January,  1611, 
being  of  the  age  of  3  score  and  ten  years  ;  and  had  issue  2  children,  Edward  and  Elizabeth. 

A  tablet  against  the  north  wall  records  the  memory  of  Thomas  "Wallop,  Esq.,  third  son 
of  Kichard  Wallop  of  Bugbrooke,  Northamptonshire,  and  Mary  his  wife,  one  of  the 
daughters  and  coheiresses  of  Thomas  Spencer,  of  Everton,  co.  Northampton,  who  died  in 
1629.  Over  the  inscription  are  shields  of  arms  with  qnarterings ;  under  it  lies  a  small 
skeleton,  with  a  dart  in  the  left  hand.  Also  against  this  wall  are  several  tablets  for 
different  members  of  the  Searle  family,  settled  at  Home  for  nearly  a  centmy. 

On  a  black  stone,  partly  within  the  rails  of  the  communion-table,  appears  the  following 
inscription: — 

Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Tihotht  Stileman,  B.D.,  and  Anne  his  wife,  rector  of  this  Parish  34  years,  and 
20  years  ia  the  Commission  of  the  Peace.  He  died  Feb.  the  14th,  1762,  aged  82  years.  She  died  April  9th,  1738, 
aged  58.  On  their  right  lyeth  their  son  John,  who  died  Mar.  21, 1730,  aged  8.  On  their  left  lyeth  their  maiden 
sister,  Rebecca  StUeman,  who  died  Nov.  21,  aged  52. 

In  this  church  are  various  memorials  of  the  Hope  family,  of  Home  Court,  in  which  a 
play  upon  the  name,  in  Latin  as  well  as  in  English,  is  not  forgotten.  On  a  tablet  against 
the  north  wall : — 

Kear  unto  this  place  lieth  interred  the  body  of  Ralph  Hope,  of  Home  Coiu't,  Gent,  who  departed  this  life 
the  13th  of  July,  anno  Dom.  1681,  sttatis  suss  24. 

Optimus  heu  periit !  cum  nomine ;  nominis  hreres. 

Sanguine  prteclarus,  clarus  ab  ingenio. 
Artibus  ingenuis,  et  mentis  dotibus  auctus, 

Charus  erat  cunctis,  charior  Ule  Deo. 

And  at  the  bottom  of  a  brief  inscription  on  a  stone  over  his  grave,  in  the  body  of  the 
church,  are  the  words,  "  I  eest  ik  Hope." 

On  another  stone,  over  the  resting-place  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Hope,  who  died  in  1690,  and 
of  her  husband,  Ealph  Hope,  who  died  in  1693  : — 

In  faith  and  love  these  two  lived  aU  their  days. 
And  live  in  Hope  to  live  and  love  always. 
In  spe  requiescimus. 

In  the  chm-chyard  are  several  yew-trees.  The  Eegisters  of  Home  commence  in  1611 
for  baptisms  and  burials,  and  in  1643  for  marriages  :  the  early  books  are  defective. 


LIMPSFIELD. 


337 


Bcnefactious  :— 


Henry  Smith,  Esq.,  by  ileeJs  of  settlement  in  1C25  nnd  1G41,  tlie  profits  arising  from  certain  lands  in  Sussex,  to  lie 
distributed  annually  amongst  tlie  poor  not  receiving  constant  parochial  relief.  This  cliarity  has  risen  in  amount,  value 
from  £8  to  £25  or  £26. 

An  annuity  of  20s.  (donor  unknomi),  diargeable  on  Packmir's  farm,  to  bo  distributed  amongst  poor  widows  not 
receiving  constant  parochial  relief. 

Here  is  a  Sunday  school  for  about  tliirty  or  forty  children  ;  it  was  originally  supported 
entirely  by  the  rector,  the  Eev.  lEeury  Poynder. 

Ttvo  boys  and  one  girl,  children  of  inhabitants  of  Home,  have  the  benefit  of  the  school 
at  Felbridge,  founded  by  the  late  James  Evelyn,  Esq.*     A  school  was  built  here  in  1854. 


LIMPSFIELD. 

This  parish  is  situated  on  the  eastern  confines  of  the  county,  adjoining  the  parish  of 
Wcstcrham  in  Kent,  and  bounded  on  the  south  by  Edenbridge  and  Crowhurst,  on  the 
west  by  Oxted,  and  on  the  north  by  Titsey  and  Tatsfield.  It  is  about  eight  miles  in 
length,  by  two  and  a  half  ia  breadth.  The  soil  in  the  northern  part  consists  of  sand  and 
gravel,  and  ia  the  southern  part  of  clay. 

At  the  "  Sheriff's  Toiu-n"  for  the  hundi-ed  of  Tancbidge  it  was  customary  to  choose  a 
constable  for  the  parish  of  Limpsficld,  and  another  for  Langhurst. 

The  manor  is  thus  described  in  the  Doomsday  Book  : — "  In  Teni-ige  Ilundi'ed,  the 
Abbot  of  BataUge  holds  Limenesfeld.  Herald  held  it  in  the  time  of  King  Edward  ;  and  it 
was  then  assessed  at  25  hides,  but  since  the  Abbot  obtained  it,  no  assessment  has  been 
made.  The  arable  land  amoimts  to  12  carucates.  There  are  5  carucates  in  the  demesne ; 
and  twenty-five  villains,  and  six  bordars,  with  14  carucates.  There  is  one  mill,  at  2s. ; 
and  a  Fishery ;  and  a  Church ;  and  4  acres  of  meadow.  The  wood  yields  one  hundred 
and  fifty  swine  for  pannage.  There  are  two  stone  quarries,  at  2s. ;  three  nests  (or  eyries) 
of  Hawks,  in  the  wood ;  and  ten  bondmen.  In  the  time  of  King  Edward  it  was  valued 
at  £20  ;  afterwards  at  £15 ;  now  at  £24.  To  this  manor  belonged  Bramselle,  in  the  time 
of  King  Edward,  as  the  Hundred  Jury  testify." 

This  manor  formed  part  of  the  original  endowment  of  Battle  Abbey,  fuuuded  by 
William  I.  as  a  thank-offering  for  his  victory  over  Harold  at  Hastings.  In  the  reign  of 
Heni-y  IV.  it  was  taxed  at  £33  lis.  7|,d.  The  manor  reverting  to  the  Crown  after  the 
suppression  of  monastic  establishments,  Henry  VIII.,  in  1539,  in  consideration  of  tlie  sum 
of  £1,007  13s.  4d.,  granted  to  Sir  John  Gresham,  his  wife,  and  his  heirs,  the  manors  of 

*  See  anU,  p.  352. 


358 


HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 


Limpsfield  and  Brodliam  in  Oxted,  with  court-leet,  frce-warren,  &c.,  and  a  pension  of  2s.  a 
year  paid  by  tlie  Kector  of  Lymnesfield.  The  grantee  died  in  1556,  haYuig  bequeathed 
this  manor,  with  those  of  Titsey  and  Brodham,  to  his  eldest  son  William,  on  whose  death 
in  1579  Limpsfield  was  held  in  dower  by  his  widow,  Beatrice,  daughter  of  Thomas 
Guybonn,  of  Lynn.  This  estate  descended  to  Sir  Marmaduke  Gresham,  Bart.,  who  died 
seized  of  it  in  1742,  and  by  his  will,  dated  1741,  he  devised  all  his  estates  in  Surrey  and 
Kent,  certain  advowsons  excepted,  to  trustees  for  sale ;  and  they  sold  the  whole  of  the 
property,  except  the  manor  of  Titsey,  and  some  farms  in  that  parish,  and  the  advowsons  of 
Titsey  and  Limpsfield.  Bourchier  Cleeve,  Esq.,  became  the  purchaser  of  the  manorial 
estate  of  Limpsfield  in  1750,  after  whose  death  in  1760  it  repeatedly  changed  owners 
until  1779,  when  it  was  bought  by  Sir  John  Gresham,  son  of  Sir  Marmaduke,  who  thus 
recovered  his  ancestral  property.  In  1804  it  went  in  marriage  with  Sir  John  Gresham's 
daughter  and  sole  heiress,  Katherine  Maria,  to  William  Leveson-Gower,  Esq.,*  thii-d  son  of 
the  Hon.  John  Leveson-Gower,  an  admiral  in  the  royal  navy.  It  is  now  the  property  of 
Granville  Leveson-Gower,  Esq.,  of  Titsey  Place,  grandson  of  the  gentleman  above  named, 
who  succeeded  to  the  estate  on  the  death  of  his  father  in  1860. 

HooKWOOD. — This  was  an  old  house  which  belonged  to  the  Gresham  family,  one  of 
whom,  Edward  Gresham,  sold  it  in  1743  to  John  Godfrey,  Esq.,  who  gave  it  by  wiU  to 
Marmaduke  Hylton ;  and  he  bequeathed  it,  with  his  estates,  in  reversion,  after  the  deaths 
of  his  three  maiden  sisters,  to  Yincent  Biscoe,  Esq.  The  house  was  rebuilt  by  Yincent 
Hylton  Biscoe,  Esq.,  son  of  the  preceding,  from  whom  the  property  was  purchased  in 
1840  by  William  Leveson-Gower,  Esq.,  and  is  now  owned  by  his  grandson.  The  house  is 
pleasantly  situated  in  a  small  park  near  the  church. 

The  family  of  Heath,  from  which  is  believed  to  have  descended  Eoger  Heath,  of 
Shalford,  in  this  county,  father  of  Sir  Kichard  Heath,  of  East  Clandon,  appears  to  have  been 
settled  in  Limpsfield  and  its  neighbom-hood  in  early  times.f 

Tenchlets,  an  old  moated  house,  now  considerably  reduced  in  size,  and  occupied  as  a 

*  William  Leveson-Gower,  Esq.,  was  a  member  of  llie  noble  family  of  Gower,  being  gi-andson  of  John,  first  Earl 
Gower,  wbo  by  Ms  third  wife,  Mary,  widow  of  Anthony,  Earl  of  Harold,  and  daughter  and  coheiress  of  Thomas,  Earl  of 
Thanet,  had  a  son,  the  Hon.  John  Leveson-Gower,  the  admiral  above  mentioned.  Admiral  Leveson-Gower  man-ied,  in 
1V73,  Frances,  the  daughter  of  Admiral  the  Hon.  Edward  Boscawen. 

t  "  Robert,  grandson  of  John  Heath,  was  Solicitor  General  to  King  James  I.,  Attorney  General  in  1  Charles  I.,  and 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas  in  7  Charles  I.,  but  was  removed  four  years  after.     He  was  made  a  Judge  in  the 

Court  of  King's  Bench  in  1640,  and  Chief  Justice  there  in  1643,    He  married  a  daughter  of SeyUard,  of  Brasted 

Com-t,  in  Kent," — (Manning  and  Brat,  Surrey,  vol.  ii.  p.  395.)  According  to  Clarendon,  Sir  Eobert  Heath  was  made 
Lord  Chief  Justice  of  the  Court  of  King's  Bench  for  the  purpose  of  attainting  the  Earl  of  Essex,  and  many  others  then  in 
arms  against  the  King.  It  is  certain  he  was  obnoxious  to  the  Parliament,  and  that  he  fled  into  France.  He  died  at  Caen 
in  1649.     He  was  the  author  of  "  Maxims  and  Rules  of  Pleading,"  published  in  1694. 


V 


LIMPSFIELD.  359 

farm,  was  formerly  the  habitation  of  the  llolmcdeu  family,  one  of  whom,  Sir  Thomas,  was 
knighted  in  1G22.  It  was  subsequently  occupied  by  a  Mr.  Eauleigh,  and  afterwards 
became  the  property  of  "William  Hensmau  Toulon,  Esq.,  whose  residence,  called  Tenchleys 
Park,  is  on  the  high  ground  above  it. 

Stockendex,  or  Storkenden,  an  old  house  with  good  chimneys,  at  one  time  much 
larger  than  at  present,  and  now  a  farm  of  about  98  acres,  was  once  the  residence  of  the 
family  of  De  Stawynden,  who  took  their  name  from  the  place,  and  passed  afterwards  to 
the  Holmedens.  It  Avas  pm-chased  by  Henry  Smith,  Esq.,  and  given  to  the  parish  of 
Croydon  in  1G22. 

Trevekeux. — At  the  foot  of  the  sand  hills,  on  the  south-eastern  extremity  of  the 
parish,  is  Trevereux,  an  ancient  and  respectable  house,  well  protected  by  the  hills  on 
aU  other  quarters,  and  only  open  to  the  south,  over  which  it  commands  extensive  views. 
This  property,  with  the  lands  attached,  belonged  to,  and  for  nearly  two  centuries  was  the 
residence  of,  the  family  of  Burges,  until  1817,  when  it  was  pm-chased  by  Mr.  Cox,  whose 
widow  now  owns  and  occupies  it. 

In  the  centre  of  the  village,  near  the  church,  is  a  house  called  the  Manor  House,  which 
once  belonged  to  the  ancestors  of  Mr.  Glover,  of  Eeigate,  and  afterwards  to  Samuel  Savage, 
Esq.  It  was  purchased  by  Mrs.  Eugenia  Stanhope,  widow  of  Philip  Stanhope,  Esq.,  the 
natural  son  of  the  Earl  of  Chesterfield,  whose  well-known  "Letters  to  his  Son"  were 
published  by  her.      It  is  now  the  property  of  Granville  Leveson-Gower,  Esq. 

Other  residences  in  this  village  are  the  Bo"\ver,  Pebble  Hill,  and  Detillens,  the 
latter  containing  some  fine  oak  panelling,  a  timber  roof  with  king-post,  and  some  chimney- 
pieces  of  chalk-stone,  temp.  Henry  YIII. 

New  Hall,  an  old  manor-house  of  the  Gresham  family,  built  by  William  Gresham 
about  1560,  stood  in  a  meadow  at  the  north-east  end  of  the  village.  It  was  standing  in 
1791,  but  was  pulled  down  shortly  after.  Eecent  excavations  have  been  made  on  the  site, 
and  some  curious  tiles  were  found  with  the  letters  W.  G.  and  the  grasshopper,  the  Gresham 
device.     Part  of  the  garden  wall  still  remains. 

The  benefice  of  Limpsfield  is  a  rectory,  in  the  archdeaconry  of  Southwark  and  diocese 
of  Eochester;  valued,  20  Edward  I.,  at  21  marks;  in  the  King's  books  at  £20  Os.  5d. ; 
paying  synodals  2s.  Id.,  and  procui'ations  Cs.  8d.  A  pension  of  2s.  used  to  be  paid  to 
the  Abbot  of  Battle.     The  present  patron  is  Granville  Leveson-Gower,  Esq. 

Rectors  of  Limpsfield  in  and  since  1800  : — 

1. — Lcr/Ji  HosJcins  3Iaster.     Instituted  in  1781. 
2.— Robert  3Iayne,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1806. 


36o  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

^.—Thomas  Waljwk,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1841. 

4. — James  Ilaldane  Stetvart,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1846. 

6. —  Charles  Baring,  M.A.,  afterwards  Bishop  of  Gloucester  and  Bristol,  and  Bishop 
of  Durham.    Instituted  in  1855. 

6. — Samuel  Charlestvorth,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1856. 

7. — Edward  Rhys  Jones,  M.A.  Instituted  in  1870. 
The  church,  dedicated  to  St.  Peter,  was  restored  in  1872,  at  a  cost  of  £1,500.  It 
is  mainly  early  English,  Avith  perpendicular  additions,  and  consists  of  tower  with  low 
shingled  spire,  nave  with  two  aisles,  and  two  chancels.  In  the  tower,  which  is  separated 
from  the  south  aisle  of  nave  by  a  pointed  arch,  is  a  piscina  in  the  south  wall,  and  in  the 
east  is  a  bracket,  supposed  for  an  image.  It  is  now  used  as  an  organ  chamber.  The 
organ,  by  Hill,  was  the  gift  of  Arthur  Leveson-Gower,  Esq.  (1872).  There  are  six  bells ; 
the  four  old  ones  were  recast  by  Warner  in  1877,  and  two  new  ones  added.  The  south 
aisle,  originally  a  lean-to,  is  separated  from  the  nave  by  three  early  English  arches  of 
excellent  design;  the  north  aisle  and  the  west  window  of  nave  are  modern  (1851)  and 
bad.  The  chancel  has  a  piscina  and  sedile,  with  two  windows  above,  opened  during  the 
restoration,  on  the  jambs  of  which  are  fragments  of  early  English  painting.  In  the  south 
wall,  near  the  ground,  is  a  low  side  window.  The  east  window  is  a  triple  lancet,  filled 
with  stained  glass  by  Clayton  and  Bell ;  in  the  wall  below,  behind  the  communion-table, 
is  an  aumbry,  and  to  the  right  a  square  opening,  possibly  a  reliquary.  An  early  English 
door,  immediately  against  the  east  wall,  communicated  formerly  with  the  north  chancel 
adjoining.  It  is  the  property  of  the  lord  of  the  manor,  and  was  restored  in  1871.  It 
contains  a  triple-lancet  window  with  stained  glass,  representing  the  Twelve  Apostles, 
erected  to  the  memory  of  William  Leveson-Gower ;  and  on  the  north  side  is  a  square- 
headed  perpendicular  window,  with  fragments  of  old  glass,  and  a  shield  with  the  arms  of 
Gresham.  On  the  wall  is  a  black  marble  slab  to  "  Dame  Martha  Gresham,  relict  of  Sir 
Edward  Gresham,  Bart.,  daughter  of  John  Mainard,  Knt.,  Serjeant-at-Law,  and  one  of  the 
Lords  Commissioners  of  the  Great  Seal  of  England,"  who  died  in  1711-12.  There  is  also 
a  small  brass  for  G.  Elyott,  Groom  of  the  Chamber  to  Queen  Henrietta  Maria  (died  1644). 
The  monuments  to  the  Biscoe  and  Strong  families  are  ranged  on  the  south  wall  of  the 
south  aisle,  at  the  west  end  of  which  is  an  altar  tomb  with  recumbent  efiigy  of  John, 
thirteenth  Lord  Elphinstone,  Governor  of  Madi-as  and  of  Bombay,  in  his  peer's  robes,  by 
Noble.  Against  the  outside  of  the  west  wall  of  nave  is  a  monument  to  his  uncle,  the 
Hon.  Mountstuart  Elphinstone,  also  Governor  of  Bombay,  who  occupied  Hookwood  fi-om 
1846  until  his  death  in  1859. 


LIMPSFIELD.  361 

The  plain,  square,  massive  stone  font  is  supported  by  a  stout  fluted  column  in  the 
centre,  and  a  small  pillar  at  each  corner.  The  pulpit  is  hexagonal,  and  of  oak,  and,  with 
the  communion  plate,  was  presented  to  the  church  by  Samuel  Savage,  Esq.,  in  17GG. 

Under  a  pew  in  the  chancel  there  was  found,  during  the  restoration,  a  bronze  tliuriblc, 
or  censer,  of  the  eleventh  century.  It  is  figured  in  the  Procccdmjs  of  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries,  vol.  v.  p.  285.  In  the  south-west  corner  of  the  church  is  an  old  white  marble 
tablet  representing  a  cm-tain  fringed  with  gold,  having  the  arms  emblazoned,  and 
recording  the  death  of  Mr.  Thomas  Ilarrison,  who  died  in  1718.  The  small  brass,  with 
the  representation  of  a  chalice,  and  the  resemblance  of  a  spread  fan  on  the  top,  mentioned 
by  Manning  and  Bray  as  at  the  entrance  of  the  chancel,  has  disappeared. 

The  only  monument  in  the  churchyard  claiming  particular  notice  is  a  raised  tomb  close 

to  the  chancel  windoAV,  with  this  inscription  : — 

Memorise  Sacrum  : 
Anna,  Eicardi  Campion  de  Newton  in  coniitatvi  Hantoniie  armigeri,  uxor  unicii  dilecta,  propfc  has  fsacras 
iEdes,  proxinifeq ;  quam  per  parietem  liciiit,  D'ni  Edv.  Gresham  Equitis  Aurati,  ipsiusq. ;  conjugi  D'uic  Maria; 
sepulckra  (quorum  alteri  pri^gna,  alteri  fuit  filia  per  Galirielcm  Wight  de  Broekam  in  com.  Surria;  armigenim) 
depositum  sub  dio  suum  recondi  voluit.  Voti  compos,  in  spe  heata,  resui-gendi  requiescet.  Nihil  est  ultra, 
Viator,  tecum  :  Solitudinem  (ne  invideas  !)  hanc  sibi  deposcit.  Mors  aiquat.  Obiit  Lond.  Aug.  19,  1C79  ;  a'tatis 
su»  56. 

Forma  venusta  fugax,  vita-q  ;  fugacia  dona 
C';utera:  perspexi  dugula,  nulla  tuli. 

In  the  north-cast  part  of  the  churchyard  are  several  railcd-in  burial-places  for  the 
Biscoes,  &c. ;  also  one,  with  an  inscription,  to  the  memory  of  the  Eev.  Eobert  Mayne  (and 
of  his  wife  and  family),  for  thirty-four  years  rector  of  this  parish,  who  died  in  1811. 

The  Eegisters  commence  in  1539,  and  arc  nearly  perfect  to  the  present  time. 

The  following  are  the  only  recorded  benefiictions  to  the  poor  of  Limpsficld  :— 

1627.     Henry  Smith,  Esq.,  by  -nill,  a  rent-charge  to  the  amount  of  £i  annually,  for  the  relief  of  the  poor. 

1696.  John  Brett,  from  the  rent  of  a  cottage,  5s.  annually,  for  bread  to  the  poor,  at  the  discretion  of  oihccrs  and 
vestry.     No  payment  is  now  received. 

1710.  John  Wood,  from  a  farm  called  Plum  Park,  to  the  poor  who  are  not  burdensome,  lOs.  annually,  "  to  buy  30 
Loaves  of  good  bread,  every  Loaf  to  cost  fourpence,  to  be  distributed  to  30  poor  people  of  the  Parish  in  the  Cliurch  Porch 
of  Limpsfield  upon  every  Good  Friday  in.  the  forenoon." 

There  are  ISTational  Schools  and  an  Infants'  School  in  Limpsfield ;  also  a  Boys'  School 
supported  by  Mr.  Leveson-Gower.  In  1874  a  school  was  built  on  the  common  for  girls 
and  infants. 


LINGFIELD. 

This  is  a  very  extensive  parish,  containing,  according  to  a  recent  survey,  9,1SG  acres  of 
land  and  53  of  water.     It  borders  on  the  coimty  of  Kent,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the 

VOL.    III.  3   A 


362 


HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 


river  Eden,  a  branch  of  the  Medway  ;  on  the  north  it  adjoins  Crowhurst  and  Tandridge ; 
on  the  east,  Edenbridge  and  Cowden,  in  Kent ;  on  the  south,  East  Grinstead,  in  Sussex  ; 
and  Tandridge  and  Godstone  on  the  west.     The  soil  is  chiefly  chiy,* 

Manning  and  Bray  speak  of  several  extensive  commons  in  this  parish  : — "  Eelcotc  Heath, 
about  600  acres;  Lingfield  Common,  300;  Dorman's  Land  and  Paeon's  IIeath,t  500; 
Simpiere's  Green,  20."  In  reality  these  wastes  never  were  so  extensive  as  is  here 
represented,  and  many  years  ago  they  were  all  disposed  of,  in  small  parcels,  to  various 
individuals.  On  Lingfield  Common  was  an  open  chalybeate  spring,  reputed  to  possess  the 
same  properties  as  the  waters  of  Tunbridge  Wells,  but  within  the  last  forty  years  it  has 
been  covered  over  by  the  person  to  whom  this  part  of  the  common  was  allotted. 

In  the  middle  of  Plaistow  Street  in  this  parish,  and  in  the  centre  of  four  crossways, 
stands  a  stone  obelisk  called  St.  Peter's  Cross,  with  niches  in  its  sides.  It  is  understood 
to  have  been  surmounted  by  a  cross,  on  the  top  of  which  was  a  basin,  as  a  recipient  of 
holy  water  for  the  use  of  the  church.  Formerly  the  basin,  which  was  of  iron,  was 
employed  at  the  chalybeate  spring  just  mentioned.  It  was  afterwards  seen  on  the 
common.  St.  Peter's  Cross,  with  a  pictiu-esquc  old  oak  adjacent,  forms  an  agreeable  object 
to  the  eye. 

jManning  and  Bray  mention  a  field  called  Chapel  Field,  the  supposed  site  of  a  chapel 
dedicated  to  St.  Margaret ;  also  an  adjoining  field,  called  St.  Margaret's  Field :  these  are 
not  now  recognised,  but  there  is  a  field  known  by  the  name  of  Margetts  Hill. 

Two  inconsiderable  annual  fairs  are  held  here :  one  in  Plaistow  Street,  on  the  feast  of 
St.  Peter,  to  whom,  and  St.  Paul,  the  church  is  dedicated ;  the  other  at  Dorman's  Land, 
on  the  1st  of  May. 

Aubrey  speaks  of  the  inhabitants  of  Lingfield  as  fond  of  garlands  made  of  the  little  herb 
called  midsummer  silver,  which  is  common  in  the  neighbourhood,  but  the  custom  is  not 
now  remembered.  The  practice  of  appointing  certain  officers  for  the  parish  at  the  "  Sherifi''s 
Tourn  "  has  also  been  discontinued. 

*  The  water  which  runs  through  the  meadows  of  Lmgfield  has  three  branches,  two  of  them  deriving  their  source 
from  a  little  rivulet,  or  spring,  on  Copthorne  Common,  in  the  parish  of  Bmstow,  one  of  which  rims  over  Felcourt  Heath, 
in  Lingfield,  in  a  south-eastern  direction  from  Copthorne  Common,  and  then  due  north.  Another  runs  in  a  north-eastern 
direction  over  BUndley  Heath,  in  the  parish  of  Godstone,  and  joins  the  other  branch  at  the  bottom  of  Lingfield  Common, 
where  they  form  a  deep  though  narrow  river  called  the  Eden.  The  thii-d  branch  comes  from  Oxted,  and  joins  it,  when 
the  whole,  passing  through  Edenbridge,  unites  mth  the  Medway  at  Penshm-st.  By  means  of  this  river  the  meadows  aU 
through  Lingfield  are  watered,  and  rendered  highly  productive  wthout  other  manure.  Sometimes,  however,  it  overflows 
its  banks,  and  carries  off  the  hay  which  it  has  been  the  means  of  producLag,  or  otherwise  deteriorates  its  quality  by  an 
intermixture  of  sand.  The  hay  is  a  valuable  addition  to  the  upland  farms,  being,  when  well  got  in,  so  nutritious  in 
quality  as  to  fatten  a  bullock  without  other  aid.     (Manning  and  Bray,  with  variations,  vol.  ii.  p.  339.) 

t  Supposed  to  be  a  corruption  of  Beacon's  Heath,  as,  according  to  tradition,  a  beacon  formerly  stood  there.  The 
lofty  and  conrmanding  nature  of  the  spot  favours  this  opinion. 


LIXGFIELD. 


363 


iElfroJ,  a  Saxon  duko,  gave  by  will  7  hides  of  land  in  Lingfiold  to  his  Avifo, 
■Wcrburga,  for  life,  and  afterwards  to  his  daughter  Alhdryth  and  her  issue,  in  default  of 
which  to  his  nearest  paternal  relatives.  lie  also  gave  1  hide  at  this  place  to  Berlitsige.* 
Athelfleda,  wife  of  Xing  Edgar,  and  mother  of  Edward  the  Martyr,  gave  Lingedefcld,  with 
G  hides  and  the  church,  to  the  Abbey  of  Ilyde.t  It  is  somewhat  extraordinary  that 
though  the  manor  of  Lingfield,  which  was  of  considerable  extent,  was  held  by  the  Abbot  ol' 
Hyde  long  after  the  Norman  Conquest,  there  is  no  notice  of  it  in  the  Doomsday  l?ook ; 
yet  the  Abbot  of  St.  Peter's,  Winchester,  as  he  is  styled,  is  mentioned  in  that  record  among 
the  landowners  in  Surrey,  as  tenant  under  the  Crown  of  Sandestede,  in  the  hundi-cd  of 
Waletone.  According  to  the  Testa  do  Nevill,  Robert  de  Manekeseye  held  half  a  knight's 
fee  in  Lingefcld,  of  the  Abbot  of  Ilyde,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  III.  From  some  legal 
proceedings  in  the  time  of  Edward  I.,  it  appears  that  the  abbot  had  the  manor  and  church 
of  Lingfield,  with  an  inn  in  Southwark.J  Reginald  de  Cobham,  who  died  in  13G2,  held 
this  manor  of  the  Abbot  of  Hyde,  and  it  was  held  by  other  persons  in  1408  and  1417.§ 
The  advowson  of  the  living,  which  the  abbot  had  held  with  the  manor,  must  have  been 
alienated  in  9  Henry  VI.,  when  Reginald,  Lord  Cobham,  being  about  to  found  the  college  of 
Lingfield,  a  license  was  granted  to  the  Abbot  of  Hyde  to  appropriate  the  advowson  for 
that  pui-pose.  The  land  of  the  abbot  at  Lingfield  is  mentioned  in  a  deed  dated  in  1489  ; 
therefore  it  was  probably  among  the  conventual  estates  at  the  dissolution  of  the 
monastery. 

There  are  in  this  parish  the  manors  of  Starborough  (or  Prinkham),  Billeshurst,  Padindcn 
(or  Puttenden),  Bloxfield,  Ford,  Felcourt,  and  Sheffield  Lingfield. 

The  manor  of  Felcourt  may  here  be  noticed,  as  having  anciently  belonged  to  the  Abbey 
of  Hyde.  After  the  suppression  of  the  convent  it  was  granted  by  Hemy  YIII.  to  Sir 
John  Gresham,  whose  grandson  William,  in  1589,  sold  it  to  John  Valentync.  After 
numerous  transfers  it  was  sold  to  the  Turtons,  Barts,,  whose  title  is  now  extinct,  and  has 
since  passed  to  the  Earl  of  Cottenham. 

The  Manor  of  Stareorough,  alias  Prinkham. — The  mansion  or  castle  of  Starborough 
is  in  the  parish  of  Lingfield  ;  but  the  land  belonging  to  the  manor  is  partly  in  the  parish 
of  Home,  and  partly  in  Edenbridge,  Westerham,  and  Cowden,  in  Kent.  By  the  custom  of 
this  manor  the  freehold  estates  thereof  are  subject,  on  the  death  of  the  tenant,  to  a  horiot 
of  the  best  live  beast,  if  there  be  any ;  and  if  none,  to  a  payment  of  3s.  Cd.  as  a  dead  horiot ; 
and  the  same  on  sale,  if  the  freeholder  sell  his  whole  estate.     The  part  of  the  manor  which 

*  iElfr.  D.  Test.  S.ax.  ;  Mamiing,  vol.  ii.  p.  340.  t  Dagdalc,  "  Monast.  Auglican.''  art.  Hyde  Abbey. 

X  Placit.  cor.  apml  GuUleford,  7  Edward  I.  §  Vi^h  Escheat?  of  35  Edward  III.,  9  Henry  IV.,  and  4  Heiixy  V. 

3  A  2 


364  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

extends  into  Kent  is  subject  to  tlie  law  of  gavelkind.  William  de  Hevere,  of  Hevere 
Castle,  had  a  grant  of  free- warren  in  Lingefeld  in  1281.  His  daughter  and  sole  heiress 
married  Eeginald  de  Cobham,  of  the  family  of  Cobham  settled  at  Cowling,  in  Kent ;  and 
Eeginald,  grandson  of  the  preceding,  founded  the  castle  of  Starborough  in  1342.  He  held 
an  important  command  at  the  battle  of  Cressy,  was  engaged  in  that  of  Poitiers  with  the 
Black  Prince,  and  was  a  commissioner  for  the  conclusion  of  the  treaty  of  Bretigny  in  1360. 
This  baron  was  one  of  the  victims  to  the  pestilence  which  ravaged  this  country  in  1361, 
and  which  proved  fatal  to  many  persons  of  distinction  in  Chiu-ch  and  State.*  His  grandson, 
Eeginald,  Lord  Cobham,  founder  of  the  College  of  Lingfield,  who  died  in  1446,  left  two 
sons  and  four  daughters,  among  the  latter  of  whom  Eleanor  became  noted  as  the  mistress, 
and  afterwards  the  wife,  of  Humphrey,  Duke  of  Gloucester,  brother  of  Henry  V.| 

Eeginald,  their  eldest  son,  had  only  one  child,  Margaret,  who  became  heiress  of  the 
family  estates,  and  married  Ealph  NevUl,  Earl  of  Westmoreland :  leaving  no  surviving  issue 
on  her  death,  the  inheritance  devolved  on  her  cousin  Aune,  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas 
Cobham.  This  lady  was  betrothed  in  infancy  to  the  son  and  heir  of  Lord  Mountjoy  ;  but 
he  dying  before  the  marriage  was  completed,  Su-  Thomas  Borough  (a  descendant  of  Hubert 
de  Burgh,  Earl  of  Kent)  obtained  from  Edward  IV.  the  wardship  of  the  heiress,  and  gave 
her  in  marriage  to  his  son,  Sir  Edward  Boroiigh,  whose  son  and  heir,  Thomas,  was 
summoned  to  Parliament  among  the  peers  of  the  realm  in  1530.  Starborough,  with  other 
estates,  was  held  by  the  descendants  of  that  nobleman  until  the  reign  of  Elizabeth.  Thomas, 
Lord  Borough,  who  succeeded  to  the  title  in  1594,  held  various  employments,  civil  and 
military ;  and  in  1597,  being  appointed  Lord  Deputy  of  Ireland,  he  died  there  shortly 
after.  His  only  son  Eobert  dying  while  a  minor  in  1602,  his  four  sisters  became  his 
coheiresses.  The  shares  of  tlu-ee  of  those  ladies  in  the  manorial  estate  of  Starborough  were 
purchased  by  Sir  Thomas  Eichardson,  Knt.,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas,  afterwards 

*  See  Sto-n-'s  Chronicle,  p.  418.  Eegmald,  Lord  Cobham,  married  Joan,  danghter  of  Thomas,  Lord  Berkley  (by 
Margaret,  daughter  of  Roger,  Earl  of  March),  who  brought  him  a  portion  of  J2,000  in  money,  and  the  lordship  of 
Langley-BurreU,  Wilts.  After  his  decease  that  lady  held  Starborongh  Castle  with  other  manors  for  life,  and  died  seized 
thereof  in  1369,  her  son  Eeginald  being  then  twenty-one  years  of  age.  "  By  her  will,  she  bequeathed  her  body  to  be  buried 
in  the  churchyard  of  St.  Mary  Overey,  Southwark,  before  the  church-door,  where  the  image  of  the  Blessed  Virgin  sitteth 
on  high  over  that  door,  appointing  a  plain  marble  stone  to  be  laid  over  her  grave,  with  a  cross  of  metal  thereon,  and  in 
the  circumference  these  words  in  French  to  be  cut :  '  Vous  qui  per  id  passietz  pur  V  alme  Johane  de  Cobham  prietz  ; '  that 
forthwith  after  her  death  7,000  masses  should  be  celebrated  for  her  soul  by  the  Canons  of  Fauconbrigge  and  Tanrigge; 
and  the  4  orders  of  Friers  at  London,  for  which  they  were  to  be  paid  .£29  Ss.  4d. ;  that,  upon  her  funeral  day  12  poor 
people  clothed  in  black  go\vns  and  hoods  should  carry  12  torches :  to  the  chiirch  of  Lyngefeld  she  gave  a  frontore,  with 
the  arms  of  Berkley  and  Cobham  standing  on  white  and  purple ;  to  Eeginald  her  son,  she  bequeathed  a  long  with  a 
diamond,  having  given  him  all  the  arms  and  ammunition  in  the  wardrobe  at  Sterburgh."— Dugdale,  Bar.  ii.  68  ; 
Mannixg  and  Brat,  Surrey,  vol.  ii.  p.  341. 

t  Eleanor  was  the  unfortunate  lady  who,  being  accused  of  witchcraft  by  those  who  sought  her  husband's  ruin,  was 
sentenced  to  do  public  penance  in  St.  Paul's  Cathedral  on  three  -successive  days,  and  afterwards  to  be  imprisoned  for  life. 


LLXGFIELD.  365 

of  the  King's  Loucli,  wlio  died  in  1G34,  and  lies  buried  in  the  south  iiislo  of  Westminster 
Abbey.*  He  had  two  wives,  by  Ursula,  the  first  of  -whom,  he  left  one  surviving  son  and 
foiu-  daughters  ;  but  he  had  no  issue  by  Elizabeth  Beaumont,  his  second  wife,  relict  of  Sii- 
John  Ashbiu-nham,  Knt.,  who  died  in  1621.  That  lady  was  created  Baroness  Cramond  in 
Scotland,  by  letters-patent  of  Charles  I.,  in  1G28;  and  the  title  was  limited  to  Thomas 
Eichardson  (afterwards  knighted),  son  of  the  judge  by  his  former  wife,  and  the  heirs  male  of 
the  judge.  Sir  Thomas,  who  became  a  Baron  of  the  Exchequer  in  Scotland,  dying  in  1042, 
before  his  mother-in-law,  never  had  the  title,  which,  however,  devolved  upon  his  son  Thomas, 
called  Lord  Eichardson.  That  gentleman,  who  represented  Norfolk  in  Parliament  from 
IGGl  until  his  decease  in  1G75,  sold  the  property  to  William  Saxby,  Esq.,  who  also  obtained 
the  remaining  fourth  part  of  the  manor  in  the  year  last  mentioned.  Successively  owned 
by  the  Saxbys,  Burrows,  Turtons,  and  Smiths,  the  executors  of  the  latter  disposed  of  it  to 
John  Tongc,  Esq.,  from  whom  it  passed  to  Mr.  F.  Bamford.  About  1870  the  castlef 
again  changed  hands,  having  been  purchased  by  Mr.  James  Stocks  Moon.  The  house 
built  by  Sir  James  Burrow,  and  to  which  Sii'  Thomas  Turton  added  a  dining-room  and 
a  drawing-room,  was  pulled  down  with  the  exception  of  the  latter,  and  a  new 
mansion  erected  by  the  late  Mr.  Tonge.  A  room  built  by  Sir  James  Buitow  within  the 
moat  yet  remains,  and  a  court  was  held  in  it  in  1842.  It  is  usual  to  hold  a  coiu't  once  in 
about  nine  years. 

The  Maxor  of  Padinden. — This  manor  (the  name  of  which  is  variously   spelt  in 

*  Fuller,  in  Ms  brief  notice  of  Judge  Eichardson  ("Worthies,"  vol.  ii.  p.  130,  edit.  1611),  hints  that  he  lived  too  near 
Ms  own  time  to  be  spoken  of  fully,  "  seeing  many  mil  be  ready  to  cai'p."  Dart,  in  his  "  Ilistory  of  St.  Peter's,  West. 
minster,"  explains  this  "  by  telling  us  that  he  was  the  Judge  who,  to  please  the  faction  of  the  time,  issued  an  order 
against  the  ancient  custom  of  Wakes  (generally  held  on  a  Sunday,  and  in  the  churchyard),  and  ordered  every  minister  to 
read  it  in  his  church.  Tliis  encroachment  on  Ecclesiastical  authority  was  complained  of  by  Laud,  then  Eishop  of  Bath 
and  Wells  [afterwards  Archbishop  of  Canterbury],  who  got  a  Certificate,  signed  by  seventy  of  his  ablest  Clergy,  of  the 
inoffensiveuess  of  those  diversions  ;  which  being  reported  at  the  Covmcil  table,  Eichardson  was  then  so  severely  repri- 
manded, that  he  came  out  com]5laining  that  he 'had  been  almost  choaked  with  a  pair  of  lawn  sleeves." — Mansing, 
Surrey,  vol.  ii.  p.  345. 

t  Starborough  Castle  was  in  such  a  state  in  the  time  of  Cliarles  I.  as  to  receive  a  garrison,  and  it  was  occupied  by  the 
Parliament's  forces.  After  the  King's  death  the  House  of  Commons  (in  1G48-49)  ordered  that  it  should  be  referred  to 
the  Committee  at  Derby  House  to  take  care  of  this  castle  amongst  others,  and  to  put  it  in  such  a  contliiion  that  no  use 
might  be  made  of  it  to  the  endangering  the  peace  of  the  kingdom.  Sir  James  Burrow  had  a  rude  drawing  of  the  iclino- 
graphy  of  Starborough  Castle,  and  of  the  moat  by  which  it  was  surrounded.  He  had  also  a  very  rude  ancient  map, 
intended  to  show  the  general  situation  of  the  castle  -svith  respect  to  the  three  nearest  churches,  Lingfield,  Edenbridge, 
and  Cowden.  In  the  comer  of  the  map  was  a  small  sketch  of  the  elevation  of  the  castle.  It  appears  to  have  had  a  round 
tower,  with  a  dome,  at  each  comer.  The  tlrawbridge  was  shomi,  and  also  that  there  was  a  court  in  the  centre.  The 
area,  inclutling  the  moat,  was  13  acres  and  haK  a  rood  ;  exclusively  of  the  moat,  half  an  acre  and  2  square  poles.  Sir  Thomas 
Turton  had  the  moat  cleaned  out,  preser\-ing  exactly  its  original  lines  ;  and  it  "  is  now  a  fine  piece  of  water,  supplied  by 
a  spring  rising  in  one  of  the  farms,  about  two  miles  distant,  and  brought  the  last  tiuarter  of  a  mile  under  ground  by  a 
wide  di-ain.  It  has  a  constant  current,  and,  after  supplying  the  house  and  offices,  falls  into  the  river  Eden."— JIanxikg 
and  Brat,  Sumy,  voL  ii.  pp.  346,  347. 


366  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

different  records)  belonged,  in  the  reign  of  Edward  I.,  to  u  family  called  Padynden,  or 
Potyndene.  John,  the  son  of  Adam  de  Podyndene,  died  in  1362,  seized  of  this  manor, 
which  Avas  divided  between  his  cousins  and  heirs.  In  1477  Reginald  Sand,  or  Sond,  held 
this  manor,  which  in  1G40  belonged  to  Sir  Gecrge  Sondes,  Z.B. ;  from  him  it  descended 
to  Lewis  Watson,  Earl  of  Eockingham,  who  died  in  1742.  His  nephew,  Watson,  Lord 
Sondes,  sold  the  estate  to  Abraham  Atkins,  Esq.,  who  left  it  to  his  nephew,  Edwin  Martin 
Atkins,  whose  son,  of  the  same  name,  was  owner  of  the  property  in  1808.  Since  the  death 
of  that  gentleman  the  property  has  been  in  the  hands  of  his  trustees.  By  the  custom  of 
this  manor  the  best  live  beast  is  due  for  a  heriot ;  and  if  there  be  no  live  beast,  a  dead 
heriot  of  3s.  4d. 

Manor  of  Blokesfield,  or  Siiovelsteode  (pronounced,  according  to  Manning  and  Bray, 
Shosterwood). — Eoland  de  Acstede,  or  Oxted,  whose  family  had  an  estate  at  Oxted  from 
the  time  of  the  Conquest  till  1291,  was  lord  of  this  manor,  and  on  his  death  his  daughters 
became  his  coheii-esses.  It  afterwards  belonged  to  the  family  of  Gaynsford,  and  in  1697 
William  Gaynsford,  Esq.,  died  seized  of  the  manor,  leaving  two  daughters  only.  Edward 
Johnson,  who  married  one  of  them,  purchased  the  share  of  the  other  daughter ;  and  his 
grandson,  William  Johnson,  in  1727  sold  the  estate  to  Percival  Lewis  and  others.  It  was 
again  sold  in  1764  to  John  Major,  Esq.,  after\\'ards  made  a  baronet,  who  had  two  daughters  : 
Anne,  married  to  John  Henniker,  Esq.,  and  Elizabeth  to  Henry,  Duke  of  Chandos.  Sir 
John  Henniker  Major,  son  of  the  former,  was  created  an  Irish  baron  in  1800,  and,  dying  in 
1803,  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  the  second  Lord  Henniker,  who  held  this  manor  jointly 
with  the  Duchess  of  Chandos  in  1807.  It  was  afterwards  the  property  of  Patrick  Byrne, 
Esq.,  who  left  it  at  his  death  to  a  Mrs.  Gwilliam, 

The  manor  of  Foed,  or  La.  Foed,  belonged  to  the  Gaynsfords  before  1582.  William 
Gaynsford,  who  died  in  1679,  held  Ford  as  well  as  Blokesfield,  and  the  former  of  these 
estates  came  into  the  possession  of  his  son-in-law,  Edward  Johnson.  After  passing  through 
various  hands  Ford  was  purchased  by  the  late  Iv'orman  Morris,  Esq.,  who  built  a  mansion 
which  has  recently  been  enlarged  and  improved  by  the  present  owner  and  occiipier,  Joseph 
Spender  Clay,  Esq. 

New  Place  was  the  estate  of  a  family  named  Tiu-ner  in  the  seventeenth  century.  In 
1729  John  Wicker,  Esq.,  alienated  lands  in  the  manor  of  Ford  to  John  Hopkins,  and  this 
estate  was  devised  by  him  to  his  cousin,  John  Hopkins,  who  died  about  1754.  By  the 
trustees  of  the  latter  it  was  conveyed  in  1777  to  Benjamin  Bond  Hopkins,  Esq.,  of  Pains 
Hill,  whose  daughter  and  sole  heii'ess  married  Eichard  Mansell  Phillips,  Esq.,  whose  family 
ultimately  possessed  the  property. 


LINGFIEI.D.  367 

The  manor  of  Bkowxs  is  partly  iu  this  parish,  partly  in  Liinpshold,  ami  extends  into 
the  parish  of  Edeubridge,  iu  Kent,  where  is  situated  the  mansion  or  manor-house.  This 
estate  anciently  belonged  to  a  family  named  Brown,  from  whom  it  passed  in  1538,  on  tlio 
maiTiage  of  John  At-Lee  with  the  daughter  and  heii-ess  of  Henry  Bro^vn.  It  came  at 
leugth  into  the  possession  of  Bcecher  Walter,  who  dying  intestate  and  without  issue  about 
1757,  the  Sm-rey  portion  of  the  manorial  estate  descended  to  his  eldest  brother,  and  the 
Kentish  portion  to  his  two  brothers  jointly,  by  the  custom  of  gavelkind.  They  sold  it  to 
John  Boddington,  Esq.,  on  whose  death  it  descended  to  his  daughter,  married  to  the  Hon. 
Frederick  Lumley,  to  whom  it  belonged  in  1808. 

The  Manor  op  Sheffield. — Sir  John  Dalyngrigge  was  lord  of  this  manor  in  1408.  It 
was  one  of  the  estates  of  Thomas,  Duke  of  Norfolk,  executed  for  a  conspiracy  against 
Queen  Elizabeth  in  1572.  The  manor  of  Sheifield,  having  thus  escheated  to  the  Crown, 
was  granted  by  James  I.  to  Thomas,  Earl  of  Arundel.  It  belonged  in  1808  to  Thomas 
Trevor,  Viscount  Hampden. 

The  manor  of  Billeshurst  now  belongs  to  Harvey  Hughes,  Esq. 

A  district  called  the  Gildable,  now  unknown,  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  Queen's 
Woods,  in  which  certain  persons  claimed  estovers.  "  In  25  Elizabeth,  Thomas  Kente  and 
George  Holmden  paid  money  to  her  Majesty's  surveyor  within  this  county  for  their  more 
quiet  possession  of  theii-  customs  in  the  woods  and  underwoods,  on  certain  Commons  called 
Dorman's  Lands,  Baldyes-hill  Common,  Hilde  Heath,  and  Pakin's  (Paeon's,  or  Beacon's) 
Heath,  within  her  Majesty's  Gyldable  in  Lyngfield.  It  was  agreed  that  the  said  Kente, 
and  the  lady  his  wife,  during  such  time  as  they  should  inhabit  and  keep  houses  at  theii-  then 
mansion  called  Apesselystowne  in  the  Gildable  in  Lingfield,  should  have  certain  quantities, 
and  Holmdun  others,  whilst  he  lived  at  Battners  in  Lyngfield."  *  There  is  still  a  messuage 
called  Apsleytown  in  this  parish.  In  1808  it  was  the  property  and  residence  of  Eobert 
Bostock,  Esq.,  and  it  descended  to  the  nephew  of  that  gentleman,  of  the  same  name. 

DoRiiAN's  Land. — In  1489  John  Underhelde,  sen.,  of  Lingfield,  granted  to  Alice 
Croker,  daughter  of  John  Croker,  formerly  of  that  parish,  certain  lands  called  Newhache- 
croft  and  Dermannyslond,  "  on  condition  that  she  find  yearly,  for  ever,  a  wax  taper  of  two 
pounds  weight  before  the  Truiity  iu  the  church  of  Lyngfield.  The  seal  is  annexed,  tied 
with  a  piece  of  rush,  perhaps  as  livery  of  the  land."  f 

Amongst  the  seats  in  the  parish  of  Lingfield  may  be  mentioned  Wilderwick,  the 
residence  of  Mr.  Cuthbert  Geddere  Fisher ;  Apsley  House,  occupied  by  General  James 
Barr ;    Chartham  Park,  belonging  to  Major  Alfi-ed  K.  Marjary ;    Faeixdoxs,  to  Capt, 

*  From  information  commimicatcd  to  Manning  and  Bray  by  the  late  Sir.  Glover. 
t  Manning  and  Bray,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  352. 


368  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

James  St.  Clair ;  Starboeough  Castle,  Felcourt  House,  aucl  Ford  Manor,  already 
mentioned. 

LiNGFiELD  College.* — In  9  Henry  YI.  Eeginald,  Lord  Cobliam,  obtained  a  license  to 
found  a  college,  and  convert  the  parish  cliui'cli  of  Lingfield  into  a  collegiate  establishment, 
endowed  with  lands  to  the  value  of  £40  a  year.  He  then  erected,  at  the  west  end  of  the 
churchyard,  a  house  containing  apartments  for  a  provost,  or  master,  six  chaplains,  and 
certain  clerks  of  the  Carthiisian  order.  When  Aubrey  wrote  this  building  was  perfect, 
but  in  the  reign  of  George  I.  most  of  it  was  taken  down,  and  a  farmhouse  built  on  part  of 
the  site.t  Additions  were  made  to  the  original  endowment  in  1449  by  Ann  Cobham,  lady 
of  Sterburgh,  and  Sir  Thomas  Cobham.  According  to  Manning  the  collegiate  seal  "  has 
on  one  side  St.  Peter  with  a  crosier  and  keys,  and  on  the  other  the  Virgin  Mary." 

The  estates  belonging  to  this  foundation  consisted  of  a  collegiate  church,  with  the 
glebe,  value  £26;  Neuland  Mill  and  Byhall,  with  some  lands,  £3  13s.  4d. ;  the  manor  of 
Hexted,  with  lands  called  Innctts,  £14 ;  a  garden  there,  with  a  messuage,  10s. ;  another 
messuage,  10s.  ;  a  tenement  and  lands  called  Martens,  £1 ;  certain  parcels  of  land.  Is. ; 
quit-rents  and  services  of  divers  tenements  of  Lyngefeld,  £2  2s.  2|d. ;  the  park  of  Lyng- 
cfeld,  called  Eyllies  Park,  with  the  lands  called  Jordan's  Land,  £6  ;  tenements  and  lands 
called  Calcots,  in  Tattersfield,  £3  6s.  8d. ;  an  inn  called  the  Green  Dragon,  in  Southwark, 
£3  ;-in  Kent,  lands  called  Paynters,  in  Westram,  £1  6s.  Sd. ;  the  manors  of  Pyriton  and 
Broke,  with  lands,  £3;  lands  called  Coll  Aleyns,  13s.  4d. ;  the  manor  called  Squyres  in 
Westram,  and  lands  adjoining,  £5  17s.  8d. :  quit-rents  of  the  manor  of  Squyres,  £2  ;  laud 
called  Littlecote,  £1  3s,;  land  called  Forlesland,  12s.;  the  manor  of  Hoothlyght  in 
Lamberhurst,  Kent  and  Sussex,  with  other  lands  in  the  same  parts,  £5 ;  in  all, 
£79  15s.  lOid.  subject  to  deductions  amounting  to  £4  15s.  lO^d.,  leaving  a  clear 
income  of  £75  per  annum. 

In  1544  Thomas  Cawarden,  Gentleman  of  the  Privy  Chamber  to  the  King,  obtained  a 
grant  of  the  collegiate  church  of  Lingfield,  with  the  estate  belonging  to  it,  which  he 
resigned  in  1547  for  the  purpose  of  having  it  renewed  with  additions,  and  in  the  reign  of 
Edward  YI.  the  grant  was  confirmed  by  Act  of  Parliament.  He  was  the  first  "  Master  of 
the  Eevels  at  Court,"  to  which  office  he  was  appointed  in  1546.      William  Cawarden, 

*  No  account  of  Lingfield  College  was  given  by  Dugdale,  and  tlie  brief  notice  iii  the  last  edition  of  the  "Monasticon" 
(vol.  vi.  p.  1469)  is  scarcely  worth  a  reference. 

t  Aubrey  says  he  had  seen  no  remains  of  a  religious  house  so  entire.  "  The  first  story  was  of  freestone ;  above  that 
brick  and  timber.     Within  was  a  sqiiare  court  with  a  cloister  round  it.     In  the  west  window  of  the  Hall  was,  Orate  pro 

bono  statu  John  Gaynsford  et fenestram.     There  was  a  convenient  handsome  Hall  and  Parlour;  above  the 

Triest's  table  was  the  canopy  of  wainscot,  as  in  Lincohi's  Inn  Hall.  In  one  of  the  windows,  Auxilium  mihi  semper  d 
Domino." 


LIXGFIELD.  369 

ucplie-\v  aud  heir  of  Sir  Tliomas,  in  15G0  had  a  license  to  alienate  the  manor  of  Lingficld, 
with  other  estates,  to  "William,  Lord  IIoAvard  of  Eflinghain.  This  property  descended  to 
Francis,  the  seventh  Baron  of  Effingham,  who  settled  it  on  his  second  wife.  Anno  Bristow  ; 
aud  she,  having  survived  his  lordship,  devised  these  estates  by  will,  in  1774,  to  trustees  for 
sale.  In  177G  Dr.  Frank  Nicholls  became  the  purchaser  of  the  manor  or  College  of  Ling- 
field,  the  manor  of  Billeshurst,  the  rectory,  the  patronage  of  the  vicarage,  all  tithes,  &c. ; 
a  capital  messuage,  and  site  of  the  college,  Avith  certain  farms  and  lands.  LLe  died  in 
177S,  and  his  son  and  heir,  John  Nicholls,  Esq.,  after  having  disposed  of  part  of  the  tithes, 
sold  the  remainder  of  the  rectory,  the  farms  and  lands,  and  the  manor  of  Billeshurst  to 
the  trustees  of  Eobert  Ladbroke,  Esq.,  in  1803.* 

The  benefice  of  Lingficld,  formerly  regarded  as  a  perpetual  curacy,  is  now  a  vicarage. 

Curates  and  Vicars  of  Lingficld  since  1800  : — 

1. —  William  3I'Kiiistr!/.     Appointed  in  1788. 

2.— Robert  FitzHerhcrt  Fuller,  M.A.     Appointed  in  1819. 

o.— Thomas  Pulmer  Ilntton,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1849. 

4. — James  Fry,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1855. 

5. — James  Thomas,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1803. 

The  chiu-ch,  dedicated  to  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul,  is  situated  about  a  quarter  of  a 
mile  from  Plaistow  Street,  the  principal  street  in  the  parish.  It  is  built  of  a  darkish- 
coloured  stone,  and  covered  with  Horsham  slate,  and  is  very  large  and  massive.  It 
consists  of  nave,  north  aud  south  aisles,  and  a  large  chancel.  At  the  west  end  of  the 
south  aisle  is  a  cumbrous  tower,  surmounted  by  a  low,  shingled  spire  with  five  bells. 
The  north  aisle  is  separated  from  the  nave  by  pointed  arches,  aud  on  the  north  side  is  a 
small  stone  tower  to  the  height  of  the  roof.  It  has  a  door  on  the  outside,  but  does  not 
appear  to  have  any  internal  communication.  Interiorly  the  church  is  light,  open,  and 
spacious,  with  an  efi'ect  somewhat  imposing.  There  are  two  steps  into  the  chancel, 
which  is  separated  from  the  nave  by  a  wooden  screen,  a  similar  screen  on  each  side 
dividing  the  chancel  from  the  north  and  south  aisles.  Amongst  some  remains  of  painted 
glass  in  the  centre  light  of  the  great  cast  window  is  a  woman  sitting  with  a  musical 
instrument  in  her  hand,  and  in  each  of  the  side  lights  are  remnants  of  pinnacled  buildings, 
&c.  Several  of  the  windows  contain  portions  of  ornamented  borders  in  painted  glass, 
and  in  the  windows  of  the  north  aisle  are  some  female  faces.  The  nave  and  aisles 
are  waggon-roofed  with  timber.     The  pulpit,  of  carved  oak  with  a  sounding-board,  is 

*  Manning  and  Bray,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  r.  \<\\  339— 3C7. 
VOL.    III.  3    B 


37° 


HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 


hexagonal.  Two  or  three  of  the  old  oaken  pews  in  the  south  aisle  have  elaborately 
carved  panels.  Eight  or  ten  of  the  collegiate  stalls,  with  seats  to  turn  up,  have  been 
removed  into  pews;  on  the  lower  side  of  these  seats  are  representations  of  angels, 
grotesque  heads,  shields,  &c.,  carved  in  very  bold  relief.  The  font  is  octagonal,  large, 
massive,  old,  and  much  decayed.  Its  sides  are  ornamented  with  quatrefoils,  in  the 
centre  of  each  a  rose,  and  in  each  of  two  of  the  roses  is  the  representation  of  a  human  or 
angelic  face.    The  pedestal,  also  octangular  in  form,  is  relieved  with  niches. 

At  the  east  end  of  the  south  aisle  is  an  oaken  desk,  on  which  are  a  black-letter 
Bible  and  Prayer-book.  At  the  side  hangs  a  chain,  formerly  attached  to  the  Bible, 
which  for  its  preservation  has  been  injudiciously  rebound :  the  style  of  the  ancient 
binding  ought  to  have  been  preserved.  At  the  end  of  the  desk  is  a  small  aperture, 
within  which,  according  to  tradition,  the  holy  water  used  to  be  kept  in  a  basin,  and 
was  supplied  from  the  basia  anciently  on  the  top  of  St.  Peter's  Cross  tin  Plaistow 
Street. 

In  the  floor  of  the  chancel,  on  each  side  of  the  rails  of  the  communion-table,  are  rude 
figures  embedded  in  the  red  tiles  of  the  pavement :  oue  figure  is  green,  the  other  yellow. 
They  are  supposed  to  be  collegiate  remains,  and  originally  occupied  another  position. 

Against  the  wall,  on  the  north  side  of  the  principal  east  window,  hangs  an  ancient 
helmet  with  its  crest,  a  memorial,  probably  of  the  Cobham  family. 

This  church  contains  various  costly  and  noble  memorials  of  the  departed  great,  several 
fine  brasses,  some  perfect,  some  nearly  so,  and  others  seriously  injured  not  only  by  the 
hand  of  time,  but  by  that  of  fanaticism  and  wanton  mischief. 

In  the  nave,  immediately  before  the  chancel,  is  a  large  and  elaborately  executed  altar 
tomb,  considerably  mutilated,  on  which  are  whole-length  figures  of  a  knight  and  his 
lady,  beautifully  sculptured  in  white  marble.  The  knight  is  in  armoiu-,  his  head 
sustained  by  a  helmet,  his  feet  resting  on  a  dog,  and  a  glove  lying  by  his  right  side.  Ho 
is  without  a  beard,  and  his  hair  is  bound  over  the  temples  with  a  fillet :  crest — a  man's 
head,  barbed.  The  lady's  head  is  supported  by  two  angels,  and  her  feet  rest  on  a  winged 
dragon.     At  the  east  end  are  four  shields  of  arms,  viz. : — 

1.  Gu.  a  lion  ramp.  arg.  2.  Gii.  on  a  chev.  or,  three  stars,  snJ.  3.  Az.  tliree  cinquefoils,  or.  4.  Az.  a  sea-horse, 
winged,  or. 

At  the  west  end  are  seven  shields,  and  the  same  number  on  the  north  and  south  sides. 
In  the  hollow  of  a  moulding  round  the  upper  part  of  the  tomb  are  several  pins,  by  which  a 
brass  fillet  bearing  an  inscription  appears  to  have  been  fastened. 

Agaiust  the  north  wall  is  an  old  altar  tomb  covered  with  a  slab  upwards  of  7  feet  long, 


LIXG  FIELD.  37, 

on  which  is  a  brass  full-lcugth  figure  of  Ecgiunld,  Lord  C'obhani,  M-ho  died  in  IJO;].  lie  is 
represented  in  plate  armour,  with  a  pointed  helmet,  or  skull-cap,  and  a  hood  of  mail ;  he 
has  also  a  skii-t  of  mail,  and  wears  a  sword,  dagger,  and  large  spurs.  This  figure,  which 
is  5  feet  8  inches  in  height,  is  in  excellent  preservation  ;  but  part  of  the  crested  helmet  on 
which  the  head  reposed  has  been  removed,  together  with  two  small  shields  of  arms.  The 
inscription  is  as  follows  : — 

Jlf  cStcrccbuvgli  iomiii'  be  (Eoblinm,  siv  gicgiiuUIins  +  'g)\t  iacct  liic  li.ililms  +  ^OUIcsfiiit  ul   Icop.irbua 

Iioris  +  iir  cuiutistcrri3fiimam})<"tb.il)it  honoris  +  paiisilis  + ''I '"C'lS's  +  foi'iKOsiia  +  movcQci-ocus 

+  j;iU-9U0  ill  t.v))cii3is  impcrtrritus  +  gcncMsua  +  ctqunnio  +  plucuit  +  mcssic  +  qb  +  morfvctur  +  CL'.viJiiMus 

+  obijt  +  irt  alis +  glovifitctuv' +  iiullc  +  quiibviiiflrno -(- trino  t5iullii +  iftUgnibit  +  tcio + 

sit  +  tibi  +l)cr.i  -)-  quits  +  Jlincn  +  y.'tci-  +  nostcr. 

Here  are  several  monuments,  gravestones,  and  brasses  of  the  Larons  Howard  of 
Effingham  and  their  families.  Against  the  south  wall  of  the  chancel,  over  the  vestry 
door,  are  two  elaborately  carved  white  marble  shields,  between  the  upper  parts  of  which  is 
a  baron's  coronet  over  the  arms,  richly  emblazoned,  of  Howard,  impaling  Pelham.  The 
inscription  on  one  shield  records  the  memory  of  Francis,  Lord  Howard,  of  Great  Bookham, 
in  this  county,  fifth  Baron  Effingham,  whose  first  wife  was  Philadelphia,  daughter 
of  Sir  Thomas  Pelham,  Bart.,  of  Laughton,  in  Sussex,  great-grandfather  of  Thomas, 
Duke  of  Newcastle.*  This  nobleman,  Governor  of  Virginia  in  the  reign  of 
Charles  II.,  died  in  1694.  The  second  shield  is  inscribed  to  the  memory  of  the  Lady 
Philadelphia  mentioned  above,  who  died  in  1G85.  Beneath  the  inscription  are  two  hands 
supporting  a  heart,  with  the  word  Resiirgcmus. 

Westward,  against  a  pillar  between  the  nave  and  the  south  aisle,  is  another  large  white 
marble  tablet,  richly  sculptured  with  flowers  and  foliage,  and  the  arms  emblazoned,  with 
this  inscription : — 

Here  lyetli  interred  the  body  of  tlie  truly  noble  and  religious  Lady  Mary  Howard,  late  wife  of  Thomas, 
Lord  Howard,  Baron  of  Effingham ;  t  by  whom  shee  had  two  daughters,  Ann  and  ilarj'.  She  was  the  only 
child  of  Eushia  AVentworth,  Esquire,  of  Cleave  in  the  Isle  of  Thanet,  in  Kent.  Her  piety  towards  God  and 
charity  to  the  poor,  her  sincere  affection  in  her  conjugal  state,  her  tender  love  and  parental  care  in  the  education 
of  her  children,  her  pleasing  gravity,  courteous  and  afl'able  beha\'iour  in  being  generously  just  to  all,  were  very 
conspicuous  to  every  one  that  truely  knew  her ;  and  as  slice  was  happyly  endowed  witli  all  the  vertucs  that  admii 
the  gi'eat  and  good,  so  they  never  forsook  her  till,  with  true  himiility,  rmder  the  stroak  of  a  cruell  distemper, 
shee  patiently  resigned  her  life  the  29th  day  of  May,  anno  Dom.  1718. 

North  of  the  communion-table,  adjoining  the  screen  separating  the  east  end  of  tlio  nave 
from  the  north  aisle,  is  a  large  marble  altar  tomb,  M'ith  the  whole-length  effigy  of  a  man  in 
armour;  his  head  in  mail,  resting  on  a  cushion,  originally  supported  by  two  marble  figures,  now 

*  His  lordship's  second  wife  was  Susan,  daughter  of  Sir  T.  H.  Henry  Felton,  of  Playford,  in  the  county  of 
Suffolk,  and  ^dow  of  Thomas  Herbert,  Esq. 

+  Son  of  Francis,  fifth  baron,  by  the  Lady  Philadelpliia,  his  wife. 

3  B  2 


372  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

mucli  mutilated ;  his  feet  resting  against  a  small  figure  of  a  man  with  a  long  beard,  and  a  turban 
on  his  head,  which  is  supported  by  his  right  hand.  This  eastern  figure  is  supposed  to  refer 
to  some  exjDloit  in  the  Ci'usades.  On  the  north  side  of  the  tomb  are  four  shields  : — 1,  a  cross 
flory ;  2,  a  chevi'on,  impaling  the  same  ;  the  bearings  on  the  two  others  are  obliterated  :  those 
on  the  west  end,  and  at  the  south  side,  are  also  nearly  obliterated.  There  is  no  inscription. 
In  the  nave,  westward  of  the  Cobham  monument  above  described,  is  a  small  female 
figure  in  brass,  her  hands  as  in  prayer,  her  mantle  fastened  with  two  roses  on  her  breast : 
this  is  supposed  to  be  a  memorial  of  the  Howards,  but  the  inscription  is  lost.  Still 
farther  towards  the  west  is  another  small  mutilated  brass  figure,  the  inscription  of  which 
is  also  lost.  On  the  south  side  of  the  first  of  these  brasses  is  a  flat  blue  stone  with  the 
arms  of  Howard,  and  thus  inscribed  : — 

Hie  dormit  corpus  Caeoli  Howard,  militis,  filii  Francisci  Howard,  militis,  amborum  de  Bookham  Magna, 
in  hoc  comitatu,  qui,  heu !  animam  expiravit  vicesimo  die  Martis,  anno  Dom'i  1672,  annoque  setatis  qninqua- 
gesimo  septimo.     Besurgemus. 

On  another  flat  blue  stone,  southward  of  the  Cobham  monument,  is  an  inscription  to 
"  the  deare  memory  of  the  hon'''''  Charles  and  Philadelphia  Howard,  son  and  daughter  of 
the  right  hon^^^  the  Lord  Howard  of  Efiingham  and  Philadelphia  his  wife,"  who  died  in 
1684,  "to  the  perpetual  greefe  of  theii-  surviving  father;  and  of  their  second  daughter, 
Margaret,  who  died  in  1685." 

In  the  north  aisle,  on  a  brass  plate,  beneath  the  figure  of  a  woman  praying,  is  the 
inscription,  "  Orate  pro  animjl  Kateriue  Stokett." 

On  a  black  marble  gravestone  in  the  chancel,  with  armorial  bearings  dis^^laying,  on  a 
chevron  between  three  ostriches,  as  many  mullets — Widnell;  between  three  birds,  impaling 
three  cinquefoils,  in  chief  a  lion  j)assant,  is  this  inscription  : — • 

Vana  salus  hominis.  Pietati  sacrum.  Siste  gradum,  Viator,  et  hoc  sepulcbrum  cerne,  et  quern  cepit 
comprehendere.  Gulielmus  Widuellus  *  Mc  jacet  mortuus,  antiqua  sobole  prognatus.  Theatrum  humilitatia 
itemque  scoena  squalida  virtutis  inest :  cliaritatem  sanguinis  liic  exuperavit  candoria,  probilatis  dotibus,  quern 
decimo  octavo  die  Novembris  mors  eripuit  immatura.     Denatus  a.d.  mdclxii. 

Desist  those  prophane  feet,  forbeare 

To  fowle  this  hallowed  marble,  where 

Lies  Vertue's,  Goodnes',  Honour's  heire. 

'Cause  the  world  not  worthy  him  to  have, 

The  great  Jehovah  shut  him  in  this  grave. 

Memorials  of  the  Farindon  family,  of  Battners,  in  this  parish,  are  numerous  from 
1730. 

On  a  white  marble  tablet  against  the  north  wall  in  the  chancel  is  the  following 
inscription  to  the  memory  of  Su*  James  Burrow : — 


Of  a  family  formerly  residing  at  Shaves,  in  Tandridge. 


LINGFIELD.  373 

Born  28th  Nov.  1701,  0.  S.  ]:>ic<l  Dili  Nov.  1782,  N.  S. 
Underneath  lie  the  remains  of  Sir  James  Buerow,  of  Starborough  Castle  in  this  parish,  knt. ;  many  years 
Fellow,  and  above  30  years  Vice  President,  and  twice  occasional  President,  of  the  Royal  Society ;  also  Fellow 
and  once  Vice-President  of  the  Antit^uarian  Society  of  London ;  and  honorary  member  of  the  Societe  dos 
Antiquitcs  de  Cassell ;  Master  of  the  Crown  Office,  and  Senior  Bencher  of  the  honourable  Society  of  the  Inner 
Temple.  Few  or  none  perhaps  have  passed  through  life  better  contented  willi  their  lot,  or  have  enjoyed  it  with 
more  satisfaction  and  thankfulness.  The  convivial  character  was  what  he  chielly  alTected,  as  it  was  his  constiint 
■wish  to  be  easy  and  cheerful  himself,  and  to  see  others  in  a  like  disposition. 

Amis: — Az.  three  fleurs-de-lis,  crm.;  between  the  two  upper,  a  mullet,  of  the  last. 

Amongst  numerous  tombs  and  gravestones  in  the  chureliyard  is  one  to  the  memory  of 
Frances,  relict  of  Charles  Howard,  Knt.,  of  East  Wick,  in  Great  Eookham,  and  daugliter 
of  Sir  George  Coiu'thop,  Knt.,  of  Whyly,  in  Sussex.  Also  some  to  the  Saxby  family, 
of  Lingfield,  in  this  county. 

There  is  a  good  vicarage-house,  with  about  7  acres  of  ground  attached,  in  a  corner  of 
which  the  house  stands,  and  the  rent  of  it  goes  to  make  up  the  vicar's  stipend.  The  vicar- 
age is  endowed  with  a  portion  of  the  great  tithes,  amounting  to  £35  per  annum,  together 
with  a  grant  from  Queen  Anne's  Bounty  of  £49  19s.  8d,  The  vicarage  and  villa  were 
built  about  thirty  years  ago  by  the  late  Thomas  Alcock,  Esq.  The  Eev.  Wilmot  Guy 
Bryan  is  patron. 

The  Eegisters  of  this  parish  are  in  a  good  state  of  prescrvatiun  :  the  baptisms  commence 
in  1559,  the  burials  and  marriages  in  loGl.  In  the  beginning  of  the  oldest  Eegistcr  are 
the  following  singular  lines  : — 

"  Dayes  of  marriage. 
Conjugium  Adventus  prohibet,  HUariquc  relaxat, 
Septuagena  vetat,  sed  Paschce  Octava  relaxat, 
Eogamen  vetitat,  concedit  Trina  potestas. 
Infoelix  multis,  fl/jra  est  mihi  Litera  fcelix  ; 

Si  Savarov  scribit,  scribit  et  ilia  Qtiv. 
Mors  tua,  mors  Christi,  Fraus  Mundi,  Gloria  Coeli, 

Et  Dolor  Inferni,  .^int  meditanda  tibi."  * 

The  recorded  donations  to  this  parish,  all  the  annual  produce  of  land,  and  all  by  will, 
are  as  follows  : — 

1627.  Henry  Smith,  Esq.,  for  the  relief  of  aged  poor  and  lai'ge  families,  £10. 

1659.  John  Hole,  Esq.,  for  the  relief  of  poor  people,  £i.  8s. 

1709.  William  Saxby,  Esq.,  for  ten  poor  people,  in  coats  and  gowns,  on  Good  Friday,  £10  10s. 

171G.  John  Piggot,  Esq.,  for  120  poor  people,  on  Good  Friday,  £2. 

The  only  foundation  for  a  school  in  Lingfield,  observe  Manning  and  Bray,f  consists  of 
an  annuity  of  £2  10s.  issuing  out  of  a  house  in  the  parish,  given  by  some  person  now 

*  Thy  death,  ye  death  of  Christ,  y"  world's  temptation, 
Heaven's  joy,  Hell's  torments  be  yy  meditation, 
t  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  357. 


374  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

unknown,  for  tlie  purpose  of  teaching  five  poor  cliiklreu  of  the  parish,  to  be  nominated  by 
the  minister,  churchwardens,  and  overseers.  There  are  now  two  schooh'ooms  at  Lingfield, 
one  for  boys,  and  the  other  for  girls  ;  also  a  school  in  each  of  the  two  hamlets,  Dorman's 
Land  and  Baldwyn  Hill.  The  school  at  the  last-named  place  was  built  through  the  eff'orts 
of  the  present  vicar.  The  population  of  the  parish  is  about  2,500,  and  its  area  about  16 
square  miles. 


OXTED,  OR  OXTEAD. 


This  parish  is  pleasantly  situated  below  the  chalk  hills  bordering  on  Woldingham  and 
Chelsham  on  the  north,  on  Limpsfield  and  Titsey  on  the  east,  on  Tandridge  and 
Crowhurst  on  the  south,  and  Tandridge  and  Godstone  on  the  west.  The  soil  to  the 
north  is  chalk ;  in  the  centre,  sand  or  sandy  loam ;  and  in  the  south,  clay,  forming 
nearly  equal  divisions,  and  running  from  east  to  west.  In  the  digging  of  wells  oyster- 
shells  of  large  size  are  frequently  found  at  a  depth  of  30  feet,  and  then  water  is 
obtained  in  abundance.  Here  is  some  of  the  best  u-rigated  meadow  land  in  the  county. 
The  parish  contains  3,659  acres,  and  is  of  the  ratable  value  of  £7,000. 

Barrow  Green,  in  Osted,  derives  its  name  from  a  large  barrow,  supposed  to  have  been 
tkrown  up  after  some  battle  with  the  Danes,  by  whom  this  part  of  the  country  Avas  much 
infested.  It  adjoins  the  old  Pilgrims'  Eoad.  A  spring  which  rises  at  Barrow  Green,  and 
another  to  the  north-east,  under  the  hill  at  Titsey,  meet  in  this  parish,  and  run  into  the 
Medway.     These  waters  are  celebrated  for  trout. 

In  the  Doomsday  Book  the  manor  is  thus  described: — "Earl  Eustace  (of  Bolognc) 
holds  Acstede,  which  Githa,  the  mother  of  Harold,  held  in  the  time  of  King  Edward.  It 
was  then  assessed  at  20  hides ;  now  at  5  hides.  The  arable  land  amounts  to  20  carucates. 
There  are  2  carucates  in  the  demesne  ;  and  thirty -five  villains,  with  18  carucates.  There 
are  two  mills,  valued  at  12s.  6d.,  and  4  acres  of  meadow.  The  wood  yields  one  hundred 
swine  for  pannage.  In  Southwark  is  one  messuage,  valued  at  2d. ;  and  six  bondmen, 
und  nine  bordars.  There  is  a  Church.  In  the  time  of  King  Edward  it  was  valued  at  £16  ; 
when  it  was  received,  at  £10 ;  at  present,  at  £14." 

The  parish  includes  five  manors,  or  reputed  manors,  namely,  those  of  Oxted,  Birstead, 
Broadhams,  Foyle,  and  Stoketts. 

The  Manor  of  Oxted. — In  the  reign  of  John  a  part  of  this  manor  was  held  of  the 
King  in  capite,  as  of  the  honour  of  Bologne,  by  the  service  of  two  knights'  fees,  by  Hugo 
de  IS'evill ;  and  a  certain  part  of  the  manor  was  held  of  the  same  honour,  and  by  the  same 


service,  from  the  Conquest  of  Euglancl,  by  Eolaud  do  Acstede.*  In  121  (i  King  John 
granted  to  Nevill  the  laud  of  Eoland,  probably  a  Avard  of  the  Crown,  for  he  afterwards  had 
possession  of  the  estate,  and  died  seized  of  it  in  12 10.  That  portion  of  Oxtcd  which  liad 
belonged  to  Hugo  de  Nevill  was  transferred  with  his  daughter  in  marriage  to  John  do 
Cobham,  of  Starborough,  in  Liugfield.  After  repeated  transfers  this  inheritance  devolved 
on  a  Mrs.  Master,  who  died  in  1807,  and  left  it  to  her  son,  the  Ecv.  Legh  lloskiu.s 
Master,"]"  to  whose  grandson,  Charles  lEoskins  Master,  Esq.,  it  now  belongs.  According 
to  a  survey  taken  in  19  Elizabeth,  the  manor  of  Oxted  contained  G05  acres,  besides  the 
commons  and  waste  grounds.  The  residence  of  C.  H.  Master,  Esq.,  the  lord  of  the  manor, 
is  Barrow  Green  House,  a  substantial  and  handsome  brick  mansion. 

The  manor  of  Birstead,  Bieested,  or  Buested,  anciently  belonged  to  the  priory  of 
Tandridge.  At  the  dissolution  it  was  granted  to  John  Ecde,  Esq.  After  a  rapid  succes- 
sion of  owners  it  was  eventually  purchased,  as  was  also  the  Hall  estate,  by  Sir  William 
Weller  Pcpys,  Bart.,  whose  grandson,  the  Earl  of  Cotteuham,  is  the  present  owner. 

The  manor  of  Beoadhams,  in  the  centre  of  the  parish,  anciently  belonged  to  the  Abbey 
of  Battle.  It  was  granted,  with  Limpsfield,  in  1539,  to  Sir  John  Gresham,J  from  whom 
it  descended  to  his  eldest  son  William  in  1557.  "  In  a  rental  of  Oxted,  in  1568,  William 
Gresham  is  said  to  hold  this  manor,  and  that  there  were  300  acres  in  demcsne."§  From 
him  it  passed,  with  the  Titsey  estate,  to  Sir  Mamaduke  Gresham  (son  of  Edward  Gresham), 
M.P.  for  East  Grinstead  in  1G60,  and  created  a  baronet  in  the  same  year.||  About  1800 
a  Mr.  Bryant  purchased  the  estate,  but  subsequently  surrendered  it  to  the  executors  of 
the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  who  had  a  mortgage  on  it,  and  from  them  it  was  purchased  by 
Colonel  Clayton.      After  his  death  it  was  sold  to  Edward  Kelsey,  Esq.,  the  present  owner. 

The  manor  of  Foyle  (Foyllye,  or  Fuyllyc)  was,  in  1362,  granted  by  John  de  Watosham 
to  Wm.  de  Staffhui-st,  two  of  whose  daughters,  Margaret  and  Catherine,  appear  to  have 

*  Testa  de  Xevill,  p.  225.  t  Manning  and  Bray,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  pp.  3S3 — 5. 

t  Sir  John  Gresham  was  descended  from  an  ancient  family  settled  in  Norfolk  so  for  back  as  the  time  of  Edward  III. 
He  was  the  third  son  of  John  Gresham,  of  Holt,  in  that  county,  by  Alice,  daughter  and  heiress  of  Andrew  Blyke.  He 
was  an  eminent  merchant  in  London.  His  elder  brother.  Sir  Eichard,  also  a  merchant,  was  the  father  of  Sir  Thomas 
Gresham,  who  built  the  Royal  Exchange  and  founded  Gresham  College.  Sir  John  was  Sheriff  of  London  in  1537,  and 
Lord  JIayor  in  1547,  in  both  of  which  offices  his  brother.  Sir  Eichard,  had  preceded  him  a  few  years.  He  died  in  1057 
seized  of  the  manors  of  Titse)',  Limpsfield,  Broadhams,  Oxted,  Warlingham  (with  the  rectory),  Sanderstead,  and  the  burgh 
of  Langhurst,  Eowholt,  and  Woldingham,  leaving  William  his  son  and  heir.  This  William  had  issue  two  sons,  William 
and  Thomas,  and  three  daughters  ;  and  by  will,  dated  1575,  he  devised  the  manors  of  Titsey  and  Limpsfield,  with  other 
estates,  to  his  wife  Beatrice  for  her  life,  with  remainder  to  his  younger  sou,  Thomas  Gresham,  to  whom  he  gave  estates 
in  Limpsfield  and  other  places.  AVilliam,  the  eldest  son  and  heir-at-law,  had  only  one  child,  named  Elizabeth.  By  deed, 
dated  1593,  he  ratified  the  will  of  his  father,  by  which  Titsey,  Limpsfield,  and  other  estates  were  given  to  his  younger 
brother  Thomas.  Elizabeth,  the  daughter  of  William,  died  without  issue.  Thomas,  her  uncle,  was  knighted,  and  Avas 
succeeded  by  his  son  John,  also  knighted,  who,  by  deed  dated  1630,  is  described  as  his  second  son,  though  no  elder  son  is 
named.     John  died  in  1643,  leaving  no  issue  ;  his  brother  Edward,  mentioned  as  his  third  son,  succeeded  to  his  estates. 

§   Vich  Manning  and  Bray's  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  387.  ||  Sec  the  account  of  Titsey. 


3)6  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

been  married  to  John  Marcliant  and  William  Marchant.  In  1401  the  said  John  Marchant 
granted  to  Stephen  At-Lee  and  Simon  Dane  all  such  lands  as  descended  to  him  on  the 
death  of  Dionysia  Parker,  his  mother,  and  such  lands  in  Okested  as  he  stood  possessed  of 
by  feoffment  in  Stalkynden.  In  1420  At-Lee  and  Dane  granted  to  Sir  John  Gaynsford 
and  others,  in  trust  for  him,  all  lands,  rents,  and  services,  &c.,  in  Okested  called  La  Foyle. 
In  1421  all  the  parties  except  Gaynsford  reconveyed  to  At-Lee;  and  two  years  afterwards 
Gaynsford  conveyed  to  him,  reserving  a  road  to  his  mill  at  Crowhiu'st  and  a  rent  of  22s. 
In  1G08  Thomas,  Earl  of  Dorset,  died  seized  of  the  manor  of  Toyle  in  Okested,  Godstone, 
Lingfield,  and  Tanrige.  It  afterwards  successively  belonged  to  Anthony  Farindon,  Esq., 
of  Lingfield ;  Thomas  Streatfield,  of  Stone  Hall,  in  Oxted ;  and  Mr.  Wells,  a  banker,  of 
Wigmore,  near  Bromley.  On  Mr.  Wells's  banki-uptcy  in  1841,  it  was  again  sold,  William 
Leveson-Gower,  Esq.,  of  Titsey,  being  the  piu'chaser. 

Of  the  manor,  or  reputed  manor,  of  Stoketts  little  appears  to  be  known.  In  1345  John 
Stoket  granted  land  to  Sir  Robert  Stangrave  and  Dame  Joan  his  wife,  lying  between  their 
wood  on  one  part,  and  the  Abbot  of  Battle's  land  on  the  other.  In  the  following  year 
"  Eoger  at  Stoket,  son  and  hcu-  of  John,  was  in  ward  to  the  lord  of  the  manor  of  Okested ; 
and  the  bailiff  charges,  as  paid  for  his  commons  going  to  school,  lOd.  a  week  for  30  weeks 
(seven  weeks  being  deducted  when  he  was  at  Sterborough),  and  lid.  paid  for  cloth  for  one 
pair  of  hose,  and  Id.  for  sewing,  and  lOd.  for  two  pair  of  shoes."  *  John  Stoket's  daughter 
and  heiress,  Dionesc,  left  three  daughters  and  coheiresses,  who  married  respectively  John 
Gens,  John  Ounsted,  and  William  Banastcr.  Banaster  appears  to  have  parted  with  his 
thii-d.  In  1577  William  Causten  held  one  third,  James  Gens  one  tliird  {i.e.  the  manor- 
hoiise  and  34  acres),  and  John  Ounsted  the  other  third.  Causten's  part  continued  in  his 
descendant,  William,  of  the  fourth  generation,  in  1690. t 

Stone  Hall,  a  seat  in  this  parish,  was  purchased  after  the  death  of  Col.  Clayton  by 
Edward  Kelsey,  Esq.,  above  mentioned. 

Oxted  is  a  rectory,  in  the  archdeaconry  of  Southwark  and  diocese  of  Eochester.  It 
was  rated  in  the  Yalor  of  Edward  I.  at  £16  Is.  4d. ;  in  the  Liber  Eegis  at  £24  6s.  O^d., 
paying  2s.  Id.  for  synodals,  and  6s.  8d.  for  procurations.     Patron,  C.  H,  Master,  Esq. 

Rectors  of  Oxted  in  and  since  1800  : — 

1. — Thomas  Thorp.     Instituted  in  1794. 
2._ir.  Master  Pync,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1827. 
Z.—Franl  Parnell,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1869. 

*  Manning  and  Bray,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  389. 

+  "  This  family  lias  been  long  here,  and  of  some  note  ever  since  the  Keformation."— Jdcvii,  p.  391. 


ox  TED.  377 

Oxted  Chiu'cli,  dedicated  to  tlie  Vii-gin  Mary,  is  situated  about  lialf  a  mile  from  the 
street  of  the  village,  on  the  top  of  one  of  those  beautiful  knolls  with  which  this  part  of  tho 
country  abounds.  It  is  built  of  stone,  with  a  tiled  roof,  having  at  the  west  end  a  large  low 
tower,  surmounted  by  a  turret  containing  five  bells.  It  has  a  nave,  chancel,  and  north 
and  south  aisles,  separated  from  the  nave  by  columns  supporting  three  obtuse-pointed  arches 
on  each  side.  Tradition  states  that  the  chancel  was  injured  by  lightning  a  little  previously 
to  1637,  which  date  over  the  east  window  records  a  restoration;  but  from  the  following 
entry,  copied  from  the  parish  Kegister,  the  chm-ch  appears  to  have  been  more  severely 
visited  in  1719  : — "  Oxted  church  and  chancel  was  burnt  by  a  groat  tempest  of  lightning 
July  17th,  1719.  The  fire  began  about  one  o'clock  in  the  morning,  in  the  top  of  the  spire, 
and  melted  the  five  bells." — "  The  present  five  bells  were  hung,  and  fii-st  rung  in  peal,  on 
the  5th  Nov.  1729  "     The  first,  second,  tliu-d,  and  foiu-th  bear  this  inscription : — 


The  fifth  is  thus  inscribed  :- 


RiCARDUs  Phelps  me  fecit,  1729  : 
Ab  Omni  Fulgure  defende  nos  Domine. 


Good  Folks  with  one  accord 
We  call  to  hear  God'a  Word 
We  honour  to  the  King 
Joy  to  Brides  do  sing 
We  Triumphs  loudly  tell 
And  Ring  your  last  Farewell. 


After  the  second  fire  a  wooden-framed  window  was  placed  in  the  chancel,  two  similar 
windows  in  the  south  aisle,  and  two  in  the  north  aisle.  The  cast  window  and  those  in  the 
north  aisle  were  taken  out  in  1838,  and  other  handsome  windows,  presented  to  the  chm-ch 
by  a  former  rector,  placed  in  their  stead.  At  the  same  time  C.  L.  H.  Master,  Esq., 
presented  one  for  the  south  aisle,  and  the  expense  of  another  was  defrayed  by  a  subscrip- 
tion of  the  parishioners. 

The  entrance  is  by  the  south  porch,  on  the  right  of  which  is  a  simdial,  re-erected  in 
1815.  The  pulpit  is  hexagonal,  and  of  plain  oak,  about  the  date  of  1720.  The  font  is  a 
small  square  stone  basin,  supported  by  a  cylindiical  pillar.  St.  Mary's  was  restored  in 
1853,  at  a  cost  of  £250,  and  the  interior  was  again  restored  in  1877. 

The  number  of  monuments  in  this  church,  particularly  of  the  Iloskius  family,  long 
lords  of  the  manor,  is  unusually  large.  At  the  west  end  of  the  south  aisle  is  a  plain 
marble  slab  thus  inscribed  : — 

Hie  jacet  Edjiundus  Hoskixs,  filius  secuudo-genitns  Caroli  Hoskins  de  Oxted  in  Comit.  Surria;,  armigcri; 
natus  est  xii"  Febiiiar.  an'o  salutis  mdcxxxiiiio,  mortuus  xo  denatus  xn"  Junii  mdclxxvio.  Non  sine  ingenti 
animi  mcerore  sensit  se  ab  irato  patre  quasi  exhajredatum ;  noluit  igitur  inter  familia;  cinerea  eepcliri  sed  hunc 
semotum  requiescendi  elegit  locum.     M.  H.  charissimo  conjugi  mcestissima  conjux.  F.  C. 

VOL.    III.  3   C 


378 


HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 


On  a  large  blue  gravestone  in  the  chancel  is  an  inscription  to  the  memory  of  Ann, 
wife  of  Charles  Hoskins,  Esq.,  who  died  in  1651.  Below: — "  Let  this  patterne  of  piety, 
mapp  of  misery,  mu-rovr  of  patience  here  rest." 

A  brass  plate,  with  the  figures  of  two  youths,  and  the  following  quaint  inscription  in 
capitals,  within  the  altar  rails,  is  now  partially  covered  : — 

Here  lyeth  enterred  the  body  of  Thomas  Hoskins,  Gent,  second  sonne  of  Sir  Thomas  Hoskins,  Knight,  who 
deceased  ye  10th  day  of  Aprill  Ao  D'ni  1611,  at  ye  age  of  5  yeares,  who  aboute  a  qnarter  of  an  houre  before  his 
departure  did  of  lumself,  without  any  instruction,  speak  thoi  wordes,  '  and  leade  us  not  into  temptation,  but 
deliver  us  from  all  eviU,'  being  the  last  wordes  he  spake. 

On  a  brass  plate  (now  partly  covered)  in  the  middle  of  the  chancel,  under  the  repre- 
sentation of  a  man  standing,  and  holding  his  hands  joined  in  prayer  : — 

gjic  jacct  Joh:»ttnc0  2»flf.  J)ai)ii6.im;jUctor  huj's  ccd'ic  qui  obiit.vijo  bic  nuus'<3luliianno  g'ni  mill'o  ccccxxbiii 
tMJtts  a'i't  p'jjifictttf  "^'s.    §liiicn. 

Another  brass  plate,  mentioned  by  Manning  and  Bray*  as  bearing  the  portraiture  of  a 
lady  standing  in  the  same  devout  posture,  has  been  removed,  or  it  is  covered.  Over  her, 
in  an  escutcheon,  were  the  cross,  nails,  pillar,  ladder,  and  other  instruments  of  Christ's 
passion,  and  beneath  were  two  children,  with  the  inscription  here  subjoined : — 

Orate  pro  anima  Johanke  Haseldenn,  que  obiit  xxjo  die  meiisis  Octobris  anno  Domini  miU'imo  cccc 
octoagesimo  cujus  anime  p'p'cietur  Deus.     Amen. 

On  the  north  wall  is  a  monument,  in  colours  much  faded,  representing,  under  an  arch, 
the  figm-es  of  a  man  in  a  gown  and  his  wife,  both  in  black,  and  praying  before  a  faldstool. 
Beneath  these  figui'es  are  ten  sons  and  seven  daughters  in  a  similar  posture,  and  over 
them,  in  capitals,  this  inscription  : — 

John  Aldersey,  haberdasher  and  merchant  venturer  of  London,  being  son  of  John  Alderisey  of  Bunbery 
in  ye  County  of  Chester,  gent.  dep.  ys  lyfe  ye  26  day  of  July  a."  1616,  being  of  the  age  of  75  years,  and  having 
lived  wti  liis  wife  Anna  in  the  holy  jEstate  of  matrimony  46  years,  and  had  issue  17  children. 

The  Eegister  of  this  parish  commences  in  1603  for  burials,  but  for  baptisms  and 
marriages  not  until  1613,  where  there  is  a  note  (signed,  "Daniel  Bellamy,  rector"), 
stating  that  the  marriages  had  occupied  four  leaves,  the  christenings  twenty-five  leaves,  and 
the  biu'ials  eighteen  leaves,  in  a  pre-existing  Eegister.  From  1613  downwards  the 
Eegister  is  perfect,  excepting  from  1683  to  1690,  and  from  1700  to  1704  inclusive.  These 
portions,  it  is  stated  in  the  Eegister,  were  lost  by  a  Mr.  Shepherd  (1681 — 1705).  The 
Eegister  contains  entries  of  several  marriages  performed  by  justices  of  the  peace  during  the 
Commonwealth.     In  an  inventory  of  goods  belonging  to  Oxted  Church  is  recorded  the 

*  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  390. 


TANDRIDGE.  jyq 

following  gift  of  the  Buchess  of  Devousliii-e,  who  appears  tu  have  resided  in  the  parish 
about  1750,  viz.  two  large  silver  flagons,  a  silver  cup  and  cover,  a  large  embossed  silver 
dish,  and  a  silver  plate. 

The  recorded  benefactions  to  the  poor  of  Oxtcd  arc  in  substance  as  follows  : — 

1627.     Henry  Smith,  Esq.,  £15  annually,  arising  from  the  rent  of  a  fanu  at  Worth,  in  Sussex. 

1786.  Mrs.  Jane  Linwood,  £100,  part  of  which  was  laid  out  in  the  purchase  of  j£10U  stock,  and  producing 
£3  annually. 

1794.     Mrs.  Jane  Piggott,  £150,  invested  in  the  3i  per  Cents.,  and  producing  £5  5s.  annually. 

1830.     Lady  Bensley,  by  wU],  £50,  the  whole  of  which  was  distributed  in  clothing  by  an  order  of  the  vestry. 

1834.  ilr.  William  Peter.?,  the  interest  of  £200  stock  in  the  3  per  Cents,,  producing  annually  £6,  to  be  distributed 
amongst  poor  resident  widows  not  receiving  parochial  relief. 

New  and  handsome  schools  have  been  recently  erected  in  this  parish. 


TANDRIDGE. 

This  parish  is  bounded  by  that  of  Godstoue  on  the  west  and  north-west,  by  Crowhui-st 
on  the  south,  and  by  Oxted  and  Limpsficld  on  the  north  and  east.  In  the  middle  of  the 
parish  the  land  is  sandy,  with  clay  on  the  north  and  south. 

Two  manors  here  arc  thus  described  in  the  Doomsday  Book : — "The  Wife  of  Salio 
holdes  of  Eichard  (de  Tonbridge)  the  manor  of  Tanrige^  which  Torberu  held  of  King 
Edward.  It  was  then  assessed  at  10  hides :  now,  at  2  hides.  There  are  10  carucates  of 
arable  land.  In  demesne  are  3  carucates  ;  and  there  are  twenty  villains,  and  ten  bordars, 
with  11  carucates.  There  is  a  mill,  at  50d. ;  and  8  acres  of  meadow.  The  wood  yields 
forty  hogs  for  pannage,  and  eleven  for  herbage.  In  the  time  of  King  Edward  it  was  valued 
at  £6  ;  afterwards,  at  40s. ;  and  noAV,  at  £11. 

"  The  "Wife  of  Salie  also  holds  of  Eichard,  TelUngdone.  Alnoth  held  it  of  King  Edward  ; 
and  it  was  then  assessed  at  10  hides ;  now,  at  1^  hides.  The  arable  land  amounts  to 
4  carucates.  In  the  demesne  are  2  carucates ;  and  five  villains  and  eight  bondmen,  with 
2^  carucates.  There  is  a  Chui'ch.  The  wood  yields  forty  hogs  for  pannage.  In 
the  time  of  King  Edward  it  was  valued  at  £1  ;  afterwards,  at  £2> ;  now,  at  £0,  yet  it 
yields  £7." 

Odo,  the  son  of  William  do  Bammartin,  appears  to  have  held  the  manor  of  Taudridge 
at  an  early  period  ;  and  in  the  Testa  de  Nevill  it  is  stated  that  Alicia  de  Bammartin  (pro- 
bably a  daughter  or  grand-daughter  of  Odo)  held  one  knight's  fee  in  Tanrugge,  of  the 
honour  of  Gloucester,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  III.  In  1315  the  estate  had  passed, 
apparently  by  marriage  with  the  heiress  of  Bammartin,  to  the  family  of  Warblentone,  in 


jgo  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

whicli  it  remained  vested  until  the  time  of  Edward  IV.  Sir  George  Putnam,  in  1509, 
held  his  courts  as  lord  of  the  manor,  which  was  afterwards  styled  Tandridge  Court,  to 
distinguish  it  fi'om  another  manor  in  the  parish  called  Tandridge  Priory. 

The  manor  of  Takdridge  Court  descended  fi-om  Sir  George  to  Eobert  Putnam,  who  in 
1543  suffered  a  recovery  of  this  manor,  with  300  acres  of  land,  50  of  meadow,  200  of 
pasture,  60  of  wood,  and  £4  rent.  After  intermediate  transfers  these  and  other  estates 
were  sold,  under  the  authority  of  an  Act  of  Parliament  passed  in  1766,  to  Sii-  Zem-ick 
Clayton,  whose  son  and  heir.  Sir  Eobert,  bequeathed  Tandridge  Court  to  his  cousin.  Sir 
William  Clayton,  who  held  it  in  1808,  but  afterwards  sold  it  to  Matthias  Wilks,  Esq. 
That  gentleman  erected  a  handsome  residence  on  the  estate,  but  left  the  old  court-house 
standing,  and  it  is  now  in  the  occupation  of  some  labourers.  Mr.  Wilks  subsequently 
disposed  of  the  property  to  Sir  William  Weller  Pepys,  Bart.,  whose  grandson,  the  Earl  of 
Cottenham,  now  resides  in  the  new  mansion. 

The  Manor  of  Northall,  or  Tandridge  Priory. — Odo  de  Dammartin,  who  held  the 
manor  of  Tanrige,  which  had  belonged  to  Eichard  de  Tonbridge,  supposed  to  have  been  the 
founder  of  the  hospital  or  priory  of  Tandridge,  endowed  that  institution  with  part  of  his 
estate  here,  which  subsequently  constituted  the  priory  manor.  It  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
King  on  the  suppression  of  the  monastery,  aud  was  given  to  John  Eede  ia  exchange  for 
Oatlands.*  John  Eede,  son  and  heir  of  the  preceding,  in  157G  conveyed  to  Eichard 
Bostock  his  manor  of  Tanrige  (alias  Northall)  and  Oxted,  &c.,  which  afterwards  passed 
to  the  family  of  Fuller,  and  was  bought  of  the  daughters  of  Serjeant  Fuller  by  Sir  William 
Clayton,  who  had  purchased  the  Tandridge  Court  estate  also.  The  subsequent  descent  of 
these  manors  to  Sir  Eobert  Clayton  has  been  abeady  noticed.  He  conveyed  during  his 
life  the  manor  (or  reputed  manor)  of  Northall,  with  the  priory  farm,  to  Mr.  Eobert  Gramme, 
the  son  of  his  steward,  as  a  reward  for  his  services.t 

TiLLiNGDON. — Though  at  the  time  of  the  Doomsday  survey  Tillingdon  was  a  manor 
which  included  about  one-half  of  the  parish,  it  has  long  since  been  divested  of  its  manorial 
attributes,  and  has  dwindled  to  a  single  farm.  It  appears  that  in  the  reign  of  Edward  I. 
Tillingdon  belonged  to  Thomas  de  Warblentone,  or  Warbleton,  who  also  held  Tandridge 
Coui't ;  and  he  sold  the  lands  and  tenements  of  TiUingdonne  to  Gilbert  de  Clare,  Earl  of 
Gloucester,  whose  ancestor,  Eichard  de  Tonbridge,  had  been  lord  of  the  fee. 

This  manor  descended,  with  the  estate  of  the  Earl  of  Gloucester  at  Bletchiugley,  to  the 
Earls  of  Stafford  ;  and  through  the  attainder  of  Edward  Stafford,  Duke  of  Buckingham,  in 

*  See  account  of  Oatlands,  in  Wey bridge,  vol.  ii.  p.  129  et  seq. 
+  See  p.  346  of  tlie  present  volume,  under  Godstone. 


TANDRIDGE.  381 

the  reign  of  Heni-y  YIII.,  it  escheated  to  the  Crown.  Temporary  grants  were  made  to 
Sir  Thomas  Cawardeu  and  other  persons  at  different  times ;  and  at  length,  in  the  time  of 
Charles  I.,  this  manor  formed  part  of  the  estate  of  George  Evelyn,  Esq.  Tillingdon 
afterwards  came  into  the  possession  of  Sir  John  Evelyn,  of  Godstone,  who,  by  will  dated 
in  1671,  devised  this  estate,  with  others,  to  one  Mary  Gittings,  by  whom  he  liad  a 
daughter,  not  born  in  wedlock.  This  woman  sold  the  property  to  Sir  Robert  Clayton  and 
John  Morris,  Esq. ;  and  Tillingdon  fell  to  the  share  of  the  former,  in  whose  descendant.  Sir 
"Wm.  Robert  Clayton,  the  present  baronet,  who  holds  nearly  the  whole  property  of  the 
parish,  it  still  remains. 

The  manor  of  Newlands  (or  l^ewland),  partly  in  this  parish,  and  partly  in  Crowhurst, 
Lingfield,  &c.,  was  formerly  included  among  the  estates  of  the  family  of  Gaynsford ;  and 
in  1554:  it  was  vested  in  John  Gaynsford,  an  idiot,  with  other  lands  and  tenements,  as 
mentioned  in  our  account  of  Crowhurst.*  In  1G08  Thomas  Thorp  died  seized  of  New- 
lands,  in  the  parish  of  Tandridge,  held  of  the  manor  of  Okested,  leaving  Eichard,  his  son 
and  heir,  a  minor. 

Tandridge  Hall. — The  mansion  thus  named,  having  been  included  in  the  grant  from 
Henry  VIII.  to  John  Eede,  was  sold  to  one  of  the  family  of  Haward,  and  in  IdtO  it  came 
into  the  hands  of  Sir  "WilHam  Haward,  whose  representatives,  in  ICSl,  sold  this,  with 
other  estates,  to  John  Burrough,  Esq.  After  other  transfers  it  was  purchased,  together 
with  the  manor  of  Garston  in  Bletchingley,  by  the  lady  of  Sir  Kenrick  Clayton,  and  in 
1808  it  belonged  to  Sir  William  Clayton,  Bart.  From  that  gentleman  it  was  piu-chased 
by  Joseph  Wilks,  Esq.,  who  converted  the  old  farmhouse  into  a  residence  for  himself. 
More  recently  it  underwent  a  thorough  repau- ;  many  of  the  rooms,  however,  are  ancient, 
and  appear  to  be  nearly  in  their  pristine  state.  One  apartment  is  wainscoted  throughout, 
over  its  carved  mantelpiece  is  the  date  1598,  and  on  each  side  are  the  initials  of  the 
Haward  family.  It  is  probable  that  this  mantelpiece,  which  is  of  a  handsome  character, 
formerly  ornamented  the  dining-room,  as  that  apartment  is  said  to  have  been  wainscoted 
previously  to  the  time  when  Mr.  Wilks  effected  his  alterations.  Mr.  Wilks  then  heightened 
the  dining-room,  and  is  believed  to  have  removed  the  panelling  to  a  bedi'oom  of  suitable 
proportions.  Fragments  of  carving,  similar  to  that  of  the  mantelpiece,  are  found  in  other 
parts  of  the  house, 

EooKSNEST,  a  handsome  mansion,  situated  in  a  well-wooded  park  of  about  140  acres  in 
extent,  at  the  base  of  the  chalk  hill,  anciently  belonged  to  the  priory  of  Tandridge.  It  was 
sold  by  John  Eede,  son  of  the  grantee  of  the  priory  estates,  to  Eichard  Bostock,  and  it 

*  See  ante,  p.  338. 


382  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

afterwards  belonged  to  the  family  of  KofFey,  Frequently  disposed  of  by  sale,  it  was  at 
length  purchased,  in  1817,  by  C.  H.  Turner,  Esq.,  whose  son,  Mr.  Francis  M.  H.  Turner,  is 
the  present  owner.  This  elegant  residence  adjoias  that  of  Flower,  in  the  adjoining  parish 
of  Godstone.* 

The  Peioky  of  Takdridge. — This  religious  institution,  at  first  a  hospital  for  three 
priests  and  several  poor  brethren,  was  afterwards  regarded  as  a  priory  of  Austin  Canons. 
It  is  uncertain  when  it  originated,  but  in  the  reign  of  Eichard  I.,  Odo  (or  Eudes),  son  of 
William  de  Dammartin,  became  a  considerable  benefactor  to  the  priory,  and  has  been 
generally  looked  upon  as  the  founder.  In  1352  Walter  de  Merstham,  parson  of  Limpsfield, 
had  license  to  alienate  lands  and  tenements  in  Tandi-idge  to  the  convent.  It  is  stated  in  a 
rescript  of  the  Bishop  of  Winchester,  in  1308,  that  the  rents  of  the  priory  were  hardly 
sufficient  for  the  support  of  the  officiating  ministers.  The  following  account  of  the  manors, 
lands,  tenements,  and  quit-rents  belonging  to  the  priory  of  Tandiidge  is  given  in  the 
Yaluation  of  Ecclesiastical  Property  by  the  King's  Commissioners  in  27  Hem-y  YIII.  : — 
Firm-rents  in  the  parish  of  Tandridge,  £47  3s.  l^d. ;  in  Oxted,  £11  12s.  3d. ;  in  Crow- 
hurst,  £8  ;  in  Godstone,  £3  18s.  4d. ;  in  Bletchingley,  £5  3s. ;  in  WarlLngham,  £4  13s.  4d. ; 
in  Chipsted,  IGs. ;  in  Hartfield,  Sussex,  £4  Is.  8d. ;  in  Chiddingstone,  Kent,  7s.  lOd. ;  and 
in  Long  Sutton,  Hants,  12s. ;  in  all,  £86  7s,  6|d.  Eeprisals  or  deductions,  £7  10s.  llf  d., 
leaving  a  clear  revenue  of  £78  16s.  6|d.f 

The  priory  was  situated  not  far  from  the  foot  of  the  chalk  hill,  at  a  spot  where  paving 
tiles  have  been  foimd,  but  the  conventual  buildings  have  long  since  been  destroyed.  What 
is  now  called  the  Priory  is  a  mansion  erected  near  the  site  of  the  ancient  religious  establish- 
ment. It  was  purchased  by  the  late  C.  JL.  Turner,  Esq.,  above  mentioned.  Joseph  Wilks, 
Esq.,  built  a  house  in  this  neighbom-hood,  to  which  he  gave  the  name  of  Southlands ;  it  now 
belongs  to  the  Earl  of  Cottenham. 

Tandridge  is  now  a  vicarage,  in  the  patronage  of  F.  M.  H.  Tm-ner,  Esq.  In  1576 
John  Eede  (mentioned  in  a  preceding  page)  conveyed  to  Eichard  Bostock,  Esq.,  with  the 
site  and  lands  of  the  priory,  the  site  of  the  then  late  church  and  churchyard  of  Tandridge, 
with  the  rectory  and  vicarage,  &c.  In  1603  Mr.  Bostock  settled  the  rectory  and  vicarage 
"  on  his  nephew,  Bostock  Fuller,  and  his  son  Edward,  directing  that  with  all  the  tithes 
belonging  to  this  Eectory,  except  of  certain  parts  there  mentioned,  there  should  be  for  ever 
maintained  a  godly  learned  Curate  or  Minister  to  serve  the  Cure  of  the  Eectory,  and  say 
Divine  service,  and  administer  the  sacraments  in  the  parish  church  of  Tandridge,  according 
to  the  laws  of  the  Chui-ch  of  England ;  and  to  teach  the  children  of  the  inhabitants  of 

*  See  under  Godstone,  p.  346.  t  Valor  Ecclesiasticus,  vol.  ii.  p.  68. 


TANDRIDGE.  383 

Tandi'idgc  and  Blccbiuglcy  gratis.  Unluckily  for  the  clergyman,  a  proviso  was  inserted 
that,  after  Mr.  Bostock's  death,  Mr.  Bostock  Fuller  might  revoke  the  uses  of  this  deed, 
and  declare  them  to  himself  in  fee,  a  poAvcr  which  Mr.  Fuller  did  not  forget  to  avail 
himself  of;  and  the  Clergyman  who  serves  the  Cure  receives  to  this  day  £16  only."  *  In 
1711,  Elizabeth,  Anne,  and  Letitia  Fuller,  spinsters,  conveyed  to  their  nephew,  Francis 
Fuller,  their  reversion  in  the  rectory,  and  the  tithes  of  certain  lands  in  Tandridge,  he 
covenanting  with  them  to  find  a  proper  person  to  serve  the  ciu'c  of  the  rectory,  and  to 
save  harmless  therefi-om  the  lauds  and  tithes  devised  by  Serjeant  Fuller  to  his  daughter 
Elizabeth. t  Subsequently  those  ladies  conveyed  their-  interest  to  Sir  "William  Clayton, 
from  whose  family  it  has  passed  to  that  of  the  Turners.  The  Ecgisters  commence  in 
1680. 

Curates  and  Vicars  of  Tandridge  in  and  since  1800  : — 

1. — John  Waters,  LL.B.     Appointed  in  1781. 

2. — Henry  Brozvn.     Appointed  in  1831. 

3. — Andrcio  Ramsay  GamphcU.     Appointed  in  1812. 

4. — TtoJ)ert  Hudson  Borradaile,  M.A.     Instituted  in  1865. 

The  church,  dedicated  to  St.  Peter,  occupies  an  elevated  site  in  the  manor  of  Tilling- 
don.  It  is  small,  built  with  stone,  mostly  covered  with  rough-cast.  K'car  the  west  end 
is  a  tower,  with  a  shingled  spii-e  and  tive  bells.  The  chui'ch  consists  of  nave,  chancel, 
and  north  transept,  built  in  1836  ;  a  south  aisle  was  added  in  1844  by  Mr.  C.  H.  Turner ; 
and  a  north  aisle  and  organ  chamber  were  built  in  1874,  under  the  superintendence  of  Sir 
Gilbert  Scott. 

Interiorly  the  chancel  is  separated  from  the  nave  by  a  semicii'cular  arch.  The  transept 
has  a  neat  pointed  window  in  three  compartments,  with  five  lights  at  the  top.  The 
east  window  is  small ;  there  is  also  a  small  window  at  the  west  end,  but  no  door.  On  the 
right  of  the  entrance  by  the  south  porch  is  a  piscina.  Over  the  vestry  fireplace  is  an  oak 
carving  from  Tandridge  Hall,  in  the  same  style  as  the  mantelpiece  noticed  in  that 
mansion.  It  is  in  thi-ee  compartments,  flowers,  scrolls,  &c.,  occupying  the  north  and  the 
centre,  and  the  south  what  appears  to  be  the  head  of  a  jester.  Its  age  is  probably  that 
of  the  mantelpiece — 1598.  Over  the  communion-table,  and  also  over  the  vestry  door, 
are  shields  of  arms  of  the  Bostock  and  Fuller  families.  The  font  is  octagonal,  plain, 
massive,  and  ancient.     The  church  was  restored  in  1851,  at  a  cost  of  £300. 

There  are  several  gravestones  in  the  floor,  memorials  of  the  Bostocks,  Fullers,  Wyatts, 

*  Manning  and  Bray,  "  Surrey,"  vol.  ii.  p.  376.  +  Id.  p.  377. 


384  HISTORY  OF  SURREY. 

Saxbys,  and  others,  but  no  brasses.  A  white  marble  tablet  commemorates  the  Rev.  John 
Waters,  nearly  fifty  years  minister  of  this  parish,  who  died  in  1833. 

At  the  east  end  is  a  range  of  four  ancient  table  tombs  for  the  Saxby  and  "Wyatt 
families.  One  of  them  is  for  Margaret  "Wyatt  Saxby,  of  Oxted,  spinster,  who  died  in 
1738 ;  another  for  the  second  and  third  wives  of  William  Wyatt,  of  whom  Ann  died  in 
1747,  and  Elizabeth  in  1775  ;  and  a  third  for  Margaret,  wife  of  William  Saxby,  Esq.,  of 
Penshurst,  and  for  himself,  who  died  in  1775. 

The  following  are  the  only  recorded  charitable  donations  to  this  parish  : — 

Henry  Smith,  Esq.,  by  will,  an  annual  rent-charge  of  £4  10s.,  to  be  distributed  in  linen  and  woollen  for  clothes. 
Mr.  David  Maynard,  by  will,  1789,  £3  annually  from  land,  to  send  poor  children  to  schooL 

Schools  were  erected  in  this  parish  in  1870,  at  a  cost  of  £1,070. 


INDEX  TO  VOL.  Ill, 


Adams,  Rev.  Eicbard  Leonard,  224 
Addington,  boundaries  and  soil,  249  ; 
antiquities    discovered,     ib. ;    early 
bistory,  ib. ;   descent  of  tbe  manor, 
250  ;  a  dainty  disb  to  set  before  a 
king,    ib.  ;     Addington  Park,   252  ; 
tbe   rectory,   vicarage,  and    cburcli, 
253  ;   vicars,  255  ;    Sbirley,  *. ;  St. 
Jobn's    Cburcli,    ib. ;    tbe    Ballards 
estate,  ib. ;  acreage,  ib. ;  Roman  en- 
campment, ib. 
Addiscombe,  237 
Alfartbing,  manor  of,  213 
AJlen,  Rev.  Josepb,  D.D.,  176 
Andrews,     Dr.     Lancelot,     Rector    of 

Cbeam,  302 
Angell  famUy,  tlie,  338 
Angell,  Jobn,  bequest  of,  107 
Antrobus,  tbe  family  of,  302 
Asbmole,  Elias,  burial-place  of,  74 
Astley's  Ampbitbeatre,  81 
Atkins,  Sir  Richard,  35 
Atkins-Bowyer,  Rev.  F.  W.,  34 
Atkins-Bow-j-er,  Rev.  W.  H.  W.,  34 

Balbam,  tbe  manor  of,  1G3 

Bancroft,  Arcbbisbop,  bis  bequest  of 
books  to  Lambetb  Palace  Library,  50  ; 
memorial  of,  72 

Baudon,  manor  of,  279 

Bannerman,  Jobn  Alexander,  Esq.,  332 

Barber,  Jobn,  a  distinguished  patriot, 
192 

Bardolf,  tbe  family  of,  251 

Baring,  Rev.  Charles,  360 

Barkley,  Ale.xander,  author  of  "  Tlie 
Ship  of  Fools,"  241 

Barnard,  Sir  John,  philanthropist,  192 

Barnes,  boundaries,  165  ;  extent  and 
nature  of  the  soil,  ib. ;  descent  of  tbe 
manor,  ib. ;  Barn  Elms,  166  ;  Jacob 
Tonson's  residence,  ib.;  a  battle- 
royal,  167  ;  tbe  Kit-Cat  Club,  ib. ; 
advowson,  ib. ;  the  parish  Regis- 
VOL.  Ill, 


ter,  168  ;  rectors  since  ISOO,  ib. ;  ex- 
tracts from  tbe  parish  Register,  ib. ; 
eminent  rectors,  ib. ;  Holy  Trinity 
district,  170  ;  the  village,  ib. ;  Ham- 
mersmith Suspension  Bridge,  ib. ; 
culture  of  cedars  of  Lebanon,  ib. 
Barnwell,  George,  traditional  connection 

of,  with  Camberwell,  25  j 

Battersea,  situation  and  boundaries, 
171  ;  etymology,  ib.;  the  manor  as 
described  in  Doomsday  Book,  ib.; 
grants  of  privileges,  172  ;  descent  of 
the  manor,  ib.  ;  Bolingbroke  House, 
173  ;  York  House,  174 ;  Price's  | 
Candle  Factory,  175 ;  the  Red  House,  ' 
ib. ;  Battersea  Park,  ib.  ;  Southwark 
and  Vauxball  AVater  Company,  ib.; 
Shaftesbury  Park  Estate,  ib.  ;  rectory 
and  vicarage,  ib. ;  the  parish  Register, 
176  ;  vicars  since  1800,  ib. ;  St.  JIary's 
Church,  ib.  ;  monimiieuts,  &c.,  177  ; 
St.  George's  Church,  178 ;  Christ 
Church,  ib. ;  St.  John's,  ib. ;  St. 
Saviour's,  ib.;  St.  Peter's,  ib.;  St. 
Philip's,  ib. ;  Anabaptist  chapel,  ib. ; 
Surrey  Mission  Society,  179  ;  foun- 
dation of  the  Bible  Society,  ib. ;  Na- 
tional Society's  Training  College,  ib.; 
Penge,  180;  Battersea  Bridge,  ib. ; 
Albert  Suspension  Bridge,  ib. ;  Bat- 
tersea Rise,  ib.;  Royal  Freemasons' 
Girls'  School,  181  ;  Clapham  Junc- 
tion, ib. 
Battersea,  manor  of,  212 
Bayle,  Robert,  Prior  of  IMerton,  184 
Beck,  Rev.  Edward  Josselyn,  153 
Beddington,  boundaries,  &c.,  274  ;  dis- 
covery of  Roman  antiquities,  ib. ; 
manor  of  Home-Beddington,  ib. ; 
manor  of  Beddington-Huscarle,  275  ; 
tbe  family  of  tbe  Carews,  276 ;  manor 
of '\Vallington,278  ;  manor  of  Bandon, 
279  ;  tbe  rectory,  280;  extract  from  the 
parish  Register,  i6. ;  rectors  since  1800, 
3  D 


281 ;  tbe  parish  church,  i7i.  ;  cbarilable 
bequests,  ib. ;  monuments  and  me- 
morials in  tbe  church,  282  ;  Bedding- 
ton  Park,  286  ;  the  mansion,  288  ; 
St.  Mary's  Ho.spital,  289  ;  the  hamlet 
of  Wallington,  *. ;  Holy  Trinity 
Church,  290  ;  schools  and  railway 
stations,  ih. ;  Beddington  and  Wal- 
lington Field  Gardens,  ib. 

Benbow,  Aclmiral,  birthplace  of,  155 

Benham,  Rev.  William,  255 

Bennett,  Rev.  AViEiam,  303 

Bernard,  Edward,  Rector  of  Cboam,  303 

Bigg,  Rev.  Lionel  Oliver,  340 

Biggin,  manor  of,  311 

Billeshurst,  manor  of,  367 

Birstead,  manor  of,  375 

Bishop  Bonner's  House,  Lambetb,  130 

Bissett,  Rev.  John  Collinson,  255 

Blackwall,  Rev.  .i\jitbony,  34 

Bletchingley,  situation,  boundaries, 
&c.,  324  ;  descent  of  tbe  manor,  325  ; 
manor  of  Garston,  327  ;  Pendell,  329 ; 
North  Park,  330  ;  Kentwajniea,  ib.  ; 
Ham,  ib. ;  Stangrave,  ib.;  Ivy  House, 
ih.;  Daferons,  or  Saferons,  t6. ;  mar- 
kets and  fairs,  331 ;  Parliamentary  re- 
presentation, ib. ;  tbe  advowson,  332 ; 
rectors  since  1800,  333;  the  parish 
church,  ib. ;  benefactions  to  tbe 
parish,  335  ;  schools  and  almshouses, 
ih. ;  the  Union  House,  ib. 

Blick,  Rev.  Edward,  153 

Blokesfield,  manor  of,  366 

Blimt,  Rev.  Henry,  ICl 

BoUand,  John,  Esq.,  332 

Bond,  Rev.  Charles  Frederick,  187 

Bond,  Rev.  Essex  Henry,  187 

Bori-adaile,  Rev.  Robert  Hudson,  383 
Borradaile,  Rev.  William,  D.D.,  215 
Bourke,  Hon.  and  Rev.  Geo.  'Wingfield, 

262 
Bowie,  Jobn,  Prior  of  Merton,  184 
Bowyer  family,  burial-place  of,  1 1 


VI  )K^ 


c  u  ^ 


386 


INDEX. 


Brady,  Dr.  Nicholas,  34 

Bridges,  Rev.  Alexander  Henry,  281 

Briggs,  Rev.  William  Tomkyns,  199 

Brixton,  hundred  of,  1 

Brixton,  Christ  Chnrch,  104;  Trinity 
Asylnm,  112  ;  St.  Matthew's  Church, 
*.;  St.  Jude's,  114;  St.  Saviour's, 
ib. ;  other  churches,  ib. ;  City  of  Lon- 
don Freemen's  Orphan  School,  ib. ; 
Convict  Prison,  ib. ;  St.  Ann's  So- 
ciety Schools  and  Asylum,  ib. 

Broadhams,  manor  of,  375 

Broadley,  Rev.  Robert,  211 

Brodrick,  Sir  Thomas,  monument  of, 
216 

Bromfield,  Rev.  George  H.  W.,  112 

Brown,  Rev.  Henry,  383 

Bro-\vns,  manor  of,  367 

Buchanan,  Rev.  Gilbert,  LL.D.,  272 

Buckmaster,  Rev.  John,  215 

Bullock,  Rev.  Richard,  D.D.,  161 

Bunchesham,  or  Bensham,  manor  of,  235 

Burdett,  Sir  Francis,  and  John  Paull, 
duel  fought  by,  228 

Burton,  Rev.  Hezekiah,  D.D.,  168 

Butcher,  Rev.  Robert  Holt,  LL.B.,  215 

Bysshe  Court,  maaor  of,  353 

Cfesar,  Sir  Julius,  312 

CamberweU,  parish  of,  1  ;  increase  of 
houses  and  population,  6  ;  advowson, 
&c.,7 ;  extracts  from  the  parish  Regis- 
ter, ib.  ;  rectors  in  and  since  1800,  9  ; 
St.  Giles's  Church,  ib.  ;  its  destruction 
by  fire,  ih.  ;  monuments,  ib. ;  burial- 
place  of  the  Muschamp  familj^,  ib. ; 
of  the  Scott  family,  10 ;  of  the  Bow- 
yer  family,  11  ;  the  church  rebuilt, 
12 ;  description  of  the  edifice,  ib.; 
the  churchyard,  14;  Free  Grammar 
School,  ib. ;  St.  George's  Church,  16  ; 
St.  George's  National  Schools,  ib.; 
Infant  School  and  Jlission  Rooms, 
17;  St.  Philip's  Church,  ib. ;  St. 
LiTke's  Church,  ih. ;  Christ  Chuich,*.; 
Roman  Catholic  Church,  ib.;  Licensed 
Victuallers'  Asylum,  ib. ;  Christ 
Chiuch  Schools,  18  ;  St.  Mary  Mag- 
dalene Church,  ih.;  Beeston's  Alms- 
houses, 19  ;  Nunhead  Cemetery,  ih.  ; 
Camberwell  Cemetery,  ib.;  Presby- 
terian Chiu-ch,  *.;  Hanover  Chapel, 
20 ;  Society  of  Friends'  Meeting- 
house, ih.;  Peckliam  Chapel,  ib.; 
Camden  Chapel,  ib.;  Peckham  House, 


ib. ;  Camberwell  House,  21  ;  Alms- 
houses of  the  GLrdlers'  Company, 
ih. ;  Peckham  Railway  Station,  ib.  ; 
Emmanuel  Church,  ih. ;  Bowyer 
House,  ib. ;  Mansion-House  Chapel, 
22  ;  British  Free  School,  ib. ;  Green- 
acre,  the  murderer,  ib. ;  St.  Paul's 
Church,  ib. ;  Heme  Hill,  23  ;  Casino 
House,  ib.;  Matthews,  the  Dul- 
wich  hermit,  ib.;  Denmark  Hill, 
24  ;  the  Fox-under-the-Hill,  ib. ; 
Champion  Lodge,  ih.;  Camberwell 
Grove,  ib. ;  Grove  Hill,  ib. ;  Dr.  J.  C. 
Lettsom,  ib.  ;  Camberwell  Collegiate 
School,  25  ;  George  Barnwell,  ib. ; 
Grove  Chapel,  26  ;  Aged  Pilgrims' 
Asylum,  ih. ;  Bethel  Asylum,  ib. ; 
Vestry  Hall,  ih. ;  Camberwell  Green, 
ih. ;  National  and  Green-coat  Schools, 
27  ;  residence  of  Sir  WiUiam  Bowyer, 
ib. ;  Albany  Chapel,  ih. ;  Friendly 
Female  Asylum,  ih. ;  Marlborough 
Chapel,  ih. ;  Literary  and  Scientific 
Institution,  ih. ;  Ladland's  (or  Prim- 
rose) Hill,  ih. 
Campbell,  Rev.  An^lrew  Rameay,  383 
Cardigan,  Earl  of,  and  Captain  Tuckett, 

duel  fought  by,  228 
Carew,  the  family  of,  276 
Carlisle  House,  Lambeth,  80 
Carshalton,    boundaries    and    acreage, 
291  ;    early  history,  ib.  ;   the  manor, 
ih. ;    Carshalton   Park,   293  ;    Stone 
Court,  ih. ;  Kymcrsley,  294  ;  Crosse- 
lands,   ib. ;    markets  and   ftxirs,  ih. ; 
Anne  Boleyn's  Well,  ib. ;  Carshalton 
House,  ib.;   the   Culvers,  295;    the 
advowson,   ih. ;    rectors  since    1800, 
ih. ;    the    parish    church,    ib. ;    the 
Registers,  298  ;  Dissenting  places  of 
worship,  ih. ;  Royal  Hospital  for  In- 
curables,   ib. ;    discovery  of  ancient 
weapons,  ih. 
Carver,  Rev.  A.  J.,  D.D.,  head  master 

of  Dulwich  College,  3 
Castlereagh,   Lord,    and   George    Can- 
ning, duel  fought  by,  197 
Cator,  Rev.  Charles,  295  I 

Cator,  Rev.  Wm.  Albemarle  B.,  295         ' 
Cavendish,  Hon.  Henry,  the  discoverer 

of  hydrogen  gas,  32 
Chaldon,    situation     and     boundaries, 
255  ;  stone  quarries,  256 ;  descent  of 
the  manor,  i6.;  manor  of  Tolsworth, 
ih. ;  manor  of  Willey,  ih.  ;    Stansted, 


257  ;  rectors  of  Chaldon  since  1800 
ih.;  the  parish  church,    ih.;  acreage 
and  nature  of  soil,  258 
Champion  Hill,  24 
Chandos,  Lord,  and  Col.  Henry  Comp- 

ton,  duel  fought  by,  197 
Charing  Cross  Bridge,  126 
CharleswortJi,  Rev.  Samuel,  360 
Chawner,  Rev.  Charles  Fox,  333 
Cheam,  boundaries  and  nature  of  the 
soil,  299;  early  history,  ih.;  descent 
of  the  manor  of  East  Cheam,  300 ; 
West  Cheam,  301 ;  Lower  Cheam,  ib.; 
North  Cheam  Park,  302  ;  the  bene- 
fice, *.;  rectors  since  1800,  303;  St. 
Dunstan's  Church,  ih.;   the  Lumley 
family,   304;    St.    Philip's    Church, 

307  ;  schools,  ih. ;  Parochial  Rooms, 

308  ;  WhitehaU  House,  ib. 
Chellows,  manor  of,  338 

Chichele,  Archbishop,  his  improvements 
of  Lambeth  Palace,  45 

Clapham,  27 ;  early  history  of,  28 ; 
descent  of  the  manor,  ib.;  Dr.  John 
Gauden,  30  ;  death  of  Samuel  Pepy.s, 
31  ;  boundaries  of  the  parish,  ih. ; 
acreage,  ih.;  Clapham  Common,  32 ; 
Cavendish  House,  ih.;  residence  of 
Zachary  JIacaulay,  33  ;  residence  of 
Lord  Teigumouth,  ib.;  Clapham 
Park,  ih. ;  advowson,  ib. ;  rectors,  34 ; 
the  old  parish  church,  ih. ;  St.  Paul's 
Church,  36  ;  the  new  parish  church, 
37;  St.  John's  Church,38;  St.Saviour's 
Church,  ih. ;  St.  James's  Chapel,  ih.  ; 
AU  Saints'  Church,  39  ;  St.  Stephen's, 
ib.;  schools,  16.;  British  Orphan  Asy- 
lum, ib. ;  Dissenting  chapels,  ih. ; 
Roman  Catholic  Church,  40  ;  local 
occurrences,  ih. 

Clapham  Junction  Station,  220 

Clarke,  Rev.  John  Erskiue,  176 

Claylands,  Kennington,  103 

Clewer,  Rev.  WiUiam,  D.D.,  242 

Cobham,  Lord,  364 

CockereU,  Charles,  Esq.,  332 

Colborne,  Nicholas  Wm.  Ridley,  Esq.. 
331 

Collinson,  Rev.  Septimus,  D.D.,  190 

Commercial  Docks,  150 

Congreve,  Rev  John,  211 

Copleston,  Rev.  Reginald  Edward,  168 

Copley,  Sir  Lionel,  331 

CornwaUis,  Archbishop,  memorial  of, 
72 


INDEX. 


3R7 


Coulsdon,  situation  and  boumlaries, 
259  ;  nature  of  the  soil,  ih.  ;  ancient 
remains,  ib.  ;  manor  of  Whattington, 
or  Waddon,  ib. ;  Coulsdon  Court, 
261 ;  Hooley  House,  261  ;  Wood 
Place,  ib. ;  Portnall's  Farm,  ib.  ; 
Kenley  House,  ib.;  Garston  Hall,  ib.  ; 
the  rectory  of  Coulsdon,  ib. ;  rectors 
since  1800,  20:2;  the  parish  church, 
ib. ;  parsonage  and  schools,  263 ; 
Eeedliam  Asylum  for  Fatherless  Chil- 
dren, ib. ;  Whattington  Chapel,  ib. 

Courtney,  Rev.  Joliu,  266 

Covelingley,  manor  of,  347 

Crane,  Sir  Francis,  tapestry  manufactory 
established  by,  194 

Cranmer,  Rev.  Richard,  LL.B.,  314 

Crawford,  Rev.  Charles  John,  D.D.,  272 

Croham,  manor  of,  235 

Cromwell,  Thomas,  Earl  of  Essex,  205 

Crowhurst,  boundaries,  &c.,  335 ; 
acreage  and  natme  of  soil,  336 ; 
descent  of  the  manor,  ib.  ;  manor  of 
Newlands,  337  ;  manor  of  Chellows, 
338 ;  Crowhurst  Place,  339  ;  the 
Moat  House,  340  ;  the  advowson,  ib.  ; 
vicars  since  1800,  ib. ;  the  parish 
church,  ib. ;  memorials  of  the  Gayns- 
ford  family,  341  ;  vicarage,  342  ;  an 
ancient  yew-tree,  ib. ;  benefactions 
to  the  parish,  343 

Croydon,  boundaries,  229  ;  extent  and 
nature  of  soil,  230  ;  antiquity  of,  ib. ; 
et)Tnology,  ih.;  historical  events, 
231  ;  manor  of  Croydon,  232  ;  Archi- 
episcopal  Palace,  ib. ;  Croydon  Park, 
or  Park  HUl,  234  ;  manor  of  Wad- 
don, ib. ;  manor  of  Bunchcsham, 
or  Bensham,  235 ;  manor  of  Cro- 
ham, ib. ;  manor  of  Halin^',  ib. ; 
manor  of  Norbury,  236;  Addiscombe, 
237  ;  Coombe  House,  238  ;  Shirley 
House,  ib. ;  the  rectory,  ih.  ;  ancient 
chantries,  239  ;  the  parish  church, 
ib. ;  its  destruction  by  fire,  240  ;  its 
restoration,  ib. ;  monuments,  ih. ; 
Alexander  Barkley,  author  of  the 
"  Sliip  of  Fools,"  241  ;  vicars  of 
Croydon,  242  ;  the  \icarage,  243  ; 
St.  James's  Church,  ih. ;  Holy  Trinity, 
ib.;  St.  Saviour's,  ih.;  St.  Luke's,  16.; 
St.  Mary  Magdalene,  ib.;  All  Saints', 
ih.;  St.  Peter's,  ih.;  St.  Andrew's, 
ih.;  Christ  Church,  ib.;  St.  John  the 
Evangelist,  ih. ;   St.  Paul's,  ih. ;   St. 


Matthew'.",  ih. ;  Dissenters'  meeting- 
houses, iJb. ;  St.  Mary's  Roman 
Catholic  Church,  244 ;  Meeting- 
house of  the  Society  of  Friends,  ih. ; 
Wliitgift's  Hospital,  ih. ;  Archbishop 
Tenison's  School,  246  ;  Ellis  Davy's 
Almshouse,  ib. ;  the  Little  Alms- 
houses, 247  ;  Royal  Masonic  Bene- 
volent Institution,  ib. ;  Croydon 
General  Hospital,  ih. ;  benefactions 
to  the  parish,  ib. ;  markets  and  fairs, 
ih. ;  population,  ih. ;  Town-hall,  ib. ; 
old  market-house,  248  ;  Union  Work- 
house, i6.;  barracks,  i6.;  canal,  i6.; 
railway  communication,  ib. ;  Literary 
and  Scientific  Institution,  249  ; 
theatre,  ib.  ;  baths,  &c.,  ih. 

Cupel's  Garden,  Lambeth,  78 

Curtis,  Sir  William,  332 

Dalton,  Rev.  Charles  Brown,  66 

De  Alkmuudbury,  Geoffrey,   Prior   of 

Merton,  184 
De  Ashe,  Gilbert,  Prior  of  Merton,  184 
Do  Basyng,  H.,  Prior  of  Merton,  184 
De  Bourne,  Giles,  Prior  of  Merton,  184 
De    Brokesbourne,   WOliam,   Prior    of 

Merton,  184 
De     Chaddesley,    Geoffrey,     Prior    of 

Merton,  184 
De  Coetlogon,  Rev.  Charles  Edwaid ,  349 
De  Gilling,  Ralph,  liior  of  Merton,  184 
De   GlanviUe,  Gilbert,  Bishop  of  Ro- 
chester, 66 
De  Guiffardiere,  Rev.  Charles,  134 
De  Herierd,  Edmund,  Prior  of  ilerton, 

184 
De  Hexham,  Robert,  Prior  of  Merton, 

184 
De  Kenton,  Thomas,  Prior  of  Merton, 

184 
DeLutlyngton,John,PriorofMerton,lS4 
De  Wyndesore,  Robert,  Prior  of  Merton, 

184 
Dealtry,  Rev.  WilUam,  D.D.,  34 
Dee,  Dr.  John,  philosopher  and  astro- 
loger, 194 
Delafosse,  Rev.  Daniel  Charles,  215 
Denmark  Hill,  24 

Devonshire,  Christiana,  Countess  of,  198 
D'Eyncourt,  Rt.  Hon.  Charles  Tenny- 
son, 132 
Dollond,   Peter,  an   eminent   optician, 

burial-place  of,  74 
Donne,  Dr.,  312 

3  D  2 


Dorman's  Laud,  367 

Doulton,  Frederick,  Esq.,  132 

Downc,  manor  of,  212 

D'Oyly,  Rev.  George,  D.D.,  66 

Ducarel,  Dr.,  Ill 

Dulwich,  the  Grammar  School  of  God's 
Gift  College,  1  ;  reconstitution  of  the 
foundation  of  the  College,  ib.;  revenue 
of  the  College,  iA.;  the  educational 
foundation,  2  ;  the  College  buildings 
described,  ib.;  new  scheme  for  the 
future  administration  of  the  endow- 
ment, 3 ;  the  Rev.  A.  J.  Carver,  D.D., 
head  master,  ib. ;  St.  Stephen's 
Church,  4  ;  St.  John's  Church,  ih. ; 
chapels  and  schools,  ib.  ;  Halchani 
manor,  ib.;  St.  James's  Church,  6 

Dunsfold,  manor  of,  213 

East  Sheen,  manor  of,  193 

Edelman,  Rev.  William,  187 

Eden,  Hon.  and  Rev.  Robert  John,  176 

Eden,  Rev.  Robert,  112 

Edwardes,  Hon.  Edward  Henry,  332 

EUerton,  Rev.  John,  169 

EUiston,  the  comedian,  burial-place  of, 

123 
Erck,  Rev.  John  Cuillurd,  187 
Eustachius,  Prior  of  Merton,  184 
Ewart,  William,  Esq.,  332 

Fai'rer,  Rev.  Matthew  Thomas,  255 

Featley,  Daniel,  Rector  of  Lambeth,  07 

Felcourt,  manor  of,  363 

Female  Orphan  Asylum,  87,  287 

Ferrers,  Rev.  John  Bromfield,  281 

Fisher,  Rev.  Edmund  Henry,  103 

Fisher,  Rev.  Harry  Charriugton,  257 

FLxsen,  Rev.  John  Frederick,  187 

Flack,  Rev.  George  Sutton,  211 

Flore,  346 

Ford,  manor  of,  300 

Foyle,  manor  of,  375 

Freeston,  William,  Prior  of  Merton,  184 

Fry,  Rev.  James,  309 

Fuller,  Rev.  Robert  Fitzherbert,  340, 369 

Furneaux,  Dr.  Philip,  40 

Gardener,  Rev.  Charles,  D.D.,  321 
Gardner,  Rev.  John,  176 
Garrett,  the  hamlet  of,  218 
Garston,  the  manor  of,  327 
Gataker,  Rev.  Charles,  153 
Gataker,  Rev.  Thomas,  B.D.,  153 
Gauden,  Dr.  Jolui,  30 


388 


Gibbon,  Edward,  the  historian,  206 
Gibson,  Dr.  Edmund,  Eector  of  Lam- 
beth, 68 
GHdable,  367 

Giles,  Rev.  John  Allen,  321 
Gilpin,  Rev.  WilHam,  308 
Gisburne,  John,  Prior  of  Merton,  184 
Godstone,    boundaries    and    nature   of 
the  soil,  343  ;   the  village,  ib. ;  bar- 
rows, or  tumuli,  344  ;  remains  of  an 
ancient     fortification,    ib. ;     mineral 
spring,  ib. ;   descent   of  the   manor, 
345  ;  Flore,  or  Flower,  346  ;  manor 
of  Norbrith,  347  ;  manors  of  Hedge 
Court  and  Covelingley,iJ.;  Fel bridge 
House,  ib. ;  St.  John's  Church,  348  ; 
Harden  Park,  ib. ;  Leigh  (or  Lee)  Place, 
ib.;  Tilburstow   Lodge,  ib. ;  advow- 
son,  ib. ;  ^dcars  since  1800,  349  ;  St. 
Nicholas  Church,  ib.  ;  monuments  of 
the  Evelyn  family,  ib. ;  the  vicarage- 
house,  351 ;  benefactions  to  the  parish, 
ib. ;   schools,    352  ;    Blindley  Heath 
Chiirch,  ib. 
Gomm,  Sir  William,  156 
Goodricke,  Rev.  Henry,  B.D.,  262 
Greaves,  Rev.  Richard  WUson,  211 
Gregory,  Nicholas,  Prior  of  Merton,  184 
Gregory,  Rev.  Robert,  112 
Gresham,  Sir  John,  375 
Grinday,  Rev.  John,  LL.D.,  355 
Grove  Hill,  Camberwell,  24 

Hacket,  Dr.  John,  Rector  of  Cheam,  303 

Haling,  manor  of,  235 

Hamilton,  Rev.  Charles  Hans,  355 

Hamilton,  Rev.  James,  281 

Hammersmith  Su.spension  Bridge,  170 

Hardyknute,  death  of,  41 

Hare,  Rev.  Francis,  D.D.,  168 

Harrison,  Rev.  Lawrence  John,  191 

Harwardesley,  354 

Hatch,  Rev.  Giles,  321 

Hatch,  Rev.  Henry,  321 

Hatcham,  manor  of,  4 

Hawes,  Benjamin,  Esq.,  132 

Haygarth,  Rev.  Henry  William,  224 

Heath,  Lord  Chief  Justice,  358 

Heathcote,  Thomas,  Esq.,  332 

Hedge  Coiu-t,  manor  of,  347 

Henley,  Hon.  and  Rev.  Robert,  199 

Henry,  Bishop  of  Joppa,  66 

Heme  Hill,  22 

Herring,  Thomas,  D.D.,  332 

Hewett,  Rev.  John  Short,  153 


Hill,  Rev.  Herbert,  161 
Hoadly,  Dr.  Benjamin,  161 
Hoare,  Rev.  George  Tooker,  349 
Hoare,  Veu.  Charles  James,  349 
Hobhouse,  Benjamin,  Esq.,  331 
Hodgson,  Rev.  John  George,  242 
Hookwood,  358 
Hooper,  Dr.  George,  Rector  of  Lambeth, 

Home,  situation,  boundaries,  &c.,  352  ; 
nature  of  the  soil,  ib.  ;  descent  of  the 
manor,  353  ;  manor  of  Bysslie  Court, 
ib. ;  Home  Park,  354  ;  Hai'wardesley, 
ib. ;  rectors  of  Home  since  1800,  355  ; 
the  parish  church,  ib. ;  monuments  to 
the  Hope  family,  356  ;  schools,  357 

Home,  Sir  William,  332 

Hughes,  Rev.  Thomas,  199 

Hughes,  Thomas,  Esq.,  132 

Hume,  Rev.  .John,  D.D.,  169 

Hungerford  and  Lambeth  Suspension 
Bridge,  126 

Hutton,  Archbishop,  memorial  of,  72 

Hutton,  Rev.  Thomas  Pabner,  369 

Ireland,  Rev.  John,  D.D.,  242 

James,  Rev.  Edward,  190 
Jeffreys,  Rev.  John,  168 
Jenkinson,  Rev.  James  S.,  176 
Jones,  Rev.  Edward  Rhys,  360 

Kennington,  manor  of,  97  ;  mummeries 
and  state  pageants,  98  ;  the  manor 
settled  on  Henry,  Prince  of  Wales,  by 
James  I.,  99  ;  the  old  manor-house, 
ib. ;  Kennington  Palace,  100  ;  Vaux- 
haU  Chapel,  ii. ;  St.  Peter's  Church, 
ib.;  Carlisle  Congregational  Chapel, 
ib.  ;  South  London  Water  Works,  ib.  ; 
Licensed  Victuallers'  School,  ib. ; 
Vestry  HaU,  101  ;  Verulam  Chapel, 
ib. ;  St.  Philip's  Church,  ib. ;  Ken- 
nington Park,  ib.  ;  the  Horns  Tavern, 
102  ;  St.  Mark's  Church,  ib. ;  St. 
Mark's  Schools,  103  ;  the  Church  of 
St.  John  the  Divine,  ib. ;  St.  James's 
Church,  ib.;  the  Church  of  St.  Agnes, 
ib. ;  Clay  lands,  ib. ;  Cojaped  or  Copt 
Hall,  104  ;  Parochial  Schools,  ib. ; 
Cluist  Church,  Brixton,  ib.;  the  Hol- 
land estate,  105 
Kenrick,  Rev.  Jarvis,  333 

I   Kenrick,  Rev.  Matthew,  LL.D.,  333 

I  Kenrick,  William,  Esq.,  332 


Kent,  William,  Prior  of  Merton,  184 
Kentwaynes,  330 

Kingston,  John,  Prior  of  Merton,  184 
Knight's  HiU,  Streatham,  160 
Knollys,  Rev.  Erskine  William,  255 
K3Tnpton,   Michael,   Prior  of  Merton, 
184 

Lacy,  John,  Prior  of  Merton,  184 
Lamb,  Right  Hon.  William,  332 
Lambeth,  41  ;  its  etymology,  ih. ; 
boundaries  and  subdivisions,  ib. ; 
nature  of  the  soil,  ib. ;  early  liistory, 
ib. ;  notice  of,  in  Doomsday  Book, 
42  ;  manor  of,  ib.  ;  grant  of  a  market 
and  fair,  43  ;  the  manor  held  by  the 
Archbishops  of  Canterbury,  44  ;  the 
Archiepiscopal  Palace,  ib. ;  earliest 
Register,  45  ;  Wat  Tyler's  insurrec- 
tion, ib. ;  Archbishop  Chichele's  im- 
provements of  the  palace,  ib. ;  Car- 
dinal Morton's  repairs  and  renova- 
tions, ib. ;  Archbishop  Laud  repairs 
the  windows,  ib. ;  other  repairs  and 
embellishments,  46  ;  Col.  Thomas 
Scot's  depredation  in  the  palace,  ib.  ; 
the  gatehouse,  47  ;  the  library,  48  ; 
rare  and  curious  books,  51  ;  cata- 
logues, 52  ;  manuscripts,  53  ;  libra- 
rians, 56  ;  the  Lollards'  Tower,  57 ; 
the  post-room,  ib. ;  the  chapel,  58  ; 
desecration  of  Archbishop  Parker's 
tomb,  59  ;  the  crypt,  60  ;  the  quad- 
rangle, ib. ;  the  private  liljrary  and 
sitting-room,  ib. ;  the  great  dining- 
room,  ib. ;  list  of  portraits,  62  ;  the 
picture  gallery,  ib. ;  important  events 
enacted  at  Lambeth  Palace,  64  ;  the 
Pan- Anglican  Synod,  65  ;  Arch- 
bishops who  have  died  at  Lambeth 
Palace,  ib. ;  rectory  and  advowson  of 
Lambeth,  66  ;  rectors  since  1800,  ib. ; 
the  parish  church,  69  ;  Pedlar's  Acre, 
70  ;  tombs  and  monuments,  71  ;  the 
Howard  Chapel,  73 ;  the  Leigh 
Chapel,  74  ;  burial-place  of  EUas 
Ashmole,  ih. ;  burial-place  of  Peter 
DoUond,  ib. ;  tomb  of  the  Trades- 
cants,  ib. ;  Tradescant's  museum,  75  ; 
altars  in  the  old  parish  church,  76  ; 
the  Guild  of  St.  Christopher,  ib.  ;  the 
"  boy-bishop,"  ib.;  extracts  from  the 
parish  Register,  ib.;  residence  of 
Arthur  Moore,  original  author  of 
"  Moore's  Almanack,"  77  ;    Norfolk 


^-0'  ^'  -^A-  ^ 


K  rL.  G-^ 


INDEX. 


389 


House,  77 ;  Cuper's  Garden,  78 ; 
Carlisle  House,  80  ;  Astley's  Amphi- 
theatre, 81  ;  Westminster  Bridge, 
84;  St.  Thomas's  Hospitiil,  85; 
Asylum  for  Female  Orphans,  87 ; 
Christ  Church,  Westminster  Bridge 
Eoad,  *. ;  Hawkstone  Hall,  88  ;  St. 
Thomas's  Church,  ib.;  the  Canter- 
bury Hall,  ib. ;  the  Bower  Saloon, 
ib.  ;  manor  of  Faukes-hall,  or  Vaux- 
hall,  ib. ;  Vauxhall  Gardens,  89  ; 
Lambeth  School  of  Art,  9G  ;  Vaux- 
hall  Bridge,  ib.;  manor  of  Kenning- 
ton,  97;  manor  of  Stockwell,  or 
South  Lambeth,  105  ;  the  Angell 
estate,  107  ;  Stockwell  Green,  108  ; 
the  Stockwell  ghost,  ib. ;  eminent 
residents  in  South  Lambeth,  110  ; 
St.  Stephen's  Church,  111  ;  AH 
Saints'  Church,  ib.  ;  St.  Ann's  Church, 
112;  St.  Mary  the  Less,  ib. ;  Lam- 
beth Workhouse,  ib.;  Trinity  Asylum, 
ib.  ;  St.  Matthew's  Church,  Brixton, 
ib.;  St.  Jude's,  114;  St.  Saviour's, 
ib.;  St.  Paul's,  ib.;  St.  Catherine's, 
ib.;  St.  John's,  ib.;  Holy  Trinity, 
ib. ;  City  of  London  Freemen's  Or- 
phan School,  ib.;  Convict  Prison,  ib.; 
St.  Ann's  Society  Schools  and  Asylum, 
*.;  St.  Paul's  Church,  115  ;  Brock- 
well  Hall,  ib. ;  St.  Luke's  District, 
Norwood,  ib. ;  Lambeth  Water 
Works,  118  ;  Industrial  Institution 
for  the  Infant  Poor  of  Lambeth,  121  ; 
St.  John's  District,  AVaterloo  Road, 
ib. ;  boundaries  of  the  district,  ib.; 
former  condition  of  the  locality,  ib. ; 
St.  John's  Church,  122  ;  bm-ial-place 
of  Elliston,  the  comedian,  123  ;  Na- 
tional Schools,  ib.;  the  Old  Half- 
penny Hatch,  ib. ;  Zion  Chapel,  ib.  ; 
New  Jerusalem  Temple,  ib. ;  South- 
western Railway,  ib. ;  Royal  Universal 
Infirmary  for  Cliildren  and  Women, 
ib, ;  Waterloo  Bridge,  124 ;  Hungerford 
and  Lambeth  Suspension  Bridge,  126 ; 
its  removal  to  Clifton,  Bristol,  ib. ; 
Chariiig  Cross  Railway  Bridge,  ib. ; 
Lambeth  Water  Works,  127  ;  Narrow 
Wall,  ib. ;  Belvidere  House  and  Gar- 
dens, ib. ;  manufactory  of  artificial 
stone,  or  teiTa-cotta,  128  ;  Stamford 
Street  Unitarian  Chapel,  ib. ;  Schools 
of  the  Benevolent  Society  of  St.  Pa- 
trick, ib.;  General  Lying-in  Hospital, 


ib.;     York     Road      Congregational 
Chapel,  129  ;  AH  Saints'  Churdi,  ib.; 
National  and   Infiuit  Schools,  130  ; 
Bishop   Bonner's  house,  ib. ;    Royal 
Cobourg,  now  the  Victoria,  Theatre, 
ib.;  apprehension  of  Colonel  Despard 
and  others  for  high  treason,  131  ;  tlie 
Temple  of  Flora,  ib. ;  Apollo  Gardens, 
ib. ;    Lambeth   WeUs,    ib. ;    Parlia- 
mentary representation  of  Lambeth, 
132 
Lancaster,  Rev.  Thomas,  187 
Lane,  Rev.  Charlton,  103,  112 
Laud,  Archbishop,  repairs  the  windows 

of  Lambeth  Palace,  45 
Lawrence,  Sir  James  Clarke,  132 
Leake,  Admiral  Sir  John,  154 
Lee  Boo,  Prince,  tomb  of,  154 
Legrew,  Rev.  James,  257 
Leigham's  Court,  manor  of,  159 
Leng,  Rev.  John,  D.D.,  281 
Lettsom,  Dr.  John  Coakley,  24 
Leveson-Gower,  Rt.  Hon.  Lord  Francis, 

332 
Limpsfield,  situation,  boundaries,  and 
soil,  357  ;  descent  of  the  manor,  ib. ; 
Hookwood,  358 ;  Tenchleys,  ib.; 
Stockenden,  or  Storkenden,  359  ; 
Trevereux,  ib. ;  the  Bower,  ib. ; 
Detillens,  *.;  New  Hall,  ib. ;  the 
benefice,  ib. ;  rectors  since  1800,  ib.  ; 
the  parish  church,  360  ;  the  Registers, 
361  ;  schools,  ib. 
Lindsay,  Rev.  Henry,  224,  242 
Lingfield,  situation,  361  ;  boundaries 
and  soU,  362  ;  commons,  ib. ;  St. 
Peter's  Cross,  ib. ;  Chapel  Field,  ib. ; 
fairs,  ib. ;  discontinuance  of  old  cus- 
toms, ib.  ;  descent  of  the  manor,  363 ; 
manor  of  Felcourt,  ib.  ;  manor  of 
Starborough,  ib.  ;  manor  of  Padinden, 
365  ;  manor  of  Blokesfield,  or  Shovel- 
strode,  366  ;  manor  of  Ford,  or  La 
Ford,  ib. ;  New  Place,  ib.;  manor  of 
Browns,  367 ;  manor  of  Shefiield, 
ib. ;  manor  of  Billeshurst,  ib. ;  Gild- 
able,  ib. ;  Apsleytown,  ib. ;  Dorman's 
Laud,  ib. ;  seats  in  the  parish,  ib.  ; 
Lingfield  College,  368 ;  the  benefice 
of  Lingfield,  369  ;  curates  and  vicars 
since  1800,  ib. ;  the  parish  churcli, 
ib. ;  the  vicarage,  373  ;  the  RegLsters, 
ib. ;  donations  to  the  parish,  ib. ; 
schools,  374 
Lingham,  Rev.  John  Feuliman,  06 


Lister,  Dr.,  36 

Lloyd,  Rev.  Henry  Robert,  103 
Lockwood,  Rev.  John  Cutis,  242,  262 
LondondeiTy,  Marquis   of,  and  Henry 

Grattan,  duel  fought  by,  228 
Long,  Rev.  C.  Maitland,  272 
Lowman,  Rev.  Moses,  40 
Lumley  family,  the,  304 

M' Arthur,  William,  Esq.,  132 
Macaulay,  Zachary,  residence  of,  33 
M'Kinstrey,  Rev.  William,  340,  369 
Maclagan,    Rev.    William    Dalrymple, 

134 
Mauley,  Rev.  John  T.,  191 
Mapleton,   Rev.  James  Henry,  LL.B., 

314 
Marsden,  Rev.  John  Buxton,  211 
Marsh,  Rev.  William,  D.D.,  281 
Master,  Rev.  Lcgh  Hoskins,  359 
Matthews,  the  Dulwich  hermit,  23 
Maule,  Rev.  Thomas  Carteret,  303 
Mayne,  Rev.  Robert,  359 
Meakin,  Rev.  James,  199 
Medd,  Rev.  Peter  Goldsmith,  169 
MelvUl,  Rev.  Henry,  B.D.,  169 
Merton,  derivation  of  name,  181 ;  early 
history,  ib. ;  description  of  manor  in 
Doomsday  Book,  182  ;  descent  of  the 
manor,  ih. ;   the  priory,  183  ;    chro- 
nicles of  Merton  Abbey,  184 ;  char- 
ters, ih. ;  Priors  of  Merton,  ib. ;  ar- 
morial bearings  of  the  priory,  185  ; 
possessions  of  the  priory,  ib. ;  Messrs. 
Littlers  woollen  printing  works,  186  ; 
rectory  and  advowson,  ib. ;   incum- 
bents since  1799,  187 ;   St.  Mary'a 
Church,  ib. ;  National  Schools,  188  ; 
Merton  Place,  or  Grove,   ib. ;   Lord 
Nelson  and  Lady  Hamilton,  ib. 
Mills,  Robert  Williara,  Esq.,  332 
Milnes,  James,  Esq.,  331 
Mitcham,  boundaries  and  nature  of  the 
soil,  309  ;    description  of   manor  in 
Doomsday  Book,  I'i.;  manorof  Michel- 
ham   and   Witford,  310  ;    manor    of 
Biggin  and  Tamworth,  311  ;  manorof 
Ravensbury,  ib. ;  Figge's  Marsh,  312  ; 
residents  of  distinction,  ib. ;  Mitcham 
Grove,  313 ;  an  ancient  house,  ib. ;  the 
benefice,  ib. ;  the  Registers,  ib. ;  vicars 
since  1800,  314;   the  parish  chiirch, 
ih. ;  Christ  Church,  315  ;  benefactions 
to  tlie  pari.sli,  316  ;   workhouse  and 
schools,  ib. ;  almshouses,  ib. 


390 


INDEX. 


"  Moore's  Almanack,"  residence  of  the 
original  autlior  of,  77 

Mordon,  or  Morden,  boundaries  and 
nature  of  the  soil,  316  ;  descent  of  the 
manor,  317  ;  the  Spital,  ib. ;  Mordon 
Park,  318;  advowson,  ib. ;  rectors 
since  1800,  i6.;  the  parish  church,  i6.; 
benefactions  to  the  parish,  319  ;  the 
Free  School,  ib. ;  Sunday  school, 
320  ;  the  poor-house,  ib. 

Mortlake,  boundaries  and  soil,  188  ; 
early  history  of  the  manor,  189 ;  de- 
scent of  the  manor,  190  ;  the  living, 
ib. ;  parish  Registers,  ib. ;  perpetual 
curates,  ib.;  the  parish  chuixh,  191  ; 
Henry  Addington,  Viscount  Sid- 
mouth,  ib. ;  Sir  John  Barnard,  phi- 
lanthropist, 192  ;  John  Barber,  a  dis- 
tinguished patriot,  ib. ;  Christ  Church, 
193  ;  National  and  Board  Schools,  ib.; 
charities,  ib. ;  Cromwell  House,  ib. ; 
manor  of  East  Sheen  and  AVest  HaU, 
ib. ;  right  of  way  through  Richmond 
Park,  ib. ;  White  Lodge,  residence  of 
the  Prince  of  Teck,  194  ;  establish- 
ment of  a  tapestry  manufactory,  ib. ; 
Sir  Francis  Crane,  ib. ;  Dr.  John  Dee, 
ib. ;  John  Partridge,  astrologer,  195 

Morton,  Cardinal,  his  repairs  and  reno- 
vations of  Lambetli  Palace,  45 

Mountain,  Dr.  George,  Rector  of  Cheam, 
303 

Muschamp  familj-,  burial-place  of,  9 

Myddleton,  Rev.  Robert,  D.D.,  153 

Myers,  Rev.  Streynsham  Derbyshire, 
314 

Nelson,  Lord,  residence  of,  at  Slerton, 
188 

Newington,  or  Newington  Butts,  132  ; 
boundaries  of  the  parish,  ib. ;  its  ety- 
mology, 133  ;  the  manor  of  Walworth, 
ib. ;  the  advowson,  134  ;  rectors  of 
Newington  since  1800,  ib. ;  the  old 
Church  of  St.  Mary's,  ib. ;  its  demoli- 
tion, ib. ;  the  new  church,  135  ;  St. 
Gabriel's,  ib. ;  monuments  in  the  old 
chiirch,  ih. ;  the  churchyard,  136  ; 
extracts  from  the  parish  Register,  ib. ; 
the  old  parsonage-house,  ib. ;  the  new 
rectory,  ib. ;  United  National  Charity 
and  Sunday  Schools,  ib. ;  Board 
Schools,  137  ;  remains  of  Cnut's 
trench,  ib. ;  Drapers'  Almshouses, 
ib. ;    Fishmongers'   Almshouses,  ib. ; 


the  Metropolitan  Tabernacle,  ib. ; 
Horsemonger  Lane  Gaol  and  Surrey 
Sessions  House,  ib. ;  singular  dona- 
tion for  debtors,  138  ;  the  White  Lion 
Prison,  ib. ;  Trinity  Church,  ib. ;  AU 
Saints'  Church,  139  ;  St.  Andrew's, 
*. ;  St.  Gabriel's,  ib. ;  St.  Matthew's, 
*.;  St.  Peter's,  ib.;  All  Souls',  140 ;  St. 
John's,  ib. ;  St.  Mark's,  ib. ;  St.  Paul's, 
ib.  ;  St.  Stephen's,  ib. ;  Lock's  Fields, 
ib. ;  the  Surrey  Gardens,  ib.  ;  tempo- 
rary use  of  music  hall  for  St.  Thomas's 
Hospital,  141 ;  serious  accident,  ib. 

Newlands,  manor  of,  337,  381 

Newman,  Robert  William,  Esq.,  332 

NichoU,  Rev.  John  Richard,  161 

Norbrith,  347 

Norbury,  manor  of,  236 

Norfolk  House,  Lambeth,  77 

Northall,  manor  of,  380 

Norwood,  St.  Luke's  district,  115  ; 
Vicar's  Oak,  116  ;  Gipsy  House,  ib. ; 
Westow  HiH,  117  ;  Crystal  Palace, 
ib. ;  Ro}'al  Normal  College  and 
Academy  of  Music  for  the  Blind, 
118  ;  Roman  Catholic  Orphanage  of 
Our  Lady,  *. ;  North  Suixey  District 
School,  ib. ;  All  Saints'  Chvuch,  ib.  ; 
St.  Paul's  Church,  119  ;  Christ 
Church,  ib. ;  St.  John  the  Evangelist's, 
ib.;  St.  Mark's,  *.;  Holy  Trinity, 
ib.  ;  St.  Luke's  Church,  ib. ;  Norwood 
Cemetery,  ib. ;  Jews'  Hospital,  120; 
Jewish  Convalescent  Home,  ib. ; 
School  of  the  Westmoreland  Society, 
ib. ;  St.  Saviour's  Almshouse,  ib. ; 
schools,  &c.,  121 ;  Indu.strial  Institu- 
tion for  the  Infant  Poor  of  Lambeth,i6. 

Nunhead  Cemetery,  19 

Ommanney,  Rev.  Edward  Aislabie,  191 

Onslow,  Rev.  Ai-thur  Cyril,  134 

Otter,  Rev.  William,  103 

Owen,  Rev.  Edward,  190 

Oxted,  or  Oxtead,  situation,  boundaries, 
and  soil,  374;  Barrow  Green,  ib. ; 
descent  of  the  manor,  ib. ;  manor  of 
Birstead,  375  ;  manor  of  Broadhams, 
ib. ;  manor  of  Foyle,  ib. ;  Sir  John 
Gresham,  *. ;  manor  of  Stoketts,  376 ; 
Stone  Hall,  ib. ;  the  rectory,  ib. ; 
rectors  since  1800,  ib. ;  the  parish 
church,  377  ;  monuments  to  the  Hos- 
kins  family,  ib. ;  Registers,  378 ;  bene- 
factions to  the  poor,  379 


Padindeu,  manor  of,  365 

Palmer,  Rev.  George  Thomas,  134 

Palmerston,  Viscount,  332 

Parker,  Archbishop,  desecration  of  his 
tomb,  59  ;  Queen  Elizabeth's  indig- 
nation at  his  breach  of  celibacy,  ib. ; 
entertains  Queen  Elizabeth  at  Croy- 
don, 233 

Parnell,  Rev.  Frank,  37C 

Partridge,  John,  astrologer,  195 

Payne,  George,  and  Mr.  Clark,  duel 
fought  by,  228 

Peach,  Rev.  Henry,  303 

Pearson,  Charles,  Esq.,  132 

Peckham,  20 

Peers,  Rev.  John  Witherington,  D.C.L., 
318 

Pemberton,  Rev.  Edwai-d  Robert, 
D.C.L.,  215 

PendeU,  329 

Penge,  its  schools  and  public  institu- 
tions, 180 

Pepys,  Samuel,  death  of,  31 

Pestalozzi,  Henry,  309 

Phillips,  Rev.  Roland,  D.D.,  242 

Picart,  Rev.  Samuel,  134 

Pitt,  William,  and  George  Tierney,  duel 
fought  by,  197 

Playfere,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Cheam,  303 

Plumptre,  Rev.  Henry  Scawen,  112 

Ponsonby,  Hon.  John  George  Brabazon, 
332 

Pope,  Rev.  Stephen,  112 

Porcher,  Josias  Dupr^,  Esq.,  332 

Porteus,  Dr.  BeUby,  Rector  of  Lambeth, 
68 

Porye,  John,  Rector  of  Lambeth,  67 

Poynder,  Rev.  Hemy,  355 

Poynder,  Rev.  WlUiam,  355 

Prichard,  Rev.  James  Cowles,  314 

Purley,  265 

Putney,  boundaries  and  soU,  195  ; 
early  history,  ib. ;  royal  fishes,  ib. ; 
the  bridge,  196  ;  the  lire-proof  house, 
ib. ;  Putney  Heath,  197 ;  famous 
duels  fought  here,  ib. ;  Putney  made 
the  head-qviarters  of  Fairfax  and 
Cromwell  during  the  civil  wars,  ib. ; 
Putney  Park,  198  ;  advowson,  199  ; 
extracts  from  the  parish  Register,  ib. ! 
perpetual  cm-ates,  ib.;  St.  Mary's 
Church,  ib. ;  St.  John's  Church,  201 ; 
AU.  Saints',  ib. ;  almshouses,  ib. ; 
College  of  Civil  Engineers,  ib. ;  Lime 
Grove,  202  ;   BowUng-Green  House, 


INDEX. 


39' 


?i. ;  Chelsea  Water  "Works  reservoir, 
i6. ;  the  University  boat  race,  203  ; 
Royal  Hospital  for  Incurables,  ti.  ; 
Roehampton,  ih. ;  eminent  natives 
and  former  residents  of  Putney,  205  ; 
Nicholas  West,  Bishop  of  Ely,  ib. ; 
Thomas  Cromwell,  Earl  of  Essex,  ib. ; 
Edward  Gibbon,  the  historian,  206; 
Robert  Wood,  author  of  the  "  Ruins 
of  Palmyra,"  207  ;  John  Toland,  a 
deistieal  writer,  ib. 
Pyne,  Rev.  W.  Master,  376 

Ramsay,  John,  Prior  of  Merton,  184 

Randolph,  Rev.  George,  262 

Randolph,  Rev.  Herbert,  B.D.,  224 

Randolph,  Rev.  John,  266 

Randolph,  Rev.  John  H.,  266 

RavenhUl,  Rev.  John,  211 

Ravensbury,  manor  of,  311 

Reeves,  Rev.  Fred.  John  Hawkes,  191 

Rice,  Rev.  Charles  Hobbes,  303 

Richard,  Prior  of  Merton,  184 

Robert,  Prior  of  Merton,  184 

Roberts,  Rev.  Alfred,  272 

Robinson,  Rev.  Cliristopher  Thomas, 
199 

Roehampton,  203  ;  Roehampton  House, 
ih. ;  Moimt  Clare,  204  ;  Bessborougli 
House,  ib.;  Devonshire  House,  ih.;  the 
Rookery,  ib.;  a  violent  whirlwind,  ih. 

Romeney,  John,  Prior  of  Merton,  184 

Rooksnest,  381 

Rose,  Rev.  William,  225 

Rotherhithe,  etymology  of,  141  ;  boun- 
daries, ib. ;  early  history  of,  142  ; 
descent  of  the  manor,  ib. ;  Thames 
Tunnel,  146 ;  Commercial  Docks,  150 ; 
Grand  Surrey  Canal,  152  ;  advowsou 
of  Rotherithe,  ib.;  the  parish  Regis- 
ters, ih. ;  rectors  since  1800,  153  ;  St. 
Mary's  Church,  ib.;  tomb  of  Prince 
Lee  Boo,  154  ;  Admiral  Sir  John 
Leake,  ib. ;  Trinity  Church,  155  ; 
All  Saints'  Church,  ih.;  Christ 
Church,  ib. ;  birthplace  of  Admiral 
Benbow,  ib. ;  Sir  WiUiam  Gomni, 
156  ;  St.  Paul's  Chapel-of-Ease,  ih. ; 
St.  Barnabas  Church,  ih.;  schools, 
ib. ;  Southwark  Park,  ib. 

RoupeU,  William,  132 

Royal  Victoria  Patriotic  Asylum,  220 

Russell,  Matthew,  Esq.,  332 

Russell,  Rev.  Lord  Wriothesley,  161 

Russell,  William,  Esq.,  332 


St.  John,  Rev.  Henry  St.  Andrew,  199 

St.  John,  Rev.  John  Fleming,  199 

St.  John,  Rev.  John  Francis  S.  Fleming, 

199 
St.  John,  Viscount,  the  family  of,  173 
St.  Thomas's  Hospital,  Lambeth,  85 
Salyng,  William,  Prior  of  Merton,  184 
Sandby,  Rev.  George,  9 
Sanderstead,  boundaries  and  nature  of 
the  sou,  263  ;  descent  of  the  manor, 
264 ;    Purley,   265  ;    Puriey  House, 
266  ;  Sanderstead  House,  ib. ;  rectors 
since  1800,  ih. ;  parish  cliurch,  ih.; 
monuments,  267  ;  a  remarkable  yew- 
tree,  268  ;  parsonage  and  schools,  ib. ; 
Christ  Church,  ib. ;  Selsdon,  ib. 
Scawen,  Sii'  William,  293 
Schirfeld,  Thomas,  Prior  of  Merion,  184 
Scot,  Col.   Thomas,  depredations  com- 
mitted by,  at  Lambeth  Palace,  46 
Scott  family,  burial-place  of,  10 
Selsdon,  268 
Senhouse,Dr.  Richard,  Rector  of  Chcani, 

303 
Sheffield,  manor  of,  367 
Shepherd,  Rev.  Henry,  257 
Shirley,  255 

Shovelstrode,  manor  of,  366 
Shutte,  Rev.  Albert  Shadwell,  191 
Sidmouth,  Viscount,  191 
Slake,  Nicholas,  Rector  of  Lambeth,  66 
Smijth,  Rov.  Edward  Bowyer,  9 
Smith,  Alderman,  monument  of,  216 
Sneyd,  Rev.  WetenhaU,  333 
South  London  Water  Works,  100 
Soutliwark  Park,  156 
Spear,  Rev.  James,  153 
Stagbury,  271 
Stangrave,  330 
Stausted,  257 

Starborough,  manor  of,  363 
Stein,  John,  Esq.,  331 
Stephen,  Prior  of  Merton,  184 
Stephens,  William,  Rector  of  Sutton,  322 
Stewart,  Rev.  David  Dale,  262 
Stewart,  Rev.  James  Haldane,  340,  360 
Stockenden,  or  Storkendeii,  359 
Stockwell,  manor  of,   105  ;  John  An- 
geU's  bequest,  107  ;  Stockwell  Green, 
108  ;   the   Stockwell  ghost,  ib. ;  St. 
Andrew's  Church,  109  ;  St.  Michael's 
Clmrch,    ih. ;    Small-pox     Hospital, 
110  ;  Fever  Hospital,  *. ;  Stockwell 
Orphanage,  ib. ;  Dunsford  Lodge,  ib. 
Stoketts,  manor  of,  376 


Storie,  Rev.  John  George,  9 

Strcathani,  etymology,  157  ;  bounda- 
ries, ib. ;  natuie  of  soil,  ib. ;  medicinal 
spring,  ib. ;  historical  records  of,  ib. ; 
manor  of  Tooting-Bec,  or  Tooting- 
Beck,  158  ;  manor  of  Leigham's 
Court,  159  ;  Knight's  Hill,  160 ; 
Lord  Thurlow's  residence,  ib. ;  ad- 
vowson  of  Slreatham,  161  ;  rectors 
since  1800,  ih. ;  St.  Leonard's  Church, 
ih.;  Christ  Church,  162  ;  the  Church 
of  Immauuel,  ib. ;  St.  Stephen's,  ib. ; 
tlic  village  of  Streatham,  ih.;  alms- 
houses, 163  ;  charitable  donations, 
ib. ;  St.  Leonard's  National  Schools, 
ib.;  Magdalen  Hospital,  ih. ;  Streat- 
ham Park,  ib. ;  Mrs.  Thrale  and  Dr. 
Johnson, ?7a;  nianorof  Balliam,i4.;  St. 
Mary'sChurch,  164 ;  Bedford  House,  i6. 

Surrey  Canal,  l.")2 

Surrey  Lunatic  Asylum,  219 

Surrey  Zoological  Gardens,  140 

Sutton,  boundaries  and  nature  of  soil, 
320  ;  Sutton  Common,  ib. ;  descent 
of  the  manor,  ih. ;  the  advowson,  321  ; 
rectors  since  1800,  ib. ;  the  parish 
cluirch,  ib. ;  Benhilton,  323  ;  bene- 
factions to  the  parish,  ih. 

Swinny,  Rev.  Henry  Hutcliinson,  191 

Talbot,  Sir  Charies,  332 

Taudridge,  hundred  of,  324 

Tandridge,  boundaries  and  soU,  379  ; 
descent  of  the  manor,  ib. ;  Tandridge 
Court,  380  ;  manor  of  Northall,  ih. ; 
Tillingdon,  ib. ;  manor  of  Newlands, 
381;  Tandridge  Hall,  ib. ;  Rooks- 
neat,  ib. ;  the  priory  of  Tandridge, 
382  ;  the  advowson,  ih.;  curates  and 
vicars  since  1800,  383  ;  the  parish 
church,  ib. ;  donations  to  the  parish, 
384 ;  schools,  ih. 

Teignmouth,  Lord,  residence  of,  33 

Tenchleys,  358 

Tenison,  Archbishop,  memorial  of,  72 

Tennyson,  George,  Esq.,  332 

Tennyson,  Right  Hon.  Charles,  132,332 

Thames  Tunnel,  146 

Thirlby,  Thomas,  72 

Thomas,  Rev.  James,  3G9 

Thomas,  Rev.  John,  D.D.,  333 

Thornton,  Rev.  William  AVheeler,  355 

Thoi-p,  Rev.  Thomas,  376 

Thrale,  Mrs.,  her  residence  at  Streat- 
ham, 163 


39^ 


INDEX. 


Thuilow,  Lord,  his  residence  at  Streat- 
ham,  160 

Tichfleld,  Marquis  of,  332 

TilHngdon,  380 

Todd,  Eev.  Henry  James,  255 

Todd,  Rev.  Henry  John,  262 

Toland,  John,  a  deistical  writer,  207 

Tolsworth,  manor  of,  256 

Tooting,  or  Lower  Tooting,  boundaries 
and  soil,  208  ;  early  history  and  de- 
scent of  manor,  *. ;  advowson,  210  ; 
St.  Nicholas  Church,  *.;  rectors, 
211;  artesian  well,  ih.;  Lamheth 
Cemetery,  ih. ;  National  Schools,  ih. ; 
HiU  House,  ih.;  meeting-house  for 
Independents,  ih. 

Tooting-Bec,  manor  of,  158  I 

Townsend,  Rev.  Richard  Lateward,  215 

Tradescants,  burial-place  of  the,  74  ; 
museum,  75 

Trevereux,  359 

Tritton,  Eev.  Robert,  318 

Tufnell,  Rev.  Edward  Wyndham,  D.D., 
242 

Timstall,  Cuthbert,  71 

Tyrrell,  James,  15 

University  boat  race,  203 

Vauxhall  Bridge,  96 

Vauxhall  Gardens,  89  ;  firework  illu- 
minations and  balloon  ascents,  95  ; 
sale  and  demolition  of  the  gardens, 
96 

Venn,  Rev.  John,  34 

Vernon,  Rev.  William  Hardy,  295 

Vicar's  Oak,  41,  116 

Victoria  Patriotic  Asylum,  Royal,  220 

Villiers,  Thomas  Hyde,  Esq.,  332 

Vyse,  Rev.  WiUiam,  LL.D.,  66 

Waddon,  manor  of,  234 
WaUington,  229,  278,  289 
Walpole,  Rev.  Thomas,  360 
Walsh,  John  Benn,  Esq.,  331 
Walter,  Prior  of  Merton,  184 
Walworth  Common,  140 
Walworth,  manor  of,  133 
Wandsworth,   etymology,  211  ;   boun- 


daries and  soil,  212  ;  Doomsday  ac- 
count of  manor,  ih. ;  manor  of  Batter- 
sea  and  Wandsworth,  ih. ;  manor  of 
Downe,  ih. ;  manor  of  Dunsfold, 
213  ;  manor  of  Alfartliing,  i6. ;  ad- 
vowson, 214  ;  extracts  from  the  parish 
Register,  ih.;  vicars  since  1800,  215  ; 
All  Saints'  Church,  ih.  ;  execution  of 
Griffith  Clarke,  Vicar  of  Wandsworth, 
ih. ;  monuments  in  the  parish  church, 
216  ;  St.  Anne's  Church,  217  ;  St. 
Mary's,  *. ;  St.  Paul's,  ih.;  Holy 
Trinity,  ti. ;  St.  Thomas  of  Canter- 
bury, ih. ;  the  village,  ih. ;  the  County 
Prison,  ih. ;  the  bridge,  ih. ;  the 
"  Frying-pan  houses,"  218 ;  thehamlet 
of  Garrett,  ih. ;  the  "  Mayor  of  Garrett," 
tJ. ;  national  and  other  schools,  ■ih. ; 
Melrose  Hall,  now  the  Royal  Hos- 
pital for  Incurables,  ih.;  St.  Peter's 
Hospital,  219  ;  Friendless  Boys' 
Home,  ih. ;  Surrey  Industrial  School, 
ih. ;  Wandsworth  Bridge,  ih. ;  Surrey 
Lunatic  Asylum,  ih. ;  Royal  Victoria 
Patriotic  Asylum,  220 ;  Mulberry 
Cottage,  ih. ;  Clapham  Junction  Sta- 
tion, ih. 
Warner,  Rev.  Ferclinando,  LL.D.,  169 
Waterloo  Bridge,  124 
Waters,  Eev.  John,  LL.B.,  383 
Watson,  Anthony,  Rector  of  Cheam,  302 
Wat  Tyler's  attack  on  Lambeth  Palace, 

45 
Walton,  Rev.  Robert,  257 
Welton,  Eev.  Thomas,  257 
West,  Nicholas,  Bishop  of  Ely,  205 
Westminster  Bridge,  84 
Wharton,  Eev.  Henry  James,  314 
Whattington,  or  Waddon,  manor    of, 

259 
Wheelwright,  Eev.  George,  340 
Whitgift's  Hospital,  Croydon,  244 
Wigsell,  Rev.  Atwood  WigseU,  266 
Wilkes's  riots,  136 

Wilkinson,  WiUiam  Arthur,  Esq.,  132 
WiUey,  manor  of,  256 
WiUiam,  Prior  of  Merton,  184 
WiUiams,  Eev.  James,  9 
WilUams,  WUUam,  Esq.,  132 


Wilson,  Eev.  Christopher,  D.D.,  169 
WUaon,  Rev.  Daniel  Frederic,  314 
Wimbledon,  boundaries  and  nature  of 
the  soil,  220  ;  artesian  weU,  ih. ;  de- 
rivation of  name,  ih.  ;  early  histor;', 
221  ;  Sir  Thomas   Cecil,   afterwards 
Earl  of  Exeter,  ih. ;   Edward  Cecil, 
Baron  of  Putney  and  Wimbledon,  ih. ; 
description  of  the  manor-house,  222  ; 
Queen  Victoria  entertained  at  Wim- 
bledon Park  House,  223  ;  advowson, 
224;  vicars  of  Wimbledon  since  1800, 
ih. ;   St.  Mary's  Church,  ih. ;  Christ 
Church,  226  ;  Holy  Trinity  Church, 
ih. ;    Atkinson  Morley   Convalescent 
Hospital,  ih. ;  ancient  entrenchment 
on  Wimbledon  Common,  ih. ;  Wim- 
bledon House,  227  ;  ancient  barrows 
on  Wimbledon   Common,  ih. ;  duel 
between    the    Duke    of    York    and 
Colonel  Lennox,  228  ;  duel  between 
Sir  Francis  Burdett  and  John  Paull, 
ih. ;  duel  between  George  Pajme  and 
Mr.   Clark,  ih. ;    duel    between  the 
Marquis  of  Londonderry  and  Henry 
Grattan,  ih.;  duel  bet\\'een  the  Earl 
of  Cardigan  and  Capt.  Harvey  Tuck- 
ett,  ih. ;   National  Rifle  Association 
contests,  ih. 
Wing,  Eev.  John,  161 
AVingfield,  Rev.  John,  D.D.,  199 
Winlaw,  Rev.  WiUiam,  318 
Witford,  manor  of,  310 
AVUst,  Thomas,  Prior  of  Merton,  184 
Wood,  Robert,  author  of  the  "  Ruins  of 

Palmj-ra,"  207 
Wood,  Eev.  WilUam,  B.D.,  262 
Woodmansterne,  boundaries,  &c.,  269  ; 
descent  of  the  manor,  270  ;  Stagbury, 
271  ;    the    advowson,    272  ;    rectors 
since  1800,  ih. ;   the  pari.'sh  church, 
ih. ;  the  Oaks,  ih. 
Wordsworth,   Rev.   Christopher,   D.D. 

66 
Wyche,  Henry,  Rector  of  Sutton,  322 
Wynter,  Sir  Edward,  monument  of,  177 

Vork,  Duke  of,  and  Col.  Lennox,  duel 
fought  by,  228 


END   OF  VOL.    III. 


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